2

ev›`ªv-Iqviwj 44 †mŠnv`© m¤cÖxwZ I ˆgÎxi †mZzeÜb

el© muvBwÎk msL¨v 07 Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K 1417 A‡±vei 2010

Uªq‡Uª‡b 41

m~wPcÎ
fiZbvU¨g K_KZv 4
gnvZ¥v MvÜxi kvwšÍi Rb¨ c`hvÎv 6
Avgvi RxebB Avgvi evYx 8
iƒ‡c I bvg-ˆewP‡Î¨ `yM©wZbvwkbx †`ex `yM©v 9
XvKvq wKiY †ew` 12
gwYcy‡ii g„ZcÖvq †jvKZvK n«` 14 fiZbvU¨g K_KZv
†mB Kvjv cvnvo 16 ga¨hy‡M ¯’vbxq ivRviv †`e`vmx‡`i Zv‡`i `iev‡i wb‡q †h‡Zb b„Z¨
MZ †mvgevi 20 Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨| G‡`i ejv nZ ivRbZ©Kx| †`e`vmxiv †`eZvi D‡Ï‡k¨
AvKvk nv‡m ïå Kv‡ki Av‡›`vj‡b 22 b„Z¨cwi‡ekb KiZ, G b„Z¨ wQj Zv‡`i AšÍ‡ii wb‡e`b Bó‡`eZvi D‡Ï‡k
wKš‘ ivRbZ©Kxiv Zv‡`i bv‡P wb‡q Gj we‡bv`b|
KweZv 24
fiZbvU¨‡gi KiY‰kjxi gZ bvU¨kv¯¿wfwËK gvM© Dcv`vb µ‡g †`wk Ki‡Y
RjQwei K¨vbfv‡m cÖwZfv emy 26 iƒcvšÍwiZ nj, c‡i †`wk KiY nj Avoey| Avoey nj †`wk we‡bv`b|
avivevwnK Dcb¨vm cÖjvc b`xi cv‡i 31 Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Zv‡Ävi Nivbvi PvifvB wPbœvqv, cvwbœqv, wkevb›`g I ewo‡ejy
avivevwnK ¯§„wZK_v GKePb eûePb 37 fiZbvU¨g I msMx‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡Lb Ges eZ©gv‡bi cwi‡ekb-
Uªq‡Uª‡b `vwR©wjs 41 Dc‡hvMx AvKvi `vb K‡ib| `wÿ‡Y wn›`y evR‡Z¡i Aemv‡b fiZbvU¨‡gi
gn¤§` iwd AvRI huvi Mvb ¯§„wZ‡Z A¤øvb 42 ˆ`b¨`kv N‡U; Dˇi gymwjg kvmb cÖwZóvi ci fiZbvU¨g m¤ú~Y© wejyß
ev›`ªv-Iqviwj mgy`ª‡mZz 44 n‡q hvq| †lvo‡kvcvPvig-Gi Ab¨Zg cweÎ b„‡Z¨i cwie‡Z© Pvj DrmM©
cÖPj nq|
Ag„Zv cÖxZg GK w`KåvšÍ †g‡Ni bvg 46 AvaywbKKv‡j fiZbvU¨‡gi mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w× I RbwcÖq Kivi †ÿ‡Î
mybxjmvMiZx‡i 48 B K…ò Avqv‡ii f‚wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| cwðgvwe‡k¦ hš¿vbyl‡½ fiZbvU¨g
cwi‡ekb K‡ib iæw²Yx †`ex AiæY‡fj| cuvobvjøyi ixwZi Ici wZb eQi
covïbvi ci iæw²Yx †`ex 1936 mv‡j gv`ªv‡Ri DcK‡É Kjv‡ÿÎ bv‡g
fviZxq msMxZ wkí I fiZbvU¨g PP©vi GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb|
GKK cwi‡ekbvi cwie‡Z© wZwb fiZbvU¨‡g `jMZ cwi‡ekbv cÖeZ©b
K‡ib Ges fiZbvU¨gwfwËK wewfbœ e¨v‡j g¯’ K‡ib|

wkí wb‡`©kK me¨mvPx nvRiv m¤úv`K bv›Uz ivq

†dvb 9888789-91, 8820243-47 G·: 149 d¨v· 88-02-8820249
MÖvwd·, †jAvDU I gy`ªY e-mail: [email protected]
cÖKvkK I gy`ªvKi fviZxq nvB Kwgkb
wbgwdqv evwo bs 2, moK bs 142, ¸jkvb-1, XvKv-1212
4 †m¸bevwMPv, ¯^Rb UvIqvi, XvKv| †dvb: 02 7164671, 02 7164617 †dvb 9888789-91, 8820243-47 www.hcidhaka.org

fviZxq RbM‡Yi ï‡f”Qvmn webvg~‡j¨ weZwiZ fviZ wewPÎvq cÖKvwkZ me iPbvi gZvgZ †jL‡Ki wbR¯^Ñ Gi m‡½ fviZ miKv‡ii †Kvb †hvM †bB
my`„wó †`‡eb cvVvMviwU GZ`‡ji gvby‡li ÁvbPP©vi
wcwiRcyi D”P we`¨vjq †Mv`vMvox Dc‡Rjv †K›`ªwe›`y| wKš‘ Avw_©K A¯^”QjZvi Kvi‡Y
Z_v ivRkvnx †Rjvi evB‡i Wej wmd‡Ui Avgiv wewfbœ RvZxq cwÎKv wbqwgZ co‡Z
GKgvÎ wk¶v cÖwZôvb| bvbv cÖwZK‚jZvi bv †c‡i Pjgvb Z_¨cÖevn †_‡K ewÂZ|
gv‡SI †MvUv Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g Ae¯’v‡b fvj fviZ m¤ú‡K© AwaKZi Z_¨ AR©b Ges Dfq
djvdj Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q G wk¶v cÖwZôvbwU| †`‡ki D`xqgvb I cÖwZwôZ Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i
cvwicvwk¦©K eû Pvc D‡c¶v K‡i cÖvq GK mvwnZ¨Kg© c‡o ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv fviZ
nvRvi wk¶v_©x wb‡q †m-aviv GL‡bv cÖengvb| wewPÎv co‡Z AvMÖnx| GgZve¯’vq, Avcbvi
we`¨vj‡q GKwU cvVvMvi Av‡Q| †mLv‡b †`‡ki eûj cÖPvwiZ fviZ wewPÎv cwÎKvi †mŠRb¨
RvZxq ˆ`wbKmn Bs‡iwR fvlvi `yÕGKwU we‡`wk msL¨v Avgv‡`i cvVvMv‡i wbqwgZ cvwV‡q wcwQ‡q
cwÎKv wbqwgZ Av‡m| †deª“qvwi Õ07 fviZ cov Rb‡Mvôxi Ávb weKv‡k mnvqZv Ki‡Z
wewPÎv msL¨vwU cvVvMv‡i †c‡qwQ| Zv‡Z gnvZ¥v gwR© nq|
MvÜxi ivR‰bwZK Av`k©mn ivgK…ò cignsm cÖfvlK cvj ïfvkxl
m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©xiv A‡bK wKQy †R‡b‡Q| Z‡e mvaviY m¤úv`K
GKvš— K‡i Rvbvi Rb¨ msL¨vwU wbqwgZ n¯—MZ Aveyj nvwkg ¯§„wZ cvVvMvi
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi nvRvi`yqvixmn †MvUv MÖvg+WvKÑ LwjlLvjx, Dc‡RjvÑ Zvjv
cwðge‡½i Lei †ewk _vK‡j evsjvi BwZnvm mvZ¶xiv-9421
m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©xiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡ekx
ivóª wn‡m‡e fviZ‡K Rvbv `iKvi| Avkv Kwi Abvwej Avb‡›`
my`„wó †`‡eb| Avcbvi my¯’ my›`i Rxeb I `xN©vqy †ek wKQyw`b hveZ fviZ wewPÎv cwÎKv
Kvgbv K‡i †jLv _vgvw”Q| cvw”Qjvg bv| eyS‡Z cviwQjvg bv Gi KviY|
†gv. mvweqvi ingvb cybivq Av‡e`b Kie fvewQjvg| wVK Ggb Rxeb wd‡i cvB
cÖavb wk¶K mgq †c‡q †Mjvg wW‡m¤^i Õ08 msL¨v| GK Avwg fviZ wewPÎvi GRb wbqwgZ cvVK|
wcwiRcyi D”P we`¨vjq Abvwej Avb‡›` gbUv f‡i †Mj| m¤úv`K `xN©w`b hveZ Avcbv‡`i cvVv‡bv cwÎKvwU
WvKÑ wcwiRcyi, _vbvÑ †Mv`vMvox g‡nv`q Dc‡Rjv †K›`ªxq gw›`i kªxkªxivav‡Mvwe›` co‡Z co‡Z Avgvi †bkvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
†RjvÑ ivRkvnx †mevkª‡gi cvVKeM©‡K ev` †`bwb †f‡e fvix fviZ wewPÎv Avwg wb‡R cwo Ges Gi welqe¯‘
fvj jvMj| BwZnvm, ms¯‹…wZ, Mí, ågYmn eÜz‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j awi wewfbœ Av‡jvPbvi
AmvaviY wPËvKl©K welqmg„× cwÎKvi eo Afve| gva¨‡g| ZvQvov Avgvi cwiev‡ii mevB fviZ
m¤cÖwZ fviZxq nvB Kwgkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ `xN© wZb hyM G Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q fviZ wewPÎv cv‡V Af¨¯—| wKš‘ cwiZv‡ci welq AvR
fviZ wewPÎvi m‡½ Avgv‡`i cwiPq N‡U‡Q| wewPÎv| fviZ‡K Rvbvi G myeY© my‡hvM K‡i cÖvq 2 eQi hveZ Avwg wbqwgZ cwÎKwU cvB
cwÎKvwU fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm-HwZn¨, wkí- †`Iqvi Rb¨ Avgiv fviZxq KZ…©c‡¶i Kv‡Q bv| `qv K‡i wbqwgZ fviZ wewPÎv
ms¯‹…wZ, mvwnZ¨-`k©b, M‡elYv cÖf„wZ wel‡q K…ZÁ| Aek¨ ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b fviZ miKv‡ii cv‡Vi mye¨e¯’v K‡i evwaZ Ki‡eb| KviY fviZ
cvVK‡`i ÁvbZ…òv wbeviY Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`k- Ae`v‡bi Kvi‡Y Avgiv wPiFYx n‡qB AvwQ| wewPÎv c‡o Avwg Rxeb wd‡i cvB|
fviZ HwZnvwmKfv‡eB GKB Rj-nvIqv I Avi FY †_‡KB †Zv K…ZÁZv| wcÖq m¤úv`K, RwgiDwÏb Lvb
HwZ‡n¨i Askx`vi| fviZ wewPÎv µ‡gB Avwg GKRb MíKvi| B‡Zvc~‡e© `yÕevi †jLv G¨vW‡fv‡KU
G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi m¤cÖxwZ I †mŠnv‡`©i cvwV‡qwQ wKš‘ Qvcv nqwb| Avevi cvVvjvg| †Rjv AvBbRxex mwgwZ
†mZze܇bi KvR Ki‡Q| GB my`„k¨ Z_¨mg„×, G‡`‡ki Awc©Z AvBb wb‡q A‡bK †jLv‡jwL 2bs evi feb, gqgbwmsn
AmvaviY cwÎKvwU Avgiv Avgv‡`i msMV‡bi n‡q‡Q| d‡jv`q nqwb †Zgb wKQy| welqwU
Awd‡m †c‡Z AvMÖnx| G‡Z Avgv‡`i AmsL¨ G‡`‡ki msL¨vjNy gvby‡li Rxe‡b G‡b‡Q Amxg jvj †Mvjvc ï‡f”Qv
Kg©x, cvVK `k©bv_©x DcK…Z n‡e e‡j Avgiv `ytL-Kó| wKš‘ G welq wb‡q mvwnZ¨Kg© Lye cvQ‡kvqvBj †iwWI †kªvZv K¬v‡ei c¶ †_‡K
g‡b Kwi| AbyMÖn K‡i Avgv‡`i wVKvbvq †ewk Av‡Q e‡j Avgvi Rvbv †bB| †Qvej bv‡g Avcbv‡K RvbvB| Avgv‡`i K¬v‡ei 120Rb
wbqwgZ fviZ wewPÎv cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡i Avwg GKwU Mí wj‡LwQ| †fŠwZK wel‡q cvVKiv m`m¨ e¯‘wbô Z_¨eûj fviZ wewPÎv co‡Z
K…ZÁZvcv‡k Ave× Ki‡eb| Avb›` cvb| †fŠwZK welq Avi cÖvZ¨wnK Pig AvMÖnx| AvRxeb MÖvnK K‡i ZvB 2 Kwc
mv`vKvZ †nv‡mb Lvb eveyj Rxe‡bi mgš^‡q †jLv G MíwU ewÂZ gvby‡li K‡i fviZ wewPÎv wbqwgZ cvVv‡eb hv c‡o
mvaviY m¤úv`K g‡b GKUz ¯^w¯— G‡b w`‡Z cvi‡eÑG Avkv fvi‡Zi ms¯‹…wZ ivRbxwZ A_©bxwZ BZ¨vw`
evsjv‡`k hye‰gÎx, †K›`ªxq KwgwU wb‡qB Avgvi iPbv| GK msL¨vi Rb¨ nq‡Zv wel‡q ÁvbvR©b Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖwZ‡ekx †`k
31/Gd †ZvcLvbv †ivW, XvKv MíwU GKUz fviZ Avgv‡`i GKwbô eÜzcÖwZg †`k fvi‡Zi
eo| g~jZ Avwg Avgvi MÖ‡š’i Rb¨B G ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖKvkbvwU covi AwaKvi Avgv‡`i
wj‡LwQjvg| †jLvwU Avcbvi cwÎKvi cvZvq i‡q‡Q| ZvB AbyMÖn K‡i Avgv‡`i K¬ve‡K
co‡Z AvMÖnx ¯’vb w`‡j AveviI K…ZÁ _vKe| Avcbv‡`i †cÖiY ZvwjKvq Aš—f©y³ K‡i evwaZ
mvZ¶xiv †Rjvi Zvjv Dc‡Rjvi cÖZ¨š— A_P b›`wK‡kvi mvnv Ki‡eb|
AZxZ HwZn¨gwÊZ MÖvg LwjlLvjx‡Z Awef³ mvaviY m¤úv`K Wv. Gm Gg G nvbœvb
evsjvi cÖL¨vZ ivRbxwZwe` I `vk©wbK Aveyj kªxkªxivav‡Mvwe›` †mevkªg m¤úv`K
nvwkg mv‡n‡ei ¯§„wZ‡K A¤−vb ivL‡Z Aveyj Dc‡RjvÑ †K›`ªxq gw›`i cvQ‡kvqvBj †iwWI †kªvZv K¬ve
nvwkg ¯§„wZ cvVvMvi cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| KPzqv, ev‡MinvU WvKÑ nwicyi, _vbvÑ PvU‡gvni, cvebv

4
2 A‡±vei AvšÍR©vwZK Awnsm w`em| gnvZ¥v MvÜxi hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U evivK Ievgv †nvqvBU
Awnsm bxwZi cÖwZ kª×v cÖ`k©b K‡i RvwZmsN mvaviY nvDm †_‡K †`qv GK wee„wZ‡Z e‡jb, ÔGLb Awnsmvi
cwil` Zuvi Rb¥w`b‡K AvšÍR©vwZK Awnsm w`em wn‡m‡e evYxi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi mgq hv †MvUv we‡k¦i RbMY
cvjb Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| ejvevûj¨, G ¯^xK…wZ
RvwZms‡Ni MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv AviI evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| gnvZ¥v fvi‡Zi I ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb‡K DØy× K‡i P‡j‡Q| Avgiv
fvi‡Zi m‡½ †mB gnvZ¥vi Rb¥RqšÍx D`&hvcb KiwQ whwb
b¨vqwePvi, mwnòzZv, Awnsm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zvi Rxeb DrmM©
MvÜx bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ †gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜxi
ivR‰bwZK Av`k© Kg©bxwZi g~j K_v wQj Awnsmv| kZ
AbvPvi-AwePvi, `gb-cxob m‡Ë¡I Av‡›`vjbKvixiv
kvwšÍ K‡iwQ‡jb|Õ
MvÜxRxi mgMÖRxeb kvwšÍ A‡š¦lviB mgwó|
wnsmvi c‡_ cv evov‡e bv, G‡Z wec‡ÿi g‡b KiæYv
RvMÖZ n‡e GB wQj ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi AwnsmbxwZi g~j A‡Y^lvi Avcbviv Rv‡bb, fviZ wefv‡Mi cÖvKgyn‚‡Z© evsjv I
wenv‡i †h fqven mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v ïiæ nq Zv‡Z AMwYZ
gvbyl cÖvY nvivq| 1946 mv‡ji 10 A‡±vei mf¨Zvi
K_v| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb Awnsm kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
cÖK…Z ivóªxq ÿgZv mvaviY gvby‡li Avq‡Z¡ Avbv m¤¢e|
ivóª cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î gnvZ¥v MvÜx MYZ‡š¿ wek¦vmx
gnvbqK GK fqven wech©q jÿ¨ Kiv †Mj †bvqvLvjx‡Z| †mw`b
wQj `yM©vc~Rvi c‡ii c~wY©gvi GK †Rvrmœv-Sjg‡j ivZ|
wQ‡jb| Z‡e Zuvi MYZš¿ GKvšÍB Zuvi wbR¯^| 18 eQi iv‡Zi ¯^vfvweK wb¯ÍäZv †f‡O nVvr K‡iB ïiæ nj GK
eq¯‹ bvMwi‡Ki †fvU`v‡bi AwaKvi, cÂv‡qZ MVb, wbôzi `v½v hv wZb mßvn ¯’vqx wQj| mnmª gvby‡li Rxeb
iv‡óªi Dbœqb I wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© wZwb †ek wKQz bZzb †K‡o wbj; AviI mnmªvwaK wb‡LuvR nj| Lei †c‡q kvwšÍ
cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi fvebvmgwó‡K ÔMvÜxev`Õ AvL¨v †`qv nq| MvÜxRx wgk‡bi AMÖ`~Z n‡q †bvqvLvjx‡Z Qz‡U G‡jb Amn‡hvM I Awnsm Av‡›`vj‡bi
GK bZzb MYZ‡›`ªi aviYv Avgv‡`i w`‡q‡Qb| msL¨vMwi‡ôi wbi¼zk kvmb cÖ‡ivav gnvZ¥v MvÜx| fvB‡q fvB‡q wgjb NUv‡Z e×cwiKi MvÜxRx wn›`y-
e¨e¯’v A_ev hZB `„pmse× ev wecøex †nvK bv †Kb msL¨vjNyi GKbvqKZ¡‡K gymjgvb wbwe©‡k‡l mevi `yqv‡i Kov bvo‡jb| Awnsm bxwZcivqY mZ¨vkªqx
MvÜxRx MYZš¿ e‡j ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb eiveiB G aviYvi we‡ivax I gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvi cw_K…r MvÜxRxi kvwšÍ cwiKíbv mvdj¨gwÊZ nj|
wQ‡jb †h, A‡cÿvK…Z ejev‡biv ¯^vaxbZv I mg„w×i c‡_ G‡Mvevi m‡½ m‡½ ÔˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ HK¨Õ fvi‡Zi wPišÍb ˆewkó¨| fviZ wewPÎvi cvZvq G
`ye©‡jiv †KvYVvmv n‡e| MYZš¿‡K Zvi bv‡gi gh©v`v iÿv Ki‡Z n‡j †Kej ˆewk‡ó¨i cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi m‡PZb cÖqvm _v‡K Avgv‡`i| †mRb¨ fvi‡Zi
msL¨vjNy‡`i m¤^‡Ü AZ¨šÍ hZœ wb‡jB Pj‡e bv, RvwZ I †kªYx wbwe©‡k‡l cÖvPxb ¯’vcbv, ¯’vcZ¨, b„Z¨, wPÎKjv, msMxZ, bvU¨‰ewkó¨ †hgb Avgiv Zz‡j
mgMÖ Rbmvavi‡Yi me©v½xY ¯^vaxbZv I mvgwMÖK Kj¨vY weavb n‡e Gi ai‡Z PvB, †Zgwb PvB me©vaywbK cÖhyw³, ˆeÁvwbK AMÖMwZi LeivLei Zz‡j
ai‡Z| †m Kvi‡Y fviZ wewPÎvq welq‰ewP‡Î¨i GZ mgv‡ivn|
jÿ¨| Awnsm msMÖv‡gi Øviv RvwZ I †kªYxwenxb mgvR MVb Ges kvwšÍc~Y©
Avcbviv fiZbvU¨‡gi K_v ï‡b‡QbÑ GwU fvi‡Zi Zvwgjbvo–i
Dcv‡q Zvi msiÿY wQj Zvi Afxó| mgv‡Ri me©wbgœ ch©vq ch©šÍ cÖmvix G
wPivqZ b„Z¨‰kjx| mvaviYZ kv¯¿xq msMx‡Zi m‡½ G b„Z¨ cwi‡ewkZ nq|
bZzb MYZ‡š¿i aviYvi bvg wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôm‡e©v`qÕ Ges eZ©gvb we‡k¦i
wP`v¤^i‡gi cÖvPxb gw›`‡ii †`qv‡ji fv¯‹h© G bv‡Pi gy`ªv m„wói Aby‡cÖiYv|
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z G Ôm‡e©v`‡qÕi wePviavivi wfZi MYZ‡š¿i me©vaywbK a¨vb-aviYv
fiZbvU¨g fve ivM Zvj I bvU¨Ñ G PviwU Kjvi mgwš^Z iƒc| AvR‡Ki
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
w`‡b fiZbvU¨g LyeB RbwcÖq Ges e¨vcK cÖ`wk©Z b„Z¨‰kjx| we‡k¦i wewfbœ
gnvZ¥v MvÜx fviZ bvgK ivóªKvVv‡gvwUi me©m¤§Z RbK| RvwZi
cÖv‡šÍ AMwYZ wkíx G b„Z¨Kjvi PP©v K‡i P‡j‡Qb|
wcZv| fvi‡Zi me©Î wecyj Drmvn-DÏxcbvi ga¨ w`‡q 2 A‡±vei Zuvi
Zvwgj Kve¨ I mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^Y©hyM m½ghy‡Mi †ZvKvwàqvg I cieZ©xKv‡ji
Rb¥w`b D`&hvwcZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi 141Zg Rb¥w`b Dcj‡ÿ fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ wmjvàvw`Kig-G G b„Z¨Kjvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| cÖvPxbKv‡j gw›`‡ii †`e`vmxiv
kªxgZx cÖwZfv cvwUj †`kevmx‡K MvÜxRxi m‡Z¨i c_, Awnsm bxwZ AbymiY †`wkAvÆg b„Z¨ cwi‡ekb KiZ| fiZbvU¨‡gi KiY b„Z¨‰kjxi Ici wfwË
Ges kvwšÍ mwnòzZv m¤cÖxwZ I †`‡ki AMÖMwZi Rb¨ KvR Kivi AvnŸvb K‡i wn›`y gw›`‡ii cÖvPxb ¯’vcZ¨gvjv iwPZ nq| ¯^‡M©i Aáiviv G b„Z¨Mx‡Zi
Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, Avwg hLb evcyRxi K_v fvwe, we‡kl K‡i AvR‡Ki wkíx| †`egw›`‡i ivRAwZw_ G‡j Zvi wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ msMxZ b„Z¨mn
w`‡b, Avwg Zuvi †bZ…Z¡, `k©b I g~j¨‡ev‡a gy» nB| MvÜxRxi †bZ…Z¡ fvi‡Zi †lvo‡kvcvPvi AvwZ‡_qZvi Av‡qvRb _vKZ| Gici kvm‡Kiv gw›`‡i
gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl‡K DØy× K‡iwQj| wZwb AwfÁ I Kzkjx msMxZ I b„Z¨wkíx ivLvi HwZn¨ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
Avgv‡`i f‡qi weiæ‡× wbf©xKwP‡Ë `uvovevi, m‡Z¨i ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Ges Kwjhy‡M fviZxq wkí-mvwn‡Z¨ fw³ev` cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| fiZbvU¨g
`vwi`ª wbiÿiZv I ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi wkÿvI w`‡q‡Qb| fw³-Avkªqx| fiZbvU¨‡g msMxZmn‡hv‡M fw³ wb‡e`b Kiv nq|
1948 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi w`wjø‡Z GK mvܨKvjxb cÖv_©bvmfvq Zvwgjbvo–i Zv‡Äv‡i fiZbvU¨g cÖwmw×jvf K‡i| gvivVv ivRv wØZxq
bv_yivg MW&‡m bv‡g GK w`K&åvšÍ Ziæ‡Yi ¸wj‡Z cÖvY wemR©b w`‡j me‡ivRx (1798-1824 wLª.)-i Avg‡j Zv‡Ävi Nivbvi wPbœvqv, cvwbœqv,
weÁvbx‡kªô AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb m‡L‡` e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔcÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ wkevb›`g I ewo‡ejy bv‡g PvifvB msMxZ I fiZbvU¨g b„‡Z¨i Rb¨ weL¨vZ
P‡j hv‡e, Zey wek¦vm Ki‡Z Kó n‡e Ggb GKRb i³-gvs‡mi gvbyl G c„w_ n‡q I‡Vb| Gu‡`i KvQ †_‡KB Avjvwicy, RvwZ¯§ig, eiYg, lobg, c`g,
ex‡Z GK`v †nu‡U P‡j †eov‡Zb|Õ Mfxi `ytLfvivµvšÍ ü`‡q fvi‡Zi cÖ_g wZjøvbv cÖf…wZ fiZbvU¨‡gi wewfbœ Nivbvi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Äv‡i G
cÖavbgš¿x RInijvj †bniæ RvwZi D‡Ï‡k Zuvi †kvK evYx‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb, PvifvB‡qi wkl¨ivB fviZbvU¨‡gi PP©v K‡i Avm‡Qb| Giv wb‡Riv GKwU
ÔAvgv‡`i Rxeb †_‡K Av‡jv wb‡f †M‡Q| GLb me©Î Auvavi|Õ m¤cÖ`vq m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡`i AwaKvskB AeªvþY †mev‡qZ|
Awnsmv nvbvnvwbwenxb I kvwšÍc~Y© c„w_ex Movi j‡ÿ¨ MvÜxRx Avgv‡`i fiZbvU¨g n‡”Q ÔAwMœ b„Z¨Õ| gvbe‡`n †h cÂf‚‡Zi mgvnvi Zvi
cv‡_q n‡Z cv‡ib| Zuvi Kg©gq Rxeb †_‡K Avgiv wkÿv wb‡Z cvwi| GKevi GKwU n‡”Q †ZR| fvi‡Zi Ab¨ b„Z¨aviv¸‡jv n‡”Q Iwowk (Rjxq Dcv`vb),
KjKvZvq GK A‡UvMÖvdwkKvix AbyivMx f‡³i Wv‡qwi‡Z wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb, †gvwnbxAvÆg (evqy Dcv`vb), KzwPcywo (wÿwZ) I K_vKwj (†e¨vg)| †mKvi‡Y
ÔAvgvi RxebB Avgvi evYxÕ| gnvZ¥v MvÜxi m‡Z¨i bxwZ, kvwšÍ I Awnsm fiZbvU¨‡g AwMœwkLvi gy`ªv †`Lv hvq| KwZcq e¨wZµg Qvov cweÎ a¨v‡bi
bxwZi Av‡e`b wek¦Rbxb| wek¦‡bZ…e„›` †hgb `wÿY Avwd«Kvi †bjmb HwZn¨ Ôb„Z¨‡hvMÕ wn‡m‡e mgKvjxb fiZbvU¨‡gi PP©v AwZ mvgvb¨B †`Lv
g¨v‡Ûjv, hy³iv‡óªi gvwU©b jy_vi wKs, wdwjcvB‡bi †ewbM‡bv A¨vKzB‡bv, hvq|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, GgbwK hy³iv‡óªi eZ©gvb PjwZ msL¨v †_‡K ïiæ nj bZzb Dcb¨vwmKv cÖjvc b`xi cv‡i, bZzb
†cªwm‡W›U evivK Ievgv ch©šÍ Zuvi gZv`‡k©i cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e kª×vevb| †jL‡Ki G iPbvwU AvkvKwi cvVK‡`i fvj jvM‡e|

5
 fiZbvU¨g
K_KZv
gv b mx †PŠ ay ix
fiZbvU¨g fvi‡Zi Zvwgjbvo–i wPivqZ b„Z¨‰kjx|
mvaviYZ kv¯¿xq msMx‡Zi m‡½ G b„Z¨ cwi‡ewkZ
nq| wP`v¤^i‡gi cÖvPxb gw›`‡ii †`qv‡ji fv¯‹h© G
bv‡Pi gy`ªv m„wói Aby‡cÖiYv| fiZbvU¨g fve ivM
Zvj I bvU¨Ñ G PviwU Kjvi mgwš^Z iƒc| AvR‡Ki
w`‡b fiZbvU¨g LyeB RbwcÖq Ges e¨vcK cÖ`wk©Z
b„Z¨‰kjx| we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ AMwYZ wkíx G
b„Z¨Kjvi PP©v K‡i P‡j‡Qb|
Zvwgj Kve¨ I mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^Y©hyM m½ghy‡Mi
†ZvKvwàqvg I cieZ©xKv‡ji wmjvàvw`Kig-G G
b„Z¨Kjvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| †m mg‡qi ivRbZ©Kx gvaex
LyeB D”Pv‡½i wkíx wQ‡jb| cÖvPxb Zvwgj mgvR
I ms¯‹…wZi cÖvgvY¨ MÖš’ wmjvàvw`Ki‡g wkíKjv I
msMx‡Zi we¯—…Z weeiY i‡q‡Q|

6
cÖvPxbKv‡j gw›`‡ii †`e`vmxiv †`wkAvÆg b„Z¨ cwi‡ekb KiZ| `jMZ cwi‡ekbv cÖeZ©b K‡ib Ges fiZbvU¨gwfwËK wewfbœ e¨v‡j
fiZbvU¨‡gi KiY b„Z¨‰kjxi Ici wfwË K‡i wn›`y gw›`‡ii cÖvPxb g¯’ K‡ib|
¯’vcZ¨gvjv iwPZ nq| ¯^‡M©i Aáiviv G b„Z¨Mx‡Zi wkíx| †`egw›`‡i iæw²Yx †`ex cuvobvjøyi ixwZi k„½viKjvi gZ AvcwËKi Dcv`vb
ivRAwZw_ G‡j Zvi wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ msMxZ b„Z¨mn †lvo‡kvcvPvi ev` w`‡q evjmi¯^Zx cÖgyL mbvZb †`e`vmx-ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZwbwa‡`i
AvwZ‡_qZvi Av‡qvRb _vKZ| Gici kvm‡Kiv gw›`‡i AwfÁ I †Zv‡ci gy‡L c‡ob|
Kzkjx msMxZ I b„Z¨wkíx ivLvi HwZn¨ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| fiZbvU¨g GKvšÍB bvix we‡kl K‡i eªvþYKb¨v Z_v †`e`vmx‡`i
Kwjhy‡M fviZxq wkí-mvwn‡Z¨ fw³ev` cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| b„Z¨| GwU AZx‡Z gw›`‡i mxgve× _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b gw›`‡ii evB‡i
fiZbvU¨g fw³-Avkªqx| fiZbvU¨‡g msMxZmn‡hv‡M fw³ wb‡e`b wewfbœ Abyôvb-Drm‡e cwi‡ewkZ n‡”Q|
Kiv nq| Gi wZb Dcv`vbÑb„Ë (Q›`gq b„Z¨), bvU¨ (b„Z¨mn‡hv‡M fiZbvU¨‡g nv‡Zi gy`ªv ev n¯ÍmÂvjb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| b„Ën¯Í ev
gyKvwfbq) I b„Z¨ (b„Ë I bv‡U¨i mw¤§wjZ iƒc)| n¯Í‡f` `yÕcÖKviÑ K. Amshy³ n¯ÍÑ GKnvZ ev GKK nv‡Zi gy`ªv|
Zvwgjbvo–i Zv‡Äv‡i fiZbvU¨g cÖwmw×jvf K‡i| gvivVv ivRv Gi gy`ªvmsL¨v 32; L. mshy³ n¯ÍÑ `yB nvZ ev ˆØZ nv‡Zi gy`ªv| Gi
wØZxq me‡ivRx (1798-1824 wLª.)-i Avg‡j Zv‡Ävi Nivbvi wPbœvqv, gy`ªvmsL¨v 23|
cvwbœqv, wkevb›`g I ewo‡ejy bv‡g PvifvB msMxZ I fiZbvU¨g Amshy³ nv‡Zi gy`ªv¸wj h_vµ‡g cZvK, wÎcZvK, Aa©cZvK,
b„‡Z¨i Rb¨ weL¨vZ n‡q I‡Vb| Gu‡`i KvQ †_‡KB Avjvwicy, KZ©vwigyL, gq~i, Aa©P›`ª, Avovjv, ïKZzÊv, gywô, wkLi, KwcËv,
RvwZ¯§ig, eiYg, lobg, c`g, wZjøvbv cÖf…wZ fiZbvU¨‡gi wewfbœ KUKgyL, m~wP, P›`ªevjv, cÙ‡Kvl, mc©kxl©, g„Mkxl© wmsngyL, Kv½yj,
Nivbvi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Äv‡i G PvifvB‡qi wkl¨ivB fiZbvU¨‡gi AvjvcÙ, PZziv, ågi, nsmvmx, nsmcwÿKv, Q›`sk, gyKzj, ZvgªP~o,
PP©v K‡i Avm‡Qb| Giv wb‡Riv GKwU m¤cÖ`vq m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges wÎk~j, Aa©m~wP, e¨vMÖn, cjøx I KUK|
G‡`i AwaKvskB AeªvþY †mev‡qZ| mshy³ nv‡Zi gy`ªv¸wj n‡”Q: AÄwj, K‡cvZg, KK©Ug, ¯^w¯ÍKg,
fiZbvU¨g n‡”Q ÔAwMœ b„Z¨Õ| gvbe‡`n †h cÂf‚‡Zi mgvnvi Zvi †`vjv, cy®úcyUg, Drm½g, wkewj½g, KUK-ea©bg, KZ©vwi-¯^w¯ÍKg,
GKwU n‡”Q †ZR| fvi‡Zi Ab¨ b„Z¨aviv¸‡jv n‡”Q Iwowk (Rjxq kvKZg, k•L, Pµg, cvkv, wKjK, m¤úyU, grm¨, Kzg©, eivn, Miæo,
Dcv`vb), †gvwnbxAvÆg (evqy Dcv`vb), KzwPcywo (wÿwZ) I K_vKwj bvMeÜg, KUf I †eiæ›`v|
(†e¨vg)| †mKvi‡Y fiZbvU¨‡g AwMœwkLvi gy`ªv †`Lv hvq| KwZcq
e¨wZµg Qvov cweÎ a¨v‡bi HwZn¨ Ôb„Z¨‡hvMÕ wn‡m‡e mgKvjxb gvbmx †PŠayix Abyev`K, ms¯‹…wZKg©x
fiZbvU¨‡gi PP©v AwZ mvgvb¨B †`Lv hvq|
fiZbvU¨g g~jZ GKKb„Z¨Ñ jvm¨ I Avb›`ZvÊe `yÕwU
Awfe¨w³B wkíx dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb|
†`ng‡a¨ wek¦eªþv‡Êi Dcjwäi †PZbv †_‡K fiZbvU¨‡gi
DrcwË| ˆKwkKx ixwZ‡Z fiZbvU¨‡gi wKQz K…r‡KŠkj hy³ n‡q‡Q|
bvU¨kv‡¯¿ ejv n‡q‡Q: fMevb wk‡ei bxjK‡É Avwg ˆKwkKx iƒc
†`‡LwQ| g„`y A½nil, im I fve Gi we¯—…Z cÖKvk Avi wµqv Gi
AvZ¥v| Abycg †mŠ›`h© Gi A½vfiY Avi k„½vi Gi wfwË| †Kvb
cyiæ‡li c‡ÿ me fv‡ei we¯—…Z cÖKvk m¤¢e bq| bvix e¨ZxZ †KD
Gi h_v_© PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ˆKwkKx QvovI fiZbvU¨‡gi Av‡iv iƒc
Av‡Q| wP`v¤^i‡gi evNÖc` I cZÄwj bv‡g `yB mbœ¨vmx bUivR wk‡ei
Avb›`ZvÊe cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ‡jb|
ga¨hy‡M ¯’vbxq ivRviv †`e`vmx‡`i Zv‡`i `iev‡i wb‡q †h‡Zb
b„Z¨ Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨| G‡`i ejv nZ ivRbZ©Kx| †`e`vmxiv †`eZvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ b„Z¨cwi‡ekb KiZ, G b„Z¨ wQj Bó‡`eZvi D‡Ï‡k Zv‡`i
AšÍ‡ii wb‡e`b wKš‘ ivRbZ©Kxiv Zv‡`i bv‡P wb‡q Gj we‡bv`b|
fiZbvU¨‡gi KiY‰kjxi gZ bvU¨kv¯¿wfwËK gvM© Dcv`vb µ‡g
†`wkKi‡Y iƒcvšÍwiZ nj, c‡i †`wkKiY nj Avoey| Avoey nj †`wk
we‡bv`b|
Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Zv‡Ävi Nivbvi PvifvB wPbœvqv, cvwbœqv, wkevb›`g
I ewo‡ejy fiZbvU¨g I msMx‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡Lb Ges
eZ©gv‡bi cwi‡ekb-Dc‡hvMx AvKvi `vb K‡ib| `wÿ‡Y wn›`y ivR‡Z¡i
Aemv‡b fiZbvU¨‡gi ˆ`b¨`kv ïiæ nq; Dˇi gymwjg kvmb cÖwZôvi
ci fiZbvU¨g m¤ú~Y© wejyß n‡q hvq| †lvo‡kvcvPvig-Gi Ab¨Zg
cweÎ DcvPvi b„‡Z¨i cwie‡Z© Pvj DrmM© cÖPj nq|
AvaywbKKv‡j fiZbvU¨‡gi mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w× I RbwcÖq
Kivi †ÿ‡Î B K…ò Avqv‡ii f‚wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| cwðgvwe‡k¦ hš¿vbyl‡½
fiZbvU¨g cwi‡ekb K‡ib iæw²Yx †`ex AiæY‡Wj| cuvobvjøyi ixwZi
Ici wZb eQi covïbvi ci iæw²Yx †`ex 1936 mv‡j gv`ªv‡Ri
DcK‡É Kjv‡ÿÎ bv‡g fviZxq msMxZ wkí I fiZbvU¨g PP©vi GKwU
cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| GKK cwi‡ekbvi cwie‡Z© wZwb fiZbvU¨‡g

7
 `v½v mnmª fviZe‡l© †h KÕRb ÿYRb¥v gnvcyyiæl mvivwe‡k¦ mycwiwPZ
Ges ¸YxRb‡`i kª×vfvRb Zvi g‡a¨ gnvZ¥v MvÜxi
gvby‡li Rxeb (1869-1948 wLª.) bvg wbtm‡›`‡n cÖ_g| wZwb wQ‡jb
†K‡o wbj| ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi exi †mbvbx, wek¦‡cÖ‡gi AMÖ`~Z Ges
AviI mnmªvwaK Awnsm bxwZi cÖeZ©K| gnvZ¥v MvÜxB m¤¢eZ cÖ_g e¨w³
whwb gvbeRvwZi Kj¨v‡Yi Awnsm j‡ÿ¨ †hvM K‡ib
wb‡LuvR nj| BwZevPK Dcv`vb| `wÿY Avwd«Kvi eY©ev`x miKvi Ges
Lei †c‡q fvi‡Z weªwUk mvgªvR¨ev`Ñ gvbeZvwe‡ivax G `yB cÖej
gnvZ¥v MvÜxi kvwšÍ wgk‡bi kÎæi weiæ‡× gnvZ¥v MvÜx Zvi Awnsm gvbe Kj¨v‡Yi
bxwZ‡K nvwZqviiƒ‡c cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| GUv AšÍtmvinxb

kvwšÍi Rb¨ AMÖ`~Z n‡q

†bvqvLvjx‡Z Qz‡U
G‡jb Amn‡hvM
Rbwn‰ZlYv wQj bv, wQj bv wbw`©ó e„Ëve× Rb‡mev| Avevi
gnvZ¥v MvÜx wecøex wQ‡jb bvÑ wecø‡e wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv|
wZwb wQ‡jb weeZ©bev`x, G weeZ©bev‡` †bvqvLvjx wgkb

c`hvÎv
GK hyMvšÍKvix NUbv|
I Awnsm gnvZ¥v MvÜxi cy‡iv bvg †gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜx|
wcZv KigPuv` ev Kvev MvÜx wQ‡jb ¯’vbxq ivRmfvi m`m¨|
Av‡›`vj‡bi gv‡qi bvg cyZjxevC| 1869 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei ¸Riv‡Ui
G †K Gg wM qv m D wÏ b cy‡ivav gnvZ¥v †cvie›`‡i GK wbivwgl‡fvRx, iÿYkxj ga¨weË wn›`y
gv n& gy ` MvÜx| cwiev‡i Zvi Rb¥| gvÎ 13 eQi eq‡m K¯ÍyixevC‡qi m‡½
wZwb weevnm~‡Î Ave× nb| gnvZ¥v MvÜx †`‡k †jLvcov
†kl K‡i AvBbkv‡¯¿ Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ 1888 mv‡j we‡jZ
hvb| 1891 mv‡j e¨vwi÷vwi cvk K‡i †`‡k wd‡i MvÜxRx
gy¤^B kn‡i AvBb e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| `yÕeQi ci ÔAvãyjøvn

†PŠgynbx †ij‡÷k‡b MvÜxRxÑ evB‡i A‡cÿgvb nvRvi nvRvi bibvix

8
GÛ †Kv¤úvwbÕi e¨emvwqK gvgjvq wZwb `wÿY Avwd«Kv hvb| bvivqYcyi, ivg‡`ecyi. `kNwiqv Ny‡i Avevi ivg‡`ecy‡i hvb|
GLv‡bB MvÜxRxi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi m~Pbv N‡U| 1915 mv‡j GLvb †_‡K 17 Rvbyqvwi wZwb hvb ci‡KvUÑ †mLv‡b P›`ªKzgvi
`wÿY Avwd«Kv †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i wZwb Ks‡MÖ‡mi weªwUkwe‡ivax kx‡ji m‡½ _v‡Kb| Zvici gwnjv‡`i GK mfvq Dcw¯’Z nb|
wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~wPi cÖwZ mg_©b`v‡bi gva¨‡g ivRbxwZ‡Z 18 Rvbyqvwi wZwb ci‡KvU, e`j‡KvU Ny‡i †eovb| 24 Rvbyqvwi
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvi ivRbxwZi g~j `k©b wQj Awnsm bxwZ| wZwb `ëv †_‡K gyivBb hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb gvIjvbv nvweeyjøvi m‡½
1922 mv‡ji 8 †deªæqvwi fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki †PŠwi‡PŠivq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| 25 Rvbyqvwi gyivBb †_‡K hvb nxivcyi| GLvb
D‡ËwRZ RbZv MvÜxRxi Awnsm bxwZi wecix‡Z wnsmvi Avkªq †_‡K 26 Rvbyqvwi hvb evbmv| 27 Rvbyqvwi evbmv †_‡K hvb cvjøv|
wb‡q K‡qKRb cywjk nZ¨v K‡i| Gmgq mviv fvi‡Z MvÜxi Wv‡K †mLv‡b wZwb RMØÜz kx‡ji m‡½ Ae¯’vb K‡ib| 28 Rvbyqvwi cvjøv
we‡`kx cY¨ eR©b Av‡›`vjb Af~Zc~e© mvov RvMvq| wKš‘ D‡ËwRZ †_‡K cuvPMuvI hvb| m‡½ wQ‡jb fiZP›`ª PµeZ©x| Gfv‡e Nyi‡Z
RbZvi nv‡Z cywjk wba‡bi cÖwZev‡` wZwb Av‡›`vjb eÜ K‡i Nyi‡Z 1947 mv‡ji 29 Rvbyqvwi MvÜxRx RqvM MÖv‡g G‡m †cuŠ‡Qb|
†`b| 1941 mv‡j MvÜxRx P‡j Av‡mb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b| Kwe¸iæ IBw`bB †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi cÖ_g e¨vwi÷vi RqvM MÖv‡gi K…ZxmšÍvb
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii m‡½ wQj Zuvi AvšÍwiK m¤úK©| †ngšÍKzgvi †Nvl Zuvi Rwg`vixi ¯’vei-A¯’vei me m¤úwË gnvZ¥v
1945 mv‡j wek¦hy× †kl nj| hy×wech©¯Í Bsj¨vÛevmx‡`i MvÜx‡K `vb K‡ib| G GjvKvi Dbœqb Z_v RvwZ-ag©-eY©wbwe©‡k‡l
eyS‡Z †Kvb Amyweav nj bv †h, fviZxq‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mvwe©K Dbœq‡b cÖwZwôZ nq MvÜx Avkªg| 30
†Kvbfv‡eB Avi †VwK‡q ivLv hv‡e bv| 1946 mv‡j †`‡k wn›`y- Rvbyqvwi Rqv‡M wZwb GKwU eywbqvw` we`¨vj‡qi D‡Øvab K‡ib|
gymwjg we‡f` µgkB cÖej n‡q DVj| fviZe‡l© ïiæ nj fqven eZ©gv‡b GwU MvÜx †g‡gvwiqvj gva¨wgK we`¨vjq bv‡g cwiwPZ|
mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v| `v½vi ciciB GKwU kvwšÍ wgkb wb‡q b‡f¤^i RqvM MÖvg cwi`k©b †k‡l AvgwK Mªv‡g wM‡q _v‡Kb MvÜxRx|
gv‡mB †bvqvLvjx‡Z G‡m †cuŠ‡Qb gnvZ¥v MvÜx| G msKUgq gyn~‡Z© 31 RvbyqvwiI wZwb AvgwK Ges beMÖvg Ny‡i †eovb| 1 †deªæqvwi
1947 mv‡j fviZel© ¯^vaxb nj| w`wjøi gymjgvbiv wbivcËvnxbZvq beMÖvg, Avwgkvcvov Ny‡i †eovb Ges gwnjv‡`i m‡½ mfv K‡ib| G
fyMwQj| 1948 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi MvÜxRx Abkb ïiæ Ki‡jb mgq Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb K…ò‡gvnb P‡Ævcva¨vq| 2 †deªæqvwiI Avevi
fviZxq gymjgv‡bi wbivcËvi Rb¨| AZtci mKj gn‡ji mw¤§wjZ Awgkvcvov Ges `kNwiqv Ny‡i †eovb| 3 †deªæqvwi h‡kv`v cvj‡K
Aby‡iv‡a 18 Rvbyqvwi wZwb Abkb f½ K‡ib| GeQ‡iiB 30 m‡½ wb‡q wZwb `kNwiqv Ges mvayiwLj hvb Ges 4 †deªæqvwi
Rvbyqvwi mܨvKvjxb cÖv_©bvmfvq bv_yivg MW&‡m bv‡g GK AvZZvqxi mvayiwL‡j _v‡Kb| GLvb †_‡K wZwb 5 †deªæqvwi kªxbMi Ny‡i †eovb
¸wj‡Z gnvZ¥vi RxebcÖ`xc wb‡f hvq| Ges P›`ªKzgvi e¨vcvixi evwo‡Z _v‡Kb| 6 †deªæqvwi kªxbMi †_‡K
fviZ wefw³i Rb¨ gymwjg wjM †h WvB‡i± A¨vKk‡bi ag©cyi hvb Ges 7 †deªæqvwi ag©cyi †_‡K cÖmv`cy‡i D‡c›`ªbv_
WvK †`q Zvi cÖwZwµqv¯^iƒc 1946 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ KjKvZv gRyg`vi‡K m‡½ wb‡q Ny‡i †eovb| 8 †deªæqvwi mKv‡j cÖmv`cyi
gq`v‡b GK wekvj MYRgv‡qZ AbywôZ nq| 1946-G fvi‡Zi MÖv‡g Ny‡i †mB w`bB b›`x MÖv‡g hvb| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g wZwb
evsjv cÖ‡`k kvmb KiZ gymwjg wjM, hvi cÖavb wQ‡jb †nv‡mb †bvqvLvjxi wewfbœ MÖvg Ny‡i †eovb Ges gvby‡li gv‡S Awnsmvi evZ©v
knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| Ab¨w`‡K ivRavbx KjKvZvi cÖavb wQ‡jb †cuv‡Q †`b|
†gqi Gm.Gg Dmgvb| MYRgv‡q‡Zi ci gymwjg wj‡Mi D‡ËwRZ 1946 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i gnvZ¥v MvÜx †bvqvLvjxi `v½vcxwoZ
mg_©Kiv knigq Qwo‡q co‡j mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v ïiæ nq| G `v½v GjvKvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖxwZ ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb| wn›`y-
`yÕw`b ch©šÍ ¯’vqx wQj| G `yÕw`b cywjk‡K Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ †h fvB-fvB m¤úK© wQj, †m m¤úK© Avevi M‡o
Ki‡Z bv †`qvi Rb¨ †mvnivIqv`©x Ges Dmgvb‡K Awfhy³ Kiv Zzj‡Z Ges ZLbKvi gvigyLx wnsmv I we‡Ø‡li cwi‡ek e`‡j kvwšÍ
nq| weªwUk fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m G nZ¨vKvʇK Ô†MÖU K¨vjKvUv wKwjsÕ I †cÖ‡gi cwi‡ek cybtcÖwZôvi Rb¨B Zuvi G kvwšÍhvÎv| †bvqvLvjxi
bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| G‡Z wecyjmsL¨K gymjgvb Ges wn›`y MÖv‡g MÖv‡g c`hvÎvKv‡j MvÜxRx cÖvqB ej‡Zb, Avwg GLv‡b
wbnZ nq| gymwjg wjM mg_©Kiv cybe©vi `v½vi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bq Avcbv‡`i eÜz I †meK wn‡m‡e G‡mwQ| wZwb wb‡R Awnsmvi mvabv
gymwjgAay¨wlZ e½cÖ‡`‡ki †bvqvLvjx‡K, †h cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j wn›`y Ki‡jI wnsmvq Db¥Ë c„w_ex Zvi AwnsmbxwZi Ici evisevi cÖPÊ
wQj msL¨vjNy| 10 A‡±vei 1946 mvj| `yM©vc~Rvi c‡ii c~wY©gvq AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q |
†mw`b wQj Sjg‡j †RvrmœvivZ| iv‡Zi ¯^vfvweK wb¯ÍäZv †f‡O gnvZ¥v MvÜx wQ‡jb mv¤úª`vwqK m¤cÖxwZi AMÖ`~Z| wZwb
nVvrB ïiæ nj wbôzi `v½v, hv wZb mßvn ¯’vqx wQj| `v½v mnmª Av`k©ev`x Kg©exiÑ mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvbeZvev`x e¨w³Z¡| †bvqvLvjx
gvby‡li Rxeb †K‡o wbj| AviI mnmªvwaK wb‡LuvR nj| Lei kvwšÍhvÎvq wZwb gvbe‡cÖ‡gi †h `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Zv Kv‡ji
†c‡q kvwšÍ wgk‡bi AMÖ`~Z n‡q †bvqvLvjx‡Z Qz‡U G‡jb Amn‡hvM hvÎvq A¤øvb n‡q _vK‡e|
I Awnsm Av‡›`vj‡bi cy‡ivav gnvZ¥v MvÜx| fvB‡q fvB‡q wgjb
NUv‡Z e×cwiKi MvÜxRx wn›`y-gymjgvb wbwe©‡k‡l mevi `yqv‡i Kov G†KGg wMqvmDwÏb gvn&gy` cÖvewÜK, mgvR‡meK
bvo‡jb| Awnsm, bxwZcivqY mZ¨vkªqx Ges gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvi
cw_K…r gnvZ¥vi kvwšÍ cwiKíbv nj mvdj¨gwÊZ nj|
gnvZ¥v MvÜx 1946 mv‡ji 7 b‡f¤^i †PŠgynbx †ijI‡q
†÷k‡b cv iv‡Lb| †bvqvLvjxi gvwU‡Z GUv MvÜxRxi cÖ_g
c`vc©Y| †bvqvLvjxi ZrKvjxb GgGjG nvivbP›`ª †PŠayixi D‡`¨v‡M
†PŠgynbx‡Z cÖ_g Rbmfvq MvÜxRx e³…Zv K‡ib| Zvici †Mvcxev‡M
hvb| †mLv‡b aŸsmvZ¥K Kvh©Kjvc cÖZ¨ÿ K‡ib, Zvici `Ëcvovq
hvb| †mLv‡b cÖv_©bv K‡ib| cÖv_©bvmfvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †ewki
fvMB wQ‡jb gymjgvb| 10 b‡f¤^i `Ëcvov †_‡K †PŠgynbx Av‡mb|
GLv‡b wZwb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| Avevi 13 Rvbyqvwi (1947)
Kicvov Ges mvnvcyi MÖv‡g hvb Ges 14 Rvbyqvwi mvnvcy‡i Ae¯’vb
K‡ib| 15 Rvbyqvwi fvwUqvjcyi I bvivqYcy‡i hvb| GLv‡b ev`kv
wgqv Avwgb Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb| cybivq †MvcxevM hvb| 16 Rvbyqvwi

9
 1948 mv‡ji 30
Rvbyqvwi w`wjø‡Z
mvܨKvjxb cÖv_©bv mfvq
bv_yivg MW&‡m bv‡g GK
w`K&åvšÍ Ziæ‡Yi ¸wj‡Z
MvÜxRx wbnZ nb|

Ki‡Zb Awnsm kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖK…Z ivóªxq ÿgZv

mvaviY gvby‡li Avq‡Z¡ Avbv m¤¢e|
ivóª cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î gnvZ¥v MvÜx MYZ‡š¿ wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| Z‡e Zuvi MYZš¿ GKvšÍB Zuvi wbR¯^| 18 eQi
eq¯‹ bvMwi‡Ki †fvU`v‡bi AwaKvi, cÂv‡qZ MVb,
iv‡óªi Dbœqb I wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© wZwb †ek wKQz bZzb cÖ¯Íve
K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi fveavivmgwó‡K ÔMvÜxev`Õ AvL¨v †`qv
nq|
fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z MvÜxRx wQ‡jb fviZxq Ks‡MÖm
†bZv‡`i AwffveK, civgk©`vZv, kvwšÍ I †mŠnv‡`©i
cÖZxK| wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖwZ iÿvi
Rb¨ wZwb ARxeb †Póv Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb| GKB D‡Ï‡k
GKmgq wZwb †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½I hy³ nb|
1948 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi w`wjø‡Z mvܨKvjxb cÖv_©bv
mfvq bv_yivg MW&‡m bv‡g GK w`K&åvšÍ Ziæ‡Yi ¸wj‡Z
MvÜxRx wbnZ nb| Bs‡iwR, ¸RivwU I wnw›` fvlvq iwPZ
Zuvi hveZxq iPbv cieZ©xKv‡j Bs‡iwR, evsjv, divwmmn
c„w_exi bvbv fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
gvwK©b gvbevwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖe³v gvwU©b jy_vi
wKs gnvZ¥ MvÜx m¤ú‡K© e‡jwQ‡jb, whïwLª÷ gvbeü`‡q
†cÖiYv I B”Qv kw³gvb K‡i‡Qb Avi MvÜx Zuvi cÖYvjx iPbv
†gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜx K‡iwQ‡jb|
UvBg g¨vMvwRb 1930-Gi †miv gvbyl wn‡m‡e

Avgvi RxebB
MvÜxRx‡K †e‡Q †bq| 2000 mv‡j GKB cwÎKvi kZvãxi
†miv e¨w³‡Z¡i ZvwjKvq MvÜxRx i‡q‡Qb wØZxq ¯’v‡b|
cÖ_g ¯’v‡b Av‡Qb weÁvbx‡kªô AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb| gnvZ¥v
MvÜxi g„Zz¨i ci AvBb÷vBb m‡L‡` e‡jwQ‡j, ÔcÖR‡b¥i ci

Avgvi evYx cÖRb¥ P‡j hv‡e, Zey wek¦vm Ki‡Z Kó n‡e Ggb GKRb
i³-gvs‡mi gvbyl G c„w_ex‡Z GK`v †nu‡U-P‡j †eov‡Zb|Õ
Zvi msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi gnËg Aa¨vq Ô†bvqvLvjx
kvwšÍ wgkbÕ| 7 b‡f¤^i 1946 †_‡K 3 gvP© 1947 ch©šÍ
ivRbxwZ‡Z Awnsm Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖe³v fvi‡Zi RvwZi
wcZv ÔgnvZ¥vÕiƒ‡c mgwaK cwiwPZ †gvnb`vm KigPuv` †bvqvLvjx-Puv`cy‡ii `v½vweaŸ¯Í A‡j Zvi Kg©hÁ
MvÜxi Rb¥ 1869 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei ¸Riv‡Ui †cvie›`‡i| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m `„óvšÍ n‡q _vK‡e| hLb †Kvbµ‡gB
wcZv KigPuv` ev Kvev MvÜx wQ‡jb ¸RivU ivRmfvi †`kfvM †VKv‡Z cvi‡jb bv, eis `yiwfmwÜg~jKfv‡e
m`m¨| gvZv cyZjxevC wQ‡jb ag©fxiæ AvPviwbô gwnjv| evsjvq I cÄv‡e Pvwc‡q †`qv nj mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v, ZLb
†`‡k cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i †gvnb`vm AvBb covi Awfgvbf‡i wZwb P‡j G‡jb evsjvi `v½vweaŸ¯Í Rbc‡`,
Rb¨ we‡jZ hvb| †mLv‡b GK wbivwglvkx mwgwZi mf¨ ej‡jb GLv‡bB Zvi cÖ‡qvRb †ewk| Gmgq (5 †m‡Þ¤^i
1915 mv‡j nb Ges MxZv evB‡ej †KviAvbmn wewfbœ ag©MÖš’ cv‡Vi 1947) KjKvZvq Zuvi GK f³ A‡UvMÖvd PvB‡j wZwb
gva¨‡g ag©vbykxj‡b cÖe„Ë nb| 1891 mv‡j e¨vwi÷vwi Bs‡iwR I evsjvq ÔMy Life is My Message: Avgvi
`wÿY Awd«Kv cvk K‡i †`‡k wd‡i ZiæY †gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜx gy¤^B RxebB Avgvi evYxÕ wj‡L Zuvi bvg ¯^vÿi K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|
†_‡K †`‡k wd‡i kn‡i AvBb e¨emv‡q AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| `yÕeQi ci Ô`v`v AZx‡Zi †h †Kvb mg‡qi PvB‡Z AvR MvÜxRxi evYx
Ave`yjøv GÊ †Kv¤úvwbÕi e¨emvq msµvšÍ gvgjvi Kv‡R wZwb AwaK Riæwi| KviY c„w_exi me RvwZB AvR msNvZ,
wZwb Ks‡MÖ‡mi `wÿY Avwd«Kv hvb| †mLv‡b emevmiZ fviZxq‡`i bvMwiK mwnsmZv Avi mš¿v‡mi ûgwKi gy‡L| gvbeg‡b hZw`b
weªwUkwe‡ivax AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Zvi mwnsmZvi nvZQvwb _vK‡e, MvÜxRxi Awnsmvi evYxI
ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi m~ÎcvZ| 1915 mv‡j `wÿY Awd«Kv ZZw`b Avgv‡`i ü`‡q Kov bvo‡e|
Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖwZ
†_‡K †`‡k wd‡i wZwb Ks‡MÖ‡mi weªwUkwe‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Êi gnvZ¥ MvÜxi evYx ïay fvi‡Zi Rb¨ bq, Kx wZwb
mg_©b Rvwb‡q cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q ivRbxwZ‡Z AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| MvÜxi †h mg‡q †eu‡PwQ‡jb †m mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, Zuvi
ivRbxwZ‡Z ivR‰bwZK Av`k© I Kg©bxwZi g~j K_v wQj Awnsmv| kZ evYx fvjevmv I kvwšÍi evYx, Awnsmvi evYx, mZ¨vMÖ‡ni
AbvPvi-AwePvi, `gb-cxob m‡Ë¡I Av‡›`vjbKvixiv wnsmvi evYx, mKj gvby‡li mgZvi evYx, mKj a‡g©i m¤cÖxwZi
AvZ¥wb‡qvM c‡_ cv evov‡e bv, G‡Z wec‡ÿi g‡b KiæYv RvMÖZ n‡e evYx, me©Rbxb evYx, me©Kv‡ji evYxÑ mKj mgvR I mKj
K‡ib| GB wQj ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi AwnsmbxwZi g~j K_v| wZwb g‡b gvby‡li Rb¨|

10
 `yM©vc~Rv ev `y‡M©vrme †`ex `yM©vi
Avivabv‡K †K›`ª K‡i AbywôZ
evOvwj wn›`ym¤cÖ`v‡qi e„nËg
ag©xq I mvgvwRK Drme| kv¯¿xq
weav‡b Avwk¦b gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶
Ges ˆPÎgv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶ `y‡M©vrme
cvwjZ nq| ˆPÎ A_©vr emš—Kv‡ji
`yM©vc~Rv evmš—x `yM©vc~Rv I Avwk¦b
A_©vr kirKv‡ji `yM©vc~Rv kvi`xqv
`yM©vc~Rv bv‡g cwiwPZ| evsjvq
kvi`xqv `yM©vc~Rv AwaK RbwcÖq|
hw`I A‡bK cwiev‡i evmš—x
`y‡M©vrme cvj‡bi cÖ_vI eZ©gvb|
`yM©vc~Rv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
GKvwaK iv‡óª cvwjZ n‡jI GwU
we‡klK‡i evOvwj‡`i Drme wnmv‡e
wPwýZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`k,
cwðge½ I wÎcyivq G Drm‡ei
RuvKRgK me©vwaK| eZ©gvbKv‡j
cvðvZ¨, ga¨cvP¨ I `w¶Y-c~e©
Gwkqvi †hme †`‡k cwðge‡½i
evOvwjiv Kg©m~‡Î Ae¯’vb K‡ib,
†mLv‡bI gnvmgv‡iv‡n `y‡M©vrme
Av‡qvwRZ n‡q _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y
mvivwe‡k¦B eZ©gv‡b evsjvi Ab¨Zg
cÖZxK n‡q D‡V‡Q `y‡M©vrme|
mvaviYZ Avwk¦b ïK¬c‡¶i
lô w`b A_©vr lôx †_‡K `kg
w`b A_©vr `kgx Aewa cuvPw`b
`y‡M©vrme AbywôZ nq| G cuvPwU
w`b h_vµ‡g `yM©vlôx, gnvmßgx,
gnvAógx gnvbegx I weRqv
`kgx bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avevi
iƒ‡c I bvg-ˆewP‡Î¨ mgMÖc¶wU Ô†`exc¶Õ bv‡gI
L¨vZ| †`exc‡¶i m~Pbv nq
`yM©wZbvwkbx c~e©eZ©x Agvem¨vi w`bÑ G w`bwU
ÔgnvjqvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Ab¨w`‡K

†`ex `yM©v †`exc‡¶i mgvwß cÂ`k w`b

A_©vr c~wY©gv †KvRvMix c~wY©gv bv‡g
cwiwPZ I evrmwiK
m i ¯^ Zx iv bx cv j
11
 j²xc~Rvi w`b wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq| `yM©vc~Rv g~jZ cuvPw`‡bi K‡i wkevbx mZx Rb¥vš—‡i ce©ZivR wngvj‡qi Kb¨viƒ‡c
Abyôvb n‡jI gnvjqv †_‡KB cÖK…Z Drm‡ei m~Pbv I Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZw_ ce© Kí‡f‡` wfbœ wfbœfv‡e c~wRZv
†KvRvMix j²xc~Rvq Zvi mgvwß| cwðge‡½i †KvbI †KvbI nb e‡j wZwb cve©Zx bv‡g L¨vZv| †`ex ce©‡Zi Kb¨v, ce©‡Z
cwiev‡i Aek¨ c‡b‡iv w`‡b `y‡M©vrme cvj‡bi cÖ_vI Av‡Q| Avwef~©Zv, ce©‡Zi AwaôvÎxÑ †mRb¨I wZwb cve©Zx bv‡g
weòzcy‡ii cÖvPxb ivRevwo‡Z AvRI G cÖ_v we`¨gvb| cwiwPZv| cÖavbZ ce©ZivR wngvj‡qi Kb¨v e‡jB Dgv ev
`yM©v I `yM©vc~Rv msµvš— Kvwnbx¸wji g‡a¨ me©vwaK †MŠix cyiv‡Y cve©Zx bv‡g cÖwm×v| Dgv I M½v `y&B m‡nv`iv
RbwcÖq I †jvKgvb¨ nj †`exgvnvZ¥¨g-G ewY©Z KvwnbxwU| Ñ wngevb& I †gbvi Kb¨v| Df‡qB wkeRvqv Ges ˆngeZx ev
G MÖ‡š’ `yM©v‡K wb‡q PviwU Kvwnbx cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cve©Zx| †`exi Av‡iKwU iƒc †KŠlKx| wZwb PÊxi †`n‡Kvl
GKwU Kvwnbx `y‡M©vrme cÖPj‡bi Ges Aci wZbwU †`ex `yM©vi †_‡K Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
gvnvZ¥¨KxZ©b msµvš—| ivRv myi_, gay‰KUf, gwnlvmyi Ges
濫-wb¢i Kvwnbx‡Z `yM©vB †K›`ªxq PwiÎ| `yM©vwaôvÎx †`ex`yM©v
eªþvi e‡j ejxqvb cyi“‡li Aea¨ gwnlvmyi bv‡g †`ex Av`¨vkw³ gnvgvqv `yM©v bv‡gB mgwaK cwiwPZv|
Kzgvix †g‡q‡K GK `vbe ¯^M©ivR¨ `Lj Ki‡j ivR¨nviv †`eZviv weòzi ˆZwËixq AviY¨‡K `yM©v MvqÎx `ywM© ev `yM©vi cÖ_g mv¶vr
kiYvcbœ nb| weòzi wb‡`©‡k mKj †`eZvi †ZRtcyÄ †g‡j| Fwl KvZ¨vq‡bi Kb¨v wnmv‡e `yM©vi bvg n‡qwQj
g‡b Kiv nq †_‡K †h †`exi Rb¥ nq wZwbB `yM©v| KvjxwejvmZš¿, KvZ¨vqbx| ˆZwËixq AviY¨‡K `yM©v‡`ex‡K AwMœiƒcv
me©we`¨v¯^iƒwcYx| KvwjKvcyivY, †`exfvMeZ, gnvfvMeZ, e„nbœw›`‡Kk¦icyivY, ZctcÖ¾¡wjZviƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †`exfvMe‡ZI ZvB|
`yM©vfw³Ziw½Yx, `y‡M©vrmewe‡eK, `y‡M©vrmeZË¡ cÖf„wZ MÖ‡š’ †e` cyivY I Z‡š¿ A‰ØZ ZË¡ †`exZ‡Ë¡i g~j cÖwZcv`¨iƒ‡c
Kzgvixc~RvcÖ‡qvM †`ex `yM©v m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q, †`eZv‡`i kw³‡Z kw³gqx ewY©Z| Z‡š¿v³ `kgnvwe`¨vÑ Kvjx, Zviv, †lvokx, fye‡bk¦ix,
cyuw_ †_‡K Ges wewfbœ A‡¯¿ mw¾Zv n‡q GB †`ex hy‡× gwnlvmyi‡K ea ˆfiex, wQbœg¯—v, a~gveZx, eMjv, gvZ½x I Kgjv GKB †`exi
K‡ib| ZvB †`exi GK bvg gwnlgw`©bx| gwnlvmyigw`©bx `kwU iƒc|
Kzgvixc~Rvi cÖwZgv eZ©gv‡b Zvwgjbvo–‡Z cÖPwjZ| K…òhRy‡e©‡`i ˆZwËixq AviY¨‡Ki Aš—M©Z bvivqY
`vk©wbK ZË¡ ÔPÊxÕ †`ex `yM©vi iƒc‡f` Ges Ôkw³Õ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ| Dcwbl‡` Ô`yM©vÕ k‡ãi D‡jøL Av‡Q| hvwÁKv Dcwbl‡` D³
wel‡q Rvbv gvK©‡ÊqcyivY Abymv‡i †`ex PÊx 濫-wb濫 bv‡g `yB `vbe Ô`ywM©Õ kãwUI `yM©v k‡ãi m‡½ Awfbœ| kãKí`ª“‡g D‡jøL
Ges PÊ I gyÊmn AviI A‡bK‡K ea K‡ib| PÊiƒc aviY Av‡QÑ Ô`Õ eY© ˆ`Z¨bvkK, ÔDÕ weNœbvkK, †id& †ivMbvkK,
hvqÑ bvix‡Z K‡i †`ekΓ‡`i ea K‡ib e‡j Zuvi bvg PÊx| eû bv‡g ÔMÕ cvcbvkK, ÔAvÕ Kvi fq I kΓbvkK| A_©vr ˆ`Z¨ weNœ
cigv_© jvf nq| I iƒ‡c PÊx c~wRZ nb| †hgbÑ †`exPÊx, g½jPÊx, RqPÊx, †ivM cvc I fqbvkevPK kã Ô`yM©vÕ| A_ev Ô`yM©Õ kãwU
IjvBPÊx, KzjyBPÊx, †PjvBPÊx cÖf„wZ| gvK©‡Êqcyiv‡Y PÊx ˆ`Z¨evPK Ges ÔAvÕKvi bvkevPK| Ô`yM©Õ bvgK Amyi‡K whwb
wek¦ eªþv‡Ê †h bv‡g GKwU Aa¨vq Av‡Q; †hLv‡b mvZ‡kv †køv‡K Zuvi wewPÎ bvk K‡ib wZwbB wbZ¨ Ô`yM©vÕ bv‡g cÖKxwË©Zv| A_ev Ô`yM©Õ
wÎkw³i e‡j iƒc I gvnvZ¥¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| kãwU wecwËevPK, ÔAvÕKvi bvkevPK| whwb wecËvwiYx Zv‡K
KvwjKvcyiv‡Y eªþvÊ g‡a¨ B¶zmvM‡ii ga¨¯’‡j ÁvbxR‡biv Ô`yM©vÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib| e¨vKi‡Yi wbq‡g
cÖwZwbqZ m„wó, myeY©ch©‡¼ cÖõzwUZ KvÂbc‡Ù Aew¯’Zv †`ex gnvgvqv Ô`yM©vÕ k‡ãi DrcwËÑ <`yi+Mg& (Kg©ev‡P¨)+W (¯¿xwj‡½)
w¯’wZ I jq PZzfy©Rv, KLbI wZwb wØfyRv| G cyivY Abymv‡i †`ex wZbwU Avc& cÖZ¨q K‡i wb®úbœ| kãKí`ª“g Abymv‡i, Ô`yM©s bvkqwZ
m„wó‡Z wZbevi gwnlvmyi ea K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g m„wó‡Z wZwb hv wbZ¨s mv `yM©v ev cÖKxwZ©ZvÕÑA_©vr `yM© bvgK Amyi‡K
wµqv mvwaZ DMÖiƒ‡c, wØZxq m„wó‡Z f`ªKvjxiƒ‡c Ges Z…Zxq m„wó‡Z whwb ea K‡ib wZwbB wbZ¨ `yM©v bv‡g AwfwnZv| kªxkªxPÊx
n‡”Q, †mB wÎwea `yM©viƒ‡c wZwb gwnlvmyinš—x| Abymv‡i GB †`exB Ôwbt‡kl‡`eMYkw³mg~ng~Z©¨vtÕ ev mKj
†KŠwUj¨ Zuvi A_©kv‡¯¿ `yM©g‡a¨ †h me †`eZvi g~wZ© †`eZvi mw¤§wjZ kw³i cÖwZg~wZ©| kªxkªxPÊx‡Z eªþvi Ges
kw³B exRvKv‡i cÖwZôv Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡`i Ab¨Zgv AcivwRZv| †`eZv‡`i ¯—‡e †`exi cwiPq cwiùzU| we‡k¦ †`exiB cÖKvk|
Kzgvix‡Z wbwnZ| †`ex AcivwRZv me©weNœwebvwkbx I me©KvgcÖ`vwqbx| `yM©v wZwbB wek¦, wek¦B wZwb| GB A‰ØZ ZË¡B kªxkªxPÊxi †`exZ‡Ë¡
ZvB Kzgvix ev c~Rvq mKj iKg †`vl I ΓwU `~i Kivi Rb¨ I weRq-Kvgbvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| `yM©v mvabkw³; Ab¨ K_vq mva‡Ki cÖwZiƒc|
GB AcivwRZv c~Rv Ki‡Z nq| weRqv`kgx‡Z c~Rvi ci KvVv‡gvw¯’Z Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZgv †`e‡`ex mva‡Ki mvab mnvqK|
bvix‡Z †`exfve †`ex `yM©vi Awfbœ g~wZ© AcivwRZv c~Rvi wewa-e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| cÖwZgvmg~n Yoga FigureÑ †hvM cÖZxK|
Av‡ivc K‡i G AcivwRZv‡`ex‡K `yM©vi †PŠlwÆ †hvwMbx‡`i Ab¨Zg e‡j †`ex `yM©vi `knvZ `kw`K (c~e©-cwðg-DËi-`w¶Y-
eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| W. msKwjqv Zuvi The University of Ckvb-evqy-AwMœ-ˆbFZ&-EaŸ©t-Aat) i¶v Kivi cÖZxK|
`yM©vc~Rvi m‡½ Nalanda (c„.137-138)-MÖ‡š’ †eŠ×-AcivwRZvi cwiPq `kw`‡Ki †Kvb w`‡Ki AvµgY †hb mvabvq weNœ bv NUvq †mB
G‡K m¤ú„³ w`‡q‡Qb| cÖ‡Póv| Wvb w`‡Ki cuvP nvZ (Dci †_‡K bxP µgvbymv‡i):
RM×vÎx †`ex `yM©vi Av‡iK iƒc| Dcwbl‡` Gui bvg Dgv wÎk~j, LoM, Pµ, evY, kw³| evg w`‡Ki cuvP nvZ (Dci
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ˆngeZx| wewfbœ Zš¿ I cyivY MÖ‡š’I Gui D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| †_‡K bxP µgvbymv‡i): †LUK, aby, cvk, A¼zk, NÈv ev ciï
`yM©vc~Rvq wZb w`b a‡i `yM©v‡`exi †hgb c~Rvbyôvb nq, †`ex RM×vÎxi (KzVvi)| †eŠ×‡`ex gvixwPI `kfyRv| a¨vb I iƒc‡f‡` gvixwPi
†Zgwb GKw`‡bB wZbevi c~Rv Kiv nq| Z‡e RM×vÎxi `yB, Pvi I ev‡iv nv‡ZiI D‡jøL Av‡Q| `yMv©‡`exiI ZvB, Z‡e
mßgx, Aógx Avivabv we‡klZ e½‡`‡kB cÖPwjZ| Avevi cwðge‡½i ûMwj wKQy cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| wZeŸ‡Zi jvgviv †eŠ×-gvixwP‡K m~h©iƒ‡c
Ges begxÑ GB †Rjvi P›`bbMi I bw`qv †Rjvi K…òbM‡ii RM×vÎx Drme Avevnb K‡ib| gvixwPI Avm‡j †mŠi‡`eZv m~h©B, †Kb-bv
RMwØL¨vZ| †`exi Av‡iK bvg †MŠix| †MŠix wMwiivRKb¨v|
wZbw`bB †`ex †MŠix‡K †Kvb †Kvb cyiv‡Y evmy‡`‡ei fMœx e‡j D‡jøL Kiv
m~h©‡`eZvi Avevi Elv †`exi mßvk¦i‡Yi gZ gvixwP‡`exi
i_I mvZwU ïK‡i enb K‡i| evOjv †`‡k †`exi (`yM©vi)
c~Rvq †Kvb n‡q‡Q| GB †MŠixB f`ªKvjx, gnvKvjx, g‡nk¦ix I kªx`yM©v| `kfyRv-g~wZ©i c~Rv nq| `yM©vi wØfyRv, PZzfy©Rv, AófyRv,
Kzgvix evwjKv‡K KvZ¨vqbxZ‡š¿ †`ex KvZ¨vqbx †h †`ex `yM©viB Awfbœ `kfyRv, Øv`kfyRv Ges Aóv`kf~Rv-g~wZ©i K_v Ôgrm¨m~‡³Õ
iƒc †m wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| evgbcyiv‡Y †`exi bvg
bZzb e¯¿ cwiavb Av‡Q| Gme g~wZ©i mg¯—B me †`‡k c~R¨ bq| wewfbœ †`‡k
KvZ¨vqbx| gwnlvmyi wba‡bi Rb¨B †`eZv‡`i †Kvc †_‡K
wewfbœ Avw½‡K Ges iƒ‡c ev ai‡b g~wZ©i c~Rvweavb Av‡Q|
Kwi‡q †`exÁv‡b KvZ¨vqbxi Rb¥| evOjvq `yM©v gwnlvmyigw`©bx iƒ‡c c~wRZv
n‡jI Zuvi KvZ¨vqbx g~wZ©iB c~Rv nq| F‡M¦‡`-ewY©Z evK&m~³, ivwÎm~³ I kªxm~‡³i aviYv
c~Rv Kivi ixwZ| †`ex `yM©vi Av‡iK bvg cve©Zx| KviY `¶h‡Á †`nZ¨vM †cŠivwYKx Ges Zvwš¿Kx cwi‡e‡k ax‡i ax‡i cigvcÖK…wZiƒcv

12
gnvj²x, gnvKvjx I gnvmi¯^Zxiƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQj| ZvQvov cÂ`kerm‡ii Kb¨vi bvg Ô†¶ÎÁvÕ I †lvokel©xqv ÔKzgvixÕ ÔAw¤^KvÕ
gnvkw³i Avi GKwU iƒc I weKvk †`ex Aw¤^Kv| D³ †`exÎq Avm‡j ev ÔAbœ`vÕ|
Ô¸ßiƒwcYx-`yM©vÕ Ges Fwl gvK©‡Êq GB ¸ßiƒwcYx `yM©v‡KB gnvgvqv, µgweKv‡ki c‡_ †`ex aviYvq `yM©v
†hvMgvqv I †hvMwb`ªviƒ‡c eY©bv K‡i‡Qb mßkZxPÊx‡Z| mycÖvPxb hy‡M ïay fvi‡ZB bq, we‡k¦i cÖvq me †`‡k I me RvwZi g‡a¨
evj¥xwKi ms¯‹…Z ivgvq‡Y `yM©v‡`exi AKvj‡evab-Gi †Kvb c~Rv I Avivabvi cÖPjb wQj| c~Rv I Avivabvi A_© cÖav‡bi Kv‡Q
D‡jøL cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e gnvfvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b `yM©vi bvg, ¯—e I AcÖav‡bi, kw³gv‡bi Kv‡Q kw³nxb `ye©‡ji wKsev e„nr kw³i Kv‡Q
†¯—vÎvw`i D‡jøL Av‡Q| fx®§c‡e© ewY©Z Av‡Q, kªxK…ò hy‡×i c~‡e© ARy©b‡K ¶z`ªkw³i AvZ¥wb‡e`b k¼vq I kª×vq| G AvZ¥wb‡e`‡bi iƒc I weKvk
`yM©vi wbKU weRq cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z Dc‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb| gnvfvi‡Zi `yM©v wfbœ-wfbœ| †`ex `yM©vi cÖwZgv m~h©‡`eZv †_‡K KwíZ n‡jI Zuvi wbw`©ó
wQ‡jb K…òeY©v, PZzfy©Rv I PZzivbbv Kzgvix| wZwb wQ‡jb grm¨-gvsm- iƒc I g~wZ©‡Z DcbxZ n‡Z Zv‡K e„¶, h~c, ¯—¤¢, ¯Z~c cÖf„wZi wfZi
cïwcÖqv weܨevwmbx Amyibvwkbx †`ex| weivUc‡e© `yM©vi ¯—‡e `yM©v‡K w`‡q cÖZxK I cÖwZgviƒ‡c Dcw¯’Z n‡Z n‡q‡Q µgweKv‡ki c‡_|
b›`‡MvcKzjRvZv KzgvixI ejv n‡q‡Q Ges ZLbI wZwb wk‡ei cZœx cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hyM †_‡K eZ©gvbKvj ch©š— `yM©vi weeZ©gq weKvk I wewPÎ
(wkeNiYx) nbwb| `yM©v †m mg‡q weܨvP‡ji Awaevmx Abvh©-keiRvwZi iƒ‡ci GKwU BwZnvm Av‡Q|
(hviv njy`-Mv‡Qi cvZv cwiavb K‡i) †`ex wQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y `yM©vi
ÔcY©-ke©ixÕ bvg| A_©vr keiRvwZi cY© (cÎ) cwiwnZv †`ex| `yM©v iƒ‡c I bvg-ˆewP‡Î¨ †`ex `yM©v
weܨceZ©evmx †Mvc ev Avfxi (Avwni ev †Mvqvjv) RvwZiI Kzj‡`ex †`ex `yM©vi bvg‡f‡`i Aš— bvB| GK-GKwU cyiv‡Y `yM©vi wewfbœ bv‡gi
wQ‡jb| wKivZRvwZi †`exI wQ‡jb `yM©v I PÊx| D‡jøL Av‡Q| `yM©vPÊxi ˆewPΨgq eûwea g~wZ© Zš¿-cyiv‡Y KwíZ n‡q‡Q|
†e‡` ˆgÎvqYxmswnZvq Ô`yM©vÕ bvg †bB| †mLv‡b `yM©v wMwii AcZ¨ KLbI †`exg~wZ© j²x-mi¯^Zxi AbyiƒcÑ PZzfy©Rv A¶gvjv, KgÊjy,
Ges †MŠixiƒ‡c ewY©Z n‡q‡Qb| grm¨cyiv‡Y †`ex cve©Zx, Dgv ev `yM©vi iZœKjm, cy¯—K cÖf„wZ avwiYx| †`ex Ô`yM©vÕ bvg †Kb nj Zvi mv_©KZv
Aci iƒc| †mLv‡b `¶ivRvi Kb¨v `yM©v-`‡¶vqYx| KvwjKvcyiv‡Y †`ex †`L‡Z wM‡q KvkxL‡Ê (72A. 71-72 †køv.)| ejv n‡q‡QÑ ÔZ¡s †Mvix
`yM©v ev cve©Zxi bvg ÔAcY©vÕ| gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi 81 †_‡K 93Ñ G †Z‡ivwU Z¡Â mvweÎx Z¡s MvqÎx mi¯^ZxÕ A_©vr †MŠix mvweÎx MvqÎx I mi¯^Zx
Aa¨vq‡K †`exgvnvZ¥¨ ev kªxkªxPÊx bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ `yM©vi iƒc I bvgvš—igvÎ|
nwieskcyiv‡Yi 59Zg I 166Zg Aa¨v‡qI †`ex¯‘wZ Av‡Q| gnvfvi‡Z evOjv‡`‡k kirFZz‡Z `yM©vi Avevnb I AP©bv n‡q _v‡K e‡j
kªxkªxPÊxB kªxkªx`yM©viƒ‡c cwiwPZ| †`exfvMeZ (3/27) I evgbcyiv‡Y †`ex‡K Ôkvi`xqvÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| ZvQvov gwnlgw`©bx, KvZ¨vqbx,
(Aóv`k-Dbwesk Aa¨v‡q) †`exgvnvZ¥¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| kZc_eªvþ‡Y wkevbx, fevbx, gnvgvqv, Av`¨vkw³, PÊx BZ¨vw` bv‡gI †`ex evOjvq
Ô`¶ZbqvÕ bv‡g GK hÁ‡e`xi bv‡gi D‡jøL Av‡Q| F‡M¦‡` H mycwiwPZv I c~wRZv| `yM©vi Avivabv evOjv, Amg Ges wenv‡ii †Kvb
hÁ‡e`x‡KB Ô`¶ZbvÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| Ô`¶ZbqvÕ ev Ô`¶ZbvÕ †`ex `yM©vi †Kvb A‡j cÖPwjZ| fvi‡Zi Ab¨Î `yM©vc~Rv beivÎ Drme iƒ‡c
bvg| D`hvwcZ nq (†`ex fvMe‡Z ivg KZ…©K iveYe‡ai Dcvq wRÁvwmZ n‡q
iveY ivg‡K beivÎ eªZ Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb)| Z‡e †bcvj I cwðg-fvi‡Z
Kzgvix c~Rv `yM©v ÔbeivÎÕ, Kvk¥x‡i ÔA¤^vÕ, ¸R©‡i (¸Riv‡U) Ôwn½jvÕ ev Ôi“`ªvYxÕ,
†`exi Kzgvix bvg eû cÖvPxb| ˆZwËixq AviY¨‡K †`ex‡K Kb¨vKzgvix Kvš^Kz‡â ÔKj¨vYxÕ, `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ ÔAw¤^KvÕ ev ÔA¤^vÕ I wgw_jvq ÔDgvÕ
ejv n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi `w¶Y cÖv‡š— Kb¨vKzgvwiKv bvgK weL¨vZ cx‡V Ges Kb¨vKzgvwiKv cÖ‡`‡k ÔKb¨vKzgvixÕ bv‡g c~wRZv I AwfwnZv n‡q
†`exi Kb¨vKzgvix weMÖn †`exi Kzgvix bv‡gi mv_©KZv cÖwZcv`b K‡i| _v‡Kb| G †_‡K †evSv hvq, gnvgvqvi (`yM©vi) c~Rv †h ïay evOjv‡`‡kB
wLª÷xq cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z wjwLZ Periplus of the Erythraean Sea MÖ‡š’ AbywôZ nq Zv bq, fvi‡Zi me©ÎB wfbœ wfbœ bv‡g wZwb c~Rv I kª×vÄwj
KzgvwiKv Aš—ix‡c Kb¨v-Kzgvix †`exi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| Kzgvix †g‡q‡K †c‡q _v‡Kb|
g‡b Kiv nq me©we`¨v¯^iƒwcYx| Kzgvixc~RvcÖ‡qvM cyuw_ †_‡K Kzgvixc~Rvi
kirKvjxb `y‡M©vrme
`vk©wbK ZË¡ wel‡q Rvbv hvqÑ bvix‡Z cigv_© jvf nq| wek¦ eªþv‡Ê
myi_ ivRv I mgvwa ˆek¨ †`exi g„b¥qx cÖwZgv M‡o c~Rv K‡iwQ‡jb|
†h wÎkw³i e‡j cÖwZwbqZ m„wó, w¯’wZ I jq wµqv mvwaZ n‡”Q, †mB
gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi GB weeiY Abymv‡iB gwnlvmyigw`©bx `yM©vi g~wZ© wbwg©Z I
wÎwea kw³B exRvKv‡i Kzgvix‡Z wbwnZ| ZvB Kzgvix ev bvix‡Z †`exfve
c~wRZ nq| GB cyiv‡YB kirKv‡j PÊxi c~Rvi D‡jøL i‡q‡QÑ ÔkirKv‡j
Av‡ivc K‡i `yM©vc~Rvi m‡½ G‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| `yM©vc~Rvq mßgx,
gnvc~Rv wµq‡Z hv P evwl©KxÕ| lôx‡Z †`exi lô¨vw`Kí A_©vr Avevnb,
Aógx Ges begxÑ GB wZbw`bB †`ex c~Rvq †Kvb Kzgvix evwjKv‡K bZzb
†evab, Avgš¿Y, Awaevm cÖf„wZi Abyôvb n‡q _v‡K| kv¯¿g‡Z, †`exi
e¯¿ cwiavb Kwi‡q †`exÁv‡b c~Rv Kivi ixwZ| e„n×g©cyiv‡Y (c~e©LÊ,
†evab nq wej¦e„¶ ev wej¦kvLvq| K`jx e„¶mn AvUwU Dw™¢` Ges †Rvov
21/62) †`eZv‡`i ¯—‡e cÖxZv n‡q †`ex PwÊKv Kzgvix Kb¨viƒ‡c †`eZv‡`i
†ej GKÎ †eu‡a kvwo cwi‡q eayi AvK…wZ w`‡q †`exi cv‡k ¯’vcb Kiv
m¤§y‡L Avwef~©Zv n‡q wej¦e„‡¶ †`exi †evab Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| †`excyivY
nq| G Dw™¢` mgš^q‡K becwÎKv, cÖPwjZ fvlvq ÔKjv‡eŠÕ ejv n‡q
g‡Z, †`exc~Rvi ci Dchy³ DcvPv‡i Kzgvix‡`i †fvR‡b Z…ß Ki‡Z
_v‡K| mßgx †_‡K begx ch©š— cÖwZgvq †`exi AP©bv Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
nq| Aciw`‡K Zvwš¿K g‡Z, Kzgvix †`exi cÖZxK; `yM©vc~Rvi A½iƒ‡c
Aógx‡Z we‡kl AbyôvbÑ gnvAógx I Kzgvixc~Rv (†`excyivY Abymv‡i
Kzgvix c~Rvi D™¢e nq †Kvjvmyi‡K ea Kivi ci †_‡K| Kzgvixc~Rvi
†`exi wcÖq wZw_ Aógx) Ges begx wZw_i mw܇Z AvUPwjøk wgwb‡U †`exi
cÖvavb¨ †_‡KB evOjv‡`‡k Ô†MŠix`vbÕ cÖ_v cÖPwjZ n‡qwQj e‡j A‡b‡K
we‡kl mwÜc~Rv| begx‡Z †nvghv‡Mi Øviv c~Rvi c~Y©vûwZ Ges mwÜ I
g‡b K‡ib| †hvwMbxZš¿, KzjvY©eZš¿, †`excyivY, †¯—vÎ, KeP, mnmªbvg,
Aa©ivwÎ c~Rvq gwnl, †gl I QvM ewj †`Iqvi ixwZ| `kgx wZw_‡Z nq
Zš¿mvi, cÖvY‡ZvwlYx, cy‡ivwnZ`c©Y cÖf„wZ MÖ‡š’ Kzgvix c~Rvi c×wZ I
†`ex cÖwZgvi wemR©b| G w`‡b DËi-fvi‡Zi cÖvq me©Î ive‡Yi cyËwjKv
gvnvZ¥¨ wek`fv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G c~Rvq †Kvb RvwZ ag© ev eY©‡f` †bB|
`vn Kiv nq I ivgjxjv Mvb Kiv nq| cÖPwjZ wek¦vm Abymv‡i, G w`‡b
†`exÁv‡b †h-†Kvb KzgvixB c~Rbxq, GgbwK †ek¨vKzjRvZ KzgvixI! Z‡e
ivgP›`ª KZ…©K iveY wbnZ n‡qwQj| `kgx‡Z †`exi wemR©‡bi w`‡b
mvaviYZ eªvþY Kzgvix Kb¨vi c~RvB mgwaK cÖPwjZ| GK †_‡K †lvj
AcivwRZv c~Rv, wmw×cvb I cvi¯úwiK cÖxwZ m¤¢vlY, Avwj½b, cÖYvg
eQ‡ii evwjKviv FZzgZx bv nIqv ch©š— Kzgvixiƒ‡c c~wRZ nIqvi †hvM¨|
cÖf„wZ Øviv g‡bvgvwjb¨ `~i K‡i †mŠnv`© I Avš—wiKZv cÖwZôvi ixwZ|
GK GK elx©qv Kzgvix‡`i GK GK bvg| GKeQ‡ii Kb¨vi bvg ÔmܨvÕ,
Gfv‡e ˆew`K, †cŠivwYK, Zvwš¿K, †jŠwKK wewPÎ ixwZ-c×wZ `yM©vc~Rvq
wØel©v Kb¨v Ômi¯^ZxÕ, wZbeQ‡ii ÔwÎavg~wZ©Õ, PZziel©v ÔKvwjKvÕ, cÂel©v
mw¤§wjZ n‡q G‡K evOvwji me©Rbxb Drm‡e cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| bZzb e¯¿
ÔmyfMvÕ, loel©v ÔDgvÕ, mßel©v ÔgvwjbxÕ, Aóel©v ÔKzwâKvÕ, begel©xqv
cwiavb c~Rvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨|
Kb¨vi bvg ÔKvjm›`Z©vÕ, `kgel©xqv ÔAcivwRZvÕ, GKv`kel©xqv Ôi“`ªvYxÕ,
Øv`kel©v ÔˆfiexÕ, ·qv`kel©xqv Ôgnvj²xÕ, PZz`©kel©xqv ÔcxVbvwqKvÕ, mi¯^Zxivbx cvj M‡elK, cÖvewÜK, ZiæY ms¯‹…wZKg©x

13
 KyL¨vZ Acivax‡`i Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y Av‡jvwPZ w`wjøi wZnvi †Rj| †mB †R‡ji gnvcwi`k©‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wb‡q
Gi †Lvjbvj‡P e`‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb wKiY †ew`| ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e 1994 mv‡j wZwb AR©b K‡ib g¨vM‡mmvB
cyi¯‹vi| cÄv‡e Rb¥ †bIqv G bvix Kg©KZ©v fvi‡Zi cywjk wefv‡M cÖ_g I m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib K…wZ‡Z¡i m‡½| †mB m‡½ wZwb RvwZms‡Ni mv‡eK gnvmwP‡ei cywjk Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡ib|
m¨v‡UjvBU †Uwjwfk‡bi Kj¨v‡Y Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq ÔAvc Kv Kv‡PwiÕi Dc¯’vcK wn‡m‡e|
Kviv ms¯‹viwelqK `yÕw`‡bi GK AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡Z MZ 6 A‡±vei 2010 cª_gev‡ii gZ XvKvq
G‡mwQ‡jb G we‡kl bvixe¨w³Z¡|

XvKvq wKiY
iv nx ` G Rv R
†ew`
1975 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi fvi‡Zi cÖRvZš¿ w`e‡mi KzPKvIqv‡R KzPKvIqv‡R †bZ…Z¡ w`‡”Q †`L‡Z †c‡q wZwb wknwiZ| Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb,
G‡m Pg‡K wM‡qwQj A‡b‡K| †mw`b w`wjø cywj‡ki †bZ…‡Z¡ w`w”Q‡jb Avwg ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva KiwQ bv wK bv| BwZevPK DËi w`jvg| cig ggZvq
nvjKv Mo‡bi GK bvix| åƒ KzuPKvj †KD †KD| †Lv` ZrKvjxb gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q Avkxe©v` Ki‡jb| ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi jÿ¨ c~iY †nvK|Õ
cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb Zuvi cwiPq| ejv nj, wZwb w`wjøi ciw`b djvI K‡i RvZxq ˆ`wbK¸‡jv Avgv‡`i cÖvZtiv‡ki msev`wU
PvbK¨cyix _vbvi mvewWwfkbvj cywjk Awdmvi wKiY †ew`| BwÛqvb †Q‡cwQj| AvR eywS, †mB mKvjUv Avgvi †ckvMZ Rxe‡b A‡bKLvwb
cywjk mvwf©‡mi (AvBwcGm) ZiæY Kg©KZ©v| Õ72 mv‡j AvBwcG‡m †h Qvc †d‡jwQj| evev-gv‡qi ci ggZvgqx Bw›`iv MvÜx Avgv‡K †cÖiYv
70Rb Kg©KZ©v †hvM †`b, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKgvÎ bvix| RvwZmsN 1975 RywM‡q‡Qb|Õ
mv‡j bvixel© cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`Iqvq KzPKvIqv‡R wKiY w`wjø cywj‡ki cvVK, K_v nw”Qj ÔAvc Kv Kv‡PwiÕi Dc¯’vwcKv wKiY †ew`i
†bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| ï‡b †KŠZ~nj nj Bw›`iv MvÜxi| ciw`b mKv‡j wZwb m‡½| ÷vi cøv‡mi Kj¨v‡Y AbyôvbwU †`Lvi my‡hvM nq Avgv‡`iI|
cÖvZtiv‡k Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡jb wKiY‡K| †hLv‡b wKiY AvBbmsµvšÍ wel‡q †jvKRb‡K civgk© †`b| cvkvcvwk
†Kgb wQj cÖavbgš¿xi m‡½ cÖvZtiv‡ki gyn~Z©¸‡jv? MZ 6 A‡±vei hv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q, Zv‡`i Rb¨ UvKvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
2010 mܨvq XvKvi I‡q÷Bb †nv‡U‡j IB cÖkœ †kvbvi ci 35 eQi 1975 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_g cv`cÖ`x‡ci Av‡jv‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| †mB †h
Av‡M wd‡i †M‡jb wKiY| jÿ Kijvg, Zvi †PvL R‡j QjQj| wUmy¨ 35eQi Av‡M Av‡jvPbvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z G‡jb, mgq Mov‡bvi m‡½ m‡½
w`‡q `ªæZ †PvL gyQ‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔwZwb wQ‡jb gv‡qi gZ| Rvb‡Z wb‡R‡K A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wb‡q‡Qb wZwb| †mUv BwÛqv †M‡U aviv‡jv
PvB‡jb Avgvi cywj‡k †hvM †`qvi KviY| ejjvg, e¨wZµgx wKQz A¯¿avix wee`gvb †Mvôxi `v½v `gb, K‡qK‡kv eQ‡ii gv`K e¨emvi
Ki‡Z PvB| gvby‡li †mev Ki‡Z PvB| ZvB cywj‡k †hvM †`Iqv| ï‡b Pµ †f‡O †`Iqv wKsev †µb w`‡q cÖavbgš¿xi Mvwo DwV‡q †bIqvÑ †_‡g
Lywk n‡jb| ey‡K Rwo‡q ai‡jb| Rvbv‡jb, GK bvix cywjk Kg©KZ©v _v‡Kbwb wKiY †ew`| Z‡e me‡P‡q eo Ae`vbUv †i‡L‡Qb w`wjøi wZnv‡i

14
†Rj ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g| KvivMvi‡K Avkªg wbivbKvix wkL‡`i `v½v †iva Kivi welqwU A‡b‡KB ejj, ÔwKiY Zzwg Wze‡e| ILv‡b wKQz
evbv‡ebÑ GB eªZ wb‡q †Lvjbj‡P cv‡ë w`‡jb D‡jøL K‡ib| cywj‡k †hvM †`Iqvi eQi Kivi †bB| ïay ïayB hv”Q|Õ
KzL¨vZ me Acivaxi Avevm wn‡m‡e L¨vZ wZnvi cuv‡P‡Ki gv_vq Zievwimn aviv‡jv A¯¿ wb‡q `yB wKiY e‡jb, ÔcY K‡iwQjvg hveB
†Rj| IB KvR Zuv‡K G‡b w`‡q‡Q m¤§vbRbK `j †jvK †`‡L wKQzUv wePwjZ n‡jI wb‡R‡K †mLv‡b| jÿ¨UvI wVK K‡i †d‡jwQjvg| GKUv
g¨vM‡mmvB cyi¯‹vi| GgbUv fvevi KviY †bB †h mvg‡j wb‡qwQ‡jb| c‡i Lye mvd‡j¨i m‡½ K_v wK, Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU KvR ïiæi Av‡MB jÿ¨
gm„Y c‡_ GwM‡q‡Qb wKiY, wKsev mevB Zvi me †mB `v½v †VwK‡qwQ‡jb, hvi ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e w¯’i KivUv Riæwi| wZnvi †Rj‡K Avkª‡g iƒc
D‡`¨vM‡K fvj †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Q| ÔcÖPviYvi Rb¨ Õ78-G †c‡jb ivóªcwZi cywjk c`K| c‡ii †`e| Ggbfv‡e e›`x‡`i Rxe‡b cwieZ©b
KvOvjÕ wKsev ÔweZwK©ZÕ Ggb ZKgv Gu‡U Zuvi eQi cywj‡ki †WcywU Kwgkbvi (cwðg w`wjø) Avbe, hv‡Z GKRbI GLv‡b Avi wd‡i bv
weiæ‡× KL‡bv KL‡bv †Zvjv n‡q‡Q Awf‡hv‡Mi wn‡m‡e 200 eQ‡ii A‰ea gv`KevwYR¨ P‡µi Av‡m| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e ¯^v¯’¨ wkÿvmn Zv‡`i
AvOzj| `vwqZ¡ cvIqvi ci bZzb †Kvb c`‡ÿc g~‡jvrcvUb Zuvi mvd‡j¨ †hvM K‡iwQj bZzb †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y A‡bK e¨e¯’v wbjvg| †ivR
wb‡Z †M‡j e`wji NUbvI N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ Gme gvÎv| Ô†µb †ew`Õi cÖm½Uv Zzj‡ZB LvwbKUv mKv‡j Kvive›`x‡`i m‡½ K_v ejZvg| aibUv
wKQzB Zuv‡K Ujv‡Z cv‡iwb| j‡ÿ¨ AwePj nvm‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔmgqUv 1981 mvj| `vwqZ¡ Ggb bq †h Kvivcwi`k©K wbqwgZ cwi`k©‡b
†_‡K‡Qb me mgq| ZvB 2007-G me †hvM¨Zv wb‡qwQ w`wjø cywj‡ki †WcywU Kwgkbvi (UªvwdK) G‡m‡Qb| eyS‡Z PvBZvg Zv‡`i gvbwmK
_vKvi ciI Zuv‡K wWwO‡q `yÕeQ‡ii Kwbô GK wn‡m‡e| Kuv‡a Av‡m c‡ii eQi w`wjø Gwkqvb Ae¯’v| cvkvcvwk Pvjy K‡iwQjvg Awf‡hvM
mnKg©x‡K w`wjøi cywjkcÖavb c‡` wb‡qvM w`‡j †Mg‡mi mgq UªvwdKe¨e¯’vi k„•Ljv eRv‡qi ev·| e‡j w`‡qwQjvg, mevB Zv‡`i Awf‡hvM,
Ôe¨w³MZ Kvi‡YÕ †¯^”Qvem‡i P‡j hvb wKiY `vwqZ¡| Ab¨vb¨ c`‡ÿ‡ci cvkvcvwk wm×všÍ gZvgZ cvVv‡Z cvi‡e| †KD PvB‡j Zvi bvg-
†ew`| Kx wQj e¨w³MZ KviYUv? wbjvg, wbqg †f‡O iv¯Ívq Mvwo ivL‡j †µb cwiPq †Mvcb ivLv n‡e| †ivR we‡Kj PviUvq
ÔLye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB a‡i wb‡qwQjvg, w`wjø w`‡q Zv mwi‡q †`Iqv n‡e| m‡½ gvgjvI ev·wU LyjZvg Avwg wb‡RB| KviY, PvwewU
cywj‡ki kxl© c`wU †c‡Z hvw”Q| †mfv‡e wb‡Ri n‡e| G mgq GKwU Mvwo †givg‡Zi †`vKv‡b Avgvi Kv‡Q _vKZ| Gici cÖwZwU Awf‡hvMcÎ
wKQz cwiKíbv †Zv wQjB| hLb †`Ljvg, bvix wbqgewnf©~Zfv‡e cvK© Kivq cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv c‡o cÖ‡qvRb ey‡S Zv hvPvB K‡i e¨e¯’v wbZvg,
e‡jB Avgvi c_‡iva Kiv nj, wm×všÍ wbjvg Gici evwo wdiZvg| e‡j ivLv fvj, G Kv‡R
m‡i `uvov‡bvi| G Rxe‡b KL‡bvB GKB ïay 10 iæwc w`‡q ev·wU wK‡bwQjvg| Av‡iK
Kv‡Ri cybive„wË Kwiwb| me mgq e¨¯Í †_‡KwQ KvivKg©KZ©v‡K mnKvwi wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQjvg|
bZzb wKQz Ki‡Z| KviY, gvby‡li cÖwZwbqZB d‡j bZzb K‡i Avgv‡K †Kvb UvKv LiP Ki‡Z
m„RbkxjZvi gva¨‡g eûgvwÎK Kv‡R hy³ nqwb|Õ
nIqvUv Riæwi|Õ e›`x‡`i cov‡kvbvi wel‡q wKiY
Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQjvg, AvR †h RvqMvq wZwb e‡jb, Ôe›`x‡`i cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ DcKiY
`uvwo‡q, †K Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb? ÔAvwg AvR †h msMÖn K‡iwQjvg Awfbe c×wZ‡Z| †hme
RvqMvq `uvwo‡q, Zvi cy‡ivUv Ae`vb gv-evevi| †jvK Zv‡`i ¯^Rb‡`i †`L‡Z AvmZ, Zv‡`i
c‡i ¯^vgx-mšÍv‡biv †cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Qb| 1949- e‡jwQjvg, c‡ii evi `yÕwU eB I `yÕwU †cbwmj
Gi Ry‡b cÄv‡ei f~¯^vgx cÖKvkjvj †ckIqvwiqv Avb‡eb| GKwU Avcbvi ¯^Rb I Ab¨wU †mB
I †cÖgjZv †ckIqvwiqvi N‡i Avgvi Rb¥| †Kvb e›`xi Rb¨, hvi cwiRb †bB| AevK KvÊ,
fvB wQj bv Avgv‡`i| Pvi †ev‡bi Avwg wØZxq| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B eB, †cbwmj QvovI wecyj
m`¨ ¯^vaxb fviZe‡l© bvix gv‡bB Pvi †`qv‡ji cwigvY wkÿv DcKiY †c‡q †Mjvg| †jvKRb
Ae¸É‡b _vKv cÖvYx| evev cY K‡iwQ‡jb hLb Rvbj Kvive›`x‡`i cov‡kvbvi D‡`¨vM
Avgv‡`i wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡eb| †QvU‡ejv wb‡qwQ, ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e GbwRI, weËevbmn
†_‡KB PvB‡Zb Zuvi mšÍv‡biv †jLvcov †k‡l A‡b‡KB GwM‡q G‡jb| Kvive›`x‡`i cov‡bvi
P¨v‡jwÄs wKQz KiæK| mevB ¯^vej¤^x †nvK| cÖ_v Rb¨ wkÿ‡Kiv Av‡e`b Rvbv‡jb| Gfv‡eB
†f‡O FRyZvi m‡½ wKQz Kivi †cÖiYvUv †c‡qwQ wewfbœ ch©v‡qi e›`x‡`i cvV`v‡bi e¨e¯’v
Zuvi Kv‡Q| mvq wQj gv‡qiI| ZvB cov‡kvbvi K‡iwQ| G‡`i A‡b‡KB mœvZK wWwMÖ AR©b
cvkvcvwk b¨vkbvj K¨v‡WU †Kv‡i †hvM w`‡qwQ| MvÜxi Mvwoi weiæ‡×I e¨e¯’v wb‡Z wØav Kwiwb| K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi Rb¨ AvR GUv my‡Li Lei,
evevi DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡qwQ ZLb hy³ivóª md‡i wQ‡jb cÖavbgš¿x| IB w`wjø wek¦we`¨vjq wZnvi †R‡ji e›`x‡`i Rb¨
†Uwbm i¨v‡KU|Õ wZwb Rvbv‡jb Õ66-†Z RvZxq NUbvi ci †_‡K †jvKRb WvK‡Z ïiæ K‡i we‡kl †Kv‡m©i e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Q|Õ
Rywbqi †Uwbm P¨vw¤úqbwk‡ci †LZve R‡qi Ô†µb †ew`Õ| Ab¨w`‡K wZnvi †R‡ji cÂv‡qZ
cvkvcvwk Õ72-G †R‡Zb Gkxq †LZve| Z‡e 1985-†Z cywjk m`i `߇ii †WcywU e¨e¯’v‡K wZwb we‡kl mvdj¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨
†Zv AvR mvwbqv wgR©v‡K wb‡q †h gvZvgvwZ Kwgkbvi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi mgq AvU‡K K‡ib| IB cÂv‡q‡Zi gva¨‡g e›`xiv
n‡”Q, Pvi `kK Av‡MB Zv n‡Z cviZ? †Kb _vKv GK nvRvi 600 c‡`vbœwZi Av‡`k GK Av`vj‡Z Av‡e`b K‡ib Rvwg‡bi Rb¨| Gi
†Uwbm Qvo‡jb, †KbB-ev Aa¨vcbv? e‡j ivLv w`‡bB †kl K‡ib| G Rb¨ †Kvb evav Av‡mwb? d‡j D‡jøL‡hvM¨msL¨K e›`x gyw³ †c‡q‡Q| Zv
fvj, cÄve wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ivóªweÁv‡b wKiY ej‡jb, ÔG‡mwQj, Z‡e MÖvn¨ Kwiwb| Qvov †hvMe¨vqvg I a¨vb Kg©m~Px †R‡ji ¸YMZ
mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jv‡fi ci Õ70-G Ag„Zm‡ii KviY, hLbB hv K‡iwQ, wewa †g‡bB K‡iwQ| gv‡bi cwieZ©‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|
Lvjkv gwnjv K‡j‡R cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b Kv‡Ri evav G‡j †hŠw³Kfv‡e Zv †gvKvwejv wKiY †ew` e‡jb, Ôïb‡j AevK n‡eb!
wKiY †ew`| wKš‘ `yÕeQi ci AvBwcGm Kg©KZ©v K‡iwQ| ïay Zv-B bq, IB mgq Avgvi wb‡`©k Gme Kv‡R miKv‡ii GK cqmvI LiP Kwiwb|
wn‡m‡e wZwb bZzb Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| wKiY wQj, †Kvb dvBj wZb w`‡bi †ewk AvU‡K bvbvfv‡e wewfbœ wRwbm msMÖn K‡i Avwg
†ew`i fvlvq, ÔRxe‡b P¨v‡jÄ †bIqvi †cÖiYv _vK‡j mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡K e¨vL¨v w`‡Z n‡e| G cwiKíbv K‡i GwM‡qwQ|Õ evav Av‡mwb? Zuvi
†c‡qwQjvg evevi Kv‡Q| Avevi gnvZ¥v MvÜxi wm×v‡šÍ KvR n‡qwQj|Õ DËi, ÔwVK †mfv‡e bq| Z‡e mn‡hvwMZv cvBwb
Rb‡mevI Avgvi gvbmMV‡b mnvqZv K‡iwQj| wZnvi †Rj I g¨vM‡mmvB GK †duvUvI| †Kvb ev‡RU wQj bv, Rbej wQj
ZvB †m mgq cywj‡ki PvKwiB wQj Avgvi jÿ¨ 1993 mv‡j Av‡jvwPZ KvivMviwUi gnvcwiPvjK bv| Z‡e UvKv LiP Kwiwb e‡j Avgv‡K †iva
c~i‡Yi Av`k© ¯’vb|Õ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvIqvi ci mnKg©xiv bvbvfv‡e Kiv hvqwb| GUvI wVK, me mgq wbqg †g‡b
PvKwiRxe‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvi K_v Zuv‡K wbe„Ë Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| cÖvq nvRvi`‡kK Pjvq Avgv‡K Lye †ewk †eM †c‡Z nqwb|Õ
ej‡Z wM‡q wZwb Õ77-G BwÛqv †M‡U AvKvjx- Kvive›`x ZLb Ae¯’vb KiwQj wZnvi †R‡j| ivnx` GRvR ZiæY mvsevw`K

15
gwYcy‡ii g„ZcÖvq

†jvKZvK n«`
wb kx _ Kz gv i cv j

DËi-c~e© fvi‡Zi me‡P‡q eo ¯^v`y R‡ji n«` Ges Gwkqvi Ab¨Zg eo n«‡`i GKwU nj †jvKZvK (Loktak)
n«`, hv ax‡i ax‡i g„ZcÖvq n‡q hv‡”Q| gvby‡li wbôzi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ges e¨vcK cwi‡ek wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y G ivgmvi
mvB‡Ui ev¯‘Zvwš¿K mvg¨ve¯’v ûgwKMÖ¯Í n‡q c‡o‡Q| ivgmvi Kb‡fbkb B‡Zvg‡a¨B †NvlYv K‡i‡Q †h, c„w_exi
n«‡`i g‡a¨ †jvKZvK n«` nj GKwU hv wewfbœ Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨i w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|
G GjvKvi evwm›`v‡`i Av‡qi GKwU eo Drm nj †jvKZvK ü`| cÖwZeQi cÖvq 1500 †gwUªK Ub grm¨
Drcv`b QvovI GLvbKvi wewfbœ Dw™¢`ivwRI Zv‡`i Av‡qi GKwU eo Drm| GLv‡bB Aew¯’Z c„w_exi GKgvÎ
fvmgvb AfqviY¨Ñ †KBeyj jvgRvI RvZxq D`¨vb| GLv‡bB cvIqv hvq ûgwKMÖ¯Í gwYcyi eªvD Av›UjviW
nwiY (mvifvm GjwW GjwW), ¯’vbxqiv hv‡K e‡j mvbMvB|
we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi R‡b¨ b¨vkbvj nvB‡Wªv cvIqvi K‡c©v‡ikb‡K †jvKZvK n«` †_‡K Rj mieivn Kiv nq
Ges GKB m‡½ Gi Av‡kcv‡ki De©i K…wl Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi Rj mieivn Kiv nq| G n«`wU GKwU AvKl©Yxq
ch©Ub †K›`ªI e‡U| G‡K ivgmvi mvBU ev AvšÍR©vwZK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjvf‚wg wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e AcwiKwíZfv‡e ebf‚wg D‡”Q`, wmdwUs Pvlvev`, cwiewZ©Z f‚wg e¨envi, n«‡`i R‡j eR©¨ c`v_©
wb‡ÿc, ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki e¨vcK e¨envi, cøvw÷K RvZxq e¯‘ RgvKiY, e¨vcK AvMvQv e„w×,
cwj Rgv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y G n«‡`i Ae¯’v g„ZcÖvq n‡q c‡o‡Q| ZvB G n«`‡K euvPvevi Rb¨ gwYcyi miKvi bvbv
Dbœqb cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q|
†jvKZvK n«` wW¤^vK…wZi Ges DËi-`wÿ‡Y cÖmvwiZ Ges Gi AvqZb cÖvq 300 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges
MfxiZv 1-5 wgUvi ch©šÍ| gwYcyi Ges LyMv b`xi gv‡S Ges Bçj †_‡K 35 wK‡jvwgUvi `wÿ‡Y G n«`wU
Aew¯’Z| †jvKZvK n«‡`i GKwU Abb¨ ˆewkó¨ nj †h, G‡Z Av‡Q Dw™¢¾ Av”Qvw`Z AmsL¨ Øxc, ¯’vbxqfv‡e
hv‡K e‡j dzgwWm (phumdis)| `wÿY w`‡Ki me‡P‡q eo dzgwWm fvmgvb †KBeyj jvgRvI RvZxq D`¨vb
MVb K‡i‡Q| G D`¨v‡bi GKwU we‡klZ¡ nj, GLv‡bB Avkªq wb‡q‡Q we‡k¦i me‡P‡q ûgwKMÖ¯Í nwiY mvbMvB|
16
Dw™¢` ˆewPΨ Ges wPjKv n«` G ZvwjKvfz³ nq 1990 mv‡j| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b wPjKv Zvi
dzgwW‡m cvIqv hvq GiKg cÖavb cÖavb Dw™¢` nj m¨vjfvwbqv b¨vUvbm, nviv‡bv cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ekZš¿ cybiæ×vi Kivq G ZvwjKv †_‡K ev` c‡o‡Q|
AvB‡Kviwbqv µ¨vwm‡cm (KPzwicvbv), wRRvwbqv j¨vwU‡dvwjqv, d«¨vMgvBwUm †KejgvÎ †jvKZvK n«`B G ZvwjKvq Av‡Q|
KviKv, wjqviwmqv †n·vÛªv, eª¨vwPqvwiqv wgDwUKv BZ¨vw`| weMZ mg‡q G
n«‡` grm¨ wkKvi Ges †bŠPjvP‡j KPzwicvbv GZ mgm¨vi m„wó K‡iwQj †h, ûgwKMÖ¯Í †jvKZvK
1980-Gi `k‡K RxeRfv‡e KPzwicvbv wba‡bi Rb¨ DBwfj (wbI‡PwUbv 1980-Gi `k‡K b¨vkbvj nvB‡Wªv cvIqvi K‡c©v‡ikb Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`b
eªæwP Ges wbI‡PwUbv GB‡Kviwb) e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| Ges Rj‡m‡Pi Rb¨ GKwU eûgyLx cÖKí MÖnY Kivq †jvKZvK n«` fxlY
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq| G D‡Ï‡k¨ B_vB (Ithai)-Gi Kv‡Q gwYcyi b`xi Ici
cÖvwY‰ewPΨ GKwU euva wbg©vY Kiv nq Ges cÖavbZ †KviWvK Ges DMv‡gb P¨v‡b‡ji
†jvKZvK n«‡`i `wÿY-c~e© cÖvšÍ eivei cÖvq 40 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi RvqMv Ry‡o gva¨‡g G Rj G n«‡` Rgv Kiv nq| Gi Rb¨ ïay nvB‡WªvjwRK¨vj cwieZ©b
Aew¯’Z †KBeyj jvgRvI RvZxq D`¨vb| GwU GKwU fvmgvb AfqviY¨ Ges nqwb, n«‡`i ev¯‘Z‡š¿i Ici eo ûgwK wn‡m‡eI †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G n«‡`i
Gi wfZ‡i Av‡Q wZbwU †QvU cvnvo| GLv‡b Av‡Q cÖvq 135wU RjR Ges Ici wbf©ikxj †jvKR‡bi cÖ_vMZ RxebhvÎv‡ZI cwieZ©b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|
cÖvq-RjR Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ, G‡`i g‡a¨ 27wU A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G G¸wj QvovI Av‡iv wKQz wKQz mgm¨v n‡q‡Q †hgbÑ
RvZxq D`¨vb nj eªvD A¨v›UjviW nwi‡Yi GKgvÎ Avevm¯’j| G nwi‡Yi 1. cwj Rgv nIqv: AeevwnKv GjvKvq Awe‡eP‡Ki gZ ebvÂj aŸsm,
Mv‡qi iO Mvp aymi, j¤^vq 145-155 †mw›UwgUvi Ges IRb 95-110 †KwR| wmdwUs Pvlvev`, f‚wg e¨env‡ii cwieZ©b Ges Dbœqbg~jK cÖKí
G‡`i RxebKvj 15 eQ‡ii KvQvKvwQ, ¯¿x nwi‡Yi RxebKvj wKQzUv Kg| BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi n«‡` cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cwj Rgv nq| dzgwW‡mi
G‡`i Av‡Q GK‡Rvov euvKv‡bv kvLvwš^Z A¨v›Ujvi ev k„½ Ges me‡P‡q eo cvo †f‡OI cÖPzi gvwU I wkjvLÊ n«‡` Rgv nq|
k„‡•Li ˆ`N©¨ cÖvq 125 †mw›UwgUvi| GwU nj fxlYfv‡e ûgwKMÖ¯Í cÖRvwZ| 2. `~lY: n«‡`i Avkcv‡ki GjvKv †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y eR©¨ c`v_©,
G RvZxq D`¨v‡b Av‡iv Av‡Q _¨vwgb (mvifvm Gjwf _¨vwgb) Ges jvgv½ cqtcÖYvjxi eR©¨, ivmvqwbK eR©¨, ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK I
(mvifvm Gjwf wmqv‡gbwmm)| mvbMvB, nM wWqvi (G¨vw·m †cviwmbvm) QÎvKbvkK ivmvqwbK c`v_©, cøvw÷K `ªe¨ BZ¨vw` Rgv n‡q n«‡`i
Ges eb¨eivn (mvm †¯‹vidv) e¨ZxZ eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b eo ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx †bB Rj‡K `~wlZ Ki‡Q|
ej‡jB P‡j| 3. AvMvQv Rb¥v‡bv: cÖPzi cywó Dcv`vb †c‡q G n«‡` AvMvQv I ˆkev‡ji
1950-Gi `k‡K GB n«` wQj cvwL‡`i ¯^M©ivR¨| eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b e„w× nq e¨vcKfv‡e| weMZ `yÕ`k‡K G n«‡` `yÕwU we‡`wk Nv‡mi
Av‡Q cÖvq 145 cÖRvwZi cvwL| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cvwL nj bMvgy-Lviv (A¨vbvm (eªvwP‡qwiqv wgDwUKv Ges Aëib¨vb‡_iv wd‡jv‡R‡iBwWm) e„w× nq
wK¬wcUv), iæwW †mjWvK (U¨v‡Wvibv †diæwMwb), M¨vWIqvj (A¨vbvm AwZ`ªæZ I AvksKvRbK|
†÷ª‡civ), †iW‡µ‡÷f †cvPvW© (wbZv iæwdbv), _¨vbMsMg¨vb (A¨vbvm 4. grm¨m¤ú`: gv‡Qi Aeva PjvP‡ji c_ evavMÖ¯Í nIqv, AwZwi³ grm¨
†c‡b‡jvc), eªvDb †n‡fW Mvj (†jivm eªæwb‡mdvjvm) BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b cÖvq AvniY Ges ÎæwUc~Y© grm¨ wkKv‡ii R‡b¨ grm¨m¤ú‡`i e¨vcK ÿwZ
54 cÖRvwZi gvQ Av‡Q| n‡q‡Q Ges †mB m‡½ ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi A_©bxwZ‡ZI e¨vcK cÖfve
GK kZvãxi g‡a¨B wc¼ †n‡WW WvK (†iv‡Wv‡bmv †KwiIdvB‡jwm), c‡o‡Q|
†nvqvU Dwq½W DWWvK (†KBwibv ¯‹zUz‡jUv), m¨vivm †µb (MÖæm A¨vw›U‡Mvb), 5. Rxe‰ewPΨ nviv‡bv: n«‡`i ev¯‘Zvwš¿K ˆewk‡ó¨i cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ weMZ
wZb cÖRvwZi ¸R (A¨vbmvi A¨vbmvi, A¨vbmvi BwÛKvm Ges G¨vbdvi K‡qK `k‡K AvevwmK I cwihvqx cvwLi msL¨v n«vm †c‡q‡Q| Avevm¯’j
A¨vwjwe‡d«vbm) Ges ¯úUwej †cwjK¨vb (†cwj‡Kbvm wdwj‡cbwmm) G n«` web‡ói Kvi‡Y mvbMvB‡qi wU‡K _vKvI KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q|
†_‡K nvwi‡q †M‡Q| 6. eb¨v I †bŠPjvPj: G n«‡`i m‡½ mshy³ b`xi gyL¸wj m¨vjwfwbqv
b¨vUvbm Ges A¨v‡Rvjv wc‡bwUm-Gi gZ fvmgvb Dw™¢‡`i A¯^vfvweK
ivgmvi mvBU e„w×i Kvi‡Y eÜ n‡q hvIqvi Dcµg n‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨ †bŠPjvP‡j
c„w_exi Rjvf‚wg¸wj ïaygvÎ G‡`i nvB‡WªvjwRK¨vj Ges ev¯‘Zvwš¿K cÖwµqvi weNœ NU‡Q Ges eb¨vi mgq Rj n«‡`i cvo Dc‡P K…wlRwg I emZevwU
Rb¨B ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq, Giv Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨i cÖvPzh©I aviY K‡i iv‡L| Biv‡bi cøvweZ K‡i|
kni ivgmv‡i 1971 mv‡j GKwU Kb‡fbkb n‡qwQj, hv ivgmvi Kb‡fbkb 7. we`y¨r Drcv`b: cwj c‡o fivU nIqvi Kvi‡Y n«‡`i RjaviY ÿgZv
bv‡g cwiwPZ| G Kb‡fbk‡b AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KZK¸wj Rjvf‚wg n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges b¨vkbvj nvB‡Wªv cvIqv‡ii Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`b n«vm
mvBU kbv³ I ZvwjKvfy³ Kiv nq| G¸wjB nj ivgmvi mvBU| fvi‡Zi †c‡q‡Q|
`yÕwU mvBUÑ wPjKv n«` (Iwokv) Ges †KIjvw`I RvZxq D`¨vb (ivR¯’vb) †jvKZvK n«` nj gwYcyi DcZ¨Kvi me‡P‡q Drcv`bkxj cwi‡ekZš¿ Ges
cÖ_g G ZvwjKvi AšÍfy©³ nq 1981 mv‡j| Ab¨ PviwU mvBUÑ †jvKZvK n«` G GjvKvi cwi‡ekZvwË¡K, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z
(gwYcyi), nvwiK n«` (cÄve), mvgevi n«` (ivR¯’vb) Ges Djvi n«` (R¤§y I GwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| G n«‡`i Pvicv‡k emevmiZ cÖvq wZb jvL
Kvk¥xi) G ZvwjKvq AšÍfy©³ nq 1990 mv‡j| gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv G n«‡`i m‡½ mswkøó| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †jvKZvK
ivgmvi mvBUfz³ KZ¸wj Rjvf‚wg Avevi gbwUªqv· †iKW©-G n«` gwYcy‡ii jvBd jvBb| ZvB G n«` msiÿ‡Yi meiKg cÖ‡PóvB Pvjv‡Z
ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q‡Q| †hme AvšÍR©vwZK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjvf‚wgi Zvrch©c~Y© n‡e|
ev¯‘Zvwš¿K cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q, †m¸wj G ZvwjKvq ¯’vb cvq| fvi‡Zi †jvKZvK wbkx_Kzgvi cvj wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK

17
 ¸qvwPÎv euv‡q _vKj| GKUz GwM‡q
bvivqYcyi evRvi| evRv‡ii Av‡M
cyj| cy‡ji Mv †Nu‡l Wvjcvjv
Qwo‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q wekvj GK
cvKzoÑ eûKv‡ji| †Nvjv‡U `ycy‡i
Mv‡Qi cvZviv evZv‡mi m‡½ kã
K‡i bv‡P| cvKzo Mv‡Qi wb‡P G‡m
`uvovj †m| gvÎ gvmK‡qK eqm
n‡e Zvi|
AvRy dwK‡ii mßg mšÍvbwU
cyÎ| Av‡Mi QqwU Kb¨v| †mB
cyÎ hLb bv euvPv fqvbK R¡‡i
KvZivw”Qj ZLb dwKi Avjøvni
`iev‡i nvZ Zz‡j gvbZ Kij,
Gevi Zvi †`v-Auvkjv MvB‡qi
eKbv n‡j cvj‡e, Avi Gu‡o n‡j
Avjøvni iv‡n †Q‡o †`‡e| ¯^vaxb
g‡b †hw`K B”Qv P‡j hvK| Lv‡e
`v‡e Ny‡i †eov‡e| hvi †hgb
cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡K e¨envi Ki‡e|
Zv‡Z K‡i †MvRvwZi eZ©gvb kixi
¯^v‡¯’¨i wKQzUv DbœwZI n‡Z cv‡i|
gi‡`i kixi-¯^v¯’¨ fvj n‡j
ev”PvKv”PvI fvj nq| dwK‡ii
wPšÍv fvebv fvj|
dwKi-cyÎ giYR¡‡ii c¨vjv
mvg‡j GKw`b D‡V emj| cy‡ivcywi
mvi‡Z bv mvi‡ZB †`v-Auvkjv
MvB‡qi Kv‡jv wgkwg‡k GKUv
ev”Pv nj| `vgov| dwKi Lywk nj
wK `ytL †cj †mUv AevšÍi cÖm½|
Z‡e, m‡`¨vRvZ †Mverm †`‡L
wbiv‡eM K‡É ejj, g‡b K‡iwQjvg

†mB Kvjv eKbv AB‡e, ABj bv|

h‡nvK, gvb‡Zi wRwbm AhZœ
Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZeyI, †h wRwbm
cvnvo GKw`b Qvo‡Z n‡e Rvbv _v‡K
Zvi cÖwZ h‡Zœi XsUv GKUz AvjMv
Lv q iæ j Av j g m ey R nqB| evQzi Mjvq L‡qwi i‡Oi
PKP‡K wMjv Szwj‡q cÖvq Ah‡ZœB
evo‡Z _v‡K|
18
GLb †m Pi‡Z wk‡L‡Q| evwoi Avkcvk bv Zv bq| Z‡e cÖvq mevB Kvjyi e¨vcv‡i Wvb Diæ‡Z ewm‡q w`‡jb| Q¨vZ K‡i
Qvwo‡q eo iv¯Ívq D‡V c‡o hLb ZLb| GKgZ, Kvjyi ÿwZ †KD Ki‡j Zvi Pvcv GKUv kã nj, ckg †cvov wew”Qwi
†nu‡U †nu‡U P‡j hvq †ek LvwbKUv `~‡i| wb¯Ívi n‡e bv| MÜ Qwo‡q coj evZv‡m| f~wgK‡¤úi
Zvici Avevi †Pbv c‡_ Avcb g‡b evwo Kvjyi gvi bZzb ev”Pv n‡q‡Q, †m gZ †Ku‡c DVj Kvjyi wekvj †`n| weKU
†d‡i| c‡_i gv‡S Luy‡R Luy‡R KwP Nvm †evanq Kvjy‡K GLb fz‡j †M‡Q| g‡b GK luv‡ovwPZ wPrKv‡i Avkcv‡ki †MvUv
Lvq| AvRy dwKi Ges Zvi †jvKRb ivLvi Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRbI †bB| Kvjy eo AÂj †R‡M DVj| gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ `„k¨cU
†PvL iv‡L wVKB Z‡e Avc‡bi gZ n‡q‡Q, †m GLb wb‡Ri bv‡gB cwiwPZ| cv‡ë †Mj, Kvjy Svov w`‡q D‡V `uvovj|
bq| g‡bi g‡a¨ ci ci fve nq| Zvi e¨vcviUv AvRy dwKi †f‡e †`L‡QÑ ey‡ov bwjbLy‡ov wZb MR `~‡i wQU‡K
Aek¨ wKQz Kivi †bB, Gme †ÿ‡Î GUvB Kvjy ZviB A_P Zvi †Kvb bvgB _vK‡e wM‡q wPr n‡q co‡jb| nv‡Z Zvi ZL‡bv
¯^vfvweK| bv GUvB-ev wK K‡i nq| †nvK mevi, wPg‡UUv aiv| AvRy dwKi ¸‡Zv †L‡q‡Q
Kv‡jv wgkwg‡k `vgov evQz‡ii wKš‘ ïiæ‡Z †Zv Zvi| †nvK cï, Zv‡Z wKbv †evSv †Mj bv, AvPgKv GKUv †`Šo
Kcv‡j Kvjy Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb bvg RyUj wK? Kvjy GLb †h-†m ev mvaviY †KD w`‡q wbivc` Zdv‡Z wM‡q nuvcv‡Z jvMj|
bv| Avkcv‡ki gvbyl H bv‡gB Zv‡K bq| G Zjøv‡U Zv‡K wb‡q K_v nq| †PvL `yÕ‡Uv PoK MvQ, Kvjyi Mv‡q Ggb wbt¯^v_©
wPb‡Z ïiæ Ki‡Q| †h‡nZz AvRy dwKi Kvjyi bvg DV‡j AvRy dwK‡ii bvgI kw³ Zvi wek¦vm n‡”Q bv| AvRy dwK‡ii
bvgQvc w`‡q Kvjy‡K GL‡bv Avjøvni I‡V| Kvjyi Kvi‡YB †jvKRb Zvi bvg wZb Pvi eQ‡ii GKwU bvwZ Kvjyi cv‡qi Kv‡RiI
iv‡n Qv‡owb, †m Kvi‡Y Kvjy GL‡bv K‡i| AvRy dwKi G‡Z Me©B †eva K‡i| Kv‡Q `uvwo‡q wQj| cÖvq D‡o wM‡q wKQzUv wKQz mvwÿ
AvRy dwK‡ii m¤úwËi g‡a¨B co‡Q| Kvjyi kix‡i Zvi bv‡gi Av`¨vÿi †Lv`vB `~‡i †KvZ& K‡i e‡m coj| Avi DV‡Z
Ôw`b hvqÕ GB kãe‡Üi m‡½ cwieZ©‡bi Kivi GKUv evmbv Rv‡M g‡b| RvM‡ZB cvi‡Q bv| wPrKvi GKUv w`‡q‡Q wKš‘ _vK‡Z nq,
GKUv †NviZi m¤úK© Av‡Q| gvbyl cï cv‡i, Gi g‡a¨ Lvivc wKQz †bB| mgvR Kvbœvi cwie‡Z© `gK¸‡jv‡Z Avi †Kvb bvnÕ‡j
cvwL cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZ me wKQyiB w`b †mev n‡e| KÕRb K‡i Ggb Z¨vM? bM` kã n‡”Q bv| †QvÆ gvbyl, †ePviv GZUvB `vwe wb‡q
hvq| w`b †M‡j †Kvb wKQB Avi Av‡Mi UvKvq wnmve K‡iv bv, `yB‡kv UvKvI n‡Z fo‡K †M‡Q †h G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wK Ki‡Z
gZ _v‡K bv| Aek¨ me mgq †P‡Li cv‡i| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e mvjUv Dwbk‡kv nq wVK ey‡S DV‡Z cvi‡Q bv| hyeK‡`i K_v ejv
Dci _vK‡j cwieZ©bUv †Pv‡L jv‡M bv AvUlwÆ| MZ kZvãxi †kl fvM| g‡a¨ †KD †KD mvgvb¨ MovMwo w`‡q D‡V hvq bv|
G K_v mZ¨| wKš‘ Kvjyi †ejvq NUbvUv B`vbxs Kvjy evwo †div †Q‡oB c‡o‡Q| Kvjy‡K gvSLv‡b †i‡L wKQzUv
GKUz Ab¨iKg NUj| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b w`b w`‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ILv‡b ï‡q _v‡K, `~i‡Z¡ AevK gvby‡liv GKUv e„Ë ˆZwi †Kvievwbi
†M‡jI Zvi cwieZ©bUv gvby‡li †Pv‡L we‡kl K‡i †gvjøvi †`vKv‡bi mvg‡bÑ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Kvjyi †Pv‡Li †KvYv †fRv cky †hgb
coj| jvj kv‡bi †e`x‡Z ï‡q ï‡q Rvei †fRv| gvby‡li G †nb AKviY wbôziZvq
ÕevQziÕ AwfavwU Kvjyi kixi †_‡K Kv‡U| †`vKvb †Lvjv _vK‡j Aek¨ jyßeyw× n‡q c‡o‡Q †m| cÖPÊ Awfgvb K‡i
KLb †h L‡m coj †KD eyS‡ZB cvij Gw`‡K Av‡m bv| Suvc †Lvjvi AvIqvR nj Zvi| iv‡M `yt‡L †m Mjv Ly‡j Av‡iv †kvqvq
bv| †fjwKi gZ Zvi kixi ¯^v¯’¨ evo‡Z †c‡j D‡V hvq Avevi Suvc covi kã `yÕwZbUv WvK Qvoj Zvici †Muvqv‡ii
jvMj| †Zj-wPKwP‡K muyPv‡jv `yÕwU n‡j G‡m e‡m| gZ cye w`‡K †ivL K‡i QzUj| mvZ
wkO †h †Kv‡Ì‡K Gj Zv H whwb m„wó hv‡nvK, AvRy dwKi AvR mKvj gvby‡li e„Ë QÎLvb n‡q †Mj| AvUR‡b
K‡i‡Qb wZwbB fvj Rv‡bb| evQz‡ii mKvj †jvKRb jvwM‡q Kvjy‡K evwo‡Z cvKzo Mv‡Qi Qvqvq `uvwo‡q Kvjy Gw`K
†Kvgj my›`i gyL †Kgb _¨veov eo eo †U‡b G‡b‡Q| Kvgvi Lei †`qv n‡q‡Q| Iw`K ZvKvj| Ggbfv‡e †`Lj †hb wg‡j
n‡q DVj| Kv‡jv Mfxi †PvL `yÕwU µgk Bs‡iwR ÔGÕ Aÿ‡ii GKUv QuvP ˆZwiÑ Zvi R‡b¥i MÖvgLvwb †klev‡ii gZ Kvjy‡K
†W‡e hv‡”Q g‡b nq| Bs‡iwR‡Z AvRy wjL‡Z ÔGÕ jv‡M; †mUv †`‡L wb‡”Q| Gici Kvjy Avi `uvovj
†Pv‡Li Pvicv‡k †NuvP co‡Q cywo‡q jvj K‡i Kvjyi Wvb Diæ‡Z Qvc bv| bvivqYcyi evRv‡ii GKcvk w`‡q †mfv‡e
KzwUj Kcv‡ji gZ| Uvb Uvb Pvgovi gviv n‡e| Wvb n‡e bv evg n‡e G wb‡qI iv¯Ív P‡j †M‡Q †Z‡iv gvBj `~‡i kn‡ii †kvqvevi
Dci KzPKz‡P Kv‡jv ckg| †cje PzoUv mevi g‡a¨ D‡ËwRZ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv w`‡K| †mB iv¯Ív a‡i Kvjy GwM‡q †MjÑ
DBwXwei gZ, Avi †cQ‡b `yBcv‡qi nj, †kl‡gl Wvb Diæ‡Z QvcUv co‡e fvivµvšÍ, wbtm½, w`kvnvivi gZ|
†Póv K‡i
duv‡K gvLb i‡Oi luvoms‡KZ Szj‡Q| wVK nj| †`v-Auvkjv gv‡qi K_v g‡b n‡qwQj `yÕGKevi
gvwU‡Z PviLvbv cv †i‡L Kvjy hLb `uvovq wb‡g©N AvKvk| mvivUv MÖv‡gi Dci wKbv †K Rv‡b| GKeviI wdij bv wedj
g‡b nq GB gvwU †_‡K Zvi kix‡i kw³ w`‡q wSwiwSwi evZvm e‡q hv‡”Q| Avi| GwM‡q †Mj †mvRv cye w`‡K|
mÂvwiZ n‡”Q| ÔQvcgvivÕ Abyôv‡b `yÕPviRb R‡b¥i ci †_‡K †`Lv mxgvbv wWwO‡q GB n‡q‡Q|
bvivqYcyi evRv‡i hviv wbqwgZ †jvK‡K Lei w`‡q‡Q AvRy dwKi| cÖ_g Kvjy Av‡iK RMr-mxgvq cv ivLj| Agb
e‡m, AvÇv †`q, Ajm mgq KvUvqÑ Zviv mevB ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V mg‡eZ n‡q‡Q| cye w`M‡šÍ AvKvkUv ZLb S‡ov †g‡Ni
Zv‡`i cÖvq mevB Kvjy‡K GLb Kvjy wbt¯^v_© Kv‡RiI wKQz mvwÿ _vK‡Z nq, `yišÍ †eM mvgjv‡Z e¨¯Í| Kvjyi i‡Oi ejev‡bi
bv‡gB †P‡b| †`vKvwb‡`i cÖkªq Kvjyi bvnÕ‡j `vwe wb‡q K_v ejv hvq bv| m‡½ AvKv‡ki iO GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| Kv‡Q
wePiY‡K Av‡iv †Z‡Rv`xß K‡i| gRvi †Kvievwbi cky †hgb K‡i †kvqvq mvZ AvKv‡k `yišÍ MwZ‡Z †g‡Niv D‡o hv‡”Q
e¨vcvi, Kvjy GLb Avi ïay AvRy dwK‡ii AvUR‡b wg‡j Kvjy‡K †mfv‡e †kvqvevi wbiæ‡Ï‡k Avi wb‡P Kvjyi wbiæ‡ÏkhvÎv hvIqviI
†bB| †m GLb †MvUv A‡ji n‡q †Póv K‡i `yÕGKevi wedj n‡q‡Q| GB m‡e ïiæ nj| mvnm nq
D‡V‡Q| Zvi †QvULv‡Uv AcivaI †KD Agb ejev‡bi Kv‡Q hvIqviI mvnm nq GKUv A‡jŠwKK Av‡jv c‡o‡Q
†Zgb Mv‡q gv‡L bv| bv| Kvgvi bwjbLy‡ov ÔGÕ Aÿi cywo‡q c„w_ex‡Z| †Kvb Bw½‡Z Ggb Av‡jv bv| Kvgvi
nvUev‡i †jvK mgvMg GKUz †ewk| cywo‡q jvj KiwQj| MbM‡b QuvPUv wVK c„w_ex‡Z bv‡g †K Rv‡b| M¤¢xi inm¨gq bwjbLy‡ov
Lvj †e‡q gvj †evSvB †bŠKv Av‡m| RvqMvq ewm‡q GKUz †P‡c ai‡Z n‡e, GK †Nv‡ii g‡a¨ w`M‡šÍi w`‡K GwM‡q
kvK mwâ dj g~j n‡iKiKg| nvUev‡i GKUz Q¨vKv gZb, Zv bv n‡j `vMUv ¯’vqx hvq Kvjy| †mw`K ZvwK‡q AvRy dwK‡ii ÔGÕ Aÿi
Lvjcv‡iB Kvjy Nyi Nyi K‡i| B”Qv K‡i n‡e bv| A‡bK Kmir K‡i †kvqv‡bv g‡b nq Kvjy Ab¨ m‡ei gZ bqÑ Kvjy cywo‡q
mevB Zv‡K GUv IUv †`q, Av`i K‡i| †Mj Kvjy‡K| †Q‡j-ey‡ov mevB wg‡j AmvaviY wKš‘ †Kb AmvaviY Zv †m
Zey Gi gv‡SI `yGKRbvi †PvL PKPK Zv‡K Rvc‡U aij| bwjbLy‡ov wPg‡U eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| cywo‡q jvj
Kiv, wReŸvq cvwb AvmvÑ GmeI †h nq w`‡q ÔGÕ AÿiwU †P‡c a‡i G‡b Kvjyi kniUv Lye eo bq, Avevi Lye KiwQj|
19
†h †QvU ZvI bq| MvQcvjv GZUvB Nb †h Z‡e †KD †KD nq‡Zv ej‡e, †ev‡S KvjyÑ me Zv‡Z Mv‡ovqvb †ePviv fo‡K hvq, lÊv Zv‡KB
evwoNi †jvKR‡bi PjvPj Kv‡Q bv †M‡j †ev‡S| AvµgY K‡i wK bv GB f‡q †m Pzc †g‡i
†Pv‡L c‡o bv| `~i †_‡K GKUv RgvU meyR kn‡ii DËi w`‡K †hLv‡b kni †kl †Mj| GK ai‡bi †÷j‡gU| gy‡LvgywL _vKv
i‡Oi gZ jv‡M| jvj myiwKi iv¯Ív kn‡ii Mv †mLv‡b Lv‡ji Dci DuPz cyj| nv‡Zi WvB‡b Qvov KviI †hb wKQz Kivi †bB| Av‡M wc‡Q
†e‡q Gw`K Iw`K P‡j †M‡Q| †m-me iv¯Ívq k¥kvb NvU| gv‡S-g‡a¨ Kvjy Gw`KUv‡Z WvB‡b euv‡q †Kv_vI Avi mivi RvqMv †bB|
gvbylRb, mvB‡Kj wiKmv MiæiMvwo Avi Av‡m| MMbwkwi‡li Qvqvq ï‡q e‡m Rvei wbtkã cjK hvq GKUvi ci GKUv| Kvjy
`yÕ`kUv BwÄbMvwo Ny‡i wd‡i P‡j| Kv‡U| †m GK †`Lvi gZ Pvj Zvi| Avw`MšÍ b‡o bv, MvwoI b‡o bv| kxZjv †Lvjvi †Lvjv
kn‡ii cyew`‡K b`x| Aweivg †Nvjv †Lvjv kn‡ii Gw`KUv evZv‡mi ivR¨| Zvj g‡Â †hb bvUK g¯’ n‡”Q wbR©b GK `ycy‡i|
cvwbi †XD DV‡Q bvg‡Q| M¤¢xi k‡ã kn‡ii Mv‡Q NiNi kã nq| bvi‡Kj mycywi Avg wKQzÿY AviI †Mj| Zvici nVvrB Kvjy GKUv
gvbylRb mRvM K‡i w`‡q RvnvR jv‡M Nv‡U| Rv‡gi cvZvq cvZvq bvPb jv‡M| GK Mv‡Qi KvÊ K‡i emj| K…òeiY ZiæY wks`yÕwU
`yB cv‡ki PvKvq cvwb †K‡U nuv‡mi gZ †f‡m Wvjcvjv Ab¨ Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ Xz‡K AócÖni †`vj w`‡q ej`euvav †Rvqv‡j NvB w`j Dch©ycywiÑ
Uvb©, wKDB, Aw÷ªP, MvRx| RvnvR Nv‡U wfo‡j Lvq| Z‡e, gvbylRb Lye GKUv †Pv‡L c‡o `wo`ov wQu‡o †Rvqvj AvjMv n‡q Dc‡i D‡V
`yÕcv‡k †iwjs †`qv wmuwo ˆZwi nq, †Quov‡Lvov bv| dmjKvUv w`MšÍ‡Rvov avwbRwg GKv †Mj, ej` `yÕwU Qvov †c‡q †Mj Avi Mvwoi
MvwjPv c‡o weQv‡bv Z³vi Dci| gvjcÎ GKv †ivÏy‡i †cv‡o| gvby‡liv mvg‡bi iv¯ÍvUv mvg‡bi w`KUv gvwU ¯úk© Kij| gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨
gvbylRb IVv bvgv, wKQzUv mgq| Zvici a‡i avbPvj kvK mewR GUv IUv gv_vq Mvwo Mv‡ovqvb gvjvgvj me jÊfÊ QÎLvb| G
evZv‡m ïUwK Avi Kqjv †cvov MÜ Qwo‡q wb‡q kwb g½j kn‡ii nv‡U hvq| GLv‡b `„k¨ iPbvi ci Kvjy Avi †mLv‡b `uvovj bv|
wnm wnm ev‡®úi kã K‡i K~j †Q‡o P‡j hvq GB MvQZjvq eo Aviv‡g Kv‡U Kvjyi mgq| †m wbwe©Kvi kn‡ii c_ aij| Ggb Af~Zc~e©
RvnvRÑ †mvRv Dˇi| K~‡ji gvby‡li `ytL G‡Kev‡i wbwiwewj| †hb `y`©všÍ †Kvb GK NUbvq Mv‡ovqvb nZwenŸj Avi ej``yÕwU
nq| †KD †KD ¯^Rb we‡”Q‡` Kuv‡`| †KD ivRv †e‡o DV‡Qb †Mvc‡b, wbR©‡b| mvg‡bi NvmcvZv †LuvRvq e¨¯Í n‡q coj|
†KD Kuv‡` bv, gb Lvivc K‡i ïayy| b`xi Gcvi iv¯Ívq Miæ QvMj gvbyl †hgb P‡j, cvLcvLvwj †QvÆ kn‡i G Lei PvDi n‡Z mgq
†_‡K Icvi †`Lv hvq| Lye †ewk `~i bq, Z‡e KvVweovwjivI †Zgwb †b‡g G‡m P‡i †eovq| jv‡Mwb| gy‡L gy‡L Qwo‡q coj| G‡KvYv
†mªvZ Av‡Q, †Mvj Av‡Q| Kvjy GKevi Icv‡i kvwjK Po–B Luy‡U Luy‡U LvqÑ Kv‡iv mvov †c‡jB †_‡K I‡KvYvÑ me©Î| ivZvivwZ Kvjyi †kªYx
hvevi B”Qv K‡iwQjÑ †b‡gIwQj cvwb‡Z, Z‡e dzo–r dzo–r D‡o hvq| GKUv `yÕ‡Uv cvwL KL‡bv cwieZ©b N‡U †Mj| gvby‡livI Zv‡K m¤£‡gi
†ewk `~i Avi hvqwb| Aí LvwbK wM‡qB Avevi KL‡bv Kvjyi †c‡Ui Dci wm‡Oi DciI e‡m| †Pv‡L †`L‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| kn‡ii †h iv¯Ívq
wd‡i G‡m‡Q| Kvjy †mw`‡K 僇ÿc K‡i bv, nq‡Zv-ev Avb›` Kvjy nuv‡U †m iv¯Ívq Mvwo †Nvovi MwZ gš’i
G kn‡i Kvjy GLb wbe©vavq PjvPj K‡i| cvq| G iv¯Ívq Mvwo ej‡Z `yPvi‡U mvB‡Kj n‡q hvq| †KD Zv‡K NvUvq bv| †KD †KD
bZzb evRvi cyivb evRvi Pvbgvwi mvMiw`Ñ Avi w`be¨vcx Miæi Mvwoi Pj| e¨vcviUv‡K G‡Kev‡i wfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
meLv‡bB Zvi VuvB| PjvP‡ji cwiwa Zvi GLv‡bB NUbvUv AvKw¯§K N‡U hvq| we‡kølY Kij| Avjøvni iv‡n Qvov Miæ Zvi
w`b w`b ev‡o| cvm‡cvU© wfmvi evjvB †bBÑ wbZvšÍ `ye©j `yÕwU ej` AwZ‡evSvB GKUv Mvwo Avjv`v gi‡Zvev _vK‡ZB cv‡i|
cvwLi gZÑ hZ`~i †Zvgvi Wvbvi †Rvi| †Kvb †Kvbg‡Z †U‡b Uz‡b kn‡ii w`‡K hvw”Qj| †QvÆ cwim‡i gvby‡li Rxe‡b ˆewPΨ
†Kvb †PvL †h G‡Kev‡i UvUvq bv Zv bq; †PvL Zv‡`i mvg‡bi cv †cQ‡bi cv †n‡j`y‡j †Zgb _v‡K bv| Zz”QvwZZz”Q NUbvI †mLv‡b
UvUvq, PKPK K‡i; †jv‡f wRe wf‡R hvqÑ wKš‘ hv‡”Q| nvo wRiwR‡i kixi, Zvi Dci Aweivg AwZ gvÎvq Av‡jvob †Zv‡j| Zvici GKmgq
Kvjyi Wvb Diæi Dci iÿvKe‡Pi gZ R¡j R¡j cuvPbevwo| Wvbw`‡Ki Kvwnj MiæwUi Kk †e‡q Avevi w_wZ‡qI hvq| Kvjyi †ejvqI ZvB nj|
K‡i bwjbLy‡ovi ÔGÕ Aÿ‡ii Qvc| †jvfx‡`i mv`v †dbv †duvUvq †duvUvq Si‡Q| †m Zvi `yÕPviRb Qvov †m NUbv GLb Avi Kv‡iv g‡bI
†Kv_vq †hb wK GKUv fq KvR K‡i| RxebI Uvb‡Z cvi‡Q bv| MvwoI Uvb‡Z cvi‡Q c‡o bv| †h hvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b e¨¯Í| †hLv‡b
B`vbxs Kvjy‡K wb‡q AevK Kiv me K_v bv| Kvjy e‡m e‡m `„k¨wU GZÿY †`LwQj| mgvR iv‡óª N‡U hvIqv NUbvB ¸iæZ¡ nvivq,
†kvbv hvq| Mvwo‡Nvov †Kvb wKQz gv‡b bv †m| Amy¯’ KzKz‡ii ckg IVv kix‡ii gZ iv¯ÍvUvi we¯§„wZi AZ‡j Zwj‡q hvqÑ †mLv‡b Kvjy‡K
B”Qv nj †Zv iv¯Ívi gvSLvb w`‡qB nuvU‡Z ïiæ `kv| Mvwoi Pv°v evievi Uvj Lv‡”Q| K¨vP‡KvP g‡b ivLv †Kvb ¯^vfvweK e¨vcviI bq| †m †Zv
Kij| wcQ‡b Mvwo‡Nvovi jvBb †j‡M hvq, kã Ki‡Z Ki‡Z MvwoUv hLb Av‡iv GKUz GKUv cïgvÎ| Kvjy Lvq `vq †Nv‡i †d‡iÑ
wKš‘ †m wbwe©Kvi nuv‡U| GKUz †h mvBW UvBW Kv‡Q Gj Kvjy Mv Svov w`‡q DVjÑ GKUz GKUz †Rjv kn‡ii Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P KL‡bv gvby‡li
†`qvÑ ZvI K‡i bv| K‡i GwM‡q wM‡q iv¯Ívi wVK gvSLv‡b †hw`K cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq, Zvici †hLv‡b B”Qv †mLv‡b
nVvrB nq‡Zv Xz‡K coj †Kvb evRv‡i| †_‡K MvwoUv Avm‡Q †mw`K gyL K‡i `uvovj| ï‡q ï‡q Rvei Kv‡U| Z‡e †mB NUbvi ci
Xz‡KB †h wKQz‡Z gyL †`‡e Zv wKš‘ bq| AcÖk¯Í iv¯Ív, Gfv‡e gy‡LvgywL `uvov‡j †Kvb `yÕGKUv NUbv BZ¯ÍZ †h N‡Uwb, ZvI bq,
†n‡j `y‡j nuv‡U| Gcvk †_‡K Icvk| †hb c‡ÿiB G‡Mv‡bv m¤¢e bq| Mv‡ovqvb Kvjy‡K N‡U‡Q| Z‡e †Zgb wKQz bq| †hgb gy‡L gy‡L
G RvqMvwU Zvi Rwg`vwii AvIZvq c‡o| Zvovevi Rb¨ †ek K‡qKevi ûk nvm †nB ûB Qwo‡q c‡owQj †Zgb bq; gvbyl A‡`Lv NUbvi
†`vKvwbivI wbwe©Kvi| Zviv I‡K †P‡b| Kij wKš‘ Kvjy wbwe©Kvi, APj AvUj `uvwo‡q Dci †h A‡jŠwKK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡iwQj wVK
Avjøvni iv‡n Qvov Kvjy‡K †`‡L ï‡b ivLvi Av‡Q| bovPovi mvgvb¨ jÿYI Zvi g‡a¨ †m iKg bq|
`vq mevi| eis Zviv Pvq GKUv wKQz‡Z gyL †`Lv †Mj bv| ej` `yÕ‡Uv GZÿ‡Y †hb GKUz nq‡Zv Gfv‡eB GKmgq gvbyl Kvjy‡K
w`K| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv aviYv Kvjy wb‡Ri wekªv‡gi my‡hvM †cj| Zviv `uvwo‡q c‡o‡Q| fy‡j †hZ wKš‘ nvmcvZvj †iv‡Wi NUbvq
B”Qvq Kv‡iv wKQz‡Z gyL w`‡j Zvi wewµevÆv Nv‡oi Nv¸‡jv `M`‡M jvj‡P, †mLv‡b GKUv †mUv Avi m¤¢e nj bv| Av‡M wc‡Q `yÕwU Miæi
†e‡o hv‡e| `yÕ‡Uv Wz‡gv gvwQ Do‡Q| ej‡`iv †Rvqv‡ji Mvwo AvmwQj bZzb evRv‡ii w`K †_‡K| m`i
Kvjyi wK g‡b c‡o Zvi Mf©avwiYx gv‡K wb‡P †mB Nv‡qi hš¿Yv wb‡q `uvwo‡q wZiwZi †ivW a‡i Avm‡Z Avm‡Z †Rj‡M‡Ui mvg‡b
A_ev AvRy dwKi‡K A_ev †mB MÖvg †hLv‡b K‡i Kuvc‡Q Avi nuvcv‡”Q| Kvjy Mvwoi mvg‡b †_‡K Kvjy euv‡q †gvo wbjÑ nVvrB| G‡Kev‡i
wSg `ycy‡i cvKz‡oi cvZv evZv‡mi m‡½ kã GKUv A‡f`¨ †`qv‡ji gZ `vwo‡q †Mj| mvgbvmvgwb n‡q †Mj| cj‡K cÖKvÊ kixiUv
K‡i bv‡P, g‡b c‡o bv bwjbLy‡ovÑ Qvcgviv Iw`‡K Mv‡ovqvb Mjv DuwP‡q wPrKvi Ki‡Q cÖPÊ MwZ‡Z wkO euvwK‡q Mvwoi w`‡K †a‡q
Abyôvb? G eo †Nvi inm¨! g‡b co‡jI gvbyl wKš‘ Zv‡Z †Kvb KvR n‡”Q bv| nv‡Zi †QvÆ †Mj| †KD wKQz †evSvi Av‡MB †Rvqvj-†Rvov
KL‡bv Rvb‡e bv †m K_v| gvbyl †Zv gvby‡li cvuPwb w`‡q Kvjy‡K AvNvZ Kivi fq †`Lv‡”Q ej‡`i †c‡U wkO ewm‡q w`j Kvjy| i³viw³
fvlvB †ev‡S bv, Kvjyi †ev‡ai m‡½, fvlvi wKš‘ Zv‡Z Kvjyi †Pv‡L GKevi cjKI coj KvÊ| Pvwiw`‡K †PuPv‡gwP wPrKvi gvby‡li
m‡½ Zvi †`Lv nq wK K‡i? KvjyI wK Gfv‡e bv| †m c_I Qvo‡Q bv fqI cv‡”Q bv eis û‡jøvo ïiæ n‡q †Mj| Kvjy ZLb gË gvZ‡½i
gvby‡li fvlv †ev‡S bv? G eo †Nvi inm¨! bvK w`‡q †duvm †duvm AvIqvR †ei Ki‡Q, gZ aŸs‡m †g‡Z‡Q| hv‡K Zv‡K wkO euvwK‡q

20
†Z‡o hv‡”Q| GKevi Mvwoi Kv‡Q Av‡m †LvÆv †Pnvivq f‡i hvq k¨vgj evsjvi k¯¿, gv_vi †nj‡gU Zv‡`i AviI D™¢U
GKevi gvby‡li Kv‡Q hvq| Kv‡jv gvqvex bMi e›`i| knigq A™¢zZ me Mvwo Ny‡i K‡i‡Q, gvby‡li gZ jv‡M bv| µ‡g
†PvL`yÕ‡Uv †Kgb mwnsm PÊv‡ji iƒc aviY †eovq| mk¯¿ ˆmwbK wi·vq wKsev cv‡q µ‡g GwM‡q Avmv Mvwoi mvg‡b Kvjy
K‡i‡Q, †Pv‡Li mv`v Ask †`Lv hv‡”Q †nu‡U PjvPj K‡i; m‡½ wKQz †`kx †dD `uvwo‡q †Mj cvnv‡oi gZ| Mv‡ovqvb wK
Zv‡Z †Pnviv Av‡iv exfrm Av‡iv fqsKi f‡q f‡q Zv‡`i AbymiY K‡i| w`‡b Zey †hb ejvi †Póv Ki‡Q wKš‘ wcQ‡b emv
n‡q DV‡Q| c_Pvixiv Mv‡ovqvb‡`i iv¯Ív Nv‡U gvbylRb †Pv‡L c‡o wKš‘ ivZ cÖvYx¸‡jv Zv‡K agKv‡”Q|
D‡Ï‡k wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Q, ÔMiæ †Q‡o bvg‡jB fzZz‡o wbR©bZv bv‡g| KL‡bv Kvjy bo‡Q bv GK PzjIÑ †hb GK
`vIÑ Miæ †Q‡o `vIÑ Mvwo †Q‡o †b‡g Av‡jv _v‡K KL‡bv Auvavi| w`‡bi †P‡q Kvjv cvnvo| Mvwoi w`‡K ZvwK‡q `„wóUv
Av‡mvÑ †Nvi wec` n‡eÕ| AvnZ ej`wU ivZ‡K fq †ewk| Kv‡Q `~‡i wewPÎ ¸wji Zvi GKUz e`‡j hv‡”Q| †PvL`yÕ‡Uv Nyi‡Q
e‡m c‡o‡Q d‡j Mvwo euvKv n‡q Av‡Q, kã; †KvbUv GKevi `yBevi n‡q †_‡g †Kgb A¯^vfvweK| bvK gyL w`‡q †duvm
Mv‡ovqvbiv †Kvbg‡Z †Rvqvj Ly‡j ej` hvq, †KvbUv Avevi `xN©ÿY Vv Vv k‡ã †duvm kã †ei懔Q| MvwoUv Avi GKUz
gy³ K‡i wb‡Riv wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ wM‡q iv‡Zi AÜKvi we`xY© K‡i| weRb iv‡Z G¸‡ZB ej` `yÕ‡Uv †eu‡K emj| Zviv
`uvovj, Avi Agwb Kvjyi Av‡µv‡ki KL‡bv G gvwUi gvby‡li KiæY Kvbœvi kã Avi GK cvI G¸‡”Q bv| `yÕwZbevi Kvjy
cÖPÊZv cošÍ S‡ov nvIqvi gZ big n‡Z †f‡m Av‡m evZv‡m, KL‡bv Pvcv DjøvmÑ gv_vUv Gw`K Iw`K Kij, evi `yB PvwR©s
ïiæ Kij| †NviZi `yw`©‡b mveavb evYx ïwb‡q hvq ey‡ji gZ gv_v wb‡P bvgvj Dc‡i IVvj|
†h AvPiY †evSv hvq bv A_ev AÜKvi iv‡Zi evZvm| GK mgq wkO`yÕ‡Uv gvwUi KvQvKvwQ wb‡q
we‡køl‡Yi kw³ gvby‡li †bB Zv‡K wN‡iB mvivivZ a‡i Kvjy †mB evZvm Mv‡q †Mj; †UKAd Kivi Av‡M †cøb †hgb
inm¨ `vbv euv‡a| †mB w`‡bi ci †_‡K gv‡L| Mv QgQg Lvwj iv¯Ívq †m GKv ivbI‡q‡Z w¯’i n‡q GKUz `uvovq †Zgwb
Kvjy Avevi N‡i N‡i gy‡L gy‡LÑ G‡Kev‡i nv‡U| GMwj IMwj, Giv¯Ív Iiv¯Ív, evRvi w¯’i n‡q K‡qKUv gyn~Z© `uvovjÑ ZviciB
kxl© Lei| KZ K_vB †h `y‡ev©a¨ cÖvYxwU‡K nuvUÑ Kv‡iv evwoi D‡Vvb A_ev KvPvwii Icv‡ki †KD wKQz †evSvi Av‡MB cÖPÊ
wb‡q n‡”Q Zvi wn‡me ivLv hv‡”Q bv| wmuwo‡Z LvwbKUv wRwi‡q †bq| Zvici iæ`ª g~wZ‡Z© Suvwc‡q coj| Mv‡ovqvb
ev”Pv ey‡ov mevB Zv‡K wb‡q Mí evbv‡”Q| Avevi nuv‡UÑ b`xi cvi a‡i cvg Mv‡Qi GK jv‡d Mvwo †Q‡o †b‡g coj| ej` nq‡Zv
†h †Pv‡L †`‡Lwb †mI †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Q e‡j mvwi †Nu‡l P‡j hvq Pvbgvix wKsev mvMiw`i `yÕ‡Uv †Rvqv‡ji `wo wQu‡o †ewi‡q †MjÑ
`vwe Ki‡Q| †h hv ïb‡Q Zvi m‡½ iO w`‡K| euv‡q _v‡K b`x KxZ©b‡LvjvÑ †mI Mvwo KvZ| †KD wKQz eyS‡Z bv eyS‡ZB Gfv‡eB
wgwk‡q A‡b¨i Kv‡Q Ab¨fv‡e cwi‡ekb GwM‡q hvq e‡½vcmvM‡ii w`‡K| wbïwZ Kvjy Zvi Kv‡jv KzPKz‡P wk‡O †Mu‡_ GKmgq
Ki‡Q| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Kvjy cÖwZw`b iv‡Z KviI hLb mvov †bB, †KD hLb A¯¿avix‡`i GKUv‡K DuwP‡q †djjÑ cÖvq gvbyl
†Pv‡L †`Lv Kvjy Avi _vK‡Q bv, cv‡ë †R‡M †bB †Kv_vIÑ ZLb KvjyB †Kej wbtk‡ã Zzgyj GK hy× ïiæ n‡q †Mj|
hv‡”Q Zvi AvKvi AvK…wZ ¸Yvejx| mf‡q †R‡M _v‡K| knigq †nu‡U †nu‡U ivZ ZLbB ¸o–g ¸o–g ¸wji kã nj Kvjy‡K fy‡j
m¤£‡g mevB Avcb g‡b †nu‡U hvIqv †fvi K‡i| wecyjecy wbtkã Kvjy inm¨gq w`M‡šÍ| Kvjy †hb w`wM¦w`K Ávbk~b¨Ñ †hZ wKš‘
Kvjy‡K †`‡L ïay| iv‡Zi inm¨ AviI evwo‡q †`q, k~b¨Zvi Av‡iv †ec‡ivqv Av‡iv cÖPÊ n‡q DVj|
wec` n‡q‡Q Miæi MvwoIqvjv‡`i| inm¨gvLv Kx GKUv mgq Mwo‡q hvq! Dchy©cywi wk‡Oi ¸‡Zvq AvnZ ˆmwbKwU nvmcvZvj
kn‡i †XvKvi gy‡L Zv‡`i we‡klfv‡e Gfv‡eB kÎæKewjZ kn‡i GKw`b †bwZ‡q c‡o‡Q gvwU‡Z| hy×evRiv †iv‡Wi
Lei wb‡Z nq †Kvb c‡_ Kvjy GLb ivZ dzwi‡q w`‡bi Av‡jv dzUwQj gvÎ| gvbyl gv‡i wKš‘ GLv‡b †K Kv‡K gvi‡e
GB gyn~‡Z© nuvUvnuvwU Ki‡Q A_ev wekªvg ZL‡bv bZzb m~‡h©i Av‡jvKQUv my`~iMvgx hy×evRivI wVK ey‡S DV‡Z cvi‡Q bv| NUbvq
wb‡”Q| †KD †KD Nyic‡_ hvq, †KD †KD KxZ©b‡Lvjvi iæcvjx †mªv‡Z c‡owb| hviv we¯§‡q nZevK Zviv GKUz `~‡i wM‡q †mUv Avi
Kvjy Av‡Q †R‡bI †mB c‡_B hvq Z‡e Nywg‡q wQj Zviv †KD Rv‡Mwb| wbwe©ev` A¯¿ ZvK K‡i| Mv‡ovqvb †uPwP‡q I‡V,
mvgvb¨ †KŠkj K‡i| Kvjy Avm‡Q Rvb‡j evZvm Qzu‡q hvw”Qj Mv‡Qi kvLv cÖkvLv, Ôgvi‡eb bv, gvi‡eb bvÕ m‡½ m‡½ GKwU
m¤¢e nj
Zviv Mvwo †_‡K ej` †Q‡o †`q| c‡_i cvZv cjøe, b`xi K~j| ¸wj Zv‡K G‡duvo K‡i †d‡j| wQU&‡K bv| Av‡M
cv‡k Mvwo ï‡q _v‡K, ej‡`iv Nvm Lvq ivZRvMv Kvjy mvivivZ †nu‡U †nu‡U †m Mwo‡q c‡o iv¯Ívi Xv‡j| wVK GKB wc‡Q `yÕwU
Avi ZvB †`‡L Kvjy wbwe©Kvi †nu‡U P‡j GKUz eywS-ev K¬všÍ| w`M‡šÍ K‡qKwU mg‡q Av‡iv GK SuvK ¸wj wbR©b Elvi
hvq| GB GLb wbqg n‡q‡Q G kn‡i| G ¸wji kã Gcvk †_‡K Icv‡k Mwo‡q wmœ» evZvm Kuvwc‡q w`‡q Vv Vv i‡e M‡S© Miæi Mvwo
AÂj wb‡q gvbyl bvbvb K_v e‡jÑ Zv †m †Mj| Kvjy GKevi †mw`‡K Nvo euvKv DVj| Kvjy b‡o I‡VÑ nKPwK‡q hvq, AvmwQj
gvby‡li LvU‡Z cv‡i, cïcvwLi †ejvqI K‡i ZvKvj ïay, Zvici mwÜcÖKvk Kv‡ji Uvj mvgjv‡Z cv‡i bvÑ Pvi cv‡ki
†h ZvB n‡e GgbUv †Zv fvevB hvq bv| wbR©b fzZz‡o c‡_ ˆbtk‡ãi inm¨ Mv‡q RMr Zvi `y‡j I‡V Zzgyj, wKš‘ †m c‡o bZzb
KxZ©b‡Lvjv b`xi cv‡i GB kni| Rwo‡q GwM‡q †Mj mvg‡bi w`‡K| Gc_ hvq bvÑ MMb‡f`x cv_y‡i cvnv‡oi gZ evRv‡ii
†Rvqv‡i b`xi cvwb ev‡o, `yÕKz‡ji Lvj GNvU Zvi AwZ cwiwPZ GKvšÍ Avcb `uvwo‡q _v‡K| M`©vb †_‡K wdbwK w`‡”Q
wej cyKzi †Wvevq †Nvjv cvwb Xz‡K c‡o, Ges Zvi cÖwZcwËi AvIZvq| †ewk `~i Revi gZ jvj i³| `yÕ†Pv‡Li †KvYv w`K †_‡K|
Rj ˆ_ ˆ_ w`Mw`MšÍ; Avevi fvUvq cvwb hvqwb KvjyÑ K¨vP&‡KvP kã nj mvg‡bi †_‡K S‡i S‡i co‡Q `yamv`v ïK‡bv m`i †ivW
bv‡gÑ cvwb †b‡g †M‡j †cje cwj †j‡M AveQv c‡_| GKLvbv Miæi Mvwo †`Lv gvwU‡Z| ax‡i ax‡i AvKv‡ki w`‡K gyL a‡i Avm‡Z
_v‡K gvwUi Mvq; fvOv Kjmx evmb †Mj Gw`‡K Avm‡Q, wKš‘ AevK e¨vcvi Zzjj †mÑ bvfxg~j †_‡K D‡V Gj gZ©
†Kvm‡bi PvovqÑ ey‡ov Mv‡Qi SziSz‡i Zv‡Z †Kvb gvj †bB| Kvjy cÖ_gUvq wVK Kuvcv‡bv û¼vi| G‡Ki ci GK| `yBÑ Avm‡Z
wkKo wgwn gvwU Mv‡q †g‡L K¼v‡ji gZ eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| Miæ Av‡Q Mvwo Av‡Q PviÑ mvZÑ `k †Rv‡i Av‡iv †Rv‡iÑ †Rj‡M‡Ui
Szj‡Z _v‡K; bjLvMov Qb †nvMjvi eb Mv‡ovqvbI Av‡Q wKš‘ Mvwo †evSvB gvj kix‡ii kw³ †kl nevi Av‡M †hb †m G
kix‡i †Rvqv‡ii `vM wb‡q evZv‡m †`vj †bB| GZw`b †hgb †`‡L Af¨¯Í wVK msev` †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z Pvq mylyß bMixi N‡i mvg‡b †_‡K
Lvq| Gfv‡eB Kv‡U `yÕwZbUv eQiÑ b`xi, †Zgb bq; wfbœ iKg K‡qKUv cÖvYx e‡m N‡i cÖwZwU †KvYvq| Kvjy euv‡q
b`xcv‡ii gvby‡li Ges Kvjyi| Av‡Q| Zv‡`i †cvkvK-AvkvK †Pnviv-
¯^vaxbZv hy× ïiæ n‡j b`xi cv‡i myiZ †KvbUv‡ZB mPivPi †`Lv gvby‡li Lvqiæj Avjg meyR †gvo wbjÑ
`Lj`vi kÎæ‡mbv‡`i QvDwb c‡o| m‡½ wgj †bB| Zvi Dci nv‡Zaiv A¯¿ bU, bvU¨Kvi, Kwe K_vmvwnwZ¨K nVvrB|

21
wnw›` Mí

MZ †mvgevi
m Zx k R gv wj
MÖx‡®§i fiv `ycyi| GKwU U¨vw·| mo‡Ki Ici w`‡q hvw”Qj| PvjK nVvr †eªK K‡i _vwg‡q w`j| evB‡i
Gj| eqm Zvi cÖvq cÂvk eQi| Zvi nv‡Z GKwU e›`yK| †jvKwU †`L‡Z f`ª‡Mv‡Qi| †hb †Kvb `߇ii
g¨v‡bRvi|
†jvKwU nv‡Zi e›`yKwU Kuv‡a Szwj‡q †bq| Zvi Lvwj `yÕ‡Uv nvZ Pz‡ji †fZi Pvwj‡q Zv †mU K‡i| GKB
m‡½ †m Zvi Pvicv‡k `„wó eywj‡q †bq| Zvi †Pv‡L PgK| GB fi`ycy‡i AwaKvsk `iRvB eÜ| wKš‘ mvg‡bi
GK eviv›`vq †Pqv‡i e‡m wSgy‡Z _vKv GK e„× Zvi bR‡i c‡o| Zuv‡K †`‡L e›`yKIqvjvi †Pv‡Li PgK
AviI †e‡o †Mj| †m GwM‡q wM‡q Kv‡Vi ˆZwi eo †MUwU †Lv‡j Ges `k-ev‡iv cv †nu‡U IB e„‡×i mvg‡b
wM‡q `uvovq| Zvi KvQvKvwQ GKUv AùzU kã Abyfe K‡i e„× mRvM n‡q I‡V| e„‡×i eqm mËi eQ‡ii Kg
n‡e| wZwb ej‡jb, Ôejyb, wKQz KvR Av‡Q?
†jvKwU Zvi Kuv‡a †Svjv‡bv e›`yK nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡qwQj| ejj, ÔAvwg Avcbv‡K ¸wj Ki‡Z PvB|Õ
e„× nvm‡jb, Ô †Kb gkKiv Ki‡Qb?Õ
ÔAvwg Avcbvi m‡½ VvÆv Ki‡Z hve †Kb?Õ
ÔwKš‘ Avcwb Avgvq ¸wj Ki‡eb †Kb?Õ
22
 ÔAvgvi B‡”Q n‡q‡Q, ZvB|Õ Avi givi ci wKQzB _v‡K bv| bv B‡”Qiv, ÔAv‡i Avcbvi ¸wj jvM‡e Avi GK
e„× Avevi nvm‡jb, Ô†mRb¨B †Zv ejwQ bv B‡”Qi †jR| GLb wKš‘ Avcbv‡K gi‡Z †m‡K‡Û Avcbvi KvR m¤ú~Y© n‡q hv‡e| Gi
Avcwb gkKiv Ki‡Qb †Kb?Õ n‡e| Avwg wKš‘ Avcbvi †P‡q Kzwo-evBk †P‡q †ewk my‡Li Kvgbv †K Ki‡Z cv‡i? bv
ÔG‡Z gkKivi †Kvb welq †bB| eQ‡ii †QvU, AvwgI gi‡Z cvwi| Avi hLb n‡j e„×ve¯’vq Luywo‡q Luywo‡q g„Zz¨ wK Avcbvi
Avcbvi gZ ¸iæR‡bi m‡½ Avwg gkKiv g‡iB hv‡eb †Zv Kx ZdvrÕ fvj jvM‡e? †h cyÎ Avi ea~i Mvb Avcwb
Ki‡Z hve †Kb?Õ †m Zvi e›`yK †mvRv Ôejv Lye †mvRv|Õ MvB‡Qb, Rvwb bv †ivMkh¨vq Zviv Avcbvi
Ki‡Z _v‡K| ÔGgb K_v e‡j Avcwb Avgvq fveyK †mev Ki‡eI wK bv?Õ
e„× GKUz e¨vKzj n‡jb, Ô wKš‘ †Kb, Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Avcbv‡K †Zv GLb ÔAvcbvi K_v Avwg eyS‡Z cviwQ|
Avcwb Avgvq ¸wj Ki‡eb †Kb?Õ gi‡ZB n‡e| Avcwb euvP‡Z cvi‡eb bv|Õ Avcwb fzj ej‡Qb bv| wKš‘ ZeyI †Kb Rvwb
Ôe¨m, Avgvi g‡b B‡”Q n‡q‡Q ZvB| bv GLb Avwg gi‡Z PvB bv|Õ
Avwg †Zv Avgvi Kv‡R hvw”Qjvg| nVvr Avgvi ÔGUv †Zv n‡ZB cv‡i bv| Avcbv‡K
g‡b nj KvD‡K ¸wj Kwi| Avwg Avgvi Mvwo †Zv GLb gi‡ZB n‡e| Avgvi B‡”Q n‡”Q
_vgvB| Av‡kcv‡k ZvwK‡q †`L‡Z cvB Avcbv‡K gyn~Z© e¨q bv K‡i ¸wj Kwi| Ges
Avcwb GLv‡b e‡m Av‡Qb| Avcbvi †P‡q Zv AwZ Aek¨B Kie|Õ
DËg Avi †K n‡Z cv‡i? ZvB Avwg †fZ‡i ÔGUv wK n‡Z cv‡i bv †h Avcwb cybivq
P‡j Avwm Avi GLb Avcbvi mvg‡b `uvwo‡q Avcbvi K_vwU wePvi K‡i †`L‡eb?Õ
AvwQ| GLb Avcbv‡K Avgvi nvZ †_‡K †KD ÔwePvi! wePvi †Zv Avwg Av‡MI Kwiwb|
euvPv‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avwg Avcbv‡K GLywb ¸wj †Zv GLb Kxfv‡e wePvi Kie? Avgvi B‡”Q
Kie| e„× GLb GKUz fq †c‡jb, Ô wKš‘ n‡qwQj †h Avcbv‡K ¸wj Kie, ZvB Avwg
Avwg †Zv Avcbv‡K wPwb bv|Õ †MU Ly‡j †fZ‡i G‡mwQjvg|
ÔAvwgI Avcbv‡K wPwb bv|Õ e„× GLb mvsNvwZK wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡ob|
ÔAvwg †Zv KLbI Avcbvi †Kvb ÿwZ wZwb Zvi Zi‡d †kl cÖv_©bv¯^iƒc e‡jbÑ
Kwiwb|Õ ÔfvB Avgv‡K ÿgv K‡i `vI|Õ Zvi †Pv‡L
ÔAvwg KLb e‡jwQ?Õ GLb †m eyS‡Z Rj Qj‡K Av‡m|
cvij †h ZvB IiKg dvjZz K_v ej‡Qb| e›`yKIqvjv nv‡m| e‡j, ÔhLb Avcwb
wKš‘ Avcwb AvR euvP‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †Kvb AcivaB K‡ibwb, †Zv ÿgv †Kb
Avcbv‡K gi‡Z n‡eB|Õ PvB‡Qb? Gme g„Zz¨fq Qvov wKQzB bq|
e„‡×i g‡b nj mvg‡bi †jvKwU †ek Avcbvi GB fq Avwg G¶zwY `~i KiwQ|Õ
M¤¢xi, ÔAvcwb Avgv‡KB †Kb gvi‡Z Pvb?Õ †m e›`yK IVvq| e„‡×i ey‡K iv‡L Avi
ÔG Avgvi AmnvqZv| AvcwbB cÖ_‡g †Nvov wU‡c †`q| ¸wj Pjvi kã Avi †QvU
Avgvi bR‡i c‡o‡Qb| n‡Z cv‡i Avcbvi GKUv AvZ©bv`| e„× ILv‡bB jywU‡q c‡o|
¯’v‡b hw` Avwg Ab¨ KvD‡K †cZvg †Zv Avwg †jvKwU Zvi Kuv‡a e›`yK †Svjvq Ges
Iw`‡K P‡j †hZvg|Õ †MU Ly‡j evB‡i †ewi‡q iv¯Ívq P‡j Av‡m|
ÔAvcwb cybivq GKevi †Póv Ki‡Z Zvi †Pnvivq wQj kvwšÍ| wb‡Ri Mvwo‡Z e‡m
cv‡ib|Õ †m mvg‡bi w ‡ki wKQz †jvK ILv‡b Ro nq|
ÔGLb Avcwb gkKiv Ki‡Qb|Õ c‡i Ab¨ wKQz †jvKI Av‡m| wKš‘ KviI
ÔZvn‡j wVK Av‡Q fvB, †hgb †Zvgvi gv_vq wKQz XzKj bv|
B”Qv| hLb Zzwg Avgv‡K gi‡ZB PvBQ †Zv e„× Lye fq †c‡q hvb| wZwb wKQzB G NUbv ev `yN©Ubv Lye †ewkw`b nqwb|
Avwg Kx Ki‡Z cvwi? Avgvi gZ GK e„× eyS‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv †h Kx Ki‡eb ev Kx GUv gvÎ MZ †mvgev‡ii K_v| ZLb
Kx-B ev Ki‡Z cv‡i? ej‡eb hv‡Z GB ARvbv msKU †_‡K euvPv cv‡ki cøvRv w_‡qUv‡i †gwUwb †kv ïiæ n‡Z
e›`yKIqvjvi g‡b nj †hb GB e„× hvq| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔwVK Av‡Q| Avcwb hLb hvw”Qj|
GLb gi‡Z Pvq bvÑ ÔRxe‡bi cÖwZ Avcbvi Avgv‡K gvivi wm×všÍ cvKv K‡iB †d‡j‡Qb Abyev` mybxj AvPvh©
GZ †gvn †Kb? Avcwb †Zv GZw`b euvP‡jb| †Zv Avwg ˆZwi| ïay Avgv‡K cuvP wgwb‡Ui
evnvËi eQi wK Kg nj? GLb nq‡Zv mgq w`b hv‡Z Avwg cyÎea~‡K eywS‡q w`‡Z †jLK cwiwPwZ
Avcbvi bvwZ-bvZwbiv i‡q‡Q| Avcbvi Avi cvwi †h Avgvi KvMRcÎ †Kv_vq †Kv_vq mZxk Rgvwj 1940 mv‡ji 17 AvM÷ cÄv‡ei
Rxe‡b Kx †`Lvi Av‡Q?| Qwo‡q wQwU‡q c‡o Av‡Q| Avgvi AvKw¯§K cvVvb‡Kv‡U Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wnw›` mvwn‡Z¨i
ÔAvwg wKQz †`L‡Z PvB bv| Avwg g„Zz¨‡Z GB †ePviv‡`i Lye Amyweav n‡e|Õ ÔmgvbvšÍi K_v Av‡›`vj‡biÕ GKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
K_vKvi| 1972 mv‡j Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖš’ cÖ_g
AZ¨šÍ mš‘ó| wKš‘ gvby‡li B”Qvi g„Zz¨ nq ÔGUvB †Zv Avwg ejwQjvg †h †gvn Z¨vM
cyiæl cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi G hver cÖKvwkZ
bv| †hgb AvR‡KB mܨvq †Q‡j AvBmwµg Kiæb| GB me wPšÍv †eKvi| Avcbvi g„Zz¨i MÖš’¸wj njÑ _‡K nv‡i, VvKzi msev`, mncvVx,
wb‡q Avm‡e| †m Awd‡m hvevi mgq e‡j ci †K Kuv`vj-MvBj Avi †K wPwšÍZ nj, G e‡”P, RsM Rvwi| cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨v‡mi bvg
wM‡qwQj| wKš‘ Gme K_v Avcwb †Kb K_v †Zv Avcwb Rvb‡ZB cvi‡eb bv| Zvn‡j cÖwZe× wZmwi `ywbqv, Qào †Uvjv| AvZsKev‡`i
eyS‡eb? Avcwb hLb Avgvi eq‡m †cuŠQ‡eb †f‡e D`vm n‡”Qb †Kb? Avcwb fvM¨evb †h †cÖwÿ‡Z iwPZ ÔMZ †mvgeviÕ (wcQ‡j †mvgevi)
ZLb Abyfe Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡eb|Õ Avcwb myLKi g„Zz¨ jvf Ki‡Qb|Õ MíwU mZxk Rgvwji GKwU eûPwP©Z Mí| wnw›`
Ô†`Lyb, gvbyl †h †Kvb eq‡m gi‡Z cv‡i e„× Avðh©PwKZÑ ÔKxfv‡e?Õ †_‡K GLv‡b Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q|

23
 AvKvk nv‡m ïå
Kv‡ki Av‡›`vj‡b
Av wg i“ j Av j g Lv b
evsjvi FZz‰ewPΨ wb‡q Kjv‡`exi Avivabvq iex›`ªbv‡_i me‡P‡q †ewk D”Q¡vm †evaKwi
el©v‡K wN‡i| el©v wb‡q wZwb hZ Mvb, hZ KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb, GgbwK FZzivR
emš—‡K wb‡qI Zv K‡ibwb| †m †¶‡Î kir iex›`ªbv‡_i bRi †K‡o‡Q, Zuvi evYx AP©bvq
†cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| kir †h me dz‡j ab¨ Zvi g‡a¨ iex›`ªbv_ e›`bv K‡i‡Qb †kdvwj‡K
me‡P‡q †ewk| ki‡Z bRi Ry‡o _v‡K †h w`Mš— Av‡jv Kiv Kvkdzj ZviI Kg e›`bv
K‡ibwb wZwb| emš—, MÖx®§ ev el©vi gZ ARmª dz‡j dz‡j ki‡Z evsjvi wbmM© nq‡Zv ZZ
D™¢vwmZ bq; cÙ, kvcjv, Puv`gvjv, †kdvjx Avi KvkB cÖavb dzj ki‡Z| kir Avevn‡b
iex›`ªbv‡_i eû-DׄZ PiY `yÕwU w`‡qB ïi“ Kwi Kvkdz‡ji eY©bv,
ÔAvgiv †eu‡awQ Kv‡ki ¸”Q, Avgiv †Mu‡_wQ †kdvwjgvjvÑ
cvZvi aviv‡jv bexb av‡bi gÄix w`‡q mvwR‡q G‡bwQ Wvjv \Õ
Kz‡k we× bvq‡Ki Ab¨Î wZwb b`xgvZ…K evsjvi †mŠ›`h© eY©bvq ki‡Zi cÖavb `yÕwU dz‡ji K_v wj‡L‡Qb
eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb, Gfv‡e,
ÔKv‡ki cvZvi Ôb`xi Zx‡i Kv‡ki †`vjv,
AuvPo †j‡M‡Q wkDwj dz‡U `~‡i|Õ
Zvnvi †Kvgj Mvq, b`xZx‡iB Kvk Zvi mKj †mŠ›`‡h©i `~¨wZ Qovq| Qovq dz‡ji m‡½ evOvwj wkïi cwiPqI
`ywU ivOv cv‡q Kvkdzj w`‡qB| †QvU‡ejvq cov,
AvNvZ †j‡M‡Q ÔwPKwPK K‡i evwj †Kv_v †bB Kv`v
KwVb c‡_i Nvq|Õ `yB av‡i Kvkeb dz‡j dz‡j mv`v|Õ

24
†Kvb evOvwj fyj‡Z cv‡i? mwZ¨Kv‡ii ki‡Zi †h †mŠ›`h© Zv aiv Zvici kxZ RvwK‡q em‡j µgk wi³ wbt¯^ n‡Z _v‡K cÖK…wZ|
c‡o Kvkdz‡ji e¨vcK Dcw¯’wZ‡ZB| †m †mŠ›`‡h©i GgbB e¨vcKZv ki‡Zi cÖavb dzj †kdvjx †hb f‡q gwjb nq, cvZv Swi‡q KvOvj
†h ki‡Z †hb AvKvk Avi aivZj GKB iKg Kvkdz‡ji †fjvq mv‡R AvgjKx Avi Kvkdz‡ji w`Mš—we¯Z…Z nvwmiI N‡U Aemvb,
†f‡m P‡j| †m `„k¨ †hgb †gvnbxq, †Zgwb wmœ»| ki‡Zi AvKvk‡K Ôkx‡Zi e‡b †Kvb& †m KwVb Avm‡e eÕ‡j
iex›`ªbv_ ÔKv‡ki-Svji-†`vjv ki‡Zi kvš— AvKvkÕ e‡j eY©bv wkDwj¸wj f‡q gwjb e‡bi †Kv‡j \
K‡i‡Qb| AvKv‡k ZLb cyÄ cyÄ mv`v mv`v †g‡Ni †Ljv, †m †gN AvgjwK-Wvj mvRj KvOvj, Lwm‡q w`j cjøeRvj,
MÖx®§ ev elv©i gZ fxwZ D‡`ªKKvix bq Av‡`Š, Zv wmœ» I g‡bvni| Kv‡ki nvwm nvIqvq fvwm hvq †h P‡j \Õ
ZLb g‡b nq, Gfv‡e D”Q¡v‡m I †e`bvq iex›`ªbv_ Kvkdzj‡K Zuvi Kve¨j²xi
ÔAvKvk nv‡m ïå Kv‡ki Av‡›`vj‡bÑ DcRxe¨ K‡i‡Qb|
myi Luy‡R ZvB k~‡b¨ ZvKvB Avcb g‡b \Õ Kv‡ki cvZvi wKbviv mi“ I aviv‡jv| cjøxKwe Rmxg D`&`xb Kv‡ki
AvKv‡k †hgb mv`v †g‡Ni †fjv, †Zgwb aiYx ZLb mv`v cvZvi aviv‡jv Kz‡k we× bvq‡Ki eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb,
Kvkdz‡j Awb›`¨ my›`i| Nbbxj AvKv‡k mv`v mv`v †gN, b`xZx‡i ïå ÔKv‡ki cvZvi AuvPo †j‡M‡Q Zvnvi †Kvgj Mvq,
Kvkdzj Avi b`x‡Z bvbv i‡Oi cvj‡Zvjv †bŠKv evsjvq GKKv‡j m„wó `ywU ivOv cv‡q AvNvZ †j‡M‡Q KwVb c‡_i Nvq|Õ
KiZ GK Awbe©Pbxq †mŠ›`h©| iex›`ªbv_ Zv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e, iƒcmx evsjvi Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk Kvke‡b †`‡Lb AvKv•¶vi i³,
Ôb`xi av‡i ev‡i ev‡i †gN †h †W‡K hvqÑ Ô†mB Kzn‡Ki †_‡K G‡m
ÔAv q Av q Av qÕ \ ivOv †iv`, kvwjavb, Nvm, Kvk, giv‡jiv evi-evi ivwL‡Z‡Q †X‡K
Kv‡ki e‡b ¶‡Y ¶‡Y ie D‡V‡Q ZvBÑ Avgv‡`i i“² cÖkœ, K¬vš— ¶zav, ù~U g„Zz¨Ñ Avgv‡`i wew¯§Z bxie
Ôhv B hv B hv BÕ\ †i‡L †`qÑ c„w_exi c‡_ Avwg †K‡UwQ AvuPo †Xi, AkÖ“ †MwQ †i‡L;
†g‡Ni Mv‡b Zix¸wj Zvb wgwj‡q P‡j Zey givjxiv Kvk avb †iv` Nvm G‡m-G‡m gy‡Q †`q me|Õ
cvj-†Zvjv cvLvq \Õ Kv‡ki fvlvbymvix bvg nj Kvk (ms¯‹…Z), †K‡k (evsjv),
hvwš¿K †bŠKvi Avwef©v‡e GLb †m `„k¨ Dc‡fv‡Mi Dcvq †bB| Kvm (wnw›`), Kvwn (cÄve) BZ¨vw`| 5-20 dzU j¤^v, mij, k³|
Zey GLbI AvKv‡k mv`v †g‡Ni †fjv fv‡m, b`xZx‡i †dv‡U Kvkdzj, cvZvi wKbviv mi“ I aviv‡jv| cwZZ Rwg, b`xZxi, av‡bi AvB‡j
evsjvi `„k¨ n‡q I‡V Aciƒc| Ai“YivOv †fv‡i, iƒcvjx `ycyi‡iv‡` †`Lv hvq Kvk| kx‡Z dj| †flR wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ g~j i“wPKviK,
wKsev †Mva~jxj‡Mœ AvexiivOv AvKvk, †gN, b`xZxi Avi wSwiwSwi wcË`vnbvkK, ¶qbvkK, K‡gvÏxcK, R¡vjvq DcKvix|
evZv‡m †`vjvqgvb †_vKv †_vKv Kvkdzj wg‡j Aciƒc n‡q I‡V ki‡Z evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi cÖvq me A‡j Kvk R‡b¥| b`xi av‡i
wmœ» †kvfvgq evsjvi wbmM©| Pi GjvKvq, ïK‡bv i“² GjvKvq, cvnv‡oI Kvk R‡b¥| kªxj¼vq
wKš‘ †ng‡š— S‡i †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i ïå Kvkdzj| e¨_vZzi iex›`ªbv_ 6000 dzU Dc‡iI Kvkdzj †dv‡U| mv`v cvj‡Ki gZ big Kvkdzj
ZvI D‡jøL Ki‡Z †fv‡jbwb, mevi wcÖq| Gramineae cwiev‡ii Z…YRvZxq Kv‡ki ˆeÁvwbK
Ôwn‡gi iv‡Z IB MM‡bi `xc¸wj‡i bvg Saccharum Spontaneum (cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`‡m¨i bvg
†ngwš—Kv Kij †Mvcb AvuPj wN‡i \ Eragrotis Cynsoroides)|
N‡i N‡i WvK cvVv‡jv Ñ Ô`xcvwjKvq R¡vjvI Av‡jv, kiZ iRbx‡Z †hb ÔKv‡ki e‡b jywU‡q c‡o ïK¬vmßgxi †R¨vrmœv|Õ
k~b¨ GLb dz‡ji evMvb, †`v‡qj †KvwKj Mv‡n bv Mvb,
Kvk S‡i hvq b`xi Zx‡i \Õ Avwgi“j Avjg Lvb wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK

25
K we Zv
AeavwiZ
A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß
hLbB †f‡ewQ wPivqZ
G‡m‡Q Avgvi eviv›`vq
g›`vi Mv‡Qi eyK †_‡K †k¦ZmLx
GKwU cjøe L‡m hvq|
A‡a©›`y PµeZ©x
eviv›`v hw`I GKdvwj,
Kvi Qvqv ¯§iY-A‡hvM¨ GB A‡nZzK ¯§„wZN‡i
gReyZ, A_P mywebxZ,
evievi Av‡m hvq? igYxi? `‡¤¢i? evwY‡R¨i?
GKwUgvÎ MvQ wb‡q Lywk,
cÖ_‡g KvwjKU, AZt, mvjsKviv cjvkx cÖvšÍ‡i
G wb‡q Av¯úa©v Kwiwb †Zv!
`xN©Zg hvÎv wQj AÜ wK¬bœ mvgªv‡R¨i
KL‡bv wbtk‡ã, KL‡bv JׇZ¨, Kfz aŸwbgq
Zey †Kb AvgviB D‡Vv‡b
evsjvi †mvbvi av‡b, dz‡j, Nv‡m, e‡½vcmvM‡i,
g›`v‡ii AšÍt¯’j †_‡K
Kfz Aweivg we‡ùviY, †eBgvwb, wK¬‡k bqQq
evisevi S‡i hvq cvZv,
P‡jwQj MÖv‡g M‡Ä nv‡U f½yi Pvjvq †KvVvN‡i|
we‡klZ †hB Abk¦i
†n weeY© wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj, AwZ mn‡RB
cvZv-bv- Sivi cÖwZkÖæwZ
me Mv_v fz‡j hvIqv †hZ, wKš‘, †k¦ZmLx
wjwce× K‡i w`‡Z Pvq,
Zzwg †h KwVb `uvwo‡qQ GB e‡½, GLv‡bB
AwaKš‘ wm‡g›U QvovB
_vK‡Z PvI cÖfzi cÖZxK n‡q †hgwZ cvZKx
evrm‡j¨ AUzU eviv›`vq!
fvOv GB ¯^iv‡R Aaybv gRv gvi‡Q wbiæ‡ØM
Lywk LywkÑ GUv wK †VKv‡Z cv‡i †jv‡Ki Av‡eM?

GB AbšÍ ivZ
CwkZv fv`yox
QwÎk Bw gv‡ci weQvbvq
Q-Bw Zzwg wb‡q Avqjv S‡oi c‡i
evwK Ask Avgv‡K w`‡j gbxk †gŠwjK
Avwg wK cvwi
AZ duvK wb‡Z? my›`ieb `k b¤^i jv‡U †Rwjqv‡Zvo,
AZ ivM? AZ k~b¨Zv? bvivbcyi, ayjm‡i ÎvY wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb huviv,
Avwg wK cvwi? AvR Zuviv wd‡i G‡m‡Qb|
a¯Í, K¬všÍ, wenŸj| †hb iæ×evK|
QwÎk Bw gv‡ci weQvbvq Zuv‡`iB GKRb `xN©k¦vm †d‡j ej‡jb,
gvÎ Q-Bw hw` Ab¨ me K_v GLb _vK|
bvI Zzwg eyS‡jb gv÷vi, mg¯Í †`‡Lï‡b, GBev‡i n‡q‡Q cÖZ¨q;
Kxfv‡e †be Avwg AvR Avwg †R‡b †MwQ w¯’iÑ
GB AbšÍ ivZ? AvRb¥ Kvbv-Kvjv c„w_ex‡Z A‡b‡KB Av‡Q,
ˆP‡Îi ay‡jv So? wKš‘ Ck¦i me‡P‡q †ewk AÜ-ewai|

26
 duvm‡`vjv
gvneye mvw`K
GBLv‡b gûqvi wb‡P gvZvj M‡Üi Mvb
em‡šÍi Avbgbv ZiæY ågiÑ
fvUdz‡j mg_© fv‡Ui gZ †b‡P
bxj wbweoZv Quy‡q mܨv‡ejv N‡i wd‡i †M‡Q me †cÖ‡gi cyiæZÑ
jvjyi †fovi cvj Nvm †L‡q N‡i wd‡i †M‡Q
KvRj PµeZ©x KLb mܨvq!

bxj wbweoZv Quy‡q `yÕRb Z…òvKvZi GBLv‡b ivZfi GKv wQj †eZvj gûqvÑ
e¨eavb GZUzKz †bB, ˆP‡Îi DËv‡c Zvi MÜ-Mvb Avi b„Z¨‡Nv‡i gvZvj evZvm
wgjb †nvK bv †nvK †KD wK †mLv‡b †L‡j Rxe‡bi mv‡_
GUzKz‡Zv wVK `yÕR‡bB ZiæYx‡ejvq GKv gi‡Yi †Ljv|
fvj‡e‡mwQj cÖvšÍi|
†kqv‡jiv †W‡K †M‡Q ûqv ûqv cÖ_g cÖn‡i
cÖej S‡oi iv‡Z gyL †X‡KwQj gv`j wcwU‡q †M‡Q
¯^iwPZ evwji wXwe‡Z `j †eu‡a g`‡Lvi cvovi gvZvjÑ
Rxe‡bi Awbevh© †gŠwjK `vwei gZ my`~i AvKvkZ‡j Ajm Wvbvq
bxj wbweoZv Quy‡q `yÕR‡bi Pvi nvZ bÿ‡Îi wb‡P D‡o †M‡Q gvwK©bx DcMÖn
ü`‡qi Mfxi evqy‡Kv‡l K‡iwQj wewbgq| †h‡Z †h‡Z m‡›`‡n †`vj †L‡q
D™£vwšÍi Zx‡i Muv_v evsjvi †g‡qwU‡K
I‡`i wewbg‡q †mw`b †Ku‡c D‡VwQj wbmM© ZvivB †`‡L‡Q evievi;
Zuv‡`i gy»Zv Quz‡q mnmª bxj cvwL ZiæYx †L‡j‡Q iv‡Z Rxe‡bi mv‡_ giY‡Ljv|
D‡owQj Ab‡šÍi bxjvKv‡k hvwgbxi gvS‡ejvÑ
GBme evZ©v ïay Zviv Rv‡b
bxj wbweoZv Quy‡q Pjgvb †cÖwgK-†cÖwgKv| gvZvj M‡Üi Uv‡b Avbg‡b K`fvby
Lvov n‡q †`vj †L‡Z G‡mwQj gûqvZjvq
`wLbv evZvm Zv‡K ivZfi fvj‡e‡m
†Kv‡j wb‡q †b‡P †b‡P †`vj w`‡q †M‡Q|

LuywU
kvnbvR bvmixb
Mnb mËvq evm K‡i GK cÖej evDj
cÖvqk †m Avgv‡K mvRv‡bv evMvb †_‡K
mg~‡j DrcvwUZ Ki‡Z Nv‡o †P‡c e‡m
ü`‡q †`vZviv ev‡R `~‡i Av‡iv `~‡i
Rbvi‡Y¨I Kx Mfxi wbtm½Zv Avgvq
µgvMZ fvsPzi K‡i, `xY©, P‚Y©-weP‚Y© K‡i
weaŸ¯Í c‡o _vwK GKvKx
`~‡ii euvwk †KejB my‡i my‡i ¯ÍäZv fv‡O
Zvi nvZ a‡i ej‡Z hvB
Pj Pj mgq nj
Gevi cvjvB
mnmv AvQvo †L‡q jyUvB gvwU‡Z

LuywU †cuvZv i‡q †M‡Q evMv‡bi †Kv‡Y|

27
RjQwei K¨vbfv‡m cÖwZfv emy

Rxe‡bi
†m wj bv †PŠ ay ix
RjQwe
G cÖR‡b¥i Zi“‡Yiv cÖwZfv emyi m‡½ KZUv cwiwPZ ev Av‡`Š cwiwPZ wKbv Rvwb bv| A_P wZwb wQ‡jb
ÔcÖwZfvÕ bv‡gi mv_©K iƒcvqY| cÖ_gRxe‡b Zuvi bvg wQj ivYy †mvg ev cÖwZfv †mvg| weavZvi eigvjv wb‡q
Rb¥MÖnYKvix Ac~e© K‡Éi AwaKvix GB evwjKvi gvÎ ev‡iv eQi eq‡m KjKvZvi wnR gv÷vi f‡q‡m Mv‡bi
js †cø †iKW© †ei nq| weL¨vZ msMxZÁiv Zuv‡K AK…cYfv‡e Zuv‡`i wbR¯^ MvqKx‡Z Zvwjg †`b| G‡`i g‡a¨
iex›`&ªbv_ VvKzi, bRi“j Bmjvg, w`jxc iv‡qi gZ gnvcÖvY msMxZ¸i“iv wQ‡jb|
ivYy †mv‡gi Rb¥ 1915 mv‡ji 13 gvP©, XvKvi weµgcy‡ii nuvmvov MÖv‡g GK Rwg`vi cwiev‡i| Zuvi
gv‡qi bvg miRyevjv †mvg I evev Avï‡Zvl †mvg| Zuvi ¯^vgx weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K eyׇ`e emy| Zuvi `yÕKb¨v I
GK cyÎÑ gxbvÿx `Ë, `gqšÍx emy wms I ï×kxj emy| eû cªmwebx GB msMxZwkíx I mvwnwZ¨K `xN© Rxeb
AwZµg K‡i 91 eQi eq‡m 2006 mv‡ji 13 A‡±vei cÖqvZ nb|
eyׇ`e emyi m‡½ Zvi we‡q nq 1934 mv‡j| cieZx© Rxe‡b wZwb msMxZ †Q‡o mvwn‡Z¨ g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib
Ges †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ I KweZv iPbv K‡ib| wZwb cÖvq 200 MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv| Zuvi me Dcb¨v‡mi
Pvwn`v wQj cÖPzi| Zuvi A‡bK Dcb¨vm Pjw”P‡Î iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| ZrKvjxb cÖKvkK‡`i g‡a¨ Zuvi eB
cÖKv‡ki cÖwZ‡hvwMZv PjZ| wZwb RMËvwiYx-fyeb‡gvwnbx ¯^Y©c`K I Avb›` cyi¯‹vimn eû eû cyi¯‹vi jvf
K‡ib| MZ kZ‡Ki lvU-mˇii `k‡K Avgv‡`i ˆK‡kvi I Zviæ‡Y¨i me Av‡eM I Drmvn wb‡q Avgiv
coZvg Zuvi Abe`¨ me Dcb¨vm| KZ wewb›`ª iRbx KvwU‡qwQ Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi Pwi‡Î AeMvnb K‡i Zvi BqËv
†bB|
Zuvi Rxe‡bi RjQwe MÖš’wUi cÖKvkKvj evsjv 1400(Bs‡iwR 1993) mv‡j, Zuvi cÖqvZ ¯^vgx eyׇ`e emy
Ges cÖqvZ GKgvÎ cyÎ ï×kxj emyi D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmM©xK…Z| GwU Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK iPbv|
†jLK Zuvi Rxe‡bi RjQwe AuvK‡Z e‡m Gfv‡e ïiæ K‡ibÑ
Òmy`xN© Avqyi iv¯Ív a‡i †nu‡U †nu‡U cÖvq MšÍ‡e¨i `iRvq G‡m wcQb wd‡i ZvwK‡q g‡b n‡”Q RxebUv GKUv
¯§„wZi ¯—‚cgvÎ... g‡bi c`©vq †mB fz‡j hvIqv, fz‡j _vKv Qwe¸‡jv G‡Ki ci GK RjQwei g‡ZvB dz‡U D‡V
hewbKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i|Ó
28
Zvi AeyS eqm; Zvi evevi Kg©¯’j gwYcyi ˆbcyY¨ †`‡L AvZœxq‡`i †KD †KD Zvi gv‡K w؇R›`ªjvj iv‡qi cyÎ w`jxcKzgvi XvKvq
dvg© †_‡K Kvwnbxi ïiæ| Zvici PvKz‡i ejZÑ G‡jb| wZwb msMxZRM‡Zi GK g~wZ©gvb
evevi m‡½ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Ny‡i‡Qb Zvi eY©bv Ò†g‡q‡K KZ †KvwKj †f‡R we¯§q| mvwn‡Z¨i †ÿ‡ÎI wZwb mgvb
i‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡`i GKvbœeZx© cwiev‡ii LvB‡qwQm|Ó L¨vwZgvb| Zvi cvwievwiK cwiPq †_‡K ïiæ
VvKzg©v, KvKv-KvKx, LyoZy‡Zv-wcmZz‡Zv fvB- cÖwZfv emyi Mvb ï‡b ejavi Rwg`vi ¸Yx K‡i me wel‡q Ck¦i Zv‡K AK…cY nv‡Z †X‡j
†ev‡bi m¤ú‡K©i NwbôZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q| I ¸YMÖvnx b‡i›`ªbvivqY Lye gy» n‡q e‡jbÑ w`‡q‡Qb| AZ¨šÍ iƒcevb I jvwjZ¨c~Y© KÉ
XvKv †_‡K weµgcy‡i †bŠc‡_ hvZvqvZ, ÒAvgvi hw` GiKg GKwU †g‡q Ges weivU Áv‡bi cwiwa| Mjvq gwWD‡jkbÑ
Rwg`vievwoi wekvj DVv‡b GK‡Î `yÕwU weevn _vKZ|Ó f‡qR K‡›Uªvj hv‡K e‡j, Zv †KD Rvb‡Zb
`„k¨, gnvmgv‡iv‡n AbywôZ `yM©vc~Rv, MÖv‡gi Gici wZwb Zuvi ¯¿xi Rb¨ ivLv I¯Ív` bv; wZwb Zvi cÖeZ©K| A‡bK fvlv Rvb‡Zb|
hvÎvcvjv, UvBd‡q‡U AvµvšÍ Zuvi g„ZcÖvq gv‡K †fvjvbv_‡K ivYyi Mvb †kLv‡bvi AbygwZ †`b| m‡e©vcwi ¸YMÖvwnZvq, mZZvq, mü`qZv,
Rxe‡b wdwi‡q Avbv aš^šÍix kÖxk Kweiv‡Ri †fvjvbv_ I¯ÍÍv` H †QvƇg‡qwU‡K Zuvi AwZ we`¨veyw×, †mŠ›`h© me wel‡q G iKg GKRb
K_v, Rwg`vicyÎ Zvi evevi miKvwi PvKwi wcÖq ZvbcyivwU Dcnvi †`b| iex›`ªbv‡_i †evb e¨w³ mviv we‡k¦ `yj©f| wZwb weÁvbx m‡Z¨b
Kivi g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` bvbv cÖm½, bvbv Kj‡ivj ¯^Y©Kzgvix †`ex‡K Zvi Kb¨v mijv‡`ex ivbyi emyi evwo‡Z AwZw_ n‡q‡Qb| Agwb PÂj n‡q
I bvbvb Qwe‡Z ewY©j n‡q D‡V‡Q Rxe‡bi GB Mv‡bi Mjv wb‡q e‡j‡QbÑ DV‡jv msMxZwccvmyiv| m‡Z¨b emyi evwoi
RjQwe| XvKvq _vKvKvjxb wVKvbv e`j Ògv XvKv †_‡K KvbvB euvkx Kjvi e`‡j †M‡U Qv·`i wfo nj| Avwg LeiUv †c‡q
n‡q‡QÑ †mB ebMÖvg, Iqvwi, eKwkevRvi, KvbvB euvkx Mjv wb‡q Gjyg|Ó D‡ËwRZ n‡q DVjvg|Õ
wUKvUzwji evwoi eY©bv, cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i †mŠnv`©- iex›`ªbv‡_i gvwjbxi Mv‡bi Rb¨ Dwb Gici m‡Z¨b emy Zvi evev‡K mcwiev‡i
we‡Øl-`v½v BZ¨vw`i eY©bv i‡q‡Q| †jL‡Ki XvKv †_‡K ivYy †mvg‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i wb‡q Mv‡bi Avm‡i wbgš¿Y Ki‡jb| GB wbgš¿‡Y
fvl¨Ñ wM‡qwQ‡jb| MvwqKv Lye Lywkg‡b Mvb ïb‡Z †M‡jb| w`jxc
ÒXvKv ZLb `yÕwU e¨vcv‡i Lye DËvj| GK KjKvZvi ÔwnR gv÷vi f‡qmÕ Zvi m‡½ ivqI Zvi Mvb ï‡b Zv‡K Mvb †kLv‡Z AvMÖnx
msMxZ, Avi ivRbxwZ(c„ôv 29)|Ó eQ‡i 12wU js †cø †iKW †ei Kivi Pzw³ K‡i| n‡jb| Gfv‡e m‡Z¨b †evm I w`jxc iv‡qi
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g QvÎx I myweL¨vZ wZwb A‡bK †iK‡W© wb‡Ri K_v I myi w`‡q m‡½ Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii NwbôZv njÑ
jxjveZx bvM ZLb ivRbxwZ I mgvR‡mevq Mvb †iKW© K‡ib| GB wK‡kvix Kb¨vwU XvKvq ÒmwZ¨ ej‡Z m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emyi evwoi
m¤ú„³| wZwb †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ ¯‹zj, jvwV‡Ljv, ZLb †ek weL¨vZ| ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vvj‡bi Rjmv Avgvi Rxe‡bi GK cig DrNvUb|
†Qviv‡Ljv I Abv_ AvkÖg Ly‡jwQ‡jb| cÖwZfv mfvq D‡Øvabx msMxZ ev A‡bK N‡ivqv Avm‡i Avwg ¯^‡cœ cÖweó njvg... †h †Kvb gvby‡li ¸Y
emy Zvi g‡š¿ `xwÿZ n‡q Zv‡K GKj‡e¨i gZ Zvi WvK c‡o| weL¨vZ A‡bK I¯Ív‡`i Kv‡Q †`L‡j Zvi Zwid Kiv wQj w`jxc`vi Pwi‡Îi
cy‡Rv Ki‡Zb| ZLb PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi jyɇbi wZwb wk‡L‡Qb, ¸iæ wnmv‡e Zvwjg wb‡q‡Qb| Avmj ˆewkó¨| Avwg Lye ZvovZvwo Mvb Zzj‡Z
cieZ©x mgqÑ exi wecøex AbšÍ wms aiv c‡o cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi Mv‡bi Mjv Ges cvi½gZvq mš‘ó cviZvg, K_v¸wj m‡½ m‡½ gyL¯Í nZ, Zv wb‡q
duvwmi A‡cÿvq Av‡Qb| Zvi duvwmi Av‡`k n‡Zb| GK I¯Ív`‡K Zvi evev UvKv w`‡Z cÖksmv| ev”Pv eqm †_‡K nvi‡gwbqvg evwR‡q
i` Kivi Rb¨ gvgjv Pj‡Q| UvKvi `iKvi; †m †M‡j I¯Ív` e‡jbÑ ÒGB Mv‡bi cvwLUv‡K evwR‡q Av½yj m‡ZR n‡q wM‡qwQj Gwb‡qI
mgq jxjv bvM cÖwZfv †mv‡gi evwo‡Z G‡jb| Avwg AvKv‡k Dov‡ev, Gi mv‡_ cqmvi m¤úK© w`jxc`v gy»| GB gy»Zvq Avgvi DËiY|
Gevi Zvi eqvb ïwbÑ †bB|Ó A‡bK iKg Mv‡bi g‡a¨ bRiæ‡ji MvbB
ÒAvgv‡`i `iRvq ¯^qs jxjvw` G‡m †m mg‡q weL¨vZ msMxZÁ w`jxcKzgvi †ewk wk‡LwQjvg| Mjv‡K bvbvfv‡e †Ljv‡bvi
†_‡g‡Qb GB AfvweZ †mŠfvM¨‡K Avwg wek¦vm ivq XvKvq Av‡mb| †jL‡Ki fvl¨Ñ wkÿvÑ gxo, MgK BZ¨vw`i Zvwjg w`‡q‡Qb|
Ki‡Z cviwQjvg bv| ej‡jb Avgv‡K wb‡Z Òbvg XvKv n‡jI GLv‡b wKQzB XvKv _v‡K H gvwR©Z wkwÿZ cwic~Y© hyeKwUi Kv‡Q Avgvi
G‡m‡Qb|Ó bv|Ó ïay Mvb †kLv nqwb, KvjPvi k‡ãi A_©Uv Avwg
jxjv bvM cÖwZfv emyi gv‡qi AbygwZ weL¨vZ GB Mvq‡Ki XvKvq AvMg‡bi cÖ_g Zv‡K †`‡L wk‡LwQjvg|Ó
wb‡q Zv‡K wb‡q †M‡jb beveevwo‡Z †eMg‡K LeiI cÖPvi nj| †jL‡Ki †`Iqv eY©bvÑ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg eÜz w`jxc iv‡qi
Mvb ïbv‡Z| †mLv‡b †eMg Zvi Mvb ky‡b UvKv ÔGB mg‡qi mvwnwZ¨K I myiKvi Kv‡Q XvKvq †eov‡bvi Mí ï‡b †Kvb cÖ¯‘wZ
†`‡eb|
ÒGKUvi ci GKUv, GKUvi ci GKUv
Mvb †M‡q cwikÖ‡g Avwg †N‡g †Mjvg|
†eMgmv‡nev gyw`ªZ P‡ÿ ïb‡Z ïb‡Z GKmgq
†PvL Ly‡j ej‡jbÑ Ô†Kqevr, †Kqvevr|Õ fv½v
evsjvq ej‡jb Avwg eûr Lywm n‡qwQ|Ó
Gfv‡e UvKv msMÖn K‡i jxjv bvM AbšÍ
wms-Gi †evb‡K gvgjv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ wek
nvRvi UvKv msMÖn K‡i †`b| Ñ Ò†mB †_‡K
Avgvi Rxe‡b AbšÍ wms GKUv BwZnvmÑ GKUv
Acvw_©e Aw¯ÍZ¡|Ó
wePv‡i AbšÍ wms-Gi dvuwm i` n‡q
ØxcvšÍi nq Ges ¯^vaxbZvi ci wZwb Qvov
cvb| cwiYZ eq‡m AbšÍ wms‡qi m‡½ Zuvi
Avevi †`Lv nq| †m mg‡qI wK‡kvix eq‡mi
we¯§q I gy»Zv KvUv‡Z cv‡ibwb wZwb|
cÖwZfv emy weavZvcÖ`Ë AmvaviY cÖwZfv
wb‡q R‡b¥wQ‡jb| Zuvi evev-gvI Zvi G
cÖwZfv‡K gbcÖvY w`‡q cwiPh©v K‡i‡Qb|
Zv‡`i G cÖ‡Póv A‡bKmgq †QvÆ ivYyi Kv‡Q
AZ¨vPvi g‡b nZ| G †QvƇg‡qi msMxZ kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i mvwbœ‡a¨ Ab¨‡`i m‡½ eyׇ`e I cÖwZfv emy

29
 QvovB GK mgq XvKv G‡jb| DV‡jb KvRx wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bs‡iwR Gg.G K¬v‡mi QvÎ|
†gvZvnvi †nv‡m‡bi evwo‡Z| Gici wb‡RB Akøxj †jLK e‡j Lye L¨vwZ jvf K‡i‡Q|
wP‡b P‡j G‡jb cÖwZfv †mvg‡`i evmvq| †m †ÿ‡Î †`Lv †Mj m‡Z¨b`v QvÎwUi cÖwZ
cwiPq w`‡jbÑ AZ¨šÍ †¯œnkxj| Zvi †jLv wZwb AvMÖn wb‡q
ÒAvwg bRiæj Bmjvg; †Lvjv Mjvq c‡ob Avb‡›`i m‡½ MÖnY K‡ibÑ MY¨ K‡ibÑ
nvm‡jb| bRiæj Bmjv‡gi eqm ZLb ewÎk- Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| †mUv Aek¨B eyׇ`‡ei Kv‡Q
†ZwÎk ev Av‡iv †ewk| †hŠeb Zvi †Pv‡L-gy‡L- †MŠi‡ei welq Ges wZwb †h KZUv AvaywbK,
mg¯Í kix‡i b`x‡mªv‡Zi gZ engvb| `yÕKyj Zuvi mvwnZ¨cÖxwZ †h KZUv e¨vcK Zv Zvi
cøvex Avb›`aviv w`‡q Mov Zvi PwiÎ| mij cÖgvY| GB AvZ¥‡fvjv AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ
mnR A`vw¤¢K, DÏvg nvwm, D”Q¡j cÖeYZv; ˆeÁvwbK e¨w³wU GKvav‡i msMxZ, mvwnZ¨
meUv wgwj‡q GKUv e¨w³Z¡ e‡U|Ó Ges wPÎwk‡íi mgS`vi wQ‡jb|
bRiæj ej‡jbÑ Òw`jxc e‡j‡Q Zzwg bvwK Zuvi kvšÍ ¯^fve, Pvwn`vnxb PwiÎ,
Avgvi Mvb GZ my›`i K‡i MvI †h Zvi Rb¨ mg‡e`bvq ficyi AšÍtKiY, †¯œn-ggZv, `qv-
Avwg weL¨vZ n‡q †MwQ| ej‡Z ej‡Z †mwK gvqv, e`vb¨Zv †Kvb w`K †_‡K wZwb GKwe›`y
nvwm; G‡Kev‡i Ni f‡i †Mj... ... Zvici Mvb Ac~Y© bb| †m m¯Ív MÊvi mgq wZwb evi‡kv
Avi Mvb, gv_v bvo‡Qb Avi ej‡QbÑ A‡fvjb; UvKv †eZb †c‡ZbÑ †m UvKv mÂq Ki‡Zb bv,
A‡fvjb|Ó eû `wi`ª QvÎ `wi`ª AfvRb Askx`vi nZ †mB
Gici bRiæj Zv‡`i N‡ii †jvK n‡q DcvR©‡bi|Ó
DV‡jb| mKv‡j igbv †_‡K ebMÖvg hvb †nu‡U ïay msMx‡Z bq, cÖwZfv †mv‡gi mvsMVwbK
†nu‡U| ivYy‡K Mvb †kLvb| KL‡bv G‡Kev‡i ÿgZv wQj AmvaviY| †m hy‡M Aeiæ× †g‡q‡`i
bZzb K_v bZzb myi MvB‡Z MvB‡Z wVK K‡ib| g‡a¨ Zvi ms¯‹…wZPP©v AevK nIqvi gZ| Zvi
†m mgq bRiæj‡K wb‡q GKwU AcÖxwZKi evevi AvMÖ‡n wZwb eyׇ`e emy wjwLZ †h w`b
NUbv N‡UÑ hLb Zv‡`i ebMÖv‡gi evwo †_‡K dzU‡jv Kgj bvUKwU gÂvqb Kivi D‡`¨vM
wdiwQ‡jb ZLb iv¯Ívq wKQz ¸Êv Zvi Dci wb‡jb| ZLb †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡`i cvU© KiZ, wKš‘
nvgjv K‡i| bRiæj cÖ_‡g nPwKZ n‡jI c‡i wZwb fvB-†evb cwiwPZ‡`i wb‡q nj fvov K‡i
ˆmwbK bRiæj AvZ¥iÿv K‡ib Ges ¸Êv‡`i †Q‡j‡g‡q wgwjZfv‡e bvUK Ki‡jb| †mUv
Zvwo‡q w`‡Z mÿg nb| ivYy †mv‡gi evev Nubv wU‡KU †K‡U †jv‡K †`Lj| eyׇ`e emy Zv‡`i
†Ui †c‡q AvnZ bRiæj‡K evwo‡Z G‡b ïkÖƒlv bvU‡Ki mvdj¨ Kvgbv K‡i wjL‡jbÑ
K‡ib| bRiæj m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b †h bZzb Z_¨ Ômviv evsjvq †Zv e‡U mviv fvi‡ZB †Q‡j
Rvb‡Z cvwi Zv njÑ †g‡qiv wg‡j cvewjKwj GB Awfbq cÖ_g;
ÒAÜKv‡i wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡Zb| G ÿgZv Awfb›`b iB‡jv|Õ
†R‡ji †m‡j Ave× _vKvi mgq AvqË nq| Ò†KŠZ~n‡j †d‡U co‡jv mviv kn‡ii
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q _vKvKvjxb ïay KxZ©bB bq, †jvKRb| AvkvwZwi³fv‡e mg¯Í wU‡KU wewµ
eû Mvb wZwb ivwÎ wbtkã n‡j I mevB Nywg‡q n‡q †Mj| Zvici `yiæ`yiæ e‡ÿ ¯¿x-cyiæl wg‡j
co‡j wbR©b AÜKv‡i myi K‡i wj‡L‡Qb| Avi bvUK Kivi avcwU AwZµg Kijvg Avgiv|Ó
mKv‡j D‡V P¨uvPv‡gwP G‡mv ZvovZvwo G‡mv wKš‘ iweev‡ii jvwV bv‡g GKwU cwÎKvq
wkMwMi myiUv Zz‡j bvI nvi‡gvwbqv‡g...Ó exfrm me weeiY †ei nj ivYy †mv‡gi bv‡g|
cieZx©Kv‡j cÖwZfv †mvg KjKvZvi wnR cwÎKvi KvUwZ nj Lye| ivYy Kvbœvq †f‡O
gv÷vi f‡q‡m †iKW© Ki‡jb bRiæjmsMxZ| co‡jb| ZLb Zvi evev mvš—¡bv †`b Ges Zvi
†m mgq Zvi Aby‡iv‡a KZ…©cÿ bRiæj‡K Zvi GK wcmZz‡Zv `v`v iweev‡ii jvwVi †jLK‡K
†Uªbvi wnmv‡e †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zz‡j G‡b eÜzevÜe wg‡j bevecyi †cv‡ji Dci
Ò†m †_‡K bRiæj wnR gv÷vi f‡qm bv‡K LZ †`Iqv‡jv| ejj, Avi †Kvb †g‡qi
†_‡K Avi †eiæ‡Z cv‡ibwbÑ ÒMÖv‡gv‡dvb bv‡g †hb wg_¨v Kj¼ bv iUvq| bvU‡Ki LiP
†Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K MÖvm K‡i †d‡jwQj|Ó ev‡` †h UvKv _vKjÑ cÖwZfv †mvg †m UvKv
Òm‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emy ZLb XvKv wek¦we`¨j‡qi Avb›`gqx AvkÖ‡g `vb K‡i w`‡jb|
c`v_© weÁv‡bi wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| Mv‡bi we‡qi ci cÖwZfv emy Avevi GKwU bvUK
†bkv Zvi AwZ cÖej| ZLb wZwb cwic~Y© hyeK gÂvqb Ki‡jb| bvg Aby‡iva; eyׇ`e emyi
Ges Zvi B‡gR wQj Pzj| Ggb cøvweZ Pzj †jLv Ges Dwb bvU‡Ki `‡ji bvg w`‡jb
†`Lv hvq bv| †mB B‡gR Zvi Avg„Zy¨ wQj| wjUj w_‡qUvi| G bvUKwUI AvZ¥xq-eÜz‡`i
Avi GKUv B‡gR wQ‡jv Zvi nv‡Z wmMv‡i‡Ui wb‡q Ki‡jb| ZLb cÖwZfv emyi GKwU †QvU
wUb| Aweivg †L‡Zb GKUvi ci GKUv| Kb¨v i‡q‡Q, msmv‡i A‡bK `vwqZ¡| Zvic‡iI
Mv‡bi m¤^j wb‡q Zvi wcÖq n‡q D‡VwQjvgÑ †m Qqgvm evwo‡Z winv‡m©j K‡i DVv‡b gÂ
m¤úK© Awew”Qbœ wQj|Ó K‡i bvUK gÂvwqZ nq| Avgwš¿Z A‡b‡Ki
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emy ZLb RMbœv_ n‡ji g‡a¨ cÖg_ †PŠayix, Bw›`iv †`ex I Agj
cÖva¨ÿ| n‡j Qv·`i evwl©K bvUK gÂvq‡b †nvg G‡mwQ‡jb| mevB Lye cÖksmv Ki‡jb|
cÖwZfv‡`i cwievi wbgwš¿Z n‡Zb| Ò†mevi bvU‡Ki cvÎ-cvÎxiv Lye DrmvwnZ n‡qwQj|
gÂvwqZ bvUKwU wQj eyׇ`e emyi iPbv; bvg cÖwZfv emyi fvl¨Ñ Ò†mB 1934 mv‡ji
GKwU †g‡qi Rb¨| †Q‡j‡`i ZLb †g‡q‡`i kÖveY gv‡mB Avgvi weevn n‡q †Mj, Avwg
cvU© Ki‡Z nZ| †Kb-bv †Kv-G¨vKwUs ZL‡bv Avgvi bZzb Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i gZ©f~wg‡Z ¯^M©
ÔAZ¨šÍ iƒcevb I jvwjZ¨c~Y© KÉÕ-Gi AwaKvix w`jxcKzgvi ivq wQj bv| bvU‡Ki iPwqZv eyׇ`e emy ZLb XvKv †cjvg|Ó

30
 cÖwZfv †mv‡gi we‡q nj eyׇ`e emyi KjKvZvq `yÕwU Ges kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b GKwU cÖavb m¤ú`| †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB B‡”Qi weiæ‡×
m‡½| Zv‡`i wQj cQ‡›`i we‡q| `yÕRb evwoI ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi bZzb AZ¨šÍ AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡biv †Rvi K‡i Mvb ïb‡Zv; Zv‡Z
wbðq `yÕR‡bi cÖwZfvq e¨w³‡Z¡ gy» wQ‡jb| `vgx evwo wb‡q hLb AvqKi Awdmvi Z`šÍ wkïgb LvwbKUv we‡`ªvnx wQ‡jv nq‡Zv| ZvQvov
gvgv-gvgxi ˆewiZvi ci gv-evev I KvKvi Ki‡Z Av‡mb eyׇ`e emy AZ¨šÍ fxZ nb Ges ¯^vgxi mvwnZ¨ wel‡q hZUv cÖej AvMÖn wQ‡jv,
Aby‡gv`‡b Zv‡`i GB GKvšÍ PvIqv cwic~Y© ¯¿x‡K ej‡jbÑ Ò†evS GLb AvqKi Awdmv‡ii Zvi kZvs‡ki GKvsk hw` m½x‡Z _vK‡Zv
nq| Zvi KvKvi g‡ZÑ ÒGi †P‡q †hvM¨ †Q‡j mv‡_| Avwg Gme wKš‘ Rvwb bv|Ó cÖwZfv emy Zvn‡j Avwg nq‡Zv GB PP©v Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z
evsjv‡`‡k KqRb Av‡Q?Ó Awdmvi‡K Rvbv‡jb wZwb cyiv‡bv GKwU evwoi eva¨ nZvg| GQvov msmvi Rxe‡b mvabv Kivi,
A_P eyׇ`e ZLb †eKvi; `yÕwU wUDkwb BU I Kv‡Vi `iRv-Rvbvjv I †m¸b Kv‡Vi PP©v Kivi my‡hvMI wQ‡jv bv|Ó
I †jLv‡jwLi Avq w`‡q msmvi P‡j| eyׇ`e wmuwo wK‡b, †m me w`‡q evwo ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb we‡qi ci kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i
emy we‡qi cÖ¯Íve †`Iqvi ciÑ Ges Zvi wnmvecÎ †`Lv‡jb| Zvi wbcyYZvi AwZw_ n‡q G `¤úwZ cÖvq †h‡Zb| iex›`ªbv_
ivYy †mv‡gi gv wRÁvmv Ki‡jbÑ ÒZzwg hv †Kvb Zzjbv †bBÑ me wnmvecÎI Uz‡K cÖwZfv emy‡K wb‡R Mvb wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB
ej‡Qv Zvi ¸iæZ¡ wK †f‡e †`L‡Qv? Gi `vwqZ¡ †i‡L‡Qb| eyׇ`e‡K wew¯§Z K‡i Awdmv‡ii Zvi Mvb eÜ K‡i †`qv cÖm‡½ eyׇ`e emy‡K
wKš‘ A‡bK| †Zvgvi †Zv PvKwi †bB; we‡qi KvQ †_‡K Qvov †c‡jb wZwb| myMvwqKv, e‡jwQ‡jbÑ
ci ïay †jLvi Av‡q Pj‡e wK? Õ mywbcyY M„wnYx, Av`k© gv, mymvwnwZ¨K Gme Ò†Zvgvi ¯¿x †Zv Lye fv‡jv Mvb K‡ib
eyׇ`e ej‡jb, Ô†mUvq fvevi welq; G f~wgKvq wZwb mv_©Kfv‡e AeZxY© n‡q‡Qb| e‡j RvbZvg| GL‡bv wK Af¨vm Av‡Q bv me
Rb¨ K_v Zzj‡Z A‡cÿv KiwQjvg| GLb g‡b †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mywkwÿZ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i me †Zvgv‡K DrmM© K‡i‡Q? eyׇ`e Acivaxi
n‡”Q A‡cÿv KivUv †evKvwg| Avq evov‡bvi g‡bvevmbv c~Y© K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvq fw½‡Z wK †hb wgbwgb K‡i ej‡jb|Ó
Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡ev; IUv wKQz bq|Õ eva mv‡abwb| †Q‡j‡g‡qi cÖwZ Zvi Av¯’v hZK_v Dwb e‡jb bv †Kb, fve‡ZB
Zvi gvgv ej‡jb, Ô†QvKivi mvnm †Zv wQjÑ wek¦vm wQj| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv eÜyi gZ gv‡K AevK jv‡M eûj cÖkswmZ GB ÔMv‡bi cvwLÕ
Kg bq| wb‡R wK Lv‡e Zvi †Kvb wVK †bB, RvbZ| myZivs Zv‡`i ¯^wbe©vwPZ cvÎ-cvÎxi wK K‡i Mv‡bi fyeb Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡jb?
Zvi Avevi we‡q Kivi mL|Õ Rb¨ eyׇ`e emy‡K gvbv‡bvi `~Z n‡Z nZ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cÖwZfv emyi gZ weL¨vZ MvwqKv
Zvi evev Reve w`‡jb, ÔGB we‡q‡Z Zv‡KB| ¯^vgxi g„Zy¨i c‡i KL‡bv †Q‡j‡g‡qi †Kb Mvb eÜ Ki‡jb Zvi hyrmB KviY wZwb
Avgvi †Kvb AgZ †bB| hvi AvZ¥cÖZ¨q Av‡Q Ici wbf©i K‡ibwb| c½yi wMwi j•Nb K_vwU e¨vL¨v K‡ibwb| Zvi ü`‡qi gwY‡KvVvq †mB
Zvi me Av‡Q|Õ Zvi Rxe‡b `„k¨gvb n‡qwQj| Amy¯’Zvi c‡iI †e`bvi K_v ev †kÖvZv‡`i ewÂZ Kivi KviY
Avevi Zvi gv hLb wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Zvi AbgbxqZv I Amxg g‡bvej GK_v cÖgvY mevi Kv‡Q ARvbv †_‡K †Mj|
Ô†Zvgvi †Zv wbðq †Kvb Pvwn`v Av‡Q?Õ K‡i| c½y‡Z¡i c‡iI mvnmx c_ cwiµgv I cÖwZfv †mv‡gi iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ cwiPq
eyׇ`e: ÔAvgvi Pvwn`v? †m‡Zv Avcbvi Zvi mvwnZ¨mvabv _v‡gwb| N‡U `vwR©wjs‡q| Kwe †mLv‡b wekÖv‡gi Rb¨
AbygwZi m‡½ m‡½ †c‡q †MwQ| IUvB Avgvi Zvi ü`q wQj AdzišÍ fvjevmvi eb¨vq wM‡qwQ‡jb| GKB mgq cÖwZfv‡`i cwievi
GKgvÎ AviwR Avcbv‡`i Kv‡Q| cvw_©e- cøvweZ| `yÕnv‡Z wewj‡q‡Qb ZvÑ wK cwievi, Zvi VvKzgvi gvbwmK fvimvg¨ wdwi‡q Avbvi
Acvw_©e †Kvb A‡_©B Zvi †_‡K g~j¨evb Avi wK AvZ¥xq, wK eÜz, wK cÖwZ‡ekx, wK M„n‡meK; j‡ÿ¨ AvenvIqv cwieZ©‡b †mLv‡b hvb|
wKQy †bB|Ó †KD ev` hvqwb Zvi †¯œn-ggZv †_‡K| msMxZÁ w`jxcKzgv‡ii Kv‡Q cÖwZfvi cwiPq
cÖwZfv emyi cwiwgwZ †ev‡ai d‡j Avgiv we‡qi Av‡M cÖwZfv emy KweZv I Mí Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Kwe| Gici Kwei cÿ †_‡K
ewÂZ n‡qwQ Zv‡`i GB †ivgvw›UK Rxe‡bi K_ wjL‡Zb Ges bvgKiv KvM‡R Zv cÖKvwkZ Kwei cyÎeay Zv‡K wbgš¿Y K‡ib| cÖwZfv emyi
KZv †_‡K| †Kb-bv bvqK-bvwqKvi msjv‡c n‡qwQj| wKš‘ we‡qi ci AZeo mvwnwZ¨‡Ki gy‡LB †kvbv hvKÑ
eyׇ`e emyi Zx¶èZv I ü`qMÖvwnZvi K_v Avgiv NiYx n‡q wZwb †jLvi mvnm cvbwb| Zvi ÒLv‡gi Dci Avgvi bvg †jLv| †Kv‡Y
Rvwb| hviv eyׇ`e emyi wZw_‡Wvi Dcb¨v‡m K_vqÑ i V g‡bvMÖvg| wPwVUv c‡o Avwg nZf¤^ n‡q
¯^vZx I m‡Z¨‡bi AvjvcPvwiZv ev fv‡m Avgvi ÒIiKg GKRb WvKvey‡Kv mvwnwZ¨K‡K †Mjvg| ¯^qs iex›`ªbv‡_i cyÎeay Avgv‡K Pv‡qi
†fjv Mí¸‡”Qi bvqK-bvwqKvi AmvaviY ü`q weevn K‡i wKQz wjL‡ev Ggb `ytmvnm Avgvi wbgš¿Y K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, Avwg †M‡j
cøvex msjv‡ci imv¯^v`b K‡i‡Qb Zviv GB wQ‡jv bv|Ó evevgkvB myLx n‡eb; Gi †P‡q Awek¦vm¨ NUbv
cwiwgwZ‡ev‡ai Rb¨ cÖwZfv emyi cÖksmv Ki‡Z m¤¢eZ we‡qi 2/3 eQi ci mvwnZ¨ Avi wK n‡Z cv‡i Avgvi Rxe‡b? D‡ËRbvq
AcivM n‡eb| ZvB Avgv‡`i Zv‡`i gy»Zvi gw›`‡ii my‡eva gRyg`vi eyׇ`e emy‡K Zvi Avwg _i _i K‡i KuvcwQjvg|... Avm‡j Dwb
cÖKvk I AšÍi½ Avjvcb Kíbvq Abyfe K‡i ¯¿xmn `yÕR‡b wg‡j GKwU Dcb¨vm †jLvi cÖ¯Íve Avgv‡K w`jxc`vi wPwV n‡Z †R‡bwQ‡jb|
wb‡Z n‡”Q| †`b| ¯^vgxi Aby‡iv‡a cÖwZfv emy GKvB wjL‡jb Avgv‡KI w`jxc`v wj‡L‡Qb, GB mgqUv
eyׇ`e emyi gv R‡b¥i ci gviv hvb, wZwb Ges eyׇ`e emy KZ©„K cÖkswmZ n‡q DrmvwnZ Dwb GKgv‡mi Rb¨ cvnv‡o KvUv‡eb| Zzwg
gvZvgn I w`w`gvi Kv‡Q jvwjZ nb| w`w`gv n‡jb| Gfv‡e Zvi Jcb¨vwmK Rxe‡bi ïiæ| †m my‡hv‡M Iui KvQ †_‡K Iui wKQz Mvb wk‡L
wQ‡jb Zvi gv‡qi cwic~iK I AwffveK| m„wó njÑ g‡bvjxbv, gvaexi Rb¨, mywgÎvi wbI| Avwg Zvi Dˇi e‡jwQjvgÑ Ôiex›`ªbv_!
we‡qi ci †mB w`w`gv Zvi eD‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z Acg„Zy¨ bv‡g Dcb¨vm| cieZ©xKv‡j Zvi Gme I‡i evev|Õ w`jxc`v Avevi †mB wPwV I‡K
cviwQ‡jb bv| cÖwZfv emy ˆah©¨ I fvjevmv Dcb¨vm wdj¥ cÖ‡hvR‡Kiv wd‡j¥i Rb¨ wbe©vPb cvwV‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mBm‡½ Avgvi cÖksmvq
w`‡q †kl ch©šÍ w`w`gv‡K Rq K‡ib| Zvi K‡ib Ges h‡_vchy³ g~j¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zvi cÂgyLI n‡qwQ‡jb wbðq| b‡Pr Avi Avgv‡K
myiæwP, wbcyY M„wnYxcbv eyׇ`e emy‡K myLx ågYKvwnbxg~jK iPbv ¯§„wZ mZZB my‡Li †W‡K cvVv‡jb †Kb? Avgvi fvM¨¸‡Y Zvi
I fvebvgy³ K‡iwQj| Zv‡`i A_©Kó wQj, AZ¨šÍ Z_¨eûj I myLcvV¨| bR‡i c‡owQjvg| Dwb Avgv‡K Mvb †kLv‡Z
wKš‘ †mUv msmvi‡K wecbœ K‡iwb| AvRxeb we‡qi ci cÖwZfv emyi MvwqKv Rxe‡bi em‡jb|Ó
cÖwZfv emy msmvi ZiYx fvwm‡q wb‡q‡Qb| †Kb mgvwß nj? G cÖm‡½ Zvi fvl¨Ñ †m mgq wek¦fviZxi Avw_©K mnvqZvi
Gi g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯’vb ågY, wejvmx ÒMv‡bi m‡½ mskªePz¨Z nevi Rb¨ Aek¨ Rb¨ GLvbKvi wRgLvbv K¬v‡e wU‡KU †K‡U
Avnvh© BZ¨vw`I ev` c‡owb| Zvi m‡qi eyׇ`e‡K `vqx Kiv hvq bv| Mvb Kivi †`Lvi Rb¨ GKwU wewPÎvbyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv
Drm †R‡b Zvi `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPq †g‡j| wel‡q Avgvi wb‡Ri †Kvb B‡”Q ev Drmvn nq| KjKvZvi A‡bK wkíxi mgvnvi N‡U|
ïay gvwUi e¨vs‡K Rgv‡bv Avaywj-wmwK w`‡q evj¨Kvj †_‡KB †bB| hw`I Mv‡bi Kv‡Q wKš‘ iex›`ªbv_ Zvi m‡½ mK‡ji cwiPq Kwi‡q
wb‡Ri wWRvB‡b †g‡qi we‡qi me Mqbv Avgvi mxgvnxb K…ZÁZv| GB Mv‡bi Rb¨B w`‡jb, ej‡jb,
Mwo‡q †`b| cÖwZw`‡bi mvwnZ¨ AvÇvq eÜz- Avwg Ggb me gvby‡li Nwbô ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z ÒMv‡bi GB †g‡qwU †Zvgv‡`i wjW †`‡e;
evÜe‡`i Avc¨vq‡b ÎæwU iv‡Lbwb| Avevi †c‡iwQjvg hviv ¯§„wZ‡Z GL‡bv Avgvi Rxe‡bi Gi GKjvi MvbI _vK‡e | †Zvgiv cÖ¯‘Z nI,

31
winv‡m©j `vI|Ó cÖwZfv emy‡K Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ ev AcgvwbZ Kivi c„w_exi A‡bK †`k ågY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi m‡½
Òhv‡`i m‡½ Avgvi cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jb wel‡q Rvb‡Zb bv| cÖwZfv emyi Kwemvwbœ‡a¨ ¯¿xi mvwbœa¨ I mn‡hvwMZv Zv‡K c~Y© K‡i‡Q|
Zviv Avgvi w`‡K cÖmbœ `„wó‡Z ZvKv‡jb bv| Abycw¯’wZ Kwe‡K nq‡Zv AvnZ K‡iwQj| †m cÖwZfv emyI G mgq e„nr wek¦‡K Avb‡›`i m‡½
†Kv_vKvi †Kvb GK XvKv kn‡ii k¨vgjv- Awfgv‡bi cÖKvkUv nq‡Zv wVK nqwb| weevn Dc‡fvM K‡i‡Qb| wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
†ivMv-j¤^v-evOvwj †g‡q D‡o G‡m Ry‡o cieZ©xRxe‡b wZwb Kwei Dòmvwbœa¨ jvf cwigvc K‡i‡Qb| Zvi cyÎ-Kb¨v-RvgvZvI
e‡m‡Q †`‡L Zv¾e e‡b †M‡jb| Gici Zz”Q- K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †m NUbv †KD Avi †Zv‡jbwb| GKB mg‡q we‡`‡k covïbv K‡i Zv‡K myLx
Zvw”Qj¨-AkÖ×v AMÖvn¨ Kievi hZ¸wj c×wZ †m mgq cÖwZfvi eqm 16/17 eQi n‡e| K‡i‡Q| eyׇ`e emyi hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vj‡q
Zv‡`i Rvbv wQj AwZ m~²fv‡e Zvi meB Zviv GKwU wK‡kvix wKfv‡e wb‡Ri AvZ¥m¤§vb Zzjbvg~jK fvlv-mvwnZ¨ wefv‡Mi cÖwZôv,
cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| hvB †nvK wRgLvbv K¬v‡ei iÿv‡_© GiKg AfvweZ my‡hvM cÖZ¨vL¨vb KweZv feb bvgK cÖKvkbv I KweZv cwÎKv
e¨vcviUv wg‡U hvIqv ch©šÍ Avgvi †mB Zvw”Qj¨ K‡iwQj, fve‡ZB AevK jv‡M! Kwe nq‡Zv †ei Kiv Gme wel‡q cÖwZfv emyi mn‡hvwMZv
mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †h gyn~‡Z© †kl n‡jv Zuvi fzj ms‡kvab Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ †mB Ges Me© `yÕ‡UvB wQj|
Avwg Avi H iv¯Ív gvovjyg bv|Ó †QvÆ MvwqKv wQj Abgbxq| cÖwZfvi Pwi‡Îi K_vq e‡j myL-`ytL `yB fvB| †mfv‡e
cieZ©x NUbv Zv‡`i we‡qi ci| eDmn GB `„pZvq gy» n‡Z nq| GKBm‡½ Avgiv my‡Li ZxeªZvi gZ cÖwZfv emyi Rxe‡b `yt‡Li
eyׇ`e emy iex›`ªbv‡_i †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi Kwe ¸iæi Pwi‡Îi †¯œngq D`vi g‡bvfv‡ei I `nb wQj| Zvi wcZ…cyiæ‡liv †`kfv‡Mi ci
evwo‡Z Kwe‡K cÖYvg Ki‡Z hvb| Kwe e‡jbÑ wekvj ü`‡qi cwiPqI Rvb‡Z cvwi| †hfv‡e Rxeb aviY K‡i‡Qb Zv wQj Zvi Rb¨
Ò†g‡qwU‡K †Zv Avwg wPwb| Zzwg †mB MvB‡q cÖwZfv †mv‡gi ¸YMÖvnx I bxie cvwYcÖvw_©i gg©vwšÍK| wcÖq KzKzi †_‡K †iwe‡m AvµvšÍ
Kb¨vwU‡K we‡q K‡iQ?Ó msL¨vI Kg wQj bv| wKš‘ Zvi e¨w³‡Z¡i `„pZvq n‡q c½yZ¡eiY, wcÖq ¯^vgxi cÖqvY(1908-
eyׇ`e evwo wd‡i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, †KD cÎ PvjvPvwj Kivi mvnm cvqwb| Z‡e H Õ74), cy‡Îi m‡½ cyÎeayi we‡”Q` I GKgvÎ
Ô†Zvgvi m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i †`Lv n‡q‡Q Avgv‡K ¯ÍveK‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mnvbyf~wZ I fvjevmv wZwb cy‡Îi 42 eQi eq‡m AKvjcÖqvY Zv‡K
e‡jvwb †Zv? cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| eyׇ`e emyI Zvi ¸YMÖvnx‡`i KwVbZg `ytL-†kv‡K KvZi K‡iwQj| gv‡qi
Ñ wK cÖm‡½ ej‡ev| GKRb| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb Zv‡K fvjevmv, RxweZKv‡j cy‡Îi cÖqvYÑ G hvZbvi †Zv †Kvb
Ñ Gi Rb¨ cÖm‡½i `iKvi nq? e¨w³Z¡ I cÖwZfv w`‡q Rq K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| cwigvc †bB|
iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ †`Lv‡kvbv _vKv meB †Zv Rxe‡bi RjQwe‡Z weªwUk kvm‡bi ÒA‡PZbvi Mnxb AÜKv‡i Zwj‡q †h‡Z
ejevi welq| Aemv‡bi ci fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi m„wó Ges †h‡Z Avevi GB hš¿Yvgq c„w_ex‡Z euvP‡Z
Ñ †m †Zv wbðq| Z‡e?Ó cieZx©Kv‡j wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v I wbR wbR n‡jv|Ó
GB Z‡eUv †evSv‡bv k³| iex›`ªbv‡_i Avevm Z¨v‡Mi GKwU gg©vwšÍK wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| fzjevi Rb¨ eû †Q‡j‡g‡q Zuvi m‡½
Nb mvwbœa¨‡K wZwb †mŠfvM¨ e‡j gvb‡Zb| †jL‡Ki cwievi wbt¯^ n‡q KjKvZvi ew¯Í‡Z GKvZ¥ n‡q‡Q| gvZ…‡¯œ‡n wZwb Zv‡`i MÖnY
Ab¨ mK‡ji Zvw”Qj¨I mn¨ K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ emevm K‡i‡Qb| Zvi VvKzgv Rwg`viwMbœx whwb K‡i‡Qb| Kb¨v iæwg gv‡K wPwV wj‡L‡QbÑ
¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ Zv‡K Ggb AvnZ K‡iwQ‡jb `yM©vc~Rvq cÖRv‡`i `yÕnv‡Z KZ `vb K‡i‡Qb Ògv‡Mv Avgiv †Zv G‡mwQjvg| Avgv‡`i
hv wZwb gv-evev‡KI ej‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZLb Zv Zvi g„Zy¨ nj wbt¯^ Ae¯’vq nvmcvZv‡j| Zvi †Kvb cQ›` wQ‡jv bv, †Zvgv‡`iI bv| wKš‘
eyׇ`e‡K ej‡jbÑ Ôiex›`ª`k©‡b Zvi Abycw¯’wZ wejvmx KvKviI GKB cwiYwZ nj | cÖwZfvi hviv GLb †Zvgv‡K gv wbe©vPb K‡i‡Q, Zzwg
†`‡L Kwe A‡bK‡K Zvi K_v wRÁvmv K‡ib|Õ KiæY I ev¯Íe eY©bvq †m mg‡qi nvRvi nvRvi Zv‡`i mšÍvb-†¯œ‡n MÖnY K‡iQ, Zv‡`i wb‡q
H iKg cwi‡e‡k wZwb Avi †h‡Zb bv| wKš‘ ev¯‘Z¨vMx gvby‡li gg©vwšÍK Rxe‡bi Qwe Avgiv kvšÍ nIÑ kvwšÍ cvI| Avgiv †Zv AvwQB|
GKw`b Lei cvb Kwe Lye Amy¯’| †kvbvgvÎ †`L‡Z cvB| fvM¨‡K †`vl w`I bv, fvM¨ me mgq †Zvgvi
e¨¯Í n‡q †Nvimܨvq Kwemvwbœ‡a¨ Qz‡U hvb| cÖwZfv emy wQ‡jb Zvi evev-gvi GKgvÎ cv‡k Av‡Q| bB‡j G‡`i †c‡j wK fv‡e?Ó
ZLb Kwei m‡½ Av‡iv wZbRb wewkó e¨w³ Kb¨v; `v`v-`v`yi GKgvÎ bvZbx; wcwmgv- ÒmeB mZ¨, Zey eyK †d‡U †PŠwPi n‡q
wQ‡jbÑ m¨vi RM`xkP›`ª emy, wkwki wgÎ Avi KvKvi AwZ Av`‡ii fvBwS| Òwe‡qi ci hvq| G †_‡K g„Zz¨ Qvov gyw³ †bB| Rvwb bv
W±i wW.Gb ˆgÎ| Zvi m¼ywPZ `uvov‡bvi fw½ ïay Avgvi K…wZ ¯^vgx bb, gvZ…MZcÖvY wZbwU †m g„Zz¨ Avgv‡K K‡e `qv Ki‡e|Ó
†`‡L Zv‡`i GKRb ej‡jbÑ e‡mv gv e‡mv| mšÍvbI we`¨vq-web‡q-DcvR©‡b-ˆewk‡ó¨ Avgvi eBwU cvVK‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq Kvj
Òiex›`ªbv_ ej‡jb, ÔAvwg B‡”Q K‡iB my‡Li AšÍ iv‡Lwb| fv‡M¨i `qv Kv‡K e‡j †_‡K KvjvšÍ‡iÑ †`k †_‡K †`kvšÍ‡i| KZ
ewjwb|Õ G K_vq Avgvi Avcv`g¯ÍK Mig Avwg RvbZvg|Ó KjZvb, KZ Kj‡ivj MgMwg‡q D‡V‡Q Gi
n‡q †Mj, Kx AcÖ¯‘Z †eva Kijvg, wK j¾v ÒGKUv K_v †Mvov †_‡KB Avgvi gv_vq cvZvq cvZvq| AmsL¨ PwiÎ wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q,
†cjvg, Acgv‡b j¾vq Avwg †hb Avgvi gv‡S †Mu‡_ wM‡qwQj, Ggb GK weij cÖwZfvi fvi hv Zvi e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZi ¯ú‡k© Amvgvb¨
iBjvg bv|Ó hLb Ck¦i Avgvi Dci mu‡c w`‡q‡Qb ZLb iƒc aviY K‡i‡Qb| †jLK Zvi my`xN© Rxe‡bi
cÖwZfv Qz‡U †ewi‡q G‡jb| Gici Kwe mva¨gZ Zv‡K weeªZ bv Kiv Avgvi KZ©e¨|Ó AwfÁZvi wecyj fvÊvi Abyf~wZi Avwe‡i
nq‡Zv Zvi AvPiY wVK nqwb e‡j †f‡e‡Qb| Zvi Kb¨v wgwg, iæwg, cyÎ cvàvi ˆkke ivwO‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| Zvi cwiwgwZ‡eva, myiæwP,
ÑÒ`yÕwZb w`b ev‡` cÖwZgv †`exi GKLvbv †_‡K eo n‡q K…wZ n‡q DVvi bvbv Mí eBwU‡Z wb‡R‡K cÖ”Qbœ ivLvi Ac~e© †KŠkj BZ¨vw`
wPwV †cjvg, †h‡Z wj‡L‡Qb|Ó g‡bvgy»Kifv‡e cwiwgwZi m‡½ cwi‡ewkZ cvVK‡K Ae¨kB gy» K‡i| avegvb mgq‡K,
cÖwZfv Amy¯’Zvi ARynv‡Z †mLv‡b n‡q‡Q| ü`‡qi e¨vKzjZv‡K, Rxe‡bi †kÖô AR©b‡K ïay
hvbwb| Zvici GKw`b GKRb iex›`ªbv‡_i weij cÖwZfvevb AZ¨šÍ cwikÖgx mr I RjQwe bqÑ Qwegq Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wZwb|
gvj bvUKwU wb‡q G‡m ej‡jb ¸iæ‡`e GwU wbôvevb AwZ AvaywbK eyׇ`e emyi m‡½ AZ¨šÍ †jLK Zuvi RxebKvwnbx‡K h_v_© Dc¯’vcbvi
†Zvgv‡K Kwc K‡i w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb| cvÊzwjwcwU ¸Yx-ggZvgqx-ˆah©kxjv-cÖZy¨rcbœgwZ cÖwZfv gva¨‡g mv_©Kfv‡e iƒcvqY K‡i Rxe‡bi RjQwe
Zzwg †i‡L †`‡e| cÖwZfv ej‡jbÑ Zvi nv‡Zi emyi wgjb weavZvi GK Ac~e© weavb| Zviv bvgKiYwU mymsnZ K‡i‡Qb|
†jLv Lye Lvivc, evbvb fzj nq| Zvi GZeo `yÕRb `yÕR‡bi cwic~iK wQ‡jb nq‡Zv| cÖwZfv G cÖR‡b¥i cvVK hw` AvMÖnf‡i eBwU
¯úa©v †bB †h ¸iæ‡`‡ei †jLv Kwc Ki‡eb| emy ¯^vgx‡K mKj `ytL †_‡K Avovj K‡i‡Qb ev c‡o Z‡e Avgvi cÖ‡Póv mv_©K n‡e|
me ï‡b eyׇ`e emy ej‡jbÑ ÒG wKš‘ †Zvgvi mngg©x n‡q‡Qb| Avevi my‡Li mgq Zv‡Z Ask
evovevwo| Iui nv‡Zi †jLv gvj‡Âi KwcUv wb‡q myL‡K ¯^M©xq gwngvq DbœxZ K‡i‡Qb|
Zzwg ivL‡j bv? Kx †evKv! Kx †evKv!Ó eyׇ`e Av‡gwiKvi eû wek¦we`¨vj‡q wfwRwUs †mwjbv †PŠayix
mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK iex›`ªbv_ wbðq cÖ‡dmi wnmv‡e, e³v wnmv‡e eûevi wM‡q‡Qb| wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK

32
bZzb Dcb¨vwmKv
cÖjvc b`xi cv‡i
A wb w›` Zv †Mv ¯^v gx
Ñ Gu¨v ! mwZ¨ ejQ? Ñ GKUvbv †MvOvwb|
Ñ nu¨v, Z‡e Avi ejwQ Kx| Ñ †Kv_vq e¨_v Ii?
Ñ KB Zzwg †`‡LQ? Ñ me©v‡½|
Ñ bv †`‡LB Kx ejwQ| Ñ Mig †Zj gvwjm Ki‡j nq bv|
Ñ GLb †M‡j †`Lv hv‡e? Ñ mviv Mv‡q cuvPov
Ñ bv| Ñ G‡n wbgcvZv R‡j dzwU‡q mœvb Kiv‡Z n‡e|
Ñ †Kb? Ñ Kwi‡qwQ †Zv|
Ñ hv‡e bv †Kb? Ñ Kwi‡qQ? ZvI Kuv‡`?
Ñ hv‡e bv ejwQ hv‡e bv| Ñ nu¨v|
Ñ Avt †nuqvjx †Kv‡iv bv, ej bv †Kb hv‡e bv| Ñ Kx e‡j Kuv‡`?
Ñ †m †bB| Ñ e‡j me b`xi ey‡K Rj R‡g hv‡”Q, gvV b`x †Pbv hvq bv|
Ñ †bB gv‡b? Ñ me b`xi R‡b¨ Kuv‡` †Zvgvi wcwm?
Ñ g‡i †M‡Q| Ñ nu¨v me b`xi R‡b¨ Kuv‡`|
Ñ g‡i †M‡Q! †mKx nVvr g‡i †Mj †Kb? Ñ †Zvgvi wcwmi Kx A‡bK eqm?
Ñ †m Avwg Kx Rvwb| Ñ Zv nj|
Ñ mwZ¨B Rvb bv, bv jyKv”Q? Ñ eyK¸‡jv Sz‡j †M‡Q?
Ñ †Zvgvi hw` ZvB g‡b nq ZvB| †Pqvi wb‡q Ny‡i `ovg K‡i gvijvg GK Nywm| me mn¨ Ki‡Z cvwi
Ñ Avgvi Kx g‡b n‡”Q †mUv eo K_v bv, mwZ¨ Kx †mUv ej| Avwg wKš‘ mvi`vwcwm‡K wb‡q †Kvb Akøxj K_v Avgvi mn¨ nq bv|
Ñ †Kvb mwZ¨Uv eje? Avgvi wcwm †m †hgbB †nvK Avgvi wcwm| Avwg evwo †M‡j wbgcvZv
Ñ GB †h nVvr g‡i †Mj Kx K‡i? R‡j dzwU‡q mœvb Kwi‡q w`B| wbgcvZv ïwK‡q ¸u‡ov K‡i cvDWv‡ii
Ñ `g eÜ n‡q| m‡½ wgwk‡q Mv‡q gvwL‡q w`B| gv_vq k¨v¤ú K‡i w`B, †Zj w`‡q Pzj
Ñ nVvr `g eÜ nj Kx K‡i? †eu‡a w`B, Avgvi eÜziv nv‡m, e‡j Kx †g‡qwj ¯^fve †i †Zvi| ayi
Ñ Zv Avwg Rvwb bv| Avwg Zv‡Z cvËv w`B bv| Avwg †Zv wiw¼i PzjI gv‡S gv‡S †eu‡a w`B|
Ñ Rvb Rvb Zzwg me Rvb, `g eÜ n‡q †Mj bv `g eÜ K‡i †`Iqv nj BDwbfvwm©wUi dzUej wU‡gi †MvjwKcvi Avwg| †ckxeûj myVvg `yÕLvwb
ej? cv‡qi AwaKvix Avwg| Avgvi cÖk¯Í eyK, cuvP bq D”PZv| wiw¼i Pzj
Ñ H GKB nj| †eu‡a w`‡j, bL †K‡U w`‡j, wcwmi Kvco †K‡P w`‡j Avgvi †cŠiæl
Ñ mvi`vwcwm ïay Kuv‡`| Kg‡e †Kb? gykwKj †Zv †mLv‡b bq, gykwKj Ab¨Lv‡b| †M‡iv †Zv
Ñ †Kb mvi`vwcwm Kuv‡` †Kb? Avwg Ab¨ RvqMvq cvKvB| wiw¼ †L‡c hvq Ab¨ Kvi‡Y|

33
 `yB †b‡o Avgvi bvgUv †P‡c †`Iqv nq| AvwgI
A‡bKÿY †_‡K wiw¼ G‡m e‡m Av‡Q †PŠwKi GK‡kv gvBj `~‡i c‡o AvwQ| Avgvi n‡q
Ic‡i| Avwg cvËvB w`w”Q bv| wiw¼ LvwbKÿY Z`viwK Ki‡e †K| `v`vivI wb‡R‡`i wb‡q
Iobv wb‡q Av½y‡j cu¨vPv‡jv| LvwbKÿY `uvZ e¨¯Í|
w`‡q bL KvUj, LvwbKÿY GKUv eB‡qi cvZv wiw¼Uv ïay ïay Avgvi m‡½ Rovj| Avgvi †Kvb
Iëvj, Avwg †`‡LI †`Ljvg bv| †mB †h Avwg fwel¨ZB †bB| ZvI Avevi e`ivMx †Lcv‡U|
†Pqv‡ii Ic‡i nuvUz gy‡o e‡mwQ †Zv e‡mB I GLb Gg.Gmwm c‡o| †`L‡ZI g›` bv|
AvwQ| K‡qKevi K_v ejvi †PóvI K‡i‡Q `yÕw`b ev‡`B fvj we‡q n‡q †hZ| Aek¨
wiw¼, Avwg nvevM½viv‡gi gZ k~b¨ `„wó‡Z Ii BDwbfvwm©wU K¨v¤úvm Qvo‡j Ii †gvn †K‡U
w`‡K ZvwK‡q †_‡KwQ| wiw¼ ejj, †h‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Avwg gy³ wen½|
Ñ Zzwg Zvn‡j Avgvi m‡½ fvj K‡i K_vB wiw¼Uv‡K Lye fvj jv‡M wKš‘ memgq g‡b nq
ej‡e bv? GKUv eÜb| Avwg Rvwb Avgvi wKQz n‡e bv
Gevi Avwg gv_v Zz‡j ejjvg Avgvi m‡½ Avi mvivRxe‡b| Zvi R‡b¨ Avgvi AZ `ytL †bB|
m¤úK© †i‡Lv bv wiw¼, euvP‡Z PvI †Zv cvjvI| M‡elYv K‡iB KvwU‡q †`e wKš‘ H †h wiw¼ e‡j
Ñ GB wb‡q Kevi ej‡j K_vUv Zzwg? evwo †_‡K m¤^Ü †`L‡e ej‡Q, we‡`‡k hvIqvi
Ñ Zzwg †kvb bv e‡jB evievi ej‡Z nq| †Póv Ki‡Z cv‡iv bvÑ ZLbB †Kgb GKUv
Ñ Avwg hw` mwZ¨B Gevi ïwb †Zvgvi Amyweav jv‡M| MZ cuvP-QqeQi Avwg †Kvb AvZ¥xq-
†bB †Zv? ¯^R‡bi evwo hvBwb| †M‡jB e‡j GLbI †Kvb
Gevi GKUz Avwg b‡oP‡o emjvg| ejjvg PvKwi-evKwi nj nj bv †Zvi| Avnv †i GZ
†Zvgvi fq K‡i bv Avgvi m‡½ †cÖg Ki‡Z? fvj †iRvë †Zvi| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wkÿvi
Ñ Lye| †Kvb g~j¨ †bB|
Ñ Z‡e Avm †Kb? gv_vq i³ D‡V hvq Avgvi Gme K_v ïb‡j|
Ñ bv G‡m cvwi bv ZvB| Avwg PvKwi cvB Avi bv cvB Kvi ev‡ci Kx?
Ñ Avgv‡K †Zvgvi my¯’ g‡b nq? covi eB cvBwb, mvnv‡h¨i gv÷vi cvBwbÑ
Ñ GKUzI bv| †Kvb& KzUzg KÕevi G‡m `uvwo‡q‡Q cv‡k|
Ñ GKUv Amy¯’ †jvK‡K fvjevm‡Z PvI? Avgv‡`i b¨vRIqvjv eo eo me KzUz¤^ nvwZ P‡o
Ñ Amy¯’ e‡jB †Zv fvjevm‡Z PvB| ey‡K gv_v ev‡n¨ hvq †Nvov P‡j †Quv‡P Avi Avwg †m‡KÛ
†P‡c a‡i †Lcvi †LcvwgUv fvj Ki‡Z PvB| n¨vÛ mvB‡Kj †VwO‡q evwo evwo wUDkwb Kwi,
Ñ mwZ¨Kv‡ii cvMj‡`i †KD ey‡K †P‡c a‡i Av`‡ii `yjvj‡`i me we‡`¨ w`M&MR Kwi|
bv| wg‡_¨ K_v ej‡e bv| †e‡ivI †e‡ivI
GLvb †_‡K| wZb
Ñ Kx ejQ Zzwg? †Zvgvi Kx mwZ¨ gv_vi wVK j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z Xz‡K Avwg A‡bKUv wbwðšÍ nB|
†bB| j¨ve‡iUwiUv A‡bKUv Avgvi ¸nvi gZ| evN
Ñ bv †bB| Avwg †hw`b mwZ¨ cvMj n‡q hve †hgb Zvi wbR¯^ ¸nvq Xz‡K kvwšÍ Abyfe
†mw`b †KD Avgvi m‡½ _vK‡e bv| K‡i| AvwgI A‡bKUv †miKg| j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z
Ñ Zzwg mwZ¨ cvMj n‡q hv‡e Zzwg Rv‡bv? Xz‡KB AuvPo †K‡U Avwg Avgvi Gwiqv wPwýZ
Ñ nu¨v Rvwb| Avgiv cvM‡ji esk| Zzwg hv‡e K‡i wbB| mvi mvi †U÷wUD‡e wUmy¨ KvjPvi
wK bv, wZb ¸Y‡Z ¸Y‡Z Zzwg GLvb †_‡K wgwWqvg Av‡jv c‡o PKPK K‡i| dg©vwj‡bi
†K‡U co| bv n‡j Lvivc n‡e wKš‘| †evZj, A‡Uv‡K¬f, wcGBP wgUvi Gm‡ei
Iobvq gyL †P‡c Qz‡U †ewi‡q †Mj wiw¼| e¨vUv, g‡a¨| Avwg Lye ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva Kwi| `xN©k¦vm
nvIqvi m‡½ jovB K‡i Avgvi Mv‡Î nj e¨_v| †Q‡o Avwg Kv‡R gb w`B|
†Kb †h Avgvi m‡½ G‡m eKeK ïiæ K‡i| mvi`vwcwm e‡j Avwg bvwK Mv‡Q‡`i Wv³vi|
evwo †_‡K Avmvi c‡iB Avgvi G hš¿Yv ïiæ wcwm wKQz‡ZB gvb‡e bv Wv³vi Avi W±‡iU
nq| w`b `yB GiKg Pj‡e Zvici me bg©vj| GK wRwbm bv| Avwg eywS‡q eywS‡q ewj
KZevi fvwe wiw¼‡K Kó †`e bv wKš‘ GmgqUv M‡elYv Ki‡j †h Dcvwa †`Iqv nq Zv‡K
eKeK Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avwg GZ K¬všÍ _vwK †h W±‡iU e‡j Avi wPwKrmK‡`i W±i e‡j|
wiw¼ G‡jB g‡b nq Mjv av°v w`‡q I‡K Ni Nvo †euwK‡q †kv‡b, Ggbfv‡e Nvo bv‡o g‡b
†_‡K †ei K‡i w`B| nq me eyS‡Z cvij ZviciB Avgvi Mv‡q
wK”Qz †Ljvg bv| ivbœvi gvwm G‡mwQj ivbœv nvZ eywj‡q e‡j Mv‡Q‡`i Wv³vi| ÔAiæYvf
Ki‡Z, evwo cvwV‡q w`jvg| Vvq e‡m iBjvg miKvi/ Mv‡Q IVv `iKvi| MvQ †_‡K c‡o
†Pqv‡ii Ic‡i| †M‡j/ Ily‡ai `iKvi|Õ Avwg wcwmi cuvPovq
`k eQi a‡i wb‡qvM eÜ K‡jR¸‡jv‡Z| K¨vwÛU we †jvkb jvMv‡Z jvMv‡Z ewj ÔwK‡mi
Avgvi wcGBP.wW KgwcøU n‡q wM‡q‡Q| GLb g‡a¨ wK? cvšÍv fv‡Z wN|Õ AiæYvf miKvi
BDwbfvwm©wUi GKUv †cv÷ W±ivj †cÖv‡R‡± Mv‡Q‡`i Wv³vi bv mvi`vi Wv³vi †mUvB
KvR Kwi| UvKv-cqmv fvjB †`q, m‡½ eyS‡Z cviwQ bv|
wUDkwb| AvgviUv Avgvi P‡j hvq| i‡ÿ †ek m‡Ü¨ n‡q †Mj| wWcvU©‡g‡›U K¬vm U&jvm
GUvB †h `v`v‡`i Kv‡Q nvZ cvZ‡Z nq bv| †kl n‡q †Mj| ZvI wiw¼ GKeviI j¨v‡ei
†Kvb ¯‹z‡j Avgv‡K Wv‡K bv hw` Avwg †M‡j `iRvq DuwK gvij bv| eySjvg †i‡M‡Q|
Avgv‡K wb‡Z nq| GK‡PÄ †_‡KB KjKvwV ivMUv GKUzI A¯^vfvweK bvÑ LyeB ¯^vfvweK|

34
wVK Kijvg j¨ve †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡Kev‡i Ii ZvB AvR bq Kvj K‡i Avi cvëvbI n‡”Q
†nv‡÷‡j wM‡q I‡K mvB‡K‡j Zz‡j wb‡q evmvq bv| Wej K¨vwi Ki‡j GKUz †ewk jv‡M Zey
wdie| †ek GKUz †Zj LiP Ki‡Z n‡e eyS‡Z BDwbfvwm©wUi cv‡ki duvKv iv¯Ív w`‡q wiw¼‡K
cviwQ| mvB‡K‡j wb‡q hLb Avwm ZLb Lye fvj
†jwWm †nv‡÷‡ji mvg‡b wM‡q Avwg Avgvi jv‡M|
jRS‡i mvB‡Kj †_‡K bvgjvg| †jwWm AÜKvi AvKv‡k Kvjcyiæ‡li †KvgieÜbx|
†nv‡÷‡ji `v‡ivqvb my‡ib Avgv‡K Lye fvj Rxe‡bI GB Kvjcyiæl Avwg Ryo‡Z cvijvg
K‡i †P‡b| Rv‡b KZ b¤^i iæ‡g nuvK w`‡Z bv †iLv †U‡b| Avgvi Kíbv wKQz‡ZB AZ
n‡e| G me my‡i‡bi gyL¯’| †Kvb& mvB‡K‡ji cÖmvwiZ nq bv H †KvgieÜbx‡ZB AvU‡K
m‡½ KZ b¤^i iæg, †Kvb& ¯‹zUv‡ii m‡½ KZ iBjvg wZwikUv eQi| †Kv_vq Zvi gv_v
b¤^i iæg| †Kv_vq Zvi cv †Kv_vq Zvi KzKzi wK”Qz wVK
Avgv‡K †`‡LB AvIqvR w`j, cvB bv| †KD eySv‡j nu¨v nu¨v Kwi wKš‘ Avwg
iæg bv¤^vi wm·wUb wiw¼w` Mv‡R©b| Av‡`Š wKQz †`L‡Z cvB bv| †m Zzjbvq A‡bK
wbKzwP K‡i‡Q Mv‡R©b| kvjv cvk K‡i ¯úó wiw¼i Mv‡qi mvev‡bi MÜ, Ii eo eo
†e‡iv‡jB dzwU‡q †`‡e Avgv‡K| Avwg bvwK †PvL, Ii `yjwK Pjb|
Avevi wiw¼i Mv‡R©b| †nv‡÷‡j Aek¨ †`Lv VvÊv evZvm jvMwQj gy‡L †Pv‡L| Avwg gyL bxPz
Ki‡Z G‡jB nq wfwRUvi bq Mv‡R©b| Ab¨w`b K‡i wiw¼i Mv‡j GKUv Pzgy †Ljvg Avi e¨vm
my‡i‡bi AvIqvR †c‡jB †`vZjvi eviv›`vq GUzKz‡ZB Avgvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ jvwd‡q DVj mnmª
†iwjs a‡i Suy‡K c‡o wiw¼| AvR †`Lv †bB| wmsn| `yÕcv Zz‡j Suvwc‡q co‡Z PvBj wiw¼i
eySjvg nvIqv Mig| fvejvg AvR †evanq Avi big my‡Wvj ey‡K| wiw¼ †Zv ev”Pv †g‡q| GB
bvgjB bv wiw¼| `xN© mgq A‡cÿv Kivi ci eqmx †g‡qiv cyiælM‡Ü GgwbB cvMj n‡q
†`Ljvg js ¯‹vU© Avi kvU© c‡o M‡R›`ªMg‡b hvq| Avi I‡Zv `vwe K‡i I bvwK Avgv‡K
†nj‡Z `yj‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡Q wiw¼| gbUv GKUz fvjev‡m| Z‡e †Zv Avi K_vB †bB|
Avk¦¯Í nj, hvK †eu‡P †MwQ G hvÎv| Avwg `iRv Ly‡jB Suvwc‡q cojvg wiw¼i
wiw¼ Kv‡Q Avm‡ZB f‡q f‡q wdmwdm K‡i Ici| Avgvi me wKQzB eo Zxeª| Zxeª c¨vmvb
ejjvgÑ Pj| Avgvi| Zxeª †ÿvf, Zxeª ivM, Zxeª wnsmv|
wiw¼ fziæ KuyP‡K ejjÑ †Kv_vq? Avgvi es‡k mevB GKiKg| Avgvi evev,
Ñ Avgvi evmvq|
wcwm mevB| Avgvi gv‡S gv‡S B”Qv K‡i
Ñ bv|
wiw¼i gm„Y Z¡‡K Lvg‡P mvi`vwcwmi Mv‡qi
Ñ †Kb?
Ñ †Lcvwg †`Lvi R‡b¨? gZ cuvPov K‡i w`B| ZxeªZv Kg‡j ewjÑ GB
Ñ Avgvi †Lcvwgi R‡b¨B bvwK Zzwg Avgvq Zzwg ivM Kiwb?
fvjevm! †`wL I dm©v gm„Y Z¡‡K Avgvi Mfxi n‡q
Ñ Zvi GKUv mxgv Av‡Q| e‡m hvIqv b‡Li ÿ‡Z nvZ eyjv‡Z eyjv‡Z
Ñ mwi| weoweo Ki‡Q Ii wcÖq me KweZvi jvBb|
Ñ mwi ej‡jB mvZ Lyb gvd n‡q hvq? ÔRvwb, cyiæ‡li Kv‡Q `my¨ZvB cÖZ¨vkv
Ñ mvZ Lyb bv nq bv †nvK GK Lyb †Zv gvd K‡i‡Qv| †Zvgv‡K dz‡ji †`‡k wb‡q hv‡e
nq| e‡j †h-†cÖwgK/ †d‡j †i‡L †M‡Q c‡_, Rvwb,
Ñ bv nq bv| Zvi wg_¨v evM&`vb/ nv‡Zi gvjvi g‡Zv GL‡bv
Ñ Avwg wd‡i hve? Rwo‡q iv‡Lv Pz‡j|
Ñ nu¨v hv‡e| wiw¼‡K †nv‡÷‡j w`‡q hLb wdwi Diæi R¡jywbUv
Ñ Zzwg wK Avi †Kvb w`bB Avgvi m‡½ hv‡e †ewk K‡i †Ui cvB| Zey A™fzZ GK fvj
bv? jvMvq f‡i hvq gb| †ek †Rv‡i †Rv‡i Mvb
Ñ bv| MvB‡Z MvB‡Z iv¯Ív w`‡q wdwi| ÔZzwg wbg©j
Avwg Avgvi jRS‡i mvB‡Kj Nywi‡q ejjvg Ki g½j K‡i/ gwjb gg© gyQv‡q/ jÿk~b¨ jÿ
mvi`vwcwm ïay ¸wO‡q ¸wO‡q Kuv‡`| K‡Vvi evmbv QzwU‡Q Mfxi Auvav‡i/ Rvwb bv KLb Wz‡e
¯^‡i wiw¼ WvKjÑ †kvb| hv‡e †Kvb AKzj Mij cv_v‡i|Õ
Ñ wK? mvi`vwcwm hLb ev‡ci evwo AvmZ, m‡Ü¨‡ejv
Ñ †Kv_vq hv”Q? nvi‡gvwbqvg wb‡q emZ| ejZ Avq‡Zv Aiæ
Ñ †Lcvwg Ki‡Z| †iIqv‡R emwe| †Zvi MjvUv Lye my‡i P‡j|
Ñ `uvovI Avwg hve| mKvj-m‡Ü¨ wbqg K‡i †iIqv‡R em‡Z cvwim
Avwg AevK n‡q ejjvg, ej‡j †h hv‡e bv| bv| wcwmi †Q‡j e¼v ZLb GB GZUzKz| I
wiw¼ †Kvb K_v bv e‡j Avgvi mvB‡K‡ji i‡W G‡m emZ Avgvi cv‡k| A‡bKÿY mv‡i Mvgv
e‡m ejjÑ Pj, †ewk †ev‡Kv bv| cvëv mvav nj Zvici `yÕ‡Uv Mvb gv÷| Zzwg
wbg©j Ki, Avi abavb¨ cy®ú fiv| `v`viv ejZ
Pvi ÔH RvZxq m½x‡Z ïiæ n‡q‡QÕ|
wmU KvfviUvI cvëv‡Z n‡e| wQu‡o wM‡q Ggb wcwm ejZ, Aiæ cv¸‡jv Lwo D‡V wK Ae¯’v,
LoL‡o n‡q wM‡q‡Q †h mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡Z †M‡j GKUz †Zj-†UjI w`‡Z cvwim bv? Avm‡j †eŠw`
Diæ Qz‡o hvq| †ev‡ivwjb jvMv‡j Aek¨ K‡g m`vB iæMœ, evwoUv QbœQvov kªxnxb n‡q †M‡Q|

35
nv‡Z mi‡li †Zj wb‡q wcwm cv‡q gvwL‡q cuvP Ñ GKUv PvKwi †c‡jB †Zv PuvwUevwU ¸wU‡q
w`Z| Avgvi Mv‡qi g‡a¨ wmiwmi KiZ wKš‘ †iv` c‡o G‡m‡Q| `yB †Mvj †cv‡÷i gvSLv‡b cvjv‡e|
B‡”Q KiZ wcwm Avgvi mviv Mv‡q †Zj gvwL‡q `uvwo‡q Avwg| gvSgvV †_‡K Ac‡b›U wU‡gi Ñ †Zv Kx Kie, GLv‡b KÕcqmv †`q Avgv‡K?
w`K| Mi渇jv †Mvqv‡j mvivw`b †Pvqvj †b‡o ÷ªvBKvi cvm w`‡Z w`‡Z ej wb‡q G¸‡”Q| Avgv‡KI †Zv we‡q _v Ki‡Z n‡e, wiw¼Uv e‡m
†b‡o Rvei KvUZ| Avwg wM‡q g½wj, †Mvwj nVvr Avgvi cv‡qi Zjvi gvwU b‡o DVj| Av‡Q|
I‡`i m‡½ Mí KiZvg| g‡b nj UvjgvUvj Ki‡Q gvV| wKK& K‡i‡Q Ñ we‡q K‡i Kx Ki‡e? †Zvgv‡`i evwo‡Z †Zv
Ñwcwm †Zj gvwL‡q w`‡j Avgvi Kx Avb›` nq ej| D‡o Avm‡Q ej| Avgv‡K Suvwc‡q c‡o we‡qB †U‡K bv|
Rvwbm| ai‡Z n‡e Gevi| Avwg †`Ljvg mvi`vwcwm Ñ †Kb Avevi Kx nj?
Ñ Avb›` n‡jB †Zv nq bv| wcwmi †Zv k¦ïi QzU‡Z QzU‡Z Avm‡Q, Aiæ cvwj‡q Avq cvwj‡q Ñ †Kb Rvb bv wKQz?
Ni Av‡Q| Avq euvP‡Z Pvm hw` cvwj‡q Avq †hLv‡b ZzB ÑwK K‡i Rvbe? Avgv‡K wK †KD wKQz e‡j?
Ñ Zv _vK bv †K †eu‡a †i‡L‡Q| `uvwo‡q AvwQm I †h b`xi Ic‡i Rgv Rj, cuvK Ñ `v`vi †Zv †evanq wW‡fvm© n‡q hv‡e|
цKD †eu‡a iv‡Lwb, Avm‡j †KD †eu‡aB iv‡Lwb k¨vIjv, cv Rwo‡q hv‡e evev, Wz‡e hvwe| ej Ñ †m Kx †Kb?
GUvB mgm¨v| P‡j †Mj Rv‡j| Avwg bxPz n‡q ZvwK‡q iBjvg Ñ`v`vi eD G‡m †_‡K †Zvgvi gv †Zv Avi
Ñ †eu‡a ivL‡jB fvj nZ Z‡e? gv‡Vi w`‡K, fziæ KuzP‡K Mfxifv‡e wbixÿY Kz‡UvwU †f‡O `yÕLvb Kij bv|
Ñ fvj nZ bv? eÜb bv _vK‡j msmvi nq? Ki‡Z jvMjvg gvV, Nvm, ax‡i ax‡i e‡m c‡o ÑIme †g‡qjx K¨vPvj Avgv‡K ïwbI bv †Zv|
Ñ †K e‡j‡Q wcwm‡K msmvi Ki‡Z| Av½yj w`‡q wU‡c wU‡c †`L‡Z jvMjvg AvOyj Ñmsmv‡i _vK‡Z †M‡j me wKQzB ïb‡Z nq|
Ñ Igv msmvi Ki‡e bv †Zv wK †Zvgvi gZ Wz‡e hv‡”Q wKbv, Av½yj †Kv_vI R‡ji ¯úk© Avwg mœvb Kie wKš‘ Pzj wfRve bv Zv‡Zv nq
`vgov †Q‡ji †mev Ki‡e? cv‡”Q wK bv| bv|
цgv‡UB bv, Avwg †gv‡UB Zv ewjwb| †Q‡jiv me Qz‡U Gj, ejj AiæYvf`v †Zvgvi Ñ gvi R‡b¨ eDw` `v`v‡K †Q‡o P‡j hv‡e?
Ñ Z‡e Kx e‡jQ? kixi Lvivc jvM‡Q? Avwg †Kvb Reve w`jvg Ñ bv Zv bq|
Ñwcwmi kvïwo wcwm‡K wK †LuvUv †`q ZzB †Zv bv weoweo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nuvU‡Z jvMjvg iv¯Ívi Ñ Z‡e?
Rvwbm bv| w`‡K, †KD †KD D®§v cÖKvk K‡i ejj, Gevi Ñ †Zvgvi `v`v bvwK GKUv PoI †g‡iwQj
Ñ Lye Rvwb| kvïwoiv Agb GKUz †LuvUv w`‡qB AiæYvf`v‡K miv, PvKwi bv †c‡q †c‡q I eDw`‡K|
_v‡K| GKUz wQ‡Uj n‡q †M‡Q| Avgvi AbyivMx ÑGKUv Po †g‡iwQj e‡j, hvt ZvB nq we‡qi
Ñ †Kb †LuvUv †`‡e †Kb, eD †Zv †g‡qi GKRb ejj GBme cÖvKwUm g¨v‡P I A‡bK ci †_‡K `v`v eDw`‡K Kg K‡i GK‡kvUv Pzgy
gZB| wQ‡UjwMwi Ki‡e Avmj mgq †`Lwe dzj d‡g©, †L‡qwQj wbðqB, GKUv P‡oi K_v g‡b ivLj
Ñ †g‡qi gZB| †g‡q †Zv bv, IB gZ‡ZB hZ Ii nvZ w`‡q ej jvM‡e bv| GK‡kvUv Pzgyi K_v g‡b ivL‡e bv|
ц`LQ †LjwQ Gi g‡a¨ †Zvgvi †mB GK †fbv cÖZ¨vL¨vbUvB gvby‡li †ewk g‡b _v‡K, MÖnYUv
MʇMvj|
cuvPvwj| bq|
Ñ wc‡mgkvBI Lye †gRvRx, Lye ivMx|
Ñ mZK© K‡i bv w`‡j †Mvj †cv‡÷ †Zvgvi Ñ GKevi KvD‡K gb †_‡K MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi
Ñ Av‡i evc Rvwb Rvwb| cyiælgvby‡li †gRvR GKUv Po‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb e‡j g‡b n‡e †Kb?
Qvov †cŠiæl _v‡K bv| gv_vUv Vz‡K †hZ|
Ñ †hZ †Zv †hZ| ZvB e‡j H Rywbqvi Ñ GB †Zv gykwKj Ki‡j gb †_‡K KÕUv gvbyl
Ñ †Zvgvi gv_v, mvivw`b †Pvqvj †b‡o †b‡o KÕUv gvbyl‡K MÖnY K‡i ej?
†Q‡j¸‡jvi mvg‡b †eB¾wZ|
Rvei KvwUmÑ Gi †ewk ZzB Avi Kx ejwe| Ñ Z‡e Avmj K_vUv ¯^xKvi Ki|
Ñ †eB¾wZi Kx Av‡Q?
wcwm k¦ïievwo P‡j †hZ Avi evwoUv Nywg‡q Ñ †Zvgvi mvi`vwcwmI †Zv ...
Ñ †eB¾wZ bq b`x dw` Rj dj e‡j Avgv‡K
coZ †PvL ey‡R| KvwjSzwj gvLv Puv` †Mvqv‡ji Nve‡o w`‡j, Gw`‡K LUL‡U gvV| Ñ GB ev‡R K_v ej‡e bv| Zvi cwiw¯’wZ wQj
gv_vi Ic‡i †hb Rvei KvU‡Q †Zv KvU‡QB| Ñ mvi`vwcwmi †MvOvwb Lye †e‡o‡Q| m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v|
gvi †hb m‡e‡ZB weiw³| gvi Kx †h AmyL Ñ evo–K Avwg wK Kie? Ñ †Zvgvi wcwm, ZvB †Zvgvi Avjv`v g‡b
AvRI aiv coj bv| memgqB gvi eyK aodo Ñ evwo hv‡e bv? nq|
K‡i| BwmwR Kwi‡q †`Lv †M‡Q nv‡U©i Ae¯’v Ñ Avgvi KvRK¤§ †bB? Ñ bv bvix-cyiæ‡li mgvbycvwZK GB c„w_ex‡Z
w`we¨ fvj| eo`vi we‡q n‡q B¯ÍK gv †Kvbw`b Ñ KvRK¤§ †Zv mevi _v‡K ZvB e‡j GKw`b Zvi mšÍv‡bi †Kvb RvqMv wQj bv| Ck¦iB ej
b‡o e‡mwb msmv‡i| gv †h mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ KZ evwo hvIqv hvq bv? Avi mgvRB ej Zv‡K †KD my¯’fv‡e euvP‡Z
wbwj©ß n‡Z cv‡i Zv Avgvi gv‡K bv †`L‡j Ñ Avgvi evwo †h‡Z fvj jv‡M bv| †`qwb|
†KD wek¦vmB Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ñ evwo †h‡Z fvj jv‡M bv! Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z mvB‡Kj wb‡q evwoi `iRvi
wPiKvj mvwn‡Z¨, mgv‡R gv bv‡gi KZ gvnvZ¥¨| Ñ bv, IUv Kx evwo? mvg‡b D‡ë c‡o †Mjvg Avwg| `uv‡Z `uvZ
Avgvi GKUz nvwmB cvq Zey fvwe hvK‡M Rb¥‡Zv Ñ Z‡e IUv Kx? †j‡M Av‡Q| evwoIqvjv gvmxgv Qz‡U G‡m‡Qb|
w`‡q‡Q, ZvB †Zv GB c„w_exUv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Ñ IUv †Lvqvo| Pvg‡Pi wcQb w`‡q Avgvi `uv‡Z Pvc w`‡q
cviwQ| Aek¨ Avwg gv-evevi †h eq‡mi mšÍvb Ñ ILv‡bB †Zv †Zvgvi mvi`vwcwm _v‡K| `uvZ Ly‡j‡Qb| †Pv‡L gy‡L VvÊv R‡ji SvcUv
†m eq‡m †KD bZzb K‡i mšÍvb Avb‡Z Pvq Ñ H R‡b¨B‡Zv mvivw`b Rvei Kv‡U| w`‡q‡Qb|
bv| Avm‡j Iu‡`i Acm„qgvY †hŠeb AuvK‡o Ñ †m †Zv Zzwg GLv‡b †_‡KI mvivw`b Rvei Wv³vi †`‡L †M‡Qb| Wv³vi e‡j‡Qb
ai‡Z PvIqvi dj Avwg| G‡ÿ‡Î gv-evevi KvUQ| H GK j¨ve‡iUwi Avi evwo, evwo Avi Gwc‡jc&wm| Avgvi g„Mx †ivM n‡q‡Q| GKv
Pvwn`vi AbycvZ wba©viY Ki‡Z Avwg AcviM| j¨ve‡iUwi| H GK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †MÖv_ †`LQ, N‡i _vK‡Z eviY K‡i †M‡jb| Avwg g‡b g‡b
gv-evev Qvov mwVK AbycvZ wba©viY Ki‡Z KjvMv‡Qi †MÖv_ †`LQ, G †Zv †h M‡elYv nvmjvg| hvK Avwg Zvn‡j cvMj n‡Z ïiæ
cv‡i Avi GKRbB| †m hw` †Kvbw`b Avgv‡K n‡”Q, Kx nvwZ †Nvov Avwe®‹vi n‡”Q ïwb? K‡iwQ|
Rvbvq Z‡eB Rvb‡Z cvie| Z‡e †m hv hš¿ me Ñ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki M‡elYv gv‡b †Zv H| Mv‡Qi
mgq Avgvi G¨vw›U KivUvB Zvi KvR| Avwg ˆ`N©¨ †g‡c Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Rxeb †K‡U hvq| Qq
hv Rvb‡Z PvBe Zv †Zv †m Avgv‡K ej‡e bv, Ñ K‡iv †Kb IB me †evKv †evKv KvR| cvMj nIqvUvB †hb Avgvi Rxe‡bi eªZ n‡q
Avgvi hv ej‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡e bv †mUv wb‡q †m Ñ bv bv Avgvi KvRUv AZ †evKv †evKv bq| `uvwo‡q‡Q| Avgvi wcwm wKš‘ b¨vs‡Uv cvMj
†LuvPv‡e| wKQz fvj KvR KiwQ| bq| mvivw`b N‡ii †Kvbvq e‡m e‡m Mv

36
PzjKvq Avi Kuv‡`| Iui ¸wO‡q ¸wO‡q GKiKg cuvRv‡Kvjv K‡i a‡i wcwm‡K †Muv †MvOvwb‡Z ZvwK‡q †`Ljvg wcwm
Kvbœvi †R‡i mviv evwo Aw¯’i n‡q hvq| wb‡q hvB Kz‡qvZjvq| wcwm †di Kuv`‡Z VKVK K‡i Kuvc‡Q Avi ej‡Q Rj Rj,
GKUvbv Amn¨ Kvbœv| Avi¤¢ K‡i, Wz‡e †M‡j AvwgI K¼vj ûu ûu Wz‡e hv‡”Q Wz‡e hv‡”Q Avi Kvco †Pvco
Ñ I wcwm Avi †Ku‡`v bv| wcwmi Nvo ûu ûu, Avwg gv‡M©v mvevb Avi †Qvev w`‡q wfwR‡q Kj Kj K‡i †c”Qve n‡q hv‡”Q
bxPz| _uyZwb `yÕnuvUzi g‡a¨ †MuvRv| I N‡l N‡l wcwmi Mv †_‡K gqjv Zzwj Avi wcwmi| evMv‡bi Xvj †e‡q †m †c”Qv‡ei
wcwm Gevi GKUz Pzc Ki| wcwm †kv‡b g‡M K‡i wbgcvZv w`‡q †dvUvb Cl`yò aviv e‡q P‡j‡Q gv‡qi Zzjmx g‡Âi Avgvi GKUz
bv, GKUvbv †MvOvwb| I wcwm Avwg Aiæ Rj Xvj‡Z _vwK wcwmi gv_vq| gv_vi w`‡K|
Avgv‡K ej‡e bv wK †Zvgvi Kó? Ici ga¨w`‡bi cÖLi Zcb Zvc| cy‡o GLywb Ab_© NU‡e| gv wPrKvi K‡i evwo
nvwmB cvq
Ñ Aiæ, Aiæ, me b`x‡Z Rj R‡g, Kx hvq `k w`K| gv wPrKvi K‡i, Gevi gv_vq Ki‡e| `yÕnvZ w`‡q wcwmi †c”Qve Zey fvwe
n‡e †i Aiæ gvV b`x †Pbv hvq bv mevB evwo ï× mevB cvMj n‡e| cvMjv Mvi` Avwg †jc‡Z jvMjvg D‡Vv‡b| b`x Zzwg
Szcym K‡i Wz‡e hv‡e| n‡e GUv GKUv| bZzb eDw` cuvwP‡ji Gfv‡e Avi KZ w`b eB‡e? gvby‡li hvK‡M
Ñ Rj mwi‡q †`e cuvK mwi‡q †`e Ici †_‡K Nvo DuPz K‡i cv‡ki evwoi †PvL †_‡K, gyÎØvi †_‡K, Rb¥Øvi †_‡K Rb¥‡Zv
†Zvgvi †Kvb fq †bB| wZ¯Ív b`x eDw`‡K e‡j, wQt hZ me †e‡jjøvcbv| cuyR n‡q, i³ n‡q, iRim n‡q| gnv‡`e
†`L‡Z hv‡e wcwm? †`L‡e cv_‡i av°v †`L‡j Mv wNb wNb K‡i| Avwg wPrKvi †Zvgvi RUvqÑ Zzwg †kvab Ki cweÎ Ki w`‡q‡Q,
†j‡M †j‡M Rj KjKj K‡i eB‡Q| K‡i DwV, wcwmi Nv‡q hLb gvwQ em‡e mg¯Í b`xi Rj| eo cuvK eo †Nvjv‡U ZvB †Zv GB
Ñ b`x GLbI eB‡Q Aiæ? ZLb †Zvgv‡`i Mv wNb wNb Ki‡e bv n‡q †M‡Q me|
ÑeB‡Q †Zv| eDw`? Avi IB gvwQ †Zvgvi Mv‡q em‡j c„w_exUv
Ñ †b‡P †b‡P eB‡Q? †Zvgvi †mvbvi A‡½I †Zv wNbwN‡b Nv, AvU Dc‡fvM
Ñ †b‡P †b‡P eB‡Q| Avwg PvKwi †c‡j ZLb Kx Ki‡e? `yÕnv‡Z Kvb †P‡c WzK‡i ûjy aŸwb‡Z Kv‡b Zvjv jvMvi †RvMvo|
†Zvgv‡K gvbvwj †eov‡Z wb‡q hve| †Ku‡` D‡V eDw`| Qz‡U wM‡q weQvbvi Mvj dzwj‡q kuv‡L duz w`‡”Q wgóz, Avgvi Ki‡Z
†`L‡e wecvkvi Kx iƒc| Kx Ac~e© iO Ici Dcyo n‡q Kuv‡`| Avgvi Lye Z…wß gvgv‡Zv †evb| D‡Vv‡b wk‡ji Ic‡i cviwQ|
†m R‡ji| nq| wcwm nv‡m, wLj wLj K‡i nv‡m| `uvwo‡q Av‡Q mvi`vwcwm, Mv‡q jvj
Ñ Rj R‡g, wb? wcwmi KvZyKzZz jvM‡Q †h! Avwg W‡j MvgQv Rovb, jvj cvo mv`v kvwo Aek¨ Avwg
Ñ Kx K‡i Rg‡e? eB‡Q †Zv| W‡j mvevb N‡l mœvb KivB wcwm‡K| civ| cvovi KvKxgv Avi eDw`iv wg‡j gv-evevi
Ñ bv bv Kx K‡i eB‡e KZ Rgv Rj cuvK mvev‡bi ey`ey‡` f‡i hvq Kz‡qvZjv| a‡i †c‡o wcwmi `yÕMv‡j, †Lvjv wc‡V
k¨vIjv| RjZi½ I‡V UzsUvs evjwZ‡Z Avi njy` gvLv‡”Q| G wK‡i evev wcwm Mvj †h eq‡mi
Ñ bv wcwm me b`x GK iKg bv, me g‡M| mwi‡q wb‡”Q ZvI mevB †Rvi K‡i njy` mšÍvb †m
gvbyl Kx GK iKg ej? gvLv‡”Q| G wK‡i evev mevi mvg‡b †Rvi
Ñ Zz&B Avjv`v Avwg Avjv`v| mvZ K‡i wcV Ly‡j w`‡”Q, g‡b Av‡Q, Lye ivM eq‡m †KD
Ñ Z‡e? evMv‡bi `wÿY †Kv‡Y Av‡jv K‡i MÜivR n‡q wM‡qwQj Avgvi, Avwg cv‡ki evwoi bZzb K‡i
Ñ e¼v Avjv`v, wi›Uz Avjv`v| dz‡U‡Q| Mv‡Q cvZv †`Lv hvq bv| evMvb KvKxgvi †Kv‡j D‡V Lye †Rv‡i nvZ
Ñ wi›Uz Avevi †K? g g Ki‡Q M‡Ü| wcwmi Mv‡q cvDWvi Kvg‡o w`‡qwQjvg| GZ †Rv‡i Kvg‡o mšÍvb Avb‡Z
Ñ H †h †i Avgvi †g‡qUv| gvwL‡q KvPv kvwo cwi‡q wcwm‡K wb‡q w`‡qwQjvg †h KvKxgv KwK‡q †Ku‡` Pvq bv|
Ñ I Ii bvg eywS wi›Uz| G‡mwQ evMv‡b| MvQUvi bx‡P emjvg D‡VwQj| †Kb Kvgove bv, Avwg †h
Ñ ûu Avwg †Zv I‡K wi›Uz e‡jB WvwK| `yÕR‡b| ejjvg, wcwm H MvbUv †Zvgvi †`‡LwQjvg KvKxgv wcwmi eøvD‡Ri g‡a¨ Avm‡j Iu‡`i
Ñ †Zvgvi Wv‡K Iiv mvov †`q? g‡b Av‡Q| Zzwg wbg©j Ki g½j K‡i/ w`‡q nvZ XzwK‡q w`‡qwQj| wcwmi ey‡Ki
Ñ †`q †Zv, Avwg WvK w`‡jB Rj †_‡K gwjb gg© gyQv‡q| wcwm d¨vj d¨vj g‡a¨ gyL Muy‡R †kvevi AwaKvi GKgvÎ
Acm„qgvY
D‡V Av‡m nvo wRiwR‡i K¼vjmvi| K‡i ZvwK‡q iBj| Avwg Lye Drmv‡n Avgvi Av‡Q| Avi †KD †Kb nvZ †`‡e †hŠeb AuvK‡o
†Zviv me Lvevi †L‡q wbm, I‡`i wK”Qz ejjvg, GB †`L Avwg MvBwQ MvI wcwmi Mv‡q|
w`m bv ZvB Avgvi †Q‡j‡g‡q `yÕ‡Uv Avgvi m‡½ wVK g‡b c‡o hv‡e| wcwm wcwm‡K m‡Ü¨‡ejv Kx my›`i †`Lvw”Qj| ai‡Z PvIqvi
ev‡o bv| Pzc K‡i iBj| Avgvi Lye Kvbœv †c‡q jvj †Pvwj jvj †ebviwm| GLbKvi gZ dj Avwg|
Ñ Av”Qv Gevi †_‡K Avwg bv †L‡q †Mj, ejjvg, G Mvb‡Zv Avwg †Zvgvi ZLb †KD Iobv jvMvZ bv wcV‡Rvov,
†Zvgvi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i LvIqve, n‡e Kv‡Q wk‡LwQ| wcwm DuPz n‡q e‡m Av‡Q| †QvU †fj, eo †Luvcv †mvbvjx Rv‡j G‡ÿ‡Î
†Zv? Avwg ejjvg fvj K‡i cv †g‡j em bv| AvU‡K _vKZ Nv‡oi Kv‡Q| `yÕfziæi gv-evevi
ÑLvIqvwe Aiæ LvIqvwe? Avwg KZw`b wcwm †mB GKfv‡e DuPz n‡q e‡m iBj| gvSLv‡b eo jvj wUc, Kcvj Ry‡o
bv †L‡q †Zv‡K LvB‡qwQ| ejjvg ab avb¨ cy®ú fiv GB MvbUv wZjK P›`‡b AvuKv Avíbv, `y‡ai m‡ii Pvwn`vi
Ñ Zzwg Avgv‡K KZw`b †QvU‡ejvq Pvb g‡b Av‡Q? wcwm Gevi ¸b¸b K‡i Ab¨ gZ Mv‡qi iO| Avwg ci`vi wcQ‡b AbycvZ
Kwi‡q w`‡qQ, GLb Avwg GKUy †Zvgv‡K GKUv Mvb MvB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| jywK‡q jywK‡q ïay †`LwQ Avi †`LwQ|
Pvb Kwi‡q w`B| µgk ax‡i ax‡i ¯úó K‡i †Rv‡i mevB †`L‡Z Avm‡Q wcwm‡K| jvj bxj wba©viY
Ñ bv bv bv bv, Pvb Ki‡Z Avgvi fq †Rv‡i `y‡j `y‡j MvB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| KvM‡R †gvov bvbv Dcnvi, †KD †KD Ki‡Z Avwg
jv‡M| Ôcvnvo Nygvq H/ AvKv‡k †njvb w`‡q Avgvi Mvj wU‡c w`‡q ejj, wK‡i †Zvi
Ñ wK‡mi fq? cvnvo Nygvq H/ wPZv evN wgZv/ Avgvi eD‡K †Zv Ab¨ †jv‡K wb‡q †Mj| mwZ¨ AcviM|
Ñ Wz‡e hve| †MvL‡iv †Ljvi mvw_/ mv‡ci Suvwc gv_vq †Zv wcwmi m‡½ we‡q nevi K_v wQj †Zv gv-evev Qvov
Ñ Avwg †Zvgv‡K a‡i _vKe †Zv, †Kvb wb‡q KvUvB mKvj ivwZ|/ cvnvo Nygvq AvgviB| Avgvi wcwm‡K wb‡q hv‡e wKbv
fq †bB| HÕ Avgvi `yÕ‡PvL †e‡q R‡ji aviv H KzPKz‡P Kv‡jv GKUv †jvK| hZ ivM mwVK AbycvZ
Ñ Wz‡e †M‡j AvwgI K¼vj, wn wn| bvgwQj| Kx Ac~e© Mjv GLbI wcwmi| wM‡q coj H †jvKUvi Dci| wba©viY Ki‡Z
Ñ Pvb Ki bv e‡j †Zv GiKg Mv KLb †h wcwm Mvb _vwg‡q w`‡q‡Q Dt Kx ZvMovB me †Pnviv †jvK¸‡jvi|
PzjKvq, Pzj‡K Pzj‡K Nv K‡i †d‡jQ †LqvjB Kwiwb| Avbgbv n‡q ZvwK‡q †hgwb wcwmi ei, †Zgwb wcwmi k¦ïi| cv‡i Avi
mviv Mv‡q| wQjvg MÜivR MvQUvi w`‡K nVvr †Muv wcwm Avgv‡K †W‡K †W‡K †Kv‡j emv‡Z GKRbB|
37
Pvq, Avwg hve †Kb, n‡Z cv‡i Avgvi eqm bq Av‡jvq †e‡iv‡jB †mB GK‡N‡q w`b| wcwm
gvÎ cuvP ZvB e‡j Kx Avgvi AvZ¥m¤§vb †bB| A¨vj‡Kvn‡j `yÕnv‡Zi KewR ch©šÍ ay‡q wbjvg †Zvgvi H a~mi eY©nxb AÜKvi RM‡Z Avgv‡K
GZB hw` †Zvgvi Avgvi Rb¨ `i` †Zv hv”Q fvj K‡i| b‡Li †KvYv AvOz‡ji duvK KP‡j GKUz Avkªq `vI| GZ iO Avgvi mn¨ nq bv|
†Kb Zzwg Aiæ‡K †Q‡o| KP‡j ayjvg| VvÊv wngkxZj GB NiUvq †hb †PvL auvwa‡q hv‡”Q Avgvi| AÜ n‡q hve Avwg
wc‡mi bvwK avbx Rwgi Gcvi Icvi †`Lv hvq RV‡ii AÜKvi| N‡i †XvKvi Av‡MB evB‡i wcwm|
bv| KwP meyR avb †L‡Z nvIqv †`vj w`‡j †XD †_‡K BD wf †i Pvwj‡q G‡Kev‡i cwiï× Ñ †Zvgv‡K KZevi gvbv K‡iwQ H wiw¼i m‡½
I‡V †hb mgyÏy‡ii Rj| evevi m‡½ AvwgB †Zv K‡i wb‡qwQjvg NiUv‡K| wM‡q emjvg wbw`©ó dw÷bwó Ki‡Z|
†MwQjvg wcwmi we‡qi cvKv K_v ej‡Z, ZLb †Pqv‡i| Gevi ïiæ Kie KvR| nu¨v GUvB Ñ Kx Kie, KuvnvZK gvbyl GKv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
wcwmi k¦ïi Ny‡i †`wL‡q‡Q bv! †LZ †Mvjv mwZ¨ Avwg| c„w_ex‡Z Avi me mËv Avgvi Ñ H †g‡qUv‡K Avgvi GK`g cQ›` nq bv|
cyKzi| †MvUv Muv‡qi m‡e©me©v †Zv IivB| evev gK, AwfbxZ| j¨ve‡iUwii me KvR Avwg Ñ †Zvgvi †Zv Avgvi †Kvb wKQzB cQ›` nq
e‡jwQj eySwj Aiæ †Zvi wcwmi myL Dc‡P Zx¶è wbcyYZvq m¤úbœ Kwi| nU Gqvi I‡f‡b bv|
co‡e fv‡Zi d¨v‡bi gZ| Avwg e‡jwQjvg eªvDb †ccvi gy‡o Avwg †¯‹j‡cj gv‡b wKbv ÑmvivRxeb Zzwg Avgvi m‡½ KvwU‡q GK_v
fv‡Zi d¨vb Dc‡P co‡j Av¸b wb‡e hvq †h QzwiUv cwiï× K‡i wbjvg| AvR avb Mv‡Qi ej‡Z cvi‡j!
evev, fvZB †Zv Avi dzU‡e bv Z‡e wcwm Lv‡e A½ cÖRbb NUve| wb‡R‡K Gmgq Avgvi Ñ cvijvg| KviY Zzwg Avgvi me wKQz‡ZB
wK? evev Avgvi Mvj wU‡c w`‡q e‡jwQ‡j, ZzB Ck¦i g‡b nq| AwgZ kw³ai GK cyiæl| evMov `vI|
GKw`b DwKj nwe, hv K_vi Ici K_v mvRvm, A‡Uv‡K¬‡f weKvi¸‡jv w`‡q c‡bi cvDÛ Pv‡c Ñ †hgb?
eveŸv| Zv‡`i RxevYygy³ K‡i wbjvg| †¯‹j‡cj w`‡q Ñ AZkZ Avgvi g‡b _v‡K bv|
Avgvi evev M‡Äi WvKN‡ii mvgvb¨ †Kivbx| Pvi wgwjwgUvi K‡i KvUjvg avb Mv‡Qi meyR Ñ g‡b _vK‡e Kx K‡i? wg‡_¨ K_v gvby‡li g‡b
eo`v Muv‡qi nvB B¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi| †gR`vi cvZv| cwiï× weKvi¸‡jvq G¨vMvi G¨vMvi _v‡K bv, mwZ¨ KLbI gvby‡li fzj nq bv|
M‡Äi evRv‡i †QvU GKUv wgwói †`vKvb| bv‡g GK ai‡bi †Rwj Avi g¨v‡µv wbDwUª‡q›U Ñ GB †Zv Avevi ïiæ Ki‡j|
wcwmI Muv‡qi B¯‹zj †_‡KB D”P gva¨wgK cvm Avi gvB‡µv wbDwUª‡q›U †gvÏv K_vq Lvevi Ñ Rvnvbœv‡g hvI| H wiw¼B †Zvgvq GKw`b
K‡iwQj| evev Avi wcwm‡K kn‡ii K‡j‡R w`‡q wZh©Kfv‡e Rwg‡q w`jvg| Gevi H Pvi †Wvev‡e|
†h‡Z †`qwb| Kg c_ †Zv bq| GK NÈv wgwjwgUvi K‡i KvUv cvZvi UzK‡iv mb©v w`‡q †ek GKUz NbNbB GLb AÁvb n‡q hvw”Q|
†jvKvj ev‡m| GKv GKv †g‡qgvbyl AZUv c_ ewm‡q w`jvg †Rwj‡Z Zvici Zz‡jv w`‡q Avgvi hZ Amy¯’Zv evo‡Q wiw¼I †hb Lye ax‡i
hv‡e wK| weKv‡ii gyL Gu‡U †i‡L w`jvg| ax‡i wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q wb‡”Q| Ii Gg.Gmwm
wcwm †gvUiMvwo K‡i k¦ïiNi †MwQj| †h †m wM‡q `uvovjvg mßvn `yB Av‡M †i‡L hvIqv dvBbvj cixÿv KÕw`b ev‡`B| Avwg e‡jwQjvg
e¨vcvi bq| G Muv‡q GLbI †gvUiMvwo K‡i weKv‡ii mvg‡b| PKPK K‡i DVj Avgvi Avgv‡`i wek¦we`¨vj‡qB GKUv wimv‡P©i e¨e¯’v
k¦ïi N‡i hvq nv‡Z‡Mvbv K‡qKRb| wcwm †PvL| aymi Zz‡jvi gZ K¨vjvm, Awbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z| GB AwQjvq GLv‡b †_‡K hvIqv hv‡e
†gvUiMvwo‡Z IVvi Av‡M Avwg D‡V e‡m e„w×m¤úbœ GK¸”Q †Kvl, bxPz n‡q †`Ljvg wK we‡qUvI †VwK‡q ivLv hv‡e| I †m K_vq
wQjvg †gvUiMvwo‡Z| wcwm Avgv‡K ey‡K Mv‡q `vbv `vbv| Gw¤^ªI‡RwjK K¨vjvm| ivwR n‡”Q bv| ej‡Q evwo P‡j hv‡e| ILv‡b
Rwo‡q a‡i Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z e‡jwQj, I hvK bv Avwg weKv‡ii gy‡Li Zz‡jv Ly‡j Aw·b I wM‡q ¯‹zj mvwf©m Kwgk‡bi cixÿvi R‡b¨ ˆZwi
Avgvi m‡½| gv Avgv‡K wnowno K‡i Uvb‡Z mvB‡UvKvBwbb ni‡gvb evovjvg| D‡ËRbvq n‡e| fvj K_v hvK| Avwg Rvwb evwo †M‡jB
Uvb‡Z bvwg‡q wb‡qwQj Mvwo †_‡K| gv Avgvi eyK KuvcwQj Avgvi| ax‡i ax‡i g~j ˆZwi n‡e, I‡K we‡q w`‡q †`‡e| w`K w`K, Avwg eÜb
wPiKv‡ji kÎæ| KvÊ ˆZwi n‡e| KÕw`b Av‡M KjvMvQ ˆZwi gy³ ne|
Mvwo P‡j †Mj KuvPv gvwUi c_ a‡i| ay‡jvq K‡iwQ Avgvi weKv‡i| wiw¼ Gj, ejj, Wv³vi †`wL‡qQ?
ay‡jvgq n‡q †Mj Pvwiw`K| GZ ay‡jv hv mvg‡b `iRv †V‡j XzKj wiw¼Ñ Ôe¨¯Í?Õ Ñ bv|
wKQz Avi †`Lv hvq bv| cy‡iv c_UvB †hb GK Ñ bv n‡q G‡m‡Q| m„wói Db¥v`bv ZLb Avgvi Ñ †Kb?
ay‡jvi b`x| ay‡jvi †XD‡qi g‡a¨ nvwi‡q †Mj, †fZ‡i| wiw¼i nvZ a‡i †U‡b wb‡q †Mjvg Ñ hve|
Wz‡e †Mj Avgvi wcwmi †gvUiMvwo| mvi mvi weKv‡ii Kv‡Q, wnmwnm K‡i ejjvg Ñ Avi K‡e hv‡e?
Aiæi wcwm e›`x GLb cvZvjcyixi N‡i/ mviv Gw¤^ªI‡RwjK K¨vjvm, †`‡LQ? GB †Kvl¸‡jvi Ñ Wv³vi †`wL‡q wKQz n‡e bv|
evMvb Aiæ GKv †Ku‡` †Ku‡` g‡i/ Kuv`‡Z Aiæi bvg Gw¤^ªI‡RwjK †Kvb ej‡Zv? GUv †`L‡Z Ñ gv‡b?
e‡qB †M‡Q Kuv`‡e bv Avi †evKv/ †Zvgvi Aiæ wW¤^vYyi gZ| `yÕR‡bi kixi hLbB GKB Ñ Avgv‡`i cvM‡ji esk|
kni hv‡e co‡Z GKv GKvÕ mvivw`b GKv GKv Zi‡½ Kuv‡c ZLb †mB Kuvc GKR‡bi kixi Ñ AmyL wb‡q dvRjv‡gv fvj jv‡M bv|
evMv‡b evMv‡b Nywi Avi GBme Av‡evjZv‡evj †_‡K Zi½vwqZ n‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i Av‡iK R‡bi Ñ gvmxgv ejwQj Avwg AÁvb n‡q †M‡j Zzwg
Qov KvwU| Avgvi wVKgZ mœvb nq bv LvIqv kix‡i| wiw¼i Mig wbtk¦vm cowQj Avgvi nvd bvwK †ekxÿY †mLv‡b `uvovI bv|
nq bv| †K fvZ †g‡L MÖvm K‡i LvB‡q †`‡e, kv‡U©i nvZvUv †hLv‡b †kl n‡q‡Q wVK †mB Ñ û, Avgvi A¯^w¯Í jv‡M| †Zvgvi myVvg kixiUv
†K Mí ej‡e ivRv-ivwb, ivÿm-†Lvÿm, ˆ`Z¨- Lv‡b| wiw¼i Mjvi ¯^‡i †bkv, Zzwg K‡iQ? †Kgb j¨vMe¨vM K‡i| gyL w`‡q M¨vRjv I‡V|
`vbe| †K we‡Kj n‡jB Mv‡q cvDWvi w`‡q Avwg wiw¼i †c‡Ui Ici nvZ eywj‡q ejjvg, Avwg ZvKv‡Z cvwi bv|
Rvgv cwi‡q Pzj AvPwo‡q AvOzj a‡i †eov‡Z Avgv‡K †b‡e? Avwg ¸wU‡q gywU‡q †QvÆ n‡q H ÑGici hw` Avevi Mv‡q Nv nq|
†e‡iv‡e iv¯Ív w`‡q| GKv GKv _vK‡Z _vK‡Z iKg K‡i e‡m _vKe †Zvgvi †c‡U| wiw¼ ejj Ñ Avt
†cqviv MvQZjv, MÜivR dzj MvQZjvq e‡m Avnv Avgv‡K `iKvi Kx, †Zvgvi †Zv hZ exiZ¡ Ñ bv, †Zvgv‡K wgwQwgwQ fq †`Lve bv| Mvb
e‡m nvIqvi m‡½ Mí KivUv Af¨vm n‡q †Mj j¨v‡e Avi weKv‡i| wb‡RB GKw`b wb‡R‡K ïb‡e? A‡bKw`b MvB bv|
Avgvi| Mí Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GKw`b Avwe®‹vi cwiï× K‡i Xz‡K †hI †U÷wUD‡e| Avwg Kv‡iv wiw¼ Avgvi nvZ `yÕ‡Uv †P‡c a‡i ejj, MvI
Kijvg nvIqviI GKUv RxešÍ mËv Av‡Q| weKvi n‡Z cvie bv| wiw¼i Nb n‡q Avmv, bv| AvRKvj ïay ev‡R ev‡R K_v ej|
†m ixwZgZ mgvb Zv‡j †Uwej Pvc‡o nvZ cv wiw¼i Mig wbtk¦vm me gyn~‡Z© kxZj n‡q †Mj| cieZ©x msL¨vq
†b‡o Mí K‡i Avgvi m‡½, cÖ‡kœ cÖ‡kœ RR©wiZ Gqvi KwÛkÛ j¨v‡ei wngkxZj evZvm Suvwc‡q
K‡i Avgvq| hvK evev GKv _vKvi †_‡K G coj Avgvi kix‡i| SuuvKzwb w`‡q Kuvc‡Z
A‡bK fvj| hw`I memgqB †h Zvi m‡½ jvMjvg Avwg| Nb Kv‡jv gvZ…RV‡ii AÜKv‡i Awbw›`Zv †Mv¯^vgx
Avgvi c‡U Zv bq, Zey| Xz‡K †h‡Z †h‡Z Avwg ejjvg AÜKvi †_‡K cwðge‡½i MíKvi

38
avivevwnK ¯§„wZK_v
GKePb eûePb
m g ‡i ›`ª †m b ¸ ß
Mvb `yÕwU c‡i kªxgZx Drcjv †m‡bi K‡É MxZ n‡q Af~Zc~e© L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| Drcjv †mb‡K ZLb cÖ‡Z¨KwU
Abyôv‡b ÔcÖvšÍ‡ii Mvb Avgvi/ †g‡Vv my‡ii Mvb AvgviÕ MvbwU MvB‡ZB nZ †kªvZv‡`i Aby‡iv‡a| GKwU †jLvq
G Z_¨ Rvwb‡q mwjj wj‡LIwQ‡jb ÔfvwM¨m mywPÎvw` kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wQ‡jb bv, Zvn‡j Zuv‡K w`‡q Ô†mB †g‡qÕ
MvbwU MvIqv‡bv Avgvi fv‡M¨ NUZ bv| GKUv K_v GLv‡b cvVK‡K Rvbv‡bv †evanq AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv †h,
¯^Zš¿ myimªóv wn‡m‡e GKgvÎ iex›`ªbv_B evsjv Mv‡b cÖvw_©Z †KŠwjb¨ I mgv`i †c‡q‡Qb| cieZ©xKv‡j I
iex›`ªbv‡_i RxweZ _vKvi mgq †ek wKQz fvj MvqK-MvwqKv Avgiv †c‡jI iex›`ªbv_ Qvov Avi Ab¨ †Kvb
myimªóv‡K Avgiv cvBwb| Mv‡b †Kvb wewawb‡la ev m½wZc~Y© hš¿mn‡hv‡M †h iex›`ªbv_-Gi Abo we‡ivwaZv
wQj †Zgb bq| RR© wek¦vm‡K wb‡q hLb G cwÎKvq Avwg Av‡M wj‡LwQ, †mLv‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i gZvg‡Zi
DׄwZI wQj hš¿vbyl½ cÖm‡½|
mwjj †h LvwbKUv Dcvqwenxb n‡q msmvi‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨B †ev‡¤^‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb GK_v A‡bK mgqB
Avgiv g‡b ivwL bv| Zuvi AeZ©gv‡b evsjvi msMxZRM‡Zi Ac~iYxq ÿwZ n‡jI me©fviZxq msMxZRMr
wKš‘ jvfevbB n‡qwQj| cÖavbZ Zuvi wnw›` wd‡j¥i msMxZ| †`v weNv Rwgb cÖ_g myi Kiv QwewUi ci Zv‡K
Avi wd‡i ZvKv‡Z nqwb| hw`I c‡i kvi` AeKv‡k †iKW© †Kv¤úvwb¸wji Rb¨ †mB cÖevmKv‡jI wKQz wKQz
Mvb †jLv I myi †`qv Zuvi eÜ nqwb| `yÕGKwU weij e¨wZµg Qvov †ewkifvM Mv‡bi myi I K_v _vKZ Zuvi
wb‡RiB| †ngšÍ, myexi †mb, mvMi †mb, k¨vgj wgÎ, wc›Uy fÆvPvh© I AviI A‡b‡K Mvb¸wj MvB‡Zb| ZLb
Avwg wb‡RI AvKvkevYxi †iwR÷vW© MxwZKvi|
39
 Wv. Áv‡b›`ªbv_ hLb ÔWvwU© wbMviÕ ejvi Kvi‡Y GK Nywl‡Z Pv evMv‡bi g¨v‡bRv‡ii `yÕwU `uvZ †f‡O w`‡q PvKwi
†Q‡o w`‡q Zuv‡`i wcZ…cyiæ‡li emwZ (Kmevq Avmvi Av‡M) evivmv‡Z P‡j G‡jb, ZLb Zuvi wcZv m‡½ K‡i
wcÖq mg¯Í †iKW© I KzKz‡ii Qwehy³ K‡ji MvbwU Avb‡Z †fv‡jbwb|
ig¨ MxwZgvjvq Avgvi †jLv Mvb mZxbv_ K‡i c‡i MxwZKvi‡`i evYx emv‡Z ejv mg‡qi K_v ejwQ, mwjj †PŠayixi eqm
gy‡Lvcva¨vq (Avgvi cÖ_g †jLv Mvb, †m nq, Zv‡Z wbK…ógv‡bi Mvb neviB K_v| ZLb 13/14 eQi| ZLbB wZwb †Mvc‡b
Mv‡bi myi K‡iwQ‡jb msMxZRM‡Zi Z‡e mwjj`v ZLb GK_v ej‡jI, wb‡RI Mvb wjL‡Qb, myi w`‡”Qb Ges evevi
w`Kcvj ¯^qs ÁvbcÖKvk †Nvl) QvovI c~e© wba©vwiZ †ekwKQz we‡`kx my‡ii †`kR Abycw¯’‡Z gv‡K, fvB‡evb‡`iI ïwb‡q
gvb‡e›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq, g„Yvj PµeZ©x, wgkª‡Y evYx ewm‡q Mvb ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb! cÖksmv cv‡”Qb| GKw`b evevI mwj‡ji
mwjj`vi ebkªx †mb¸ß (†iwWIi G gv‡mi Mvb), Mvb †jLvq Avwg †h cieZ©xKv‡j Drmvn Kiv myi ï‡b †dj‡jb| ï‡b ej‡jb,
evev wKš‘ ZiæY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq I AviI A‡b‡K nvwi‡q †djjvg Zvi KviY wØwea| cÖ_gZ ÔGev‡ii Mvb¸‡jvi myiI ZzB KiÕ| mwjj
wbqwgZ MvB‡Zb hvi iqvjwU †iwWI †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ MxwZKv‡ii Zzjbvq Avgv‡K wKQz wjL‡Qb, ÔAvwg `yÕ‡Uv Mvb GKUz c¼R
†P‡qwQ‡jb AvRI cvw”Q| mwjj`v Avgvi gy‡L Avgvi Kg iqvjwU †`qvi cÖ¯Íve, KLbI-ev GK gwjøK ÷vB‡j myi K‡i evev‡K †kvbvjygÕÑ
†Q‡j hLb †jLv Mvb I †iwWIi `yÕGKwU ig¨MxwZ j‡ßB cy‡iv UvKv †`evi cÖ¯Íve| wØZxqZ, evev cÖksmv Ki‡jb| GLv‡b ejv `iKvi,
Ab¨ Mvq‡Ki Mjvq Av‡MB ï‡bwQ‡jb| †`Ljvg †h KweZv I Mvb †jLvi K…r- †mB wK‡kvieq‡m c¼R gwjøKB Zv‡K
we.G cvk GKw`b Avgv‡`i ÔeyamܨvÕ K¬v‡ei Lv`¨- †KŠkj m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| wØZ¡hy³ kã m¤¢e me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb| †ek
K‡i‡Q cvbxq AvÇvq e¨w³MZ `ye©j gyn~‡Z© GKwU n‡j G‡Kev‡iB e¨envi bv Kiv, Ges Mvb wKQzw`b winv‡m©j Pjvi ci c~Rv KwgwU
m`¨ †jLv Mvb mwjj`v‡K ïwb‡q Zv‡Z m¤ú‡K©, Mv‡bi Zvj ivM m¤ú‡K©, GKUv I gvwjK c‡ÿi †hvMmvR‡m bvUK eÜ
ZLb mwjj`vi c‡ÿ myiv‡ivc Kiv m¤¢e wK- mg¨K c~e© aviYv _vKv GKvšÍB Avewk¨K n‡q †Mj| GKUv Abyôvb Aek¨ nj e‡U,
fvB‡evb bv, Rvb‡Z PvBjvg! Avgvi †mB MvbwU MxwZKv‡ii| wØZxqwU _vK‡jI †`Ljvg Z‡e mwjj`vi Awfgvbx wcZ…‡`e `~‡i
wQj ÔZzwg wQ‡j, Avgvi †Pv‡Li bx‡j/ GKB mg‡q KweZv wjL‡Z LyeB Amywe‡a m‡iB iB‡jb| mwjj wjL‡Qb: ÔAvgvi
wgwj‡q (†hb) bZzb wg‡j|/ Zzwg wQ‡j cøvebceb n‡”Q Avgvi| mv‡a wK Avi iex›`ªbv_‡K g‡b Av‡Q †m-eQi Avwg †÷‡R beØxc
AvUR‡bi ey‡Ki k¦v‡m wgwj‡q wQ‡j/ Zey wjL‡Z AwZgvbe ejv nq| hLb Avjv`v Mvb ev nvj`v‡ii wKQz ÔKwgKÕ Awfbq K‡iwQjvg
cvwi KB/ Zzwg Avgvi cÙmKvj/ wkwki b„Z¨bv‡U¨i Rb¨ Mvb wjL‡Qb, cÖvq GKB (fvev hvq!)| bv‡K wK¬c w`‡q GK wekvj
msmvi- †fRv Nv‡mi cv‡k dzj Kzov‡bv mB| AvR m‡½ (bx‡Pi gyw`ªZ ZvwiL jÿ¨ K‡i †Muvd Gu‡U ˆLwb‡Ucvi Zv‡j Zv‡j GKevi
Gi `vwqZ¡ A‡bK dzjB ci/ Avcb GB kixiUzKz ejwQ!) cÖeÜ, GgbwK MíI wjL‡Qb| Wvbw`‡K GKevi euvw`‡K Kivi mgq
eq‡m gš’i/ GLb Avwg m~h© fz‡j †MwQ/ gb‡K Gfv‡e wbqwš¿Z Kivi cÖvq AÆnvwm‡Z PZzw`©K f‡i wM‡qwQj, AvRI
Zuvi wØZxq †fv‡ii cvwLi KvQvKvwQ hvBwb KZw`b/ Awek¦vm¨ `ÿZv wK Zuvi Av‡M-c‡i Avi g‡b c‡o| Avgvi gv †mK_v gviv hvIqvi
cyÎ mwjj GLb Avgvi evo‡Q ïay FY|/ ZeyI hLb Kv‡iv g‡a¨B †`‡LwQ? ïay G‡`‡kB bq, Av‡M ch©šÍ cÖvqB ej‡Zb, ej‡Zb
K¬všÍ Wvbvq GKv/ †`wL AvKvk mܨvZvivq MÖš’cvVm~‡Î we‡`‡kI? ÔZzB B”Qv Ki‡j Lye eo K‡gwWqvb
wKQzUv enb AuvKv/ †Zvgvq g‡b c‡o Zzwg wbtk¦vm n‡q mwjj †PŠayix Zuvi msMxZcÖwZfv n‡Z cviwZmÕ| cÖm½Z ewj Avgvi gv
KiæK| euv‡Pv/ Zzwg AvQ, Avgvi Avmv-hvIqvi †c‡qwQ‡jb evevi KvQ †_‡K| evev AmvaviY nvm‡Z (nvmv‡ZI) cvi‡Zb|
c‡_ wPiw`‡bi AvKvk n‡q AvQÕ|Ñ mwj‡ji Rb¨ †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jb GKMv`v Zuvi wQj Zx¶è im‡evaÑ m~² †KŠZzKI
Gevi Avgvi G Mv‡b cÖPwjZ ixwZ‡Z wewae× Bs‡iwR Mvb I evRbvi †iKW©| evev Wv. wZwb Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡ZbÕ| mwjj`v
mwjj`vi Av‡fvM, AšÍiv, mÂvix e¨vcvi¸wj wQj Áv‡b›`ªbv_ hLb ÔWvwU© wbMviÕ ejvi Kvi‡Y AviI wjL‡Qb, ÔGKUv NUbv g‡b co‡Q|
†jLv †_‡K bv| mwjj`vi ï‡b fvj †j‡MwQj| Møv‡mi GK Nywl‡Z Pv evMv‡bi g¨v‡bRv‡ii `yÕwU Avgv‡`i Kmevi evwoi evwoIqvjvi GK
cvbxqUzKz †kl Pzgy‡K wbt‡kl K‡i ej‡jbÑ `uvZ †f‡O w`‡q PvKwi †Q‡o w`‡q Zuv‡`i †Q‡ji bvg wQj Ô†Mv‡`Õ, Zvi eo fvB‡qi
Avevi Avwg Av‡M Ki‡jI, GLb Avi (`yÕGKwU wcZ…cyiæ‡li emwZ (Kmevq Avmvi Av‡M) bvgUv KviI g‡b AvmwQj bv| Avwg
DׄwZ Mv‡bi †ÿ‡Î KwcivBU I iqvjwUi mgm¨v evivmv‡Z P‡j G‡jb, ZLb Zuvi wcZv ejjvg †evanq Ôwel‡duvovÕ n‡e| gv †n‡m
n‡qwQj!) A‡b¨i †jLv Mv‡b myi Kwi bv| m‡½ K‡i wcÖq mg¯Í †iKW© I KzKz‡ii jy‡UvcywU, N‡i Ab¨ hviv wQj Zviv gyL
†`e| Zv‡Z my`~i †ev‡¤^‡Z e‡m G-me Sv‡gjv Kiv Qwehy³ K‡ji MvbwU Avb‡Z †fv‡jbwb| PvIqv-PvIwq Ki‡Z jvMj| gv-B ej‡jb
AvZ¥Møvwb m¤¢e bq| Z‡e †Zvgvi GB MvbUv Avgvi c‡i Aek¨ Am‡gi Ab¨ Pv evMv‡b Avevi †Zviv Rvwbm bv Ô†Mv‡`i Dci wel‡duvovÕ|
Lye fvj jvMj| `yÕGKUv kã GKUz Gw`K- wd‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| ZLb mevB nvmj| gv‡qi K_v c‡i
Av‡Q, Av‡Q Iw`K K‡i w`‡j `viæY †cÖ‡gi Mvb n‡q wcZv Áv‡b›`ªbv_ †PŠayix wb‡RI Mvb eje| AvR‡K hLb fvwe AvR †_‡K cÖvq
AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi DV‡e| nu¨v Avwg myi Kie Ges †ngšÍ‡K wj‡L Zv‡Z myi w`‡q bvU‡Ki mgq Pv cÂvk eQi Av‡M evevi †mB (bvix-cyiæl
w`‡qB MvIqv‡ev (†ngšÍi m‡½ Avgvi evMv‡bi Kzwj-Kvwgb‡`i w`‡q MvIqv‡Zb| GK‡Î) Kzwj‡`i wb‡q bvUK Kiv‡bvi
¯^xK…wZ Nwbó m¤ú‡K©i K_v mwjj`v Rvb‡Zb| GKevi Áv‡b›`ªbv_ wVK Ki‡jb `yM©vc~Rvi `ytmvnwmKZvi K_v, g‡b nq cieZ©x hy‡M
bv cvevi nq‡Zv †mB m~‡ÎB †ng‡šÍi bvgwU Zuvi mgq evOvwj I Amgxqv mevB‡K wb‡q MYbvU¨ Av‡›`vj‡b Avgvi evwZj nevi
cÖ_‡gB g‡b G‡mwQj!)| Avgvi `yf©vM¨ bvUK Kiv‡eb| evMv‡bi Kzwj-gRyi Ges msMxZKvi nevi exR evevB wb‡Ri
nvnvKvi! Zvic‡iB Mjvi `~iv‡ivM¨ GjvwR©‡Z †ngšÍ †Kivbx eveyiv GgbwK Pv-cvZv †Zvjv ARv‡šÍ ecb K‡iwQ‡jb Avgvi g‡a¨Õ|
evev cÖm‡½ AvµvšÍ n‡jb| Mjv A‡bKUvB Lvivc n‡q †g‡qivI Zv‡Z Awfbq Ki‡eb| mwj‡ji mwjj`vi evev wKš‘ †P‡qwQ‡jb †Q‡j hLb
†Mj| †iKW©I Avi nj bv! eqm ZLb 12/13 eQi| ZLbKvi w`‡b we.G cvk K‡i‡Q ZLb fvB‡evb wgwj‡q
ej‡Z wM‡q GLv‡bB Av‡iKwU K_v Rvbv‡bv e¨vcviUv wQj ˆecøweKÑ †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i AvUR‡bi msmvi-Gi `vwqZ¡ Zuvi wØZxq
wjL‡Qb, nq‡Zv AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv| mwjj`v †mw`b GKm‡½ Awfbq Kiv| fvlvi Amyweav‡Zv cyÎ mwjj wKQzUv enb KiæK| Gevi
e‡jwQ‡jbÑ mg‡i›`ª, evsjvMv‡b GLb fvj i‡qB‡Q, mwjjwcZvi hyw³ wQj f`ªN‡ii mwjj`vi †jLv †_‡K Avevi DׄwZ †`e|
Ôevev cÖvqB MxwZKv‡ii wb`viæY Afve| myiKv‡iiI| †g‡qiv c`©vbkxb n‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ Pv Zv‡Z AvZ¥Møvwb Av‡Q, Av‡Q AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi
ej‡ZbÑ GLvbKvi †hvM¨ Kweiv †KDB Mvb wjL‡Z evMv‡bi Kvwgb †g‡qiv‡Zv c`©vbkxb ¯^xK…wZ bv cvevi nvnvKvi! evev cÖm‡½
Pvb bv| `yÕGKRb Qvov fvj MxwZKviI bb! ZvQvov †h cvjvwU Kiv n‡e e‡j ej‡Z wM‡q wjL‡Qb, Ôevev cÖvqB ej‡ZbÑ
K‡e †Zviv †bB| ZvQvov †h ai‡bi AvmywiK my‡i wVK n‡qwQj †mB Ô†eûjvÕ †Zv me A‡_©B K‡e †Zviv gvbyl nweÑ GB `vm‡Z¡i Acgvb
gvbyl nweÑ GLb Mvb MvIqv nq, ev ejv fvj Av‡M myi ag©‡Kw›`ªK, myZivs AvcwË †Kv_vq? †h †_‡K Avgv‡K euvPvwe| †mB Avwg †Kv_vq

40
cvk-Uvk K‡i PvKwi K‡i evevi fvi m„wói Kv‡Q bZRvby bv n‡Z cvi‡j, †PŠayixi HKvwšÍK B”Qv wQj Bs‡iwR wKš‘ †h
jvNe KieÑ Zv bv K‡i evevi Kv‡b †Mj wkímvabvq wmw×jvf A‡bKUvB Aaiv †bv‡Ukb ev aŸwbwjwc Avgv‡`i wefv‡eB
Avwg (wbwl×) KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z Xz‡KwQ| †_‡K hvq| B‡Zvc~‡e© fviZ wewPÎvi wbf©yjfv‡e cÖKvwkZ †nvK| †mUv LyeB c×wZ‡Z
`v`vi Wv³vi bv nIqvi ci Avgvi GB wØZxq c‡e© ms¯‹…wZ RM‡Zi †hme A_©e¨qmv‡cÿ e¨vcvi| LiP meUvB Dwb evsjvi
wePy¨wZ evev‡K cvMj K‡i Zz‡jwQj| AvR gvb¨ gvby‡li K_v AwZ-Nwbó mvwbœ‡a¨i †`‡eb| cÖv_wgK Qvcvi c‡i wefv‡ei
Ki‡Rv‡o ¯^xKvi Kie evevi †mw`‡bi Kvi‡Y wj‡LwQ, ZvivI †`‡LwQ A‡b‡KB cÿ †_‡K eB n‡q †ei †nvK, GUvB wQj ¯^iwjwc
gvbwmK hš¿Yv †evSvi eyw× Avgvi wQj mvsmvwiK `vq-`vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© A‡bKUvB mwjj †PŠayix cwiev‡ii B”Qv| wPýmn
bv| Avgv‡`i `yÕfvB‡qi ci QÕQUv †QvU D`vmxb wQ‡jb| cy‡ivcywi D`vmxb bv wKš‘ gykwKj nj evsjvq GKvwaK
†QvU fvB‡evb I iæMœv gv‡qi `vwqZ¡ Ges n‡jI B”Qvm‡Ë¡I wkím„wóKg© Qvov _vK‡jI KjKvZvq we‡`kx †bv‡Uk‡bi gyw`ªZ nq,
evevi AšÍZ wKQzUv fvi jvN‡ei `vwqZ¡‡K Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Zv‡`i A‡hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡Y, wbf©yj Qvcvi gZ †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ †cÖm wcÖwjDW,
wK K‡i A¯^xKvi K‡i GKUv †e-AvBbx †kl Aewa wb‡Ri msmv‡ii Rb¨ wKQzB †bB| Avgvi eocyÎ wefve m¤úv`K ivûj
cvwU©‡Z Avwg †hvM w`jvgÑ GB K_v K‡i DV‡Z cv‡ibwb| ïay Avgv‡`i †mb evsjv Mvb I evsjv Mv‡bi ¯^iwjwc B›UviwjDW-
wj‡L evev Avgv‡K GKUv wPwV wjL‡jb AwZ wbK‡Ui gvby‡livB bq, c„w_exi fvj eyS‡jI, Bs‡iwR †bv‡Uk‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gi †ÿ‡Î
cÎcvV cvwU©i mg¯Í mskªe Z¨vM K‡i Zver wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i m„Rbkxj gvbyl‡`i †m AbewnZ| †m ZvB ejj KjKvZvq
cov‡kvbvq gb w`‡Z Ges gvbyl n‡Z| BwZnvm NvU‡j Zvi fzwi fzwi D`vniY †Zv bqB, GgbwK mwjj`vi Mvb¸wj ï‡b mwjj`vi
evevi hš¿Yv Ges nZvkv‡K bv ey‡S Avwg wgj‡e| Zvi †bv‡Ukb K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡e Ggb Mv‡bi Rb¨
D‡ëv †i‡M †Mjvg Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvq Dwb ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB nq iex‡›`ªvËi cvi½g msMxZwe‡klÁ mgMÖ fviZe‡l©B cÖ‡qvRb
n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Qb e‡j| wjLjvg Avgv‡K evsjv Mv‡b mwjj †PŠayix wbwðZ GKwU GLb †gjv `y®‹i| wgj‡jI nq‡Zv wZwb
Avi UvKv cvVv‡eb bv, Avwg wb‡Ri gvBjdjK| GKBm‡½ GUvI ¯^xKvi AvKvkPz¤^x A_© `vwe Ki‡eb| mweZv †h Bs‡iwR
fvi wb‡R wb‡Z cvie| evev‡K †h KZ Kiv fvj Zuvi Rxebhvcb cÖYvjxi g‡a¨ ej‡jb GKRb †MvqvwbR Av‡Q (Zvi †bv‡Ukb
eo AvNvZ w`‡qwQjvg Zv AvR Kíbv GKwU jvf-ÿwZ D`vmxb gvbyl wPiKvj bvg m¤¢eZ †jv‡ev!), whwb mwjj`vi
Ki‡ZI †Pv‡L Rj Av‡m (mwjj`v‡K, evm KiZ| cÖ_gv ¯¿x RxweZ _vK‡ZB G¨v‡iÄvi wQ‡jb, Zvi eqm GZUvB c×wZ, hv‡Z
jÿ¨ K‡iwQ hLbB evevi K_v Avgv‡`i mwjj MvwqKv mweZv †PŠayix‡K weevn †h †eu‡P _vK‡jI Zv‡K cÖvq A_e© ejv cÖPzi we‡`kx
K‡_vcK_‡b DVZ, ZLbB †PvL wPKwPK K‡ib| cÖ_gv ¯¿xi fvB‡qi m‡½ Avgvi P‡j| ZvQvov wZwb GLb Zvi gvZ…f~wg
KiZ)| †h gvbyl †¯^”Qvq Kzwo eQi a‡i Mfxi mL¨ wQj| †mB mgq hLb Zuvi m‡½ †Mvqvq _v‡Kb| ivûj ejj wZwb ev Ab¨ h‡š¿i
wb‡Ri i³ Rj Kiv cqmvq we.G cvk mwj‡ji evwo‡Z †MwQ ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ †KD hw` mylg n¯Ívÿ‡i Mv‡bi evYxi e¨envi _
Kiv‡jb †Q‡j‡K, †m †Q‡j wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ GKwU AšÍj©xb †cÖgvbyiw³ me©`vB jÿ¨ cv‡k †bv‡Ukb¸wj Gu‡K †`b, Ges Zvi
wb‡R wbj, Avi wKQz Zvi `vwqZ¡ †bB! K‡iwQ| †h-mwjj †ev‡¤^ wM‡q GK mgq d‡UvKwc hw` wefve‡K cvVv‡bv m¤¢e vKZ, mweZv
ÔGmeB Avgvi A`…ó|ÕÑ GB nvnvKvi Zz½L¨vwZi AwaKvix n‡qwQ‡jb, ev ZviI nq, GKgvÎ ZLbB wefve Zv Qvcvi K_v †PŠayixi
ZLb †_‡KB Avgvi Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Kij| Av‡Mi †h ÔMuv‡qi eayÕ ev ÔAevK c„w_exÕ fve‡e!
AvR fvwe, KwgDwb÷ cvwU© K‡i wK Ggb ev ÔivbviÕ-Gi ci mwjj †PŠayix Am¤¢e Zvici bvbvb RvqMvq, we‡klZ HKvwšÍK
Zxi gvijvg? gv-evevi g‡b eo GKUv A_©K‡ói ci wKQzUv myw`‡bi gyL †`L‡Z mwjj`vi ¯§„wZ‡Z AbywôZ evrmwiK B”Qv wQj
AvNvZ w`‡q, Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv‡K a~wjmvr ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi wmsnfvM mnhvÎx I mfv¸wj‡Z †`Lv n‡jI, mweZv Avi †Kvb
K‡i, Rxe‡bi †hŠe‡bi K‡qKwU eQi‡K mw½bxi K…wZZ¡ wKš‘ g~jZ cÖ_gv ¯¿xiB| D”PevP¨ K‡ibwb| GLv‡bB GKwU K_v Bs‡iwR
QvB K‡i w`‡q, Kvi wK jvf nj? hv wØZxqv ¯¿x mweZv †PŠayixi m‡½ mweb‡q Rvwb‡q ivwL, mwjj`vi f³iv †bv‡Ukb ev
nvivjvg Zv †Zv wPiKv‡ji Rb¨B †Mj|Õ GKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y Avgvi Mfxi GLbI cÖwZeQiB Zuvi Rb¥w`‡b bvbvb
DׄwZ †ek GKUz `xN©B n‡q †Mj| †hvMv‡hvM n‡qwQj, Avgv‡`i Õc‡i Drme K‡ib| wKš‘ miKvwifv‡e †Kvb aŸwbwjwc
hw` g‡b ivwL GB AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK Rxeb GZUvB wbf©iZv R‡b¥wQj †h Avgv‡`i ¯’vqx ¯^xK…wZi e¨e¯’v GLbI nqwb, hw`I Avgv‡`i
D¾xeb iPbvwU grm¤úvw`Z wefve KvMR wefv‡e mwjj`vi GKUv AMÖwš’Z e¨w³MZ cwiPq I †ek wKQzKvj GKm‡½
cwÎKvq 1995 mv‡j, †jLvi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix bvUK Qvcevi Rb¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb| mweZv KvR Kivi m~‡Î Avwg Rvwb cwðge‡½i wefv‡eB
kªxgZx ¯^cœv †`-i †mŠR‡b¨ cÖKvwkZ †PŠayix I Zm¨ Kb¨v AšÍiv †PŠayixI eZ©gvb gyL¨gš¿x kªx eyׇ`e fÆvPvh© wbf©yjfv‡e
n‡qwQj, Z‡e GK_vI Ajÿ¨ _v‡K bv AviI GKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y Avgvi evwo‡Z mwjj †PŠayixi Mvb LyeB cQ›` K‡ib|
†h †ev‡¤^ †_‡K wd‡i Avmv, Ges c~‡e©i GKvwaKevi G‡mwQ‡jb| mwjj †PŠayixi mwjj †PŠayixi Rb¥w`b Dcj‡ÿ GKvwaK cÖKvwkZ
mvsMxwZK †MŠie LvwbKUv AewmZ nevi Amvgvb¨ myi ms‡hvR‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb AbyôvbI GLb KjKvZvq nq| cÖej †nvK|
ciI cyÎ wn‡m‡e cvwievwiK KZ©e¨ bv AvKl©Y _vKZ wcÖwjDW, BbviwjDW ev mwjjf³ weL¨vZ Aw¯’we‡klÁ Wv. mgxi
Ki‡Z cvivi `ytL Avg„Zz¨ mwjj †PŠayixi wi‡d«b-Gi Abe`¨ e¨envi| mwj‡ji ¸ß, Aa¨vcK cÖYe `vk¸ßi Av‡qvwRZ
m½x n‡q wQj| hw`I cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi Mv‡bi m‡½ †m¸wjI wQj Abyaveb‡hvM¨ Abyôvb¸wji Rb¨ mwjjf³iv cÖwZeQi
GK fvB myfvl †PŠayix †iwWIi D”Pc‡` welq| m½Z Kvi‡YB mweZv †PŠayix I A‡cÿv K‡i _v‡Kb|
Avmxb n‡qwQ‡jb| ZeyI cvwievwiK Kb¨v AšÍivi g‡b n‡qwQj nvwi‡q hvIqvi MZeQi †gŠjvjx hye‡K‡›`ª `yÕw`b
`y‡h©vM KvwU‡q IVvi c‡ÿ Zv h‡_ó wQj Av‡M I¸wji †bv‡Ukb K‡i ivLv `iKvi| e¨vcx †h eo Abyôvb n‡qwQj, Zvi D‡Øvabx
bv| wKš‘ †h c×wZ‡Z evsjvi ¯^iwjwc wPýmn MvbwU AvgviB iPbv| MvbwU iex›`ªfviZxi
cÖ‡Z¨K wkíx‡K †evanq B”Qvq- gyw`ªZ nq, wcÖwjDW, B›UviwjDW-Gi QvÎ-QvÎxiv m‡¤§jK-Mvb wn‡m‡e m~Pbvq
Awb”Qvq LvwbKUv AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK n‡ZB †ÿ‡Î mwjj`vi Mv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †M‡qwQj| PgrKvi myi w`‡qwQ‡jb
nq| m¤ú~Y© GKvMÖ bv n‡j, c„w_exi †h Bs‡iwR †bv‡Ukb c×wZ, hv‡Z cÖPzi cÖYe `vk¸ß| mfvcwZZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb
hveZxq †Kvjvnj‡K evB‡i †i‡L Afxó we‡`kx h‡š¿i e¨envi _vKZ, mweZv iex›`ªfviZxi DcvPvh© kªxKiæYvwmÜz `vm|

†h-mwjj †ev‡¤^ wM‡q GK mgq Zz½L¨vwZi AwaKvix n‡qwQ‡jb, ev ZviI Av‡Mi †h ÔMuv‡qi eayÕ ev ÔAevK
c„w_exÕ ev ÔivbviÕ-Gi ci mwjj †PŠayix Am¤¢e A_©K‡ói ci wKQzUv myw`‡bi gyL †`L‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi
wmsnfvM mnhvÎx I mw½bxi K…wZZ¡ wKš‘ g~jZ cÖ_gv ¯¿xiB|
41
wZwb iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡q GKwU mwjj- KweZv co‡Z co‡Z Avgvi GKUv aviYvI wQj c`všÍ wgj Qvov cÖengvb cqviB Zuvi Kve¨
msMxZ M‡elYv †K›`ªI ïiæ Ki‡eb e‡j Zvi †h, Avgvi †jLv Avi hvB †nvKÑ KweZv bq| iPbvi evnb wQj| †`kwPšÍvhy³ cweÎ mij
fvl‡Y Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Avgvi †jLv †h Mvb †Kb-bv G¸wji cÖKvkfw½ cÖZ¨ÿ Ges ¯úó, KweZv¸wj‡ZI Kwe I cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kvb
w`‡q AbyôvbwU ïiæ n‡qwQj Zvi cÖ_g KÕwU A_©vr co‡j ev ïb‡j †evSv hvq| GB ¸Y KwgDwb‡Kkb M¨vc _vKZ bv| A_P Avgiv
cO&w³ wQj GBiKg: ÔGL‡bv †Zvgvi Mvb/ my‡i Kve¨¸Y wK-bv †m m¤ú‡K© Avgvi wØav Av‡Q|Õ †Zv Rvwb e¨vÄbv (ÔA‡bK K_v hvI †h e‡j
my‡i Adzivb/ cÖv‡Yi †cqvjv †`q fwi/ mwjj GB Dw³‡Z †h Z_vKw_Z AvaywbKZvi weiæ‡× †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡jÕ!) ev Q‡›`i wewfbœ
†PŠayix| g~j Av‡qvRKiv (Rxebwkíx ms¯‹… wKwÂr cÖ”Qbœ we`ªƒc i‡q‡Q, gb¯‹ cvV‡Ki †`vjvq cvV‡Ki gb‡K ¸ÄwiZ K‡i †Zvjv,
wZ †K›`ª) Avgv‡K Av‡MB GKwU AwfÁvbcÎ Kv‡Q Zv Ajÿ¨ _v‡K bv| Z‡e GKUz c‡iB hv‡Z cvV‡Ki cÖ_g cvVB Zv‡`i AwšÍg cvV
w`‡qwQ‡jb `yÕeQi Av‡M 2008 mv‡j| Zuvi cÖ_g e³‡e¨i DËifvl‡Y hLb mwjj bv nq, †h-†Kvb †hvM¨ KweiB GB wPi¯^xK…Z
Gev‡iI A_©vr 2010 mv‡jI mwjj`vi Dc‡i e‡jb, Ô1948 mv‡j cwiPq-G Avgvi `xN© ¸YwU _vKv `iKvi| mwj‡ji †`k-Kvj, g~jZ
Mvb iPbvi Rb¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb GK ¯§viK| KweZv Ôkc_Õ hLb cÖKvwkZ nq ZLb we‡kl gvK©mev`wbf©i KweZv¸wj‡Z `ytLx cÖewÂZ
AwfÁvbcÎ Ges ¯§viKdj‡K mwjj`vi †h †KD †m KweZvi ¯^xK…wZ †`bwb| AvR GZeQi gvby‡li K_v _vK‡jI, Zuvi KweZvq wKš‘
`yÕwU Qwe Qvcv n‡qwQj Zv c~‡e© AcÖKvwkZ| c‡i †`LwQ †mB KweZv wewfbœ mfvq cvV n‡”Q eû‡ÿ‡ÎB AvcvZ-cÖZx‡Ki e¨envi Av‡Q,
myiKvi, MxwZKvi wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jv‡fi Ges †jv‡K fvjI ej‡Q| MZ eQi‡`‡oK a‡i i‡q‡Q gnr e¨ÄbvI| †hgb ÔGK¸”Q PvweÕ
Av‡M mwjj †PŠayix Mí-KweZv wjL‡Zb, we‡kl AvwgI cwðgevsjvi wewfbœ msMxZmfvq wKQz KweZvq Pvwei cÖZx‡K mwjj hLb †j‡Lb
K‡i KweZv| ZvB Ômwjj †PŠayixi Kve¨gvbmÕ wKQz KweZv I Qov cvV K‡i †kªvZv‡`i †mvrmvn Ô†hLv‡bB hvB mvg‡b †`wL cÖKvÊ GK `iRv/
wb‡q Zuvi KweZv I Kve¨ †PZbv wb‡q ms‡hvwRZ cÖwZwµqv jÿ¨ K‡i wKQzUv mvnm cvw”QÕ| Avi Zv‡Z Szj‡Q cÖKvÊ GK Zvjv;/ c‡KU
nj wKQz cÖvmw½K K_v| GLv‡bB Ôkc_Õ KweZv GKUz †`‡L †_‡K Pvwei ¸”Q †ei Kwi/ G-Pvwe †m-Pvwe
ÔKweÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© eûwea| †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| g~jZ †`k, †`‡ki gvbyl, NyivB †divB jv‡M bv †Lv‡j bvÑ / kªvšÍ n‡q
Z‡e cÖ_g I cÖavb A_© KweZv-iPwqZv| kvmK‡kªYxi AZ¨vPvi, KvKØxc †Z‡j½vbvÑ N‡i wdwi/ gv †`‡Lb Avi nv‡mb/ e‡jb, I‡i
ZvQvov †h-me A_© i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ G m‡ei ¯’vb I NUbvi †jŠwKK I AwZ¯úó †Zvi evevi nv‡ZI IB Pvwe w`‡q `iRv¸wj
ÔcwÊZÕ, ÔZË¡ÁÕ, ÔGKRvZxq evsjv Mvb I D”PviY m‡Ë¡I Ôkc_Õ KweZvwU ïiæ n‡qwQj †Lv‡jwb!ÕÑ Gi K‡qK jvBb c‡iB Kwe Rvwb‡q
Zvnvi iPwqZv ev MvqKÕÑ G¸wjI jÿ¨ Kiv Gfv‡eÑ ÔcvlvYx Anj¨v I‡Mv hZ ivRc_/ Kvb †`b ÔIB me Pvwe¸‡jv nj m‡Z¨i mZZvi
hvq| G‡Z †evSv hvq ÔKweÕ k‡ãi A_© KZ †c‡Z wK Avgvi AvMgbx †kvb?/ AvwgI †Zv hyw³i wbôvi| AvRKvj IBme Pvwe w`‡q †Kvb
m¤cÖmviYkxj| mvwn‡Z¨i †ÿ‡Î KweZv M‡`¨i Kvb cvwZ/ AvNvZ-we`xY© wm³ kZ ÿZ gy‡L/ `iRv †Lv‡j bv|
AMÖR GK_v cÖwZwôZ mZ¨ wn‡m‡e Avgiv Rvwb| †Kv_vI mgy`ª M‡R© Zi‡½ DËvjÕ| cieZ©x msL¨vq
cwÊZ, ZË¡Á bv n‡qI, GgbwK AÿiÁvbnxb G K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB nq †h Amvgvb¨
n‡qI (mwjj`v AÿiÁvbnxb MÖvg¨-MvqK, Mvb iPbvq, myi cÖ‡qv‡M, mwjj hZ cixÿv- mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß
evDj, †jvKmsMxZ †_‡K A‡bK myi avi K‡i wbixÿv K‡i‡Qb, KweZvq G‡Kev‡iB, (nq‡Zv cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖavb m¤úv`K wefve
wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges †mBme †jvKmsMx‡Zi m‡½ B”QvK…Zfv‡eB) Zv K‡ibwb| AšÍ wgj ev
we‡`kx myi GK Amvgvb¨ `ªe‡Y wgwk‡qwQ‡jb)
Kweqvjiv gy‡L gy‡L cvjv ev Mvb iPbv K‡i
Avgv‡`i AZx‡Z AvcøyZ Ki‡Zb| Mv‡bi iv‡R¨
†m-me my‡iiB cÖvavb¨ wQj †ewk|
evsjv Mv‡b iex›`ªbv_ Ges cieZ©x Qq
`k‡K hviv Mvb iPbv K‡i‡Qb ev myi w`‡q‡Qb,
Zviv cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wb‡Riv Mvb MvB‡Z
cvi‡Zb| mwjj †PŠayix G‡`iB DËim~wi Ges
GKB m‡½ Ab¨c~e©, GKBm‡½ Af‚Zc~e©I|
†gŠwjK KweZv iPbv I myi ms‡hvRbvq wZwb
wØZxqiwnZ| Zuvi iwPZ Mv‡bi evYxi AšÍiv‡j
†h AviI eû Aby³ e¨Äbv _vKZ, Zv Avgv‡`i
MÖnYÿgZv‡K eû¸Y evwo‡q w`‡qwQj| G
Av‡jvPbvq mwjj †PŠayixi KweZvgvbm ev Zvi
Kve¨ fvebv mswÿß cwim‡i Av‡jvPbv Kie|
†h-†Kvb fvj Mv‡bi evYxB cÖ_‡g fvj
KweZv| iex›`ªbv‡_i MxZvÄwji AwaKvsk
MvbB cÖ_‡g fvj KweZv (Aek¨ KweZv †_‡K
Mvb Kivi mg‡q iex›`ªbv_ KweZvi wKQz wKQz
Ask myi-Zv‡ji cÖ‡qvR‡b eR©b I i`e`j
K‡iwQ‡jb)| G‡Z mn‡RB †evSv hvq †h,
Mv‡bi evYx I KweZv ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK
n‡jI, my‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b KLbI KLbI evYxe`j
I wgje`j Ki‡ZB nq|
hv‡K e‡j wbqg K‡i KweZv Zv KL‡bvB
†j‡Lbwb mwjj`v| wb‡Ri Kve¨msKj‡bi
f‚wgKvq wj‡L‡Qb: Ô`xN© wZwik eQi
cÖevmRxe‡b bv-wQj †Kvb evsjv cÎ-cwÎKvi
ZvwM`, bv-wQj ¯^ZtcÖe„Ë n‡q Qvcevi †Kvb
D‡`¨vM| ZvQvov AwaKvsk AvaywbK evsjv

42
Uªq‡Uª‡b `vwR©wjs
wcqvwj P‡Ævcva¨vq

m¤cÖwZ we‡k¦i †miv cuvPwU †ijåg‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q wbD Iw`K †_‡K Gw`K| †h‡Z †h‡Z †Pv‡L co‡Z cv‡i D‡ëvw`K †_‡K
RjcvB¸wo-`vwR©wjs Uq‡Uªb hvÎv| wbD RjcvB¸wo †_‡K Uq‡Uª‡b wdiwZ Uq‡Uªb| cvnv‡oi Luv‡R `~i †_‡K †m †Uªb‡K †`L‡jB eyS‡Z
`vwR©wjs †h‡Z mgq jv‡M mvZ NÈv| mi¯^Zx cy‡Rvi QzwU‡Z Pjjvg cvi‡eb, †Kb G‡K Uªq‡Ub e‡j|
`vwR©wjs| Z‡e Gevi Avi wbD RjcvB¸wo †_‡K wR‡c bq, hvÎv †Uª‡bi MwZ KLbI gš’i, KLbI ev †ek fvjB| †Uª‡bi MwZ gš’i n‡j
n‡e Uq‡Uª‡b| KjKvZv †_‡K wUwKU †K‡U †i‡LwQjvg| hvIqvi mgq cvnvwo evj‡Kiv †`Š‡o G‡m †Uª‡b I‡V| wmWvi, IK cÖf…wZ MvQ cy‡iv
`vwR©wjs †gj GKUz †jU wQj, †Uª‡bi g‡a¨B Avgv‡`i eyK ayKcyK, c_UvB Puv‡`vqvi gZ †X‡K †i‡L‡Q|
GZw`‡bi mv‡ai Uq‡Uªb Avgv‡`i QvovB P‡j bv hvq| ZLb GK Gfv‡eB †cuŠ‡Q †Mjvg Kvwk©qvs, AvenvIqvi cwieZ©bUv †ek gvjyg
`vwR©wjs wngvjqvb †ijI‡qi e¨e¯’vcbvq †ek K‡qKwU Uq‡Uªb wbD RjcvB¸wo †_‡K `vwR©wjs PjvPj K‡i| 1-wW Avc mKvj 9Uvq wbD
RjcvB¸wo †Q‡o we‡Kj 4†U 15 wgwb‡U `vwR©wjs †cuŠQq| G †UªbwU Kvwk©qvs †cuŠQq †ejv 1Uv 17 wgwb‡U| Avevi 2-wW WvDb mKvj 9Uv
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨

15 wgwb‡U `vwR©wjs †Q‡o we‡Kj 4†U 50 wgwb‡U wbD RjcvB¸wo Av‡m| †Uª‡b cÖ_g I wØZxq `yÕwU †kªYx Av‡Q| cÖ_g †kªYxi fvov A‡bK
†ewk wØZxq †kªYxi Zzjbvq| 3-wW Avc wbD RjcvB¸wo †_‡K mKvj 8Uv 30 wgwb‡U †Q‡o Kvwk©qvs †cuŠQq `ycyi 12Uvq| 4-wW WvDb `ycyi
2†Uv 30 wgwb‡U Kvwk©qvs †_‡K †Q‡o wbD RjcvB¸wo †cuŠQq m‡Ü 6Uvq| Z‡e 4-wW Uq‡UªbwU‡Z †KejgvÎ cÖ_g †kªYxi e¨e¯’vB Av‡Q|
9-wW †UªbwU `ycyi 3†Uq Kvwk©qvs †Q‡o we‡Kj 5Uv 50 wgwb‡U `vwR©wjs †cuŠQq| 9-wW-i †ÿ‡Î ïaygvÎ cÖ_g †kªYxi e¨e¯’vB i‡q‡Q| 10-wW
`vwR©wjs †_‡K mKvj 10Uv 15 wgwb‡U †Q‡o Kvwk©qvs Av‡m `ycyi 1Uv 10 wgwb‡U| Rq ivBW †UªbwU `vwR©wjs †_‡K h_vµ‡g mKvj 8Uv,
10Uv 40 wgwbU Ges `ycyi 10Uv 20 wgwb‡U †Q‡o gvÎ `yÕNÈvq Nyg Ny‡i `vwR©wjs wd‡i Av‡m| Gi g‡a¨ evZvwmqv jyc-G 10 wgwbU I Nyg
wgDwRqv‡g 30 wgwb‡Ui weiwZ †bq| †Uªbfvovi m‡½B Nyg wgDwRqv‡gi cÖ‡ekg~j¨ aiv _v‡K| G †UªbwU‡Z ïaygvÎ cÖ_g †kªYxi e¨e¯’vB
Av‡Q| wbD RjcvB¸wo †_‡K `vwR©wjs‡qi c‡_ †Uª‡bB Lvevi cvIqv hvq| wK‡b wb‡Z n‡e| G-c‡_ †÷kb¸wj‡Z †KvbI Lvevi cvIqv
hvq bv| †h-†KvbI Kw¤úDUvivBRW wiRv‡f©kb KvD›Uvi †_‡K Uq‡Uª‡b wUwKU eyK Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A_ev AbjvB‡b wUwKU KvU‡Z n‡j jM
Ab Kiæb: www.irctc.co.in GQvov wbD RjcvB¸wo‡Z †cuŠ‡QI wUwKU KvUv hvq| Avmb msiÿY I we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z GB I‡qemvBUwU
†`L‡Z cv‡ib: www.dhr.in

mnhvÎx Avk¦¯Í Ki‡jb, `vwR©wjs †gj bv †cuŠQ‡j Uq‡Uªb Qv‡o bv| nj, Mv‡q DVj nvjKv wKQz Mig Rvgv| †Uªb GwM‡q Pjj GKBfv‡e
†Uªb †_‡K †b‡gB †`Šojvg Uq‡Uª‡b Pvc‡Z| wbw`©ó mg‡qB †Uª‡b D‡V †n‡j`y‡j| cvnv‡oi Mv †e‡q †g‡Ni ga¨ w`‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †cwi‡q
emjvg| †Mjvg Uys, †mvbv`v|
`vwR©wjs Uq‡Uªb BD‡b‡¯‹vi wek¦-HwZn¨ ZvwjKvfz³, Zvi Ici Avevi Gici †cuŠQjvg c„w_exi D”PZg †ijI‡q †÷kb Ny‡g| †Uª‡bi Rvbjv
m¤cÖwZ we‡k¦i †miv cuvPwU †ijhvÎvi g‡a¨I ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i Lyj‡ZB VvÊvq †Ku‡c †Mjvg| SUcU A‡½ DVj †gvUv R¨v‡KU, Uzwc|
M‡e©i GB Uq‡Uªb| †÷k‡b †b‡g Qwe Zzjjvg| ZviciB Avevi †Uª‡b IVv|
†n‡j`y‡j, Kz-wSKwSK K‡i †Uªb Pj‡Z ïiæ Kij| Gi evwoi D‡Vvb Nyg Qvovi wKQzÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B evZvwmqv jyc †cwi‡q †Mjvg| Ae‡k‡l
w`‡q, Zvi evwoi evMvb w`‡q hvÎvc_| wkwj¸wo UvDb Qvovi wKQzÿ‡Yi Avgiv †cuŠ‡Q †Mjvg `vwR©wjs †÷k‡b| †kl nj mvZ NÈvi GK
g‡a¨B †Uªb Pj‡Z ïiæ Kij R½‡j QvIqv c_ a‡i| `yÕav‡i Nb mey‡Ri Amvgvb¨ †ijhvÎv|
mgv‡ivn, m‡½ Rswj MÜ|
mviv iv¯Ív‡ZB †Uªb Gu‡K‡eu‡K iv¯Ív µm Ki‡QÑ Gw`K †_‡K Iw`K Avi wcqvwj P‡Ævcva¨vq cwðge‡½i ch©UK

43
 Rb¥ 19 wW‡m¤^i 1924 g„Zy¨ 31 RyjvB 1980

AvRI huvi Mvb ¯§„wZ‡Z A¤øvb

gn¤§` iwd
Kv jx c ` `v m
G‡Z †Kvb wØgZ †bB †h Avgiv GK A™¢yZ RxebvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q P‡jwQ| e¨¯ÍZvi †mLv‡b †kl †bB, Qy‡UvQywUi †kl
†bB, †mLv‡b G‡K-Aci‡K Uc‡K hvIqvi mxgvnxb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| AvR hv PP©vi welq Kvj Zv ¯§„wZ| Gfv‡eB cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©
Avgv‡`i ÔAvRÕ ¯§„wZi AZ‡j Zwj‡q hv‡”Q ÔKvjÕ-G, †mLvb †_‡K ÔgnvKvj-G| GgZve¯’vq `xN© wZwik eQi hw` gvbyl
KvD‡K Zv‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z a‡i iv‡L Zvn‡j GUv Avi ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h †mB gvbylwUi wKQy AšÍZ K¨vwikgv Av‡Q|
ejwQ gn¤§` iwdi K_v| Zvi bvg I KvR AvRI ïaygvÎ Ck¦‡ii †`Iqv †mB weij Kɯ^‡ii g‡a¨ mgvbfv‡e wU‡K
i‡q‡Q| MZ wZwikeQ‡i msMxZRM‡Z KZ i_x-gnvi_x Gj-†Mj, KZ Mvb wnU, mycvi wnU, mycvi-Wycvi wnU nj| Mv‡bi
†Kb? †Kb, PjwZ cÖ_v †f‡O, wPivPwiZ Ôdg©Õ †f‡O KZ-KZ ÔG·‡cwi‡g›UÕ-B bv nj! wKš‘ gn¤§` iwd Avi Zvi Mvb Ges Aek¨B Zvi
AvR Mv‡bi Mv‡bi I Awf‡bZvi ¯^‡ii ÔwWgvÛÕ Abyhvqx we‡kl we‡kl MvqKx †`‡ki gvbyl AvRI fyj‡Z cv‡iwb| GZw`b ciI iwdi
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv GZUzKzI K‡gwbÑ cyi‡bv cÖR‡b¥i nvZ a‡i Zv Aejxjvq bZzb cÖR‡b¥ Pvjvb n‡q †M‡Q| Zvi Qwe‡Z cÖ_g
÷vBj, ‡kªvZv, Mvb MvIqv ev mvqMj mv‡n‡ei Avkxe©v`‡K m¤^j K‡i gy¤^B G‡m nvwRi nIqv, cÖwZôvi Rb¨ w`‡bi ci w`b msMÖvg Pvwj‡q
mvsMxwZK hvIqvÑ meB AvR wKse`wšÍ|
1924 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤^i civaxb fvi‡Zi cÄv‡ei †KvUjv myjZvb wms‡n Zvi Rb¥ nq| WvKbvg wQj wd‡Kv| iwdi
cwi‡ek GZ msMxZcÖwZfv cÖ_g bR‡i Av‡m Zvi gvgvi| wZwbB Zvi Mvb †kLvi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`b| iwd ZvB Lye Aí eqm †_‡KB cÖ_‡g
me wKQy e`‡j I¯Ív` e‡o ¸jvg Avwj Luv Zvic‡i I¯Ív` ikx` Luv, cwÊZ Rxebjvj †gvÆyi Kv‡Q Mvb †k‡Lb Ges c‡i wd‡ivR wbRvwgi
Kv‡Q kv¯¿xq msMxZPP©v K‡ib| gvÎ 13 eQi eq‡m iwd cÖ_g g‡Â Mvb MvIqvi my‡hvM cvb| Gici 1941 mv‡j cÄvwe
hvIqvi ciI Qwe ¸j ejyP-G cÖ_g wZwb cvk¦©MvqK wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib| †mB eQ‡iB AvKvkevYx jv‡nvi †_‡K Zvi Kv‡Q Mvb
iwd †gvn mgvb MvIqvi Avgš¿Y Av‡m| jv‡nvi †_‡K iwd gy¤^B Av‡mb 1944 mv‡j| G mg‡q Zvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM nq †bŠkv` mv‡n‡ei|
†m GK gRvi NUbv| iwd †QvU †_‡KB †K.Gj mvqM‡ji Lye f³ wQ‡jb| Qwei RM‡Z Avmvi Av‡M g‡Â ev Mv‡bi Avm‡i
fv‡e i‡q †M‡Q? mvqMj‡KB wZwb evi evi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| mvqM‡ji Mvb I MxZawg©Zv 14 eQ‡ii wK‡kvi iwd‡K GZUvB cÖfvweZ
†Kb AvRI K‡iwQj †h kvnRunv Qwe Kivi mgq wZwb mivmwi G‡m Qwei cwiPvjK †bŠkv` mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q mvqM‡ji m‡½ gvÎ `yÕ‡Uv
gvbyl Zvi Mvb jvBb MvIqvi Rb¨ wgbwZ K‡iwQ‡jb| hyeK †bŠkv` mv‡ne evjK iwdi †mB Aby‡iva †g‡b wb‡q H Qwe‡Z Zuv‡K `yÕjvBb
MvIqvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ †mB MvbUv wQj Ôi“wn i“wn †g‡i mc‡buv Kx ivwbÕ| mvqMjI Lywk n‡q iwd‡K h‡_ó
ï‡b cvMj nq ? DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb| †bŠkv` mv‡n‡ei †bKbR‡i cov †mB †_‡KB| †bŠkv` mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Zvi m¤úK©, msMxZ hvÎv Ges
iwd hv`y AvRI e܇Z¡i †mB ïiæ hv Zvi g„Zz¨i Av‡M ch©šÍ wQj AUyU I Agwjb| hw`I Zvi cQ‡›`i ZvwjKvq Av‡iv GKRb wQ‡jb, wZwb
ZvjvZ gvngy`| wKšÍy c‡i iwd I †bŠkv` G‡K-A‡b¨i w`Iqvbv n‡q c‡ob|
†Kb gvbyl‡K †bŠkv‡`i my‡i iwd †M‡q‡Qb †gvU 149wU Mvb| 1950 †_‡K 1960 ch©šÍ, GB GK `k‡K Iwc bBqvi, k¼i RqwKkvb
b÷vjwRqvq I Gm.wW eg©‡bi me‡P‡q cQ‡›`i MvqK wQ‡jb iwd| 1945 mv‡j jvqjv-gRby Qwe‡Z wZwb Ô†Ziv RjIqv wRm‡b †`Lv
MqvÕ MvbwU wb‡RB Mvb| A_©vr Qwe‡Z Zv‡KB MvB‡Z †`Lv hvq| Gici †`k fvM nq| 1947 mv‡j †`k fv‡Mi ci wZwb
Av”Qbœ K‡i?
44
†Kb AvR Mv‡bi ÷vBj, †kªvZv, mvsMxwZK cwi‡ek GZ me wKQy e`‡j hvIqvi ciI iwd‡gvn mgvbfv‡e i‡q
†M‡Q? †Kb AvRI gvbyl Zvi Mvb ï‡b cvMj nq? iwd-hv`y AvRI †Kb gvbyl‡K b÷vjwRqvq Av”Qbœ K‡i?
Gi Ab¨Zg KviY, †m-mg‡qi msMxZKvi‡`i Awe¯§iYxq myi hv AvRI `wjj n‡q Av‡Q|
b~iRvnv‡bi m‡½I †ek K‡qKwU Mvb K‡ib| MvqKx aviv cÖavbZ wQj kãcÖavb| e¯‘Z ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q AvRI †mK_v gvbyl
Ôe`jv IqvdvÕ kxl©K MvbwU †m mg‡q h‡_ó welqUv ZZUv mnR wQj bv hZUv iwdi Mvb Lye kª×vi m‡½ ¯§iY K‡i| Mvb-evRbv Avi
RbwcÖq n‡qwQj| m¤¢eZ fvi‡Zi evB‡i ï‡b g‡b nZ| Zv GRb¨ †h Mv‡bi k‡ãi wm‡bgv RM‡Z cÖvqkB bvbv NUbv, bvbv evK-
hvIqvi my‡hvM Zvi KL‡bv nqwb| wZwb fviZ †fZi GKRb msMxZKvi Zvi wbR¯^ fvebvi weZÊv, bvbv †K”Qvi K_v †kvbv hvq wKš‘
†Q‡o †Kv_vI †h‡ZI Pvbwb| 1948 mv‡j †mŠif DRvo K‡i †`b Ges MgK, f½x I iwdmv‡ne‡K wb‡q GgbUv KLbI N‡Uwb|
iv‡R›`ªK…òi †jLv, Ôï‡bv ï‡bv G `ywbqv myi-Zvj-j‡q Zv‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| k‡ãi wZwb wQ‡jb Gm‡ei A‡bK E‡aŸ©| wZwb
Iqv‡jv, evcy †K qn Agi KnvbxÕ MvbwU K‡i Av‡jvKI eRvq _v‡K †mB m‡½ my‡ii gvayh©I memgqB Zvi Mvb wb‡q wb‡Ri gZ g‡R
hvicibvB L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| MvbwU ï‡b wVK _v‡K GUvB nj myMg msMx‡Zi Ab¨Zg _vK‡Z fvjevm‡Zb| Zvi K‡É †hb ¯^qs
ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x cwÊZ RInijvj †bniæ ag©| iwdmv‡ne †mLv‡bI Ab¨‡`i †_‡K mi¯^Zxi Avevm wQj| Zvi MvqKx nq‡Zv
Zv‡K Zvi evwo‡Z Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| iwd Zvi e¨wZµg| k‡ãi IRb‡K K‡É aviY K‡i A‡b‡KB AbymiY K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ Zvi e¨w³‡Z¡i
evwo wM‡q MvbwU Zv‡K †M‡q ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi g~Q©bv‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z w`‡Z KLb †h wZwb ïwPZv Ges cweÎZv KZRb AbymiY Ki‡Z
IB eQ‡iB ¯^vaxbZv w`e‡m †bniæRx iRZ Ô†cøe¨vK wmsMviÕ †_‡K ¯^i-MÜe© n‡q †h‡Zb †c‡i‡Qb Zv wb‡q m‡›`‡ni AeKvk Av‡Q|
c`K w`‡q Zv‡K m¤§vb Rvbvb| cuvPwU RvZxq †UiB cvIqv †hZ bv| †`Iiv‡mi D¯Ív` i¾e AšÍZ Zvi gZ K‡i †Zv bqB| my‡ii GB
¯Í‡ii wdj¥ A¨vIqvW© Ges QÕevi wdj¥ †dqvi Rv`yKi Zvi wekvj Hk¦h© wb‡q Avgv‡`i g‡a¨
A¨vIqv‡W© m¤§vwbZ nb| iwdf³ Avevj-e„×- G‡m‡Qb, `yÕnv‡Z Zvi my‡ii gvqvRvj we¯Ívi
ewbZv †mme AvRI kª×vi m‡½ ey‡Ki g‡a¨ K‡i‡Qb Zvici KvR †kl K‡i P‡j †M‡Qb|
†Zgb K‡iB AvM‡j †i‡L‡Qb, †hgb K‡i mywd `i‡ek Avi dwKi g‡bi GB gvbylwU
Zviv Zv‡`i wbKU cwiRb‡`i ¯§„wZ AvM‡j †h Mv‡bi my‡i KÉ w`‡q‡Qb Zv-B Agi n‡q
iv‡Lb| Gi g‡a¨ nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Av‡Qb †M‡Q, †h KweZv ev kvBwi‡Z wZwb KÉ †hvM
hviv †Kvbw`b iwd mv‡ne‡K †Pv‡LI †`‡Lbwb| K‡i‡Qb Zv-B KvjRqx n‡q †M‡Q| 1980
ïay Zvi †mB AvIqv‡Ri cikgwYi ¯ú‡k©B mv‡ji 31 RyjvB ü`‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q gvÎ
Zviv iwd‡K Zv‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z a‡i †i‡L‡Qb| 56 eQi eq‡m GB gnvb myimgªv‡Ui g„Zz¨ nq|
ZvB AvRI iwd Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mgvbfv‡e †eu‡P iwd Zvi mg‡q wnw›` wm‡bgvi †QvU-eo cÖvq
i‡q‡Qb| me Awf‡bZvi Rb¨B Mvb †M‡q‡Qb| 1965
†Kb? †Kb AvR Mv‡bi ÷vBj, †kªvZv, mv‡j Zv‡K fviZ miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K cÙkªx
mvsMxwZK cwi‡ek GZ me wKQy e`‡j m¤§v‡b f~wlZ Kiv nq| ewjD‡W we‡kl we‡kl
hvIqvi ciI iwd-‡gvn mgvbfv‡e i‡q †M‡Q? Awf‡bZvi Mjv ev Mv‡bi wmPy‡qkb I MwZ
†Kb AvRI gvbyl Zvi Mvb ï‡b cvMj nq? Abymv‡i evi evi Mjvi ¯^‡i †di-e`j K‡i
iwd-hv`y AvRI †Kb gvbyl‡K b÷vjwRqvq Mvb Kiv A_©vr ÔI‡WvwjsÕ-Gi cÖPjb wnw›`
Av”Qbœ K‡i? Gi Ab¨Zg KviY, †m-mg‡qi wm‡bgvq wZwbB cÖ_g K‡ib| Zvi eû Mvb
msMxZKvi‡`i Awe¯§iYxq myi hv AvRI AvRI msMxZRM‡Z Agi n‡q Av‡Q| GgbKx
`wjj n‡q Av‡Q hv‡`i cÖwZ iwdmv‡n‡ei Zvi G‡Kev‡i cyi‡bv Mvb¸‡jvi g‡a¨I †ek
kª×v AvgiY wQj A¤øvb| ûmœjvj fMZivg, K‡qKwU, †hgb, Ôn¨v‡jv myBU †m‡fw›UbÕ, ÔI
†bŠkv`, †ivkb, Gm.wW eg©b †_‡K ïiæ K‡i P‡j †nv KunvÕ, Ôw`j †K AvB‡b †guÕ ev ÔDb‡m
g`b‡gvnb, Avi.wW eg©b Ges j²xKvšÍ Avjx Luvmv‡ne‡K kv¯¿xq msMx‡Zi `ye©vmv, wiàx-wUàx †nv MBÕ BZ¨vw` GLbI †jv‡K g‡b
c¨v‡ijvj ch©šÍ mevB‡K iwdmv‡ne I¯Ív‡`i ciïivg ev wek¦vwgÎ e‡j g‡b Kiv nZ| Zvi †i‡L‡Qb|
gh©v`v w`‡q| Zviv †hgb e‡j‡Qb webqx †gRvR Avi mvsMxwZK `vc‡Ui m‡½ A‡b‡KB MZ 31 RyjvB iwdmv‡n‡ei Av‡iKwU g„Zy¨
Qv‡Îi gZ †Zgbfv‡eB †M‡q‡Qb, Aby‡hv‡Mi cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Rxe‡b KLbI wm‡bgv w`b P‡j †Mj| `yt‡Li welq, gy¤^B‡qi †h
†Kvb my‡hvM wZwb †`bwb| Zvi mg‡qB A‡bK n‡j wM‡q wm‡bgv †`‡Lbwb| wKš‘ nvwZg ZvB †Mvi¯’v‡b G gnvb wkíx‡K Kei †`Iqv
Rywbqi Zv‡`i cÖwZfv Avi kª‡gi Ici fi Qwei †mB weL¨vZ Mvb ÔciIiw`Mv‡i Avjg n‡qwQj hZœ I cÖ‡qvRbxq †`Lfv‡ji Afv‡e
K‡i bvgx msMxZKvi n‡q D‡V‡Qb, wKšÍy wZwb †Ziv nx n¨vq mnvivÕ Awj‡Z-Mwj‡Z ¸ÄwiZ Zv cÖvq †jvKP¶zi Avov‡j P‡j †M‡Q|
ÔwmwbqiÕ n‡qI Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB mgvb n‡Z †`‡L ïay †mB MvbwU †kvbvi Rb¨ wZwb gy¤^B‡qi AÆvwjKv mgm¨vi `vc‡U nvwcm n‡q
m¤§vb w`‡q‡Qb, †hvM¨ gh©v`v w`‡q‡Qb Ges GK wm‡bgv n‡j wM‡q nvwRi nb| cy‡iv MvbwU †M‡Q Ab¨ A‡b‡Ki m‡½ Zvi KeiI|
Zv‡`i K‡¤úvwRk‡b eive‡ii gZB mZZv I wZwb Kvb †c‡Z †kv‡bb | ïb‡Z ïb‡Z iwd d¨vb K¬v‡ei Ab¨Zg cÖwZôvZv exby
wbf©iZvi m‡½ †M‡q‡Qb| Zvi `yÕ‡PvL †e‡q Aweivg R‡ji aviv †b‡g bvqvi Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ôiwdi Ke‡ii Kv‡Q GKUv
Avi GKUv e¨vcvi, iwd e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b Av‡m| GB GKwU NUbv †_‡KB iwdmv‡n‡ei bvi‡K‡ji MvQ GLbI Av‡Q| wbiƒcvq n‡qB
†jLvcov †ewk Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb wVKB wKš‘ KÉ-gvayh© †Kvb gvÎvq †cuŠ‡QwQj Zvi cÖgvY Avgiv GLb †mB MvQUvi bx‡P GKwÎZ n‡q
KweZv, †ki-kvBwii wZwb wQ‡jb A™¢yZ †g‡j| iwdmv‡ne m¤ú‡K© Avi GKUv Ri“wi cÖwZ eQi 31 RyjvB Zvi cÖwZ kª×v RvbvB|Õ
†ev×v| Zvi †h †Kvb Mvb, Zv †m Pjw”P‡Îi K_v bv ej‡jB bq, Zv n‡”Q GKRb fvj Zvi Pvi †Q‡j, mvB`, Lvwj`, nvwg` I
†nvK ev AvaywbK ev †Kvb AvÂwjK fvlvi Mvb Mvq‡Ki cvkvcvwk wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Am¤¢e kvwn` Ges wZb †g‡q, cvifxb, bvmixb I
wKsev †Kvb ePb, ïb‡j Lye mn‡RB †evSv hvq fvj gvbylI| RxeÏkvq Zvi m¤ú‡K© KLbI Bqvmwgb|
fve kã wPÎK‡íi Ici Kx fxlY `Lj wQj| †Kvb weev`-weZK© ev Kv‡iv m‡½ †Kvb SzU-
†Kgb †M‡q‡Qb †mUv AcÖvmw½K n‡q †hZ, g‡b Sv‡gjvi K_v †KD †kv‡bwb| webgª e¨envi,
nZ iwd †hfv‡e †M‡q‡Qb MvbUv †hb †mfv‡e kvjxbZv‡eva, †QvU-eo mevi cÖwZ mgvb Kvjxc` `vm
MvIqvi Rb¨B m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| iwdmv‡n‡ei kª×v, mvi‡j¨i L¨vwZ wQj Zvi me©Î| Zvi cwðge‡½i Abyev`K I mvsevw`K

45
fvi‡Zi cÖ‡KŠkj `ÿZvi we¯§qKi D`vniY
ev›`ªv-Iqviwj mgy`ª‡mZz
K ‡q ` bv R gx
a~mi bxj Rjivwki g‡a¨ †_‡K G †hb AvKv‡ki w`‡K Lvov `uvwo‡q| Gi cÖavb `yÕwU UvIqvi †hb bx‡P †b‡g
Avmv Kv‡jv †g‡Ni g‡a¨ wgwj‡q †M‡Q| Avie mvM‡ii Ici 5.6 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© GB †mZz fvi‡Zi Avw_©K
kni gy¤^B‡qi `yÕwU e¨¯Í GjvKvi g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î iPbv K‡i‡Q| †Lvjv mgy‡`ª †Kej-G ˆZwi fvi‡Zi cÖ_g G
†mZz cÖ‡KŠkj `ÿZvi we¯§qKi GK D`vniY| Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q †`‡ki cwiKvVv‡gv weKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î GK bZzb
w`M‡šÍi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q|
`k eQi a‡i wbg©xqgvY G †mZzi m¤cÖwZ D‡Øvab n‡q‡Q| 8†jbwewkó †mZzwU wbg©vY Ki‡Z 40nvRvi Ub
B¯úvZ Ges 90nvRvi Ub KswµU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mZzi IRb 2jvL 70nvRvi Ub Ges LiP n‡q‡Q
32†KvwU 70jvL Wjvi| mgy`ªZ‡ji 9wgUvi Ic‡i ˆZwi G †mZzi `yÕcÖv‡šÍ GKwU K‡i UvIqvi i‡q‡Q hvi
D”PZv 43Zjv evwoi mgvb| 180wU B¯úv‡Zi Lv¤^vi Ici ˆZwi GB †mZz mgy‡`ªi DËvj Zi½‡K D‡cÿv K‡i
Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †NvlYv Ki‡Q|
46
†Kej¸wj‡K k³ K‡i ivLv †mZzi cÖavb UvIqvi wPivPwiZ fviZxq cÖ_vq G gnvbMix‡ZB MZ Pwjøk eQi a‡i Avwg eo n‡qwQ| G †mZz Avgv‡K
bg¯‹vi-Gi gy`ªvq ˆZwi| GiB m‡½ DËi I `wÿY w`‡K 500wgUv‡ii `yÕwU AevK K‡i‡Q| †mZz‡Z IVvi I bvgvi cÖk¯Í c_ `yÕwUI my›`i| gnvbMixi
†Kej †mZzI i‡q‡Q hvi bxP w`‡q gvQ aivi †bŠ‡Kv¸wj mn‡R †f‡m †h‡Z wekvjKvq BgviZ I feb¸wj †hb wQU‡K †cQ‡b P‡j hv‡”Q| G AwfÁZv
cv‡i| g‡bi Mfx‡i `vM †K‡U hvq|
1963 mv‡j GB †mZz wbg©v‡Yi K_v fvev n‡qwQj| †mZz‡Z AZ¨vaywbK e¨emvqx cÖZvc Gm †eiv kniZjx Ryûi evwm›`v| hvbR‡U cÖwZw`b A‡bK
wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi e‡›`ve¯Í n‡q‡Q Ges †mZzi Ici-bx‡P ˆe`y¨wZK K¨v‡giv mgq bó nIqvq wZwb gy¤^B‡qi evwYR¨ †K›`ª¯’j bvwigvb c‡q‡›U Zuvi
jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Awdm eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|
G cÖK‡í wPb, wgki, wm½vcyi, _vBj¨vÛ Ggb wK mvwe©qv Ges myBRvij¨vÛmn †evevi cÖwZwµqv, ÔA‡bK w`b a‡iB mgy`ªc‡_ G †mZz evbv‡bvi K_v
11wU †`‡ki †gvU 3nvRvi †ckv`vi Kg©x wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj| ïbwQjvg| GLb G †mZz ˆZwi n‡q hvIqvq `wÿY gy¤^B‡q Avevi Awdm
cwimsL¨vb Ges cÖhyw³MZ `ÿZv QvovI jvL jvL gy¤^BK‡ii Rxe‡b G †mZz †Lvjvi K_v fvewQ|Õ
†ek wKQzUv ¯^v”Q›`¨ G‡b‡Q| gnvbMixi G GjvKvi evwm›`viv GLb AwZ Aí gnvivóª ivR¨ moK Dbœqb cwil` (GgGmAviwWwm)-i weWweøDGmGj cÖavb
mg‡q hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡KŠkjx Gm Gg mvewbm ej‡jb, Ô†`‡ki wewfbœ cÖvšÍ †_‡K †h cÖksmv
mKvj I weKv‡ji e¨¯ÍZg mg‡q ev›`ªv †_‡K Iqviwj kniZwj ch©šÍ n‡”Q Zv‡Z Avgiv mevB Awff~Z| Avgiv Avgv‡`i h_vmva¨ K‡iwQ Ges
8wK‡jvwgUvi iv¯Ív cvi n‡Z Av‡M †hLv‡b 60-90wgwbU mgq jvMZ GLb mevi fvj †j‡M‡Q †`‡L Avgv‡`iI Avb›` n‡”Q| Avgvi `‡ji c‡ÿ G
†mLv‡b gvÎ 6-8wgwbU mgq jv‡M| GK AwZ Drmvne¨ÄK NUbv|Õ
23wU wmMb¨vj I e¨¯ÍZg mg‡q gvwng GjvKvi Mvwo-†Nvov Ges wekvj mvewbm e‡jb, `wÿY Øxckni Ges DËi-cwðg kniZjxi g‡a¨ G
hvbRU Gwo‡q gvbyl GLb †h weKí c‡_ Pj‡Qb Zv mwZ¨B Lye Avb‡›`i †mZzeÜb wVKgZ †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡j GK kZvãxiI †ewk †UKmB n‡e|
welq| gvwng c‡_ Mvwoi msL¨v ˆ`wbK 14jvL Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, GB †Kv¼b DcK~‡j †h So nq Zvi m‡e©v”P MwZ‡eM NÈvq
KZ©„cÿ g‡b K‡ib, cÖvq †`o jvL Mvwo cÖwZw`b G †mZz w`‡q hvZvqvZ K‡i 125 wK‡jvwgUvi| G MwZ‡eM mn¨ Kivi gZ ÿgZv i‡q‡Q G †mZzi|
Ges hvIqv Avmvi mgq cÖwZevi Mvwoi AvKv‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i 50 Ges ZvQvovI G †mZz Zxeª f~K¤úb mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
100 UvKv (cÖvq 2 Wjvi) K‡i †Uvj msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| mvewbm AviI e‡jb, †iKW© 6 wgUvi DuPy mvM‡ii †XD G †mZzi Ici
gy¤^B‡qi gvbyl AZ¨vaywbK GB cwiKvVv‡gvMZ we¯§q Pv¶zl Kivi ci ixwZgZ PjvPjKvix Mvwo‡Nvovi †Kvb ÿwZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
evKiæ×| Zviv Awff~Z †h, G †mZz †hvMv‡hv‡Mi d‡j `~iZ¡B †Kej K‡gwb, mvewbm Ges Zuvi `j GLb †mZzi Aewkó 20 kZvsk KvR m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z
Zv‡`i ˆbwgwËK LvUwbi cwigvYI jvNe n‡q‡Q| e¨¯Í| wZwb e‡jb, ÔG KvR m¤ú~Y© n‡j wØZxq 4 †jb wewkó †mZzc‡_i KvR
gy¤^BKiiv hviv cÖ_gw`b G †mZz w`‡q hvZvqvZ K‡i‡Qb Zviv Avie m¤ú~Y© n‡e| Avi ZLb 8†jb wewkó †mZzi Ici hvbevnb PjvPj Av‡iv
mvM‡ii µz× †XD wKfv‡e †mZzi `yÕcv‡k AvQ‡o co‡Q Zv we¯§qgy» bq‡b MwZgq I ¯^vfvweK n‡q Avm‡e|
cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Qb|
g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖ‡dkbvj †f¼U AvBqvi ej‡jb, ÔG †hb GK Aev¯Íe
AwfÁZv| hv †f‡ewQjvg Zvi †_‡KI A‡bK †ewk fvj n‡q‡Q| G †mZzi
Ici w`‡q Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ïay gRvi NUbvB bq, G †hb bZzb †Kvb GK Av‡jvKwPÎ Gb †K mvwib
RvqMvq hvIqvi AwfÁZv| m~Î fviZ cÖm½
Bb‡f÷‡g›U KbmvjU¨v›U wbMg Avi cvÊv ej‡jb, Ôgy¤^B‡q Avgvi Rb¥; K‡q` bvRwg fvi‡Zi wd«j¨vÝ wdPvi †jLK

47
 Ag„Zv cÖxZg cÄvwe fvlvi Kwe,
Jcb¨vwmK I †QvUMíKvi Ges
`wÿY Gwkqvi L¨vwZgvb mvwnZ¨
e¨w³Z¡| 31 A‡±vei 2005
wZwb bZzb w`wjø‡Z wbR evmfeb
25 nvDm Lv‡m g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj 86 eQi| Zuvi
g„Zz¨i ga¨ w`‡q cÄvwe mvwn‡Z¨i
GKwU †mvbvwjhy‡Mi Aemvb N‡U
Zuvi eB‡qi msL¨v 75| Gm‡ei
g‡a¨ 24wU Dcb¨vm, 15wU
†QvUMí msKjb, 23LÊ KweZv|
RxeÏkv‡ZB eû mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹v‡i
f‚wlZ nq wZwb| cÄvwe mvwn‡Z¨
we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 1956 mv‡j
wZwb mvwnZ¨ GKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi
Ges 1982 mv‡j jvBdUvBg
A¨vwPf‡g›U wn‡m‡e cvb ÁvbcxV
cyi¯‹vi| Zuvi me©vwaK D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Dcb¨vm wcÄi, †hwU cieZ©xKv‡j
wm‡bgvi Mí wn‡m‡e cÖPzi cÖksmv
Kzovq|
1919 mv‡ji 31 AvM÷
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¸RivbIqvjvi GK
wkLcwiev‡i Ag„Zv cÖxZg Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| w`wjø‡Z Av‡mb †`kfv‡Mi
(1947) ci| Zuvi A‡bK †jLvq
†`kfv‡Mi †e`bv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q
Av‡eMNb fvlvq| w`wjø G‡m
1961 mv‡j †_‡K wZwb Aj
BwÛqv †iwWI‡Z KvR †bb Ges
wnw›` fvlvq Mí-KweZv wjL‡Z
ïiæ K‡ib| Gici 1982 mv‡j
mvwnZ¨ GKv‡`wgi †Mv‡ìb Rywewj
Ag„Zv cÖxZg †mwj‡eªkb Dcj‡ÿ cÖwZôvbwU
Zuv‡K Gi m¤§vbxZ †d‡jv wbe©vwPZ

GK w`KåvšÍ †g‡Ni bvg K‡i| cÄvwe fvlvq wZwb GK

D¾¡j wkLv †R¡‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi
Mv Rx mv B dz j B m jv g g„Zz¨i m‡½ m‡½ Zv wb‡f †MjÑ G

48
iKg g~j¨vqb Zuvi mgmvgwqK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i| 1| ÔGKwU e¨_v
cÄvwemvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi c`vc©‡Yi Av‡M cÄvwe gwnjv‡`i Kɯ^i wbtk¦v‡m †U‡b wbB Avwg
†kvbv †hZ gnvKvwe¨Kavivi †cÖ‡gi MíKvwnbx‡Z| K¬¨vwmKvj Kweiv bxi‡e
Gme iPbv Ki‡Zb hv‡`i AwaKvskB wQ‡jb cyiæl| gwnjviv mvwnZ¨ wmMv‡i‡Ui gZ|
iPbv Ki‡jI Ki‡Zb QÙbv‡g| Zuviv Aek¨ †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î cÄvwe wKQz msMxZ i‡q‡Q
†jvKmsMxZ, cyi‡bv HwZn¨evnx avivi mvwnZ¨ iPbvq wb‡R‡`i †S‡o †dwj Avwg
mxgve× ivL‡Zb| Zuviv eû kZvãx a‡i Gfv‡e QÙbv‡g gwnjv‡`i QvB‡qi gZ
myL-`yt‡Li wPÎ AsKb K‡i‡Qb| Ag„Zv cÖxZg GKvB G ev¯ÍeZv wmMv‡iU †_‡K|Õ
wPiZ‡i iæ‡L w`‡jb| 2| ÔAvwgI †ZgbB GKRb gvbyl
evev-gv‡qi GKgvÎ mšÍvb Kwe Ag„Zv cÖxZg wQ‡jb Aciƒcv Avwg IB ÿ‡ZiB wPý,
IB `yN©Ubvi cÖZxK, hv
my›`ix| cÄvwe mvwn‡Z¨i me©Kv‡ji †miv G †jL‡Ki Rxe‡bi Ici wbwnZ _v‡K cwieZ©bkxj mg‡qi msNv‡Zi g‡a¨,
Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB Zuvi †cÖ‡gi cÖm½wU G‡m hvq| Avgvi gv‡qi KcvjI m‡qwQj †m Acwinvh© AvNvZ|
Zuvi bv‡gi m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q AviI `yÕwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvg Kwe kvnxi Avwg †mB Awfkvc
jywaqvbwf I wPÎwkíx Bg‡ivR| Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©šÍ Ag„Zv hv evm K‡i gvby‡li AšÍ‡i|
cÖxZg Zuvi g‡bi †Mvc‡b jvjb K‡i †M‡Qb ˆK‡kv‡ii †cÖwgK gvby‡li g‡a¨ Avwg G‡mwQ
kvnxi jywaqvbwf‡K| wKš‘ Rxe‡bi †kl w`bwU ch©šÍ m¤úK© †i‡L hLb bÿÎiv L‡m cowQj
†M‡Qb wkíx Bg‡iv‡Ri m‡½| Bg‡iv‡Ri m‡½ m¤ú‡K©i wfwË KxÑ hLb m~h© AšÍ hvw”Qj
Gi DËi †Kej Ag„Zv cÖxZgB w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zuvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g Ges Puv` XvKv cowQj AÜKv‡i|Õ
bvqK kvnxi jywaqvbwf n‡jI Zuvi we‡q nq GK m¤úv`‡Ki m‡½,
hvi Kv‡Q wK‡kvix eq‡m wZwb †jLv Qvcvi Rb¨ cvVv‡Zb| Ag„Zvi Aek¨ Ag„Zv cÖxZg I kvnxi jywaqvbwfi m¤úK© wb‡q wfbœgZI
11 eQi eq‡m Zvi gv gviv hvb| evev wQ‡jb ¯‹zj wkÿK I Kwe| cvIqv hvq| R‰bK cvwVKv m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡i wj‡L‡Qb, gvÎ c‡b‡iv
d‡j evevi ü`‡qi meUzKz RvqMv `Lj K‡i _vKv †g‡qwU‡K evev eQi eq‡m Zuvi we‡q n‡qwQj Zuvi m¤úv`‡Ki m‡½| Zvn‡j †Kvb
†P‡q‡Qb Áv‡b-¸‡Y AwØZxq K‡i Zzj‡Z| wKš‘ K‡jRRxe‡b gymwjg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wZwb kvnxi jywaqvbwf‡K we‡q Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ‡jbÑ
†Q‡ji m‡½ †cÖg wZwb †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| d‡j evevi B‡”Q‡ZB G welqwU cwi®‹vi bq|... Avwg g‡b Kwi bv GUv m¤¢e wQj, KviY,
QvÎRxeb †kl Kivi Av‡MB gvÎ 16 eQi eq‡m Zuvi we‡q n‡q hvq| ¸RivbIqvjv (cvwK¯Ívb) †_‡K wZwb mivmwi w`wjø‡Z (fvi‡Z)
Gfv‡e wb‡Ri B‡”Qi Acg„Zz¨ Ag„Zvi mvivRxe‡bi gg©‡e`bvi KviY Av‡mb 1947 mv‡j| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, jywaqvbv‡Z wZwb 1930-
nq| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z evevi Rei`w¯Í †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb g‡b n‡jI wfZ‡i Gi `k‡K KL‡bvB evm K‡ibwb| Zuvi †ivgvw›UK Rxeb wb‡q K_v
wfZ‡i wZwb IB m¤úv`K‡K ¯^vgx wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| ej‡Z †M‡j wPÎwkíx Bg‡iv‡Ri m‡½ Zuvi m¤ú‡K©i K_vB mZ¨ e‡j
jv‡nvi (jv‡nvi ZLb Awef³ cÄv‡ei ivRavbx) miKvwi K‡j‡R g‡b nq|Õ
w`wí G‡m Ag„Zv cÄvwe Gqvi mvwf©‡m PvKwi †bb Ges †cQ‡bi
covi mgq Ag„Zv Kwe kvnxi jywaqvbwfi †cÖ‡g c‡ob| evev
me euvab gy‡Q †djvi Rb¨ ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wW‡fv‡m©i `vwe †Zv‡jb|
gv‡bbwb| nq‡Zv Gi †cQ‡b eo KviY wQj kvnx‡ii Avw_©K `yie¯’v| wZwb PvB‡jb Kb¨v-cy·K Zuvi †ndvR‡Z ivL‡Z| wZwb cÖKv‡k¨ wkL
Ae¯’vcbœ N‡i Rb¥ n‡jI kvnx‡ii evev wØZxq we‡q Kivi Zuvi gv ag© cÖZ¨vL¨vb bv Ki‡jI Pzj †K‡U Lv‡Uv K‡i †d‡jb| Avm³ n‡q
Zuv‡K wb‡q evwo †Q‡o P‡j G‡mwQ‡jb| ¯^vgxi †Kvb mvnvh¨ bv wb‡q c‡ob wmMv‡i‡U| IB mg‡q cÄvwe fvlvi me‡P‡q UªvwRK mywd Kwe
wZwb †Q‡j‡K gvbyl Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j kvnxi jywaqvbwfi Iqvwik kvn‡K wb‡q wZwb iPbv K‡ib Zuvi weL¨vZ KweZv Iqvwik
evj¨Kvj †K‡U‡Q AZ¨šÍ `vwi‡`ªi g‡a¨| A_P K‡jRRxe‡bB wZwb kvn wk‡ivbv‡g|
MRj Avi bR‡gi Rb¨ RbwcÖq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| Ag„Zvi evev w`wjø‡Z Ag„Zv wPÎwkíx Bg‡iv‡Ri m‡½ GKB K¤úvU©‡g‡›U
†g‡q‡K †div‡Z kvnxi‡K K‡jR Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| emevm ïiæ K‡ib| eq‡m †QvU Bg‡iv‡Ri m‡½ wZwb emevm Ki‡Zb
Ag„Zv cÖxZg cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi A‡bK mvÿvrKv‡i Ges wb‡Ri mšÍvb‡`i wb‡q| wZwb †`vZjvq Avi Bg‡ivR _vK‡Zb wbP
KweZvq kvnxi jywaqvbwfi cÖwZ Zuvi fv‡jvevmvi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ Zjvq|
†NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi evZ©v (my‡bn‡i ev †g‡mR) Kve¨MÖš’wU 1955 Bg‡ivR †hgb Ag„Zvi eû †cv‡Uª©U A¼b K‡i‡Qb, Ag„ZvI
mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| G Kve¨MÖ‡š’ wZwb wb‡R‡K KweZvi DrK…ó Zuv‡K wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb A‡bK KweZv|
wkíx wn‡m‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z mÿg nb| Gi AwaKvsk KweZvB kvnxi MvRx mvBdzj Bmjvg cÖvewÜK, Abyev`K
jywaqvbwf‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i †jLv| wKš‘ Zuvi bvixev`x †jLv¸‡jv
cwÎKvq Qvcv n‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j ¯^vgxi m‡½ gZvšÍi †`Lv †`q| Gme
†jLvq wb‡Ri AmyLx `v¤úZ¨Rxe‡biI cÖwZdjb NUZ| G Ae¯’vq
1960 Zv‡`i QvovQvwo n‡q hvqÑ ZLb Zuvi eqm 41|
Ag„Zv cvM‡ji gZ fvjevm‡Zb kvnxi‡K| GKevi GK msev`
m‡¤§j‡b GKwU KvM‡R wZwb kvnxi jywaqvbwfi bvg nvRvi evi
wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i †`Lv nZ wKš‘ evK¨wewbgq nZ bv| kvnxi ïay
wmMv‡iU †U‡b †h‡Zb| kvnx‡ii P‡j hvIqvi ci Ag„Zv wb‡RI
wmMv‡i‡U Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡ob| kvnx‡ii g„Zz¨i ci Ag„Zv wjL‡jb,
wZwb Avkv K‡ib, wmMv‡i‡Ui †auvqv evZv‡mi m‡½ wg‡k Ab¨
c„w_ex‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges kvnx‡ii m‡½ wgwjZ n‡e| kvnx‡ii
D‡Ï‡k¨ †jLv Zvi KweZvi Askwe‡kl bx‡P Zz‡j aiv nj:

49
†kl cvZv

mybxjmvMiZx‡i
f³‡`i gy‡LvgywL mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq
AvaywbK evsjvmvwn‡Z¨i RbwcÖq K_vmvwnwZ¨K, Kwe Ges bxj Dcva¨vq Zuvi AviI `yÕwU QÙbvg|
mvwnZ¨ GKv‡Wwgi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq †mB mgq Zuvi cÖ_g D”PvKv•¶x Dcb¨vm| GK `yišÍ
m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`k Ny‡i †M‡jb| AvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi mg‡qi Amvgvb¨ PvjwPÎ †mB mgq| Dbwesk kZ‡Ki evsjv
P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ci wZwb mvwnZ¨ GKv‡Wwgi wØZxq evOvwj we‡kl K‡i Rvqgvb KjKvZvi hveZxh †K¬`-mylgvi Av‡jL¨
mfvcwZ| 1934 mv‡ji 7 †m‡Þ¤^i [21 fv`ª 1341] †mB mgq| †mB mg‡qi Acwimxg RbwcÖqZvi D¾xweZ n‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki gv`vixcy‡ii AvgMÖv‡g gvgvevwo‡Z Zuvi Rb¥| wZwb mgq‡K DcRxe¨ K‡i G‡K G‡K wj‡L †d‡jb c~e©-
†mB mgq, c~e©-cwðg, cÖ_g Av‡jv cÖf…wZ e„nrK‡jei cwðg, cª_g Av‡jvi gZ GwcK Dcb¨vm|
KvjRqx Dcb¨v‡mi kw³gvb iPwqZv mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq jvjb dwK‡ii Rxeb wb‡q †j‡Lb Abycg Dcb¨vm
KweZv-Dcb¨vm wgwj‡q eB wj‡L‡Qb wZb kZvwaK| †`k g‡bi gvbyl| evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi †hŠ_ cÖ‡hvRbvq cÖL¨vZ
cwÎKvq AvZ¥cÖKvk Dcb¨vm cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q Jcb¨vwmK Pjw”PÎKvi †MŠZg †Nvl g‡bi gvbyl bv‡g †h Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY
wn‡m‡e Zuvi AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U mvwnZ¨RM‡Z| GKv Ges K‡i‡Qb, ZviB wcÖwgqvi †kv Dcj‡ÿ¨ Gevi Zuvi XvKv
K‡qKRb Zuvi Av‡iKwU wewkó Dcb¨vm| GKB bv‡g Zuvi AvMgb|
GKwU Kve¨MÖš’I i‡q‡Q| G Dcj‡ÿ XvKv¯’ fviZxq nvB Kwgkb MZ 29
†m‡Þ¤^i 2010 ¸jkv‡b Bw›`iv MvÜx mvs¯‹…wZK †K‡›`ª
GK Pv-P‡µi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| XvKvi Zver mybxj‡cÖgxmn
evsjv‡`‡k wbhy³ fviZxq nvB Kwgkbvi kªxivRxZ wgÎ †m
Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| kw³gvb G K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki m‡½
Zvi f³‡`i g‡bvÁ cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© mybxjRxe‡bi bvbvw`‡Ki
Dci †hgb Av‡jv c‡o, †Zgwb Zuvi nvjwd‡ji †jLv‡jwL
Kx fwel¨r cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqvi `yj©f my‡hvM
N‡U|
†QvU‡`i R‡b¨I mgvbZv‡j wj‡L P‡j‡Qb mybxj|
†QvU I wK‡kvi‡`i gn‡j Zvi RbwcÖqZv mxgvnxb, fsqKi
my›`i bv‡g GKwU wK‡kvi Dcb¨vm w`‡q Zvi wK‡kvi RM‡Z
c`vc©Y| Zvici †j‡Lb KvKvevey wmwiR| mybx‡ji KvKvevey
†gv‡UB AwZgvbe Kx A‡jŠwKK bb, i³gvs‡mi eyw×`xß
gvbyl whwb ïaygvÎ Dcw¯’Z eyw×i †Rv‡i bvbv Amva¨ mvab
K‡ib, eo eo wec` †_‡K gvbyl‡K D×vi K‡ib, KwVb
mgm¨vi inm¨‡f` K‡ib|
`yÕeviÑ 1972 I Õ89 mv‡j Avb›` cyi¯‹vi
†c‡qwQ‡jb mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, 1983 mv‡j cvb ew¼g
cyi¯‹vi| mvwnZ¨ GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi cvb 1985 mv‡j|
2002 mv‡j nb KjKvZvi †kwid| jvf K‡i‡Qb mi¯^Zx
m¤§vb| Zuvi GKvwaK Kvwnbx Pjw”PÎ, †eZvi I wUwf
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ c`©vq iƒcvwqZ I c„w_exi bvbv fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
Gg.G cvk Kivi ci wUDkwb w`‡q Kg©Rxeb ïiæ nq Zuvi| Zuvi Ai‡Y¨i w`bivwÎ-i Pjw”PÎiƒc †`b wek¦kÖæZ evOvwj
Zvici bvbv AwfÁZv| A‡a©K Rxeb Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK Pjw”PÎKvi mZ¨wRr ivq|
Dcb¨vm| KweZvi KvMR K…wËevm mgmvgwqK Kwe‡`i wecyj cvVKbw›`Z mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq G eQi 76-G
cÖavb gyLcÎ n‡q I‡V Zuvi my‡hvM¨ m¤úv`bvq| bxj‡jvwnZ cv ivL‡jb| kZel© hw` gvbeRxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK Avqy®‹vj
bv‡gI cÖvq Aa©kZ Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb mybxjÑ hvi bvqK nq, Z‡e GLbB evKx A‡a©K Rxe‡bi wmwKfvM wj‡L †djvi
bxj‡jvwn‡Zi eqm KLbI mvZvk AwZµg K‡i bv| mgq n‡q‡Q mybx‡jiÑ †mUv mybxj wb‡R wjL‡eb, bvwK Zvi eÜz
bxj‡jvwn‡Zi Dcb¨vmI mgwaK RbwcÖq| mbvZb cvVK, †ejvj †PŠayix, Avgiv A‡cÿvq iBjvg|

50
51