TLP:GREEN

Trends in
Artificial
Intelligence
Regulations,
Guidelines and
Policies
PwC Japan Group
April 2024

TLP:GREEN

Please understand that we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the

statements in this document regarding the interpretation of regulations and
guidelines, as this falls under the category of legal advice, which is the
practice of attorneys.
Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (Global)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Global ISO/IEC 42001:2023
International
Information technology — Provides requirements for establishing, implementing,
Organization for 23 December
Artificial intelligence — maintaining and continually improving an AI management Link
Standardization 2023
Management system system within the context of an organization.
(ISO)

This document describes the properties, related risk factors,

available methods and processes relating to:
ISO/IEC TR 5469:2024 International - use of AI inside a safety related function to realize the
Artificial intelligence : Organization for functionality;
January 2024 Link
Functional safety and AI Standardization - use of non-AI safety related functions to ensure safety for an
systems (ISO) AI controlled equipment;
- use of AI systems to design and develop safety related
functions.

Organization for
Explanatory Memorandum on Economic The memorandum provides that it expands on the definition of
the Updated OECD Definition Cooperation and an artificial intelligence (AI) system contained in the 2019 March 2024 Link
of an AI system Development OECD Recommendation on AI.
(OECD)

United The UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the

Nations promotion of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence
systems for sustainable development.
UN General
Resolution on AI systems The Resolution applies to AI systems that are in 'the non- March 2024 Link
Assembly
military domain, whose life cycle includes the stages: pre-
design, design, development, evaluation, testing, deployment,
use, sale, procurement, operation, and decommissioning.'

G7 Department of
The declaration outlines the G7's collective approach to
countrie Science Innovation
Declaration on the use of AI leveraging AI and other technologies to enhance productivity, March 2024 LInk
s and Technology
and innovation while promoting sustainable development.
(DSIT)

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 2

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (EU)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
EU The proposed Directive is a special provision on AI to the
proposed Product Liability Directive. Although the proposed
Product Liability Directive applies to AI systems, it introduces a
Artificial intelligence liability European presumption of causation in the burden of proof, as AI systems Proposed
Link
directive Commission are particularly difficult and expensive to prove their defects and September 2022
causation. Furthermore, the proposed AI Regulatory
Framework Regulations provide for a request for disclosure of
information against developers of high-risk AI systems.

The Parliament confirmed that the AI Act is still subject to a final

lawyer-linguist check and is expected to be finally adopted
European before the end of the legislature (through the so-called Adopted in March
AI Act Link
Commission corrigendum procedure). The AI Act also needs to be formally 2024
endorsed by the Council of the European Union. The AI Act will
be fully applicable 24 months after entry into force.

It describes a policy for the EU to gain a position in the field of

AI Guidelines (Artificial European AI in the context of international competition. In addition,
April 2018 Link
Intelligence for Europe) Commission guidelines are developed for an appropriate ethical and legal
framework.

Draft Framework Convention Council of Europe

on Artificial Intelligence, (CoE) Committee The draft Framework outlines common principles that parties
Draft Link
Human Rights, Democracy on Artificial must implement, including adopting or maintaining measures
and the Rule of Law Intelligence (CAI)

The guidelines offer guidance to researchers, research

Living guidelines on the
European organizations, and research funders to ensure principles of
responsible use of generative March 2024 Link
Commission research integrity and transparency when using generative
AI in research
artificial intelligence (AI).

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 3

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (EU)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
France The recommendations provide legal and technical explanations
between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and
AI. These include:
Recommendations on the French data determining the applicable legal regime; defining a purpose of
development of artificial protection authority processing; the legal qualification of AI system providers (e.g., April 2024 Link
intelligence (AI) systems (CNIL) controller, processor, sub-processor); the legal basis of
processing; carrying out tests and verification; carrying out an
impact assessment; data protection in system design; and
data protection in data collection and management.

Sweden The Guidance consists of two parts, a technical part and a legal
part, which the IMY intends to update on an ongoing basis. The
Guidance on the General technical part titled 'Technical description of AI' discusses the
Swedish Authority
Data Protection Regulation technical aspects of AI, including explanations of the terms
for Privacy February 2024 Link
(GDPR) and Artificial 'AI,' 'machine learning,' and 'deep learning,' as well as insights
Protection (IMY)
Intelligence (AI) on different AI training methods. The legal part, titled 'GDPR
and AI' discusses how to determine when the GDPR is
applicable in the development or use of AI.

