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    Loops

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    nandiniasadi01

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Loops

    Uploaded by

    nandiniasadi01
    7 views10 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    7 views10 pages

    Loops

    Uploaded by

    nandiniasadi01

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Loops in Python

    In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For


    example, if we want to show a message 100 times we can do so with the help of
    loops in python. There are 2 types of loops in Python:

    • for loop
    • while loop
    for loop

    A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a
    dictionary, a set, or a string).This is less like the for keyword in other
    programming languages, and works more like an iterator method as found in
    other object-orientated programming languages with the for loop we can
    execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set
    etc.The for loop does not require an indexing variable to set beforehand.
    Example : Print each fruit in a fruit list
    fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
    for x in fruits:
    print(x)
    Looping Through a String
    Even strings are iterable objects, they contain a sequence of characters
    Example: Loop through the letters in the word "banana":

    for x in "banana":
    print(x)
    The break Statement

    With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped through all
    the items

    Example:Exit the loop when x is "banana":


    fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
    for x in fruits:
    print(x)
    if x == "banana":
    break
    print(x)

    The continue Statement

    With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the loop, and
    continue with the next

    Example: Do not print banana:


    fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
    for x in fruits:
    if x == "banana":
    continue
    print(x)
    The range() Function
    To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use
    the range() function.
    • The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by
    default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.
    Example :Using the range() function
    for x in range(6):
    print(x)

    • The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is


    possible to specify the starting value by adding a parameter: range(2, 6),
    which means values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6):

    Example: Using the start parameter

    for x in range(2, 6):


    print(x)

    • The range() function defaults to increment the sequence by 1, however it


    is possible to specify the increment value by adding a third
    parameter: range(2, 30, 3):

    Example: Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1)

    for x in range(2, 30, 3):


    print(x)
    The while Loop

    With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is
    true.

    Example : Print i as long as i is less than 6


    i=1
    while i < 6:
    print(i)
    i += 1

    Note: remember to increment i, or else the loop will continue forever.

    The while loop requires relevant variables to be ready, in this example we need
    to define an indexing variable, i, which we set to 1.

    The break Statement

    With the break statement we can stop the loop even if the while condition is
    true:

    Example: Exit the loop when i is 3


    i=1
    while i < 6:
    print(i)
    if i == 3:
    break
    i += 1

    The continue Statement

    With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and continue with
    the next:

    Example: Continue to the next iteration if i is 3


    i=0
    while i < 6:
    i += 1
    if i == 3:
    continue
    print(i)
    The else Statement

    With the else statement we can run a block of code once when the condition no
    longer is true:

    Example : Print a message once the condition is false:


    i=1
    while i < 6:
    print(i)
    i += 1
    else:
    print("i is no longer less than 6")
    Python If statements

    Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

    • Equals: a == b
    • Not Equals: a!= b
    • Less than: a < b
    • Less than or equal to: a <= b
    • Greater than: a > b
    • Greater than or equal to: a >= b

    These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if


    statements" and loops.

    An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.

    Example : If statement
    a = 33
    b = 200
    if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")

    In this example we use two variables, a and b, which are used as part of the if
    statement to test whether b is greater than a. As a is 33, and b is 200, we know
    that 200 is greater than 33, and so we print to screen that "b is greater than a".

    Indentation

    Python relies on indentation (whitespace at the beginning of a line) to define


    scope in the code. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for
    this purpose.

    Example : If statement, without indentation (will raise an error):


    a = 33
    b = 200
    if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a") # you will get an error
    Elif

    The elif keyword is Python's way of saying "if the previous conditions were not
    true, then try this condition".

    Example
    a = 33
    b = 33
    if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")
    elif a == b:
    print("a and b are equal")

    In this example a is equal to b, so the first condition is not true, but


    the elif condition is true, so we print to screen that "a and b are equal".

    Else
    The else keyword catches anything which isn't caught by the preceding
    conditions.
    Example
    a = 200
    b = 33
    if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")
    elif a == b:
    print("a and b are equal")
    else:
    print("a is greater than b")

    In this example a is greater than b, so the first condition is not true, also
    the elif condition is not true, so we go to the else condition and print to screen
    that "a is greater than b".
    You can also have an else without the elif:

    Example
    a = 200
    b = 33
    if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")
    else:
    print("b is not greater than a")

    Short Hand If

    If you have only one statement to execute, you can put it on the same line as the
    if statement.

    Example: One line if statement:


    if a > b: print("a is greater than b")
    Short Hand If ... Else

    If you have only one statement to execute, one for if, and one for else, you can
    put it all on the same line:

    Example: One line if else statement:


    a=2
    b = 330
    print("A") if a > b else print("B")

    This technique is known as Ternary Operators, or Conditional Expressions.

    We can also have multiple else statements on the same line:

    Example: One line if else statement, with 3 conditions:


    a = 330
    b = 330
    print(“A”) if a > b else print(“=”) if a == b else print(“B”)
    And

    The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional


    statements:

    Example:Test if a is greater than b, AND if c is greater than a:


    a = 200
    b = 33
    c = 500
    if a > b and c > a:
    print("Both conditions are True")
    Or

    The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional


    statements:

    Example: Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater than c:


    a = 200
    b = 33
    c = 500
    if a > b or a > c:
    print("At least one of the conditions is True")
    Not

    The not keyword is a logical operator, and is used to reverse the result of the
    conditional statement:

    Example: Test if a is NOT greater than b:


    a = 33
    b = 200
    if not a > b:
    print("a is NOT greater than b")
    Nested If

    You can have if statements inside if statements, this is


    called nested if statements.

    Example
    x = 41
    if x > 10:
    print("Above ten,")
    if x > 20:
    print("and also above 20!")
    else:
    print("but not above 20.")

    The pass Statement

    if statements cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have an if statement
    with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error.

    Example
    a = 33
    b = 200
    if b > a:
    pass

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