REVIEW ARTICLE March 2023

A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and

Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi
Radhika Rani V1, Mahesh Hirulal2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikrti Vijnana, Sri Kalabyraweshwara Ayurvedic Medical college, Hospital
and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikrti Vijnana, SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka,
India.

ABSTRACT
Santarpana and Apatarpana are the two types of effects in the body by the regular exposure to Brimhana
and Langhana Ahara, Viharas respectively. In present scenario incidence of non-communicable diseases
are increasing and are the risk factors for many systemic illnesses and mortality. A detailed
understanding of non-communicable diseases is need of the hour. Those Dravyas which are predominant
of Prithvi and Ap Mahabhoota will cause Brimhana and Dravyas which are predominant of Agni, Vayu
and Akasha will cause Langhana. Santarpana Nidanas will vitiates predominantly Agni, Kapha and Meda
leading for Santarpanotha Vikaras. From contemporary understanding these can be studied under over
nutritive disorders. On the other hand, improper or excessive exposure to Apatarpana Ahara and Vihara
leads to the vitiation of Vata and leads to increased Rookshata in Rasa Dhatu leading to Utharothara
Dhatu Kshaya and manifesting the Apatarpana Janya Vikaras. These can be studied as nutritional
deficiency disorders. Here an attempt is made to study the Santarpana and Apatarpana Nidana,
Samprapti and Vikaras in detail.

Key words: Santarpana, Apatarpana, Nutritional deficiency disorders, Langhana, Brimhana

INTRODUCTION human body is also made up of Panchmahabhuta.

Ayurveda explains everything in universe is made up of Guna, Karma and Prabava of Dravya will affect the
Panchamahabhuta. The concepts like Dravya, Guna, body in different ways. Santarpana and Apatarpana
Karma, Samanya and Vishesha were explained to are two effects seen on body by different Ahara and
understand the cause-and-effect theory in detail. Vihara. In extreme pathogenicity, these will turn to
Ayurveda has explained the importance of proper Vyadhi. The same concept is used to treat these Vyadhi
intake of food in the maintenance of health.[1] All Ahara by adopting the opposite modality viz. Santarpana
Dravya were made up of Panchamahabhuta and Chikitsa in Apatharpanotha Vyadhi and Apatharpana
Chikitsa in Santarpanotha Vyadhi.[2]
Address for correspondence:
Dr. Radhika Rani V Santarpana
Assistant Professor, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikrti
Vijnana, Sri Kalabyraweshwara Ayurvedic Medical college,
Santarpana Word Meaning[3,4]
Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Submission Date: 16/01/2022 Accepted Date: 25/02/2023 ▪ Santarpayati Indriyani Iti
Access this article online ▪ Triptikaarake
Quick Response Code
▪ Preenanam
Website: www.jaims.in
▪ Brimhana Hetuka

Apatarpanam ▪ Langhanam
DOI: 10.21760/jaims.8.3.24
▪ Karshanam

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 Radhika Rani V. et al. A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2023

Santarpana can be explained as the nourishment of Pandu Jwara Ama-Rasavaha Sroto Dusti
Dhatus and Indriyas up to its saturating level. Brimhana
is mentioned as the synonym of Santarpana[5] Klaibya Ama-Rasavaha and
Shukravaha Sroto Dusti
Apatarpana can be explained as the undernourishment
of Dhatus and Indriyas. Langhana is mentioned as the Mutrakrchra Ama, Mutravaha Sroto Dusti
synonym of Apatarpana[6]
Amapradosha Ama – Rasavaha ,Annavaha,
Santarpana Janya Vyadhi Purishavaha Sroto Dusti

Brihat Trayees has explained that the improper or Arochaka Gurugatrata Tandra Amaja Lakshana
excessive exposure to Santarpana (Brimhana) can lead Alasya Sopha
to various disorders. They are termed as Santarpana
Janya Vikaras. Indriyasrotasamlepa Kapha-Tama Dosha and
Budhirmoha Manovaha and different
Nidana Indriya Srotodusti

Ahara Dravya containing Snigdha, Madhura, Guru,

Pichila Guna will lead to Santarpana.[7] Excessive use of
Navanna, Navamadya, Anupa and Varija Mamsa,
Gorasa and Paistika will do Santarpana.[8] Vagbhata
included Ksheera, Sarpi and Sita as Santarpana
Nidana.[9] These all Nidanas contains high calories and
lipids. These will lead for over nourishment if taken in
excessive quantity.
Sedentary life style like Cheshta Dweshi, Diwaswapna,
Shaiyya Sugha, Asana Sukha Swapna Sukha, Abhyanga,
Snana will lead to Santarpana.[10,11] The combination of
high caloric intake and low caloric metabolism will lead
to over nourishment to body and leads for many
disorders.
Santarpana Janya Vyadhi Samprapti
There is a broad list of Santarpanotha Vyadhi in
Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi
classical texts. Even though Santarpana is the cause for
these all conditions, these all occur due to different Nidana
Samprapti. List of Santarpanotha Vyadhi and factors
The improper or excessive exposure to Apatarpana
involved in manifestation of these conditions are
(Langhana) leads to the manifestation of certain
enlisted below.[12]
diseases which are termed as Apatarpana Janya
Santarpana Janya Vyadhi Factors contributing in
Vyadhi. Excessive intake of all the Vata aggravating
Samprapti Ahara and Viharas will lead to Apatarpana Janya
Vyadhi.[13] Ahara containing Ruksha, Laghu, Khara,
Prameha, Atisthoulya Kapha-Medha Dosha Dushya Sukshma Gunas will contribute in Vata vitiation.
Sammurchana
Ativyayama, Ativyavaya, Adhyayana, Ratrijagarana,
Pidaka, Kota, Kandu Kusta, Tridosha, Rasa, Twak and suppression of Kshuth and Pipasa, excessive Kashaya
Pramilaka Mamsavaha Sroto Dusti. Rasa Sevana and Alpa Ashana are the Viharaja
Nidanas. Manasika Nidanas like Bhaya, Shoka will also

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 Radhika Rani V. et al. A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2023

leads to Apatarpana Janya Vikaras.[14] Specific Nidanas The excessive or improper exposure to the Nidanas can
like Sahasa, Vega Sandharana, Vishmashana and lead to the Vata Pradhana Tridosha Dushti which
Dhatukshaya explained in Rajayakshma context were vitiates the Agni and thereby it results in the Rasa
group of Nidanas which will manifest the Apatarpana Dhatu Kshaya or increased Rookshata of Rasa Dhatu.
Janya Vikaras. Low caloric intake and excessive Progressively it can result in the reduced nourishment
physical activity will lead to depletion of fat and to the successive Dhatus that causes Dhatu Kshaya and
damage at cellular level. Under nourishment, protein- the manifestation of Apatarpana Janya Vikaras.
energy malnutrition can be considered as Apatarpana
Janya Vyadhi.
DISCUSSION
List of Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi[15] Santarpana Janya Vikaras are given much importance
as it is a very common set of disorders in the present
▪ Depletion of Jataragni, Bala, Varna, Ojas, Sukra
scenario. So, the understanding of these Vyadhi, its
and Mamsa
etiopathology is very much contributory to the science
▪ Jwara associated with Kasa and its clinical application. Most of the Santarpana
▪ Parswa Shoola Janya Nidanas can be observed in causing Prameha. It
▪ Arochaka is mentioned as the first Santarpana Janya Vyadhi. In
Prameha, the Nidanas like excessive intake of Ksheera,
▪ Srotra Dourbalya
Navamadya, Anupa and Varija Mamsa, Diwaswapna,
▪ Unmada Saiyya Sugha etc, Kapha Pradhana Tridosha Dusti takes
▪ Pralapa place. Bahudravakapha is mainly initiating the
▪ Hrdaya Vyadha pathology along with the Dasha Dushyas (Meda,
Mamsa, Vasa, Majja, Kleda, Sukra, Rakta, Lasika and
▪ Purisha and mutra sangraha
Rasa). On favourable combination of Nidana, Dosha
▪ Shoola in Jangha and Uru and Dushyas, the Bahudrava Kapha spreads all over the
▪ Parva Asthi Sandhi Bheda body due to Shithilatha of Sharira. As Medas is Abadha
▪ Vataja Rogas or Asamhatha (not properly formed) in this condition
and is having similar Guna of Kapha, it mixes initially
Samanya Samprapti of Apatarpana Janya Vikaras with Meda and vitiates it. As the Mamsa and Kleda
Nidana Sevanat Amsha in the body is also excessive in quantity,
↓ Dushitha Kapha along with Meda vitiates Mamsa and
produces Pidakas like Sharavika Kacchapika etc.,
Vata Pradhana Tridosha Dusti
whereas Dushita Kleda in excess are transformed into
↓ urine and moves to Basthi and produces Prameha.[16]
Agni Dusti In Kusta similar Nidanas like excessive intake of
↓ Ksheera, Dadhi, Kola, Kulatha, Masha, Virudha Ahara
Increased Rookshata of Rasa Dhatu/Rasa Dhatu Vihara Sevana, excessive oleation etc. can lead to the
Kshaya Shithilatha of Twak, Mamsa, Shonitha and Lasika along
with Tridosha Dusti. This Prakupitha Dosha localises in
↓
the Twak and produces different types of skin
Reduced nourishment to other Dhatus disorders in the body.[17] Sthoulya can be understood
↓ as the classical example of Santarpana Janya Vikara.
Dhatu Kshaya Intake of Guru, Madhura, Sheetha, Singdha Ahara in
↓ excess, exposure to Viharaja Nidanas like
Diwaswapna, Avyayama, Avyavaya and Achinta etc.
Vyadhi
Meda is increased and becomes vitiated and produces
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 Radhika Rani V. et al. A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2023

the Ashta Dosas in Sthoulya. This vitiated Medas followed in an individual it leads to the pathology and
obstructs the Vayu, so the movement of Vayu is formation of various Santarpana and Apatarpana
confined to Koshta, resulting in excessive stimulation Janya Vikaras. In the whole concept of the Santarpana
of Agni. So, the patient digests the food and becomes and Apatarpana, the prime most focus is given to the
a binge eater which will further worsen the condition. Guna and Pramana of the Ahara. So, here the Acharyas
This causes the excessive fat accumulation in Sphik, have concluded the importance of the proper Ahara
Udara and Sthana which is the Prathyatma Lakshana Vidhi in the maintenance of health and prevention of
of Sthoulya.[18] diseases.
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ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2023

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