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 4

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (UK)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
UK ICO
AI and data protection risk (Information
It is intended to be about AI and data protection. May 2022 Link
toolkit Commissioner’s
Office)

The consultation aims to examine how aspects of data

ICO protection law should apply to the development and use of the
ICO consultation series on
(Information technology. The ICO is seeking views from a range of 15 January 2024
generative AI and data Link
Commissioner’s stakeholders, including developers and users of generative AI, till 1 March 2024
protection
Office) legal advisors and consultants working in this area, civil society
groups and other public bodies with an interest in generative AI.

The Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC

BS ISO/IEC 42001:2023 - 42001:2023. In particular, the Standard is intended to assist
Information Technology - British Standards organizations in responsibly using artificial intelligence (AI),
16 January 2024 Link
Artificial Intelligence - Institution (BSI) addressing considerations like non-transparent automatic
Management System decision-making, the utilization of machine learning instead of
human-coded logic for system design, and continuous learning.

The Bill passed its second reading in the House of Lords. While
Artificial Intelligence Under discussion
UK Parliament the Committee stage is anticipated to follow, an official Link
(Regulation) Bill in Parliament
schedule for this stage is yet to be determined.

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 5

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US Adversarial Machine
NIST AI 100-2 E2023 report is part of NIST's efforts to support
Learning: A Taxonomy and
NIST the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) and is January 2024 Link
Terminology of Attacks and
meant to assist with NIST's AI Risk Management Framework.
Mitigations
Artificial Intelligence Risk Practical responses according to risk classifications based on a
Management Framework NIST risk-based approach and non-regulatory guidance, i.e., soft law January 2023 Link
(AI RMF 1.0) guidance strategies
Blueprint for an AI Bill of Five principles including safety, unbiased algorithms, privacy
White House October 2022 Link
Rights protection, notice and explanation, and human supervision
Aiming for truth, fairness, and
Federal Trade Suggests application of FTC laws to prejudicial algorithms (e.g.,
equity in your company’s use April 2021 Link
Commission (FTC) racial discrimination, etc.)
of AI
Provides for a coordinated program across the entire Federal
National AI Initiative Act of National AI Initiative
government to accelerate AI research and application for the January 2021 Link
2020 Office
Nation’s economic prosperity and national security.
Guidance for Regulation of Office of
Artificial Intelligence Management and Define 10 principles for proper oversight of AI applications November 2020 Link
Applications Budget (OMB)
This is an ethics guide for U.S. Intelligence Community
employees on how to procure, design, build, use, protect,
AI ethics framework and AI Office of the
consume, and manage AI and related data. Answering these
principles of ethics for the Director of National June 2020 Link
questions, along with agency-specific procedures and practices,
intelligence community Intelligence
is intended to promote the ethical design of AI consistent with
the AI Ethical Principles of the Intelligence Community.
DOD Adopts Ethical
US Department of Requires government contractors to adhere to ethical principles,
Principles for Artificial February 2020 Link
Defense increasing transparency, etc.
Intelligence
Aims to promote AI industry development, AI skills training,
Executive Order 13859 White House February 2019 Link
reliable AI, and an international environment that supports AI.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US This plan defines the major research challenges in AI to
Select committee
National artificial intelligence coordinate and focus federal R&D investments. It follows
on AI of the
research and development national AI R&D strategic plans issued in 2016 and 2019,
National Science May 2023 Link
strategic plan reaffirms eight strategies and adds a ninth to underscore a
and Technology
2023 Update principled and coordinated approach to international
council
collaboration in AI research.
The bipartisan framework is said to be a comprehensive
legislative blueprint for real and enforceable artificial intelligence
(AI) protections.
It will establish a licensing regime administered by an
Bipartisan framework for the Government of the independent oversight body for companies developing
Under Discussion Link
US AI Act US sophisticated general-purpose high-risk AI models. In particular,
in Parliament
the licensing requirements would include registration of
information about the AI models and would be conditioned on
developers maintaining risk management, data governance, and
incident reporting.
The Act aims to set best practices in place to educate those
Government of the
AI Training Act tasked with procurement, logistics, project management, etc., October 2022 Link
US
about AI, its uses, risks, and key considerations among others.
The Act will create a blue-ribbon commission to ensure that,
through regulation, the United States mitigates the risks and
Government of the
National AI Commission Act possible harms posed by AI and takes a leading role in Proposed Link
US
establishing necessary, long-term guardrails to secure AI’s
alignment with the country's values.
The bill requires the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
to issue guidance requiring agencies to incorporate the National
Bill on Federal Artificial Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) AI Risk Introduced to
Government of the
Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) into their artificial intelligence parliament on 10 Link
US
Management Act (AI) risk management efforts. The bill also requires the OMB to January 2024
establish a workforce initiative that enables agencies access to
diverse expertise.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US The bill calls on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), in
consultation with the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), the Copyright Office, and the Office of
Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to set transparency
standards for foundation model deployers, by asking foundation Introduced to
AI Foundational Model Government of the
model deployers to make information publicly available. Such Congress in Link
Transparency Act US
standards would be published nine months from the entrance December 2023
into effect of the bill. In addition, the bill calls for companies to
provide consumers and the FTC with information on the model's
training data, model training mechanisms, and whether user
data is collected in inference.

The bill would apply to federal agencies and aims to mitigate

Bill No. 3205
Homeland Security risks associated with AI in government functions, aligning with Introduced to
Federal Artificial Intelligence
and Governmental the private sector's best practices. It requires NIST to issue Congress in Link
Risk Management Act of
Affairs guidelines for agencies to incorporate the framework into their November 2023
2023
AI risk management efforts

With safety and responsibility as cornerstones of the order, the

Executive Order directs government departments and agencies
to inform important efforts related to AI. Additionally, the order
Executive Order 14110 on the provides a wide range of new opportunities for input from the
Safe, Secure, and private sector, academia and civil society. Guided by eight
Trustworthy Development White House policies and principles, which serve as direction for the 30 October 2023 Link
and Use of Artificial administration's approach to the governance of AI, much of the
Intelligence order requires additional implementation. However, there is a
clear sense of urgency, with deadlines ranging from 45-375
days for a wide range of projects from public consultations to
new regulations.

The bill to require companies to receive consent from

Government of the Introduced in
Bill for the AI Consent Act consumers having their data used to train an artificial Link
US Parliament
intelligence system to the U.S. House of Representatives.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US – SB 1103 Department of
SB 1103 establishes an Office of Artificial Intelligence as well as
Connecti Act concerning artificial Administrative
a task force to study AI and develop an AI bill of rights. It also Partially Effective
cut State intelligence, automated Services;
requires the Department of Administrative Services to inventory from July 2023
Link
decision-making and personal The Office of Policy
AI systems in use by any state agency by 31 December 2023.
data privacy and Management

US – Bill S.31
Massach An Act drafted with the help
usetts of ChatGPT to regulate
On December 28, 2023, Bill S. 31, which was introduced by to
generative artificial
the Massachusetts Senate on February 2023, was accompanied
intelligence models like Commonwealth of Introduced to Link 1
by Bill S.2539 for an Act relative to cybersecurity and artificial
ChatGPT Massachusetts Senate in
intelligence.
December 2023 Link 2
The bills would impose certain operating standards for
Bill S.2539
companies operating a large-scale generative AI models.
An Act relative to
cybersecurity and artificial
intelligence.

US – House Bill 1951

The Bill provides that by January 1, 2025, and annually
Scheduled for
Washing Act promoting ethical artificial public hearing in
Washington House thereafter, organizations must complete and document an
ton intelligence by protecting the House Link
of Representatives impact assessment for any automated decision tools (ADTs) the
against algorithmic Committee on 19
deployer uses
discrimination. January 2024

US- Senate Bill 150 for Artificial The Act provides for the creation of an artificial intelligence (AI) 1 July 2024
Indiana Intelligence and task force, the adoption of cybersecurity and related policies in
Indiana Senate Link
Cybersecurity the public sector, and the requirement for an AI inventory in the
public sector.

US- Senate Bill 149 for the The bill provides for establishing administrative controls and 1 May 2024
Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Utah Legislature policy development relating to artificial intelligence (AI), including Link
Act the formation of an Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy (OAIP).

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 9

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US- Ensuring Likeness Voice and The law replaces the state’s old right of publicity law, which only March 2024
Tennesse Image Security (ELVIS) Act included explicit protections for one’s “name, photograph, or
Tennessee Senate Link
e likeness,” expanding protections to include voice- and AI specific
concerns

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 10

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines
(North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Canada The Artificial Intelligence and Data Act aims to protect
individuals against a range of serious risks associated with the
Artificial Intelligence and Data Government of Proposed June
use of artificial intelligence systems, including risks of physical Link
Act (AIDA) Canada 2022
or psychological harm or biased output with adverse impacts on
individuals.

Canadian Guardrails for Public

Government of The public consultation resulted in publication of Voluntary code
Generative AI – Code of consultation Link
Canada of conduct described below.
Practice closed

Voluntary code of conduct The code identifies measures that should be applied in advance
relating to advanced Government of of binding regulation pursuant to the Artificial Intelligence and
September 2023 Link
generative AI systems Canada Data Act by all firms developing or managing the operations of a
generative AI system

The directive applies to all automated decision systems

developed or procured after April 1, 2020. Its objective is to
ensure that automated decision systems are deployed in a
Directive on Automated Government of Effective 1 April
manner that reduces risks to clients, federal institutions and Link
Decision-Making Canada 2019
Canadian society, and leads to more efficient, accurate,
consistent and interpretable decisions made pursuant to
Canadian law.

This document provides preliminary guidance to federal

institutions on their use of generative AI tools. It provides an
Guide on the use of Government of
overview of generative AI, identifies challenges and concerns 6 September 2023 Link
Generative AI Canada
relating to its use, puts forward principles for using it
responsibly, and offers policy considerations and best practices.

PwC Gray Cell: Failed/ Canceled/ Changed to different initiative 11

Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Japan Japan Deep
Generation AI usage It is a template for Generation AI usage so that organizations
Learning May 2023 Link
guidelines considering the use of generative AI can implement it smoothly.
Association (JDLA)

The purpose of the strategy is to present a comprehensive

policy package on AI that will contribute to solving global-scale
AI Strategy 2022 Cabinet Office issues through the realization of Society 5.0, as well as to April 2022 Link
overcome Japan's own social challenges and improve its
industrial competitiveness.

The guidelines present action targets to be implemented by an

Governance Guidelines for Ministry of Economy,
AI company, with the aim of supporting the implementation of
Implementation of AI Trade and Industry January 2022 Link
the AI principles that is required for the facilitation of deployment
Principles (METI)
of AI.

Aims to address social issues and economic development using

Social Principles of Human- AI, and to revitalize its society and economy, to be an
Cabinet Office December 2018 Link
Centric AI internationally attractive society, and to contribute to the SDGs
on a global scale.

The guidelines aim to promote the safe and secure use of AI by

providing unified guidelines for AI governance in Japan, and co-
creating a framework that both promotes innovation and
Japanese
AI Business Guidelines mitigates chain risks. The guidelines are aimed at a variety of 21 December,
government's AI Link
(Draft) organizations that utilize AI, including not only companies but 2023
Strategy Council
also public institutions such as national and local governments,
educational institutions such as universities, and organizations
such as NPOs and NGOs.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
China Provisions for privacy protection, data legitimacy, and the
Internet Information Services National Internet
presentation of the use of depth synthesis algorithms with
Depth Synthesis Algorithm Information Office November 2022 Link
prominent signage in reasonable locations in the content to be
Management Rules (CAC)
generated or edited.

Internet Information Service National Internet

Regulations on recommendation algorithms, including a
Algorithm Recommendation Information Office January 2022 Link
notification system to ensure transparency.
Management Rules (CAC)

The Measures apply to the use of generative artificial

intelligence (AI) technology to provide services for generating
text, pictures, audio, video, and other content to the public within
Interim Measures for the Cyberspace China. However, industry organizations, enterprises,
Management of Generative Administration of educational and scientific research institutions, public cultural 15 August, 2023 Link
Artificial Intelligence Services China (CAC) institutions, and relevant professional institutions that develop
and apply generative AI technology, but do not provide
generative AI services to the domestic public, are not subject to
the Measures.

On October 18, 2023, CAC released a statement proposing a

Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative. The main
Cyberspace
Global Artificial Intelligence recommendation include the gradual establishment and
Administration of Proposed Link
(AI) Governance Initiative improvement of laws and regulations to ensure privacy and data
China (CAC)
security in the research and development and the application of
AI.

Taiwan The guidelines:

- provide general provisions such as AI-related definitions, AI
system life cycle, risk assessment framework, risk-based
Financial implementation of core principles, supervision and management
Draft Guidelines for the use of Draft under public
Supervisory of third-party operators; and Link
AI in the financial industry consultation
Commission (FSC) - explain key points that the financial industry should focus on,
the measures that can be taken based on the AI ​life cycle and
the risk assessments to be undertaken when implementing the
six core principles.
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Orange Text: Updates since February 2024
Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
India The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure ethical conduct
Ethical guidelines for and address emerging ethical challenges in the field of Artificial
Indian Council of
application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in biomedical research and healthcare. These
Medical Research March 2023 Link
Intelligence in biomedical guidelines are also meant to provide a framework for ethical
(ICMR)
research and healthcare decision-making in medical AI during the development,
deployment, and adoption of AI-based solutions.

Vietnam The draft Standard on artificial intelligence (AI) is separated into

two documents on Artificial Intelligence Lifecycle Process and
Ministry of
Requirements, namely one on quality and another on Link 1
Information and
Draft AI and big data standard robustness. It details the aim to establish quality assurance and Under discussion
Communication
transparency of AI modules, proposing quality requirements for Link 2
(MIC)
the safety, privacy, and ethics of AI.
MIC requested public comments on the draft until 20 June 2023.

New Algorithm Charter classifies algorithms into 3 risk levels. The

Zealand charter must be applied to algorithms deployed by the New
Algorithm charter for Aotearoa Government of New
Zealand Government and requirements apply for transparency, July 2020 Link
New Zealand Zealand
consultation, data quality, privacy, ethics, human rights and
human oversight.

Thailand The Guideline was developed to ensure the development and

use of AI technology in Thailand aligns with economic goals and
Ministry of digital
Digital Thailand - AI ethics is compliant with law and international standards. The Guideline
economy and October 2019 Link
guideline establishes principles and expectations for different actors
society
(regulators, developers, manufacturers, end users) and
provides a basis for procurement-based risk management.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Singapo
Proposed advisory guidelines
re Personal Data The focus is to clarify how the PDPA applies to the collection Public
on use of personal data in AI
Protection and use of personal data by organizations to develop and consultation Link
recommendation and decision
Commission deploy systems that embed machine learning (ML) models. concluded
systems

A.I. Verify - AI Governance Infocomm Media Touted as the world’s first AI Governance Testing Framework
Testing Framework and Development and Toolkit for companies who want to demonstrate responsible May 2022 Link
Toolkit Authority AI in an objective and verifiable manner.

The Veritas is part of Singapore National AI Strategy. It aims to

enable financial institutions to evaluate their AIDA-driven
solutions against the principles of fairness, ethics, accountability
Monetary Authority
Veritas Initiative and transparency (FEAT) to strengthen internal governance March 2021 Link
of Singapore
around the application of AI and the management and use of
data. Veritas is a multi-phased collaborative project with
financial industry. The project is in its second phase.

Smart Nation and

Digital Government
Group;
The Model Framework focuses primarily on four broad areas:
Infocomm Media
Model Artificial Intelligence internal governance structures and measures, human
Development January 2020 Link
Governance Framework involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, operations
Authority;
management and stakeholder interaction and communication.
Personal Data
Protection
Commission

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Indonesi The Circular contains three policies, namely ethical values,
Ministry of
a Circular Number 9 of 2023 implementation of ethical values, and responsibility in the use
Communication and Signed in
concerning the Ethics of and development of artificial intelligence (AI). More specifically, Link
Information December 2023
Artificial Intelligence Kominfo stated that the Circular will apply to businesses in AI-
(Kominfo)
based programming activities in the public and private sectors.

South Science, ICT,

This AI Act is designed not only to support AI industry and
Korea Broadcasting and
Act on Promotion of AI relevant technology but also to protect users of AI-based
Communications
Industry and Framework for services by ensuring trustworthiness of the AI systems through, Under Discussion Link
Committee of
Establishing Trustworthy AI for example, more stringent notice requirements for high-risk AI
Korean National
services and certification systems for AI trustworthiness.
Assembly

The Digital Bill of Rights is a charter codifying standards and

principles outlining the basic direction for universal digital order
for guiding the international community. The Ministry outlined Introduced to
Ministry of Science
Digital bill of rights that the Digital Bill of Rights consists of a preamble laying out cabinet in October Link
and ICT
the background and objectives of the document, and the main 2023
text is formed by a total of six chapters, which contain 28
articles.

The task force will serve as a focal point for communication and
Personal cooperation between the government and the private sector in
Information the field of privacy in AI. Additionally, the task force will provide Launched in
AI privacy task force Link
Protection interpretation of personal information protection laws for October 2023
Commission individual cases in the rapidly changing AI environment, and
aim to resolve uncertainty by presenting specific standards.

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Trends in AI regulations / guidelines (Others)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Brazil The comprehensive bill emphasizes human rights and creates a
Ministry of Science, civil liability regime for AI developers. Among others , The
Technology and proposed Bill would establish a regulatory body to enforce
Innovation; the law and create civil liability for AI providers etc.
National Data
AI Bill Under discussion Link
Protection Authority On October 24, 2023, the Brazilian data protection authority
(Autoridade (ANPD) published its technical note No. 16. The ANPD
Nacional de proposed legislative changes to the bill on matters of
Proteção de Dados) supervision and inspection

Saudi The guide includes a comprehensive review of its components,

Arabia use cases, benefits, adoption methods, and impact on various
Saudi Data & AI
Guide on generative AI digital applications and vital sector services. This initiative is December 2023 Link
Authority (SDAIA)
aimed at raising awareness about the significance of generative
AI

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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (EU)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
EU Mind the Gap in
European Union ENISA published this assessment of standards for the
Standardization of
Agency for Cyber cybersecurity of AI and issues recommendations to support the April 2023 Link
Cybersecurity for Artificial
Security (ENISA) implementation of upcoming EU policies on AI.
Intelligence

France In the action plan, CNIL highlighted previous measures taken

concerning the ethical issues of algorithms and AI, but detailed
French data
that generative AI specifically, through large language models
AI action plan protection authority May 2023 Link
(LLMs), has developed rapidly and that the understanding of
(CNIL)
their functioning, possibilities, and limits, as well as legal,
ethical, and technical issues are subject to debate.

UK
Centre for Data The portfolio features a range of case studies illustrating
Portfolio of AI Assurance
Ethics and various AI assurance techniques being used in the real-world to June 2023 Link
techniques
Innovation support the development of trustworthy AI.

This white paper aims to guide the use of artificial intelligence in

Secretary of State the UK, to drive responsible innovation and maintain public trust March 2023
Link
A pro-innovation approach to for Science, in AI.
AI regulation Innovation and It sets out new approach to regulating AI to build public trust in Updated Aug
Link
Technology cutting-edge technologies and make it easier for businesses to 2023
innovate, grow and create jobs.

Germany DKE German

Commission for The Roadmap is part of the German government's AI Strategy.
Second edition of the
Electrical, Electronic This forms the basis to establish "Artificial Intelligence made in
German Standardization December 2022 Link
& Information Germany" as a globally recognized seal of approval for
Roadmap AI
Technologies of DIN trustworthy technology.
and VDE

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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
US In particular, the report defines generative artificial intelligence
(AI) as a type of AI that can generate new content, such as text,
Generative Artificial Congressional
images, and videos, through learning patterns from pre-existing
Intelligence and Data Privacy: Research Service May 2023 Link
data. Accordingly, the report focuses on privacy issues
A Primer (CRS)
stemming from generative AI and policy considerations for the
U.S. Congress.

This report aims to develop a vision and implementation plan

Strengthening and National Artificial
for establishing the National Artificial Intelligence Research
democratizing the U.S. Intelligence
Resource (NAIRR) and achieve its objective to strengthen and January 2023 Link
artificial intelligence research resource
democratize the U.S. AI innovation ecosystem in a way that
innovation ecosystem task force
protects privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties.

The voluntary commitment emphasizes that companies

Voluntary Commitments from developing pioneering AI technologies have an obligation to act
Leading AI Companies to responsibly and ensure the safety of their products, and
The White House July 2023 Link
Manage the Risks Posed by requires compliance. The Commitment emphasizes three
AI principles fundamental to the future of AI: safety, security, and
trust.

Office of Management and The Memorandum follows the issuance of the Executive Order
Budget Memorandum for the on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI (EO). More specifically,
Heads of Executive the Memorandum establishes new agency requirements and
The White House March 2024 Link
Departments and Agencies guidance for AI governance, innovation, and risk management,
on mitigating the risks of including risk management practices for uses of AI that impact
artificial intelligence the rights and safety of the public.

National The Report provides recommendations to ensure that relevant

Telecommunication actors be accountable in the development and deployment of
AI Accountability Policy
s and Information AI systems. The Report provides recommendations for AI March 2024 Link
Report
Administration accountability in three areas, guidance, support, and regulatory
(NTIA) requirements.

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 19

(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (North America)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Canada Principles for responsible, The principles are intended to help organizations developing,
Office of the Privacy
trustworthy and privacy- providing, or using generative AI. They focus on privacy
Commissioner 7 December 2023 Link
protective legislation and regulation, and how they may apply to
(OPC)
generative AI technologies organizations.

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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Singapo In particular, the paper highlights the risk of generative artificial
Generative AI: Implications for Infocommunications
re intelligence (AI) models making mistakes, including
Trust and Governance Media Development June 2023 Link
'hallucinations,' ranging from erroneous responses to generated
(Discussion paper) Authority (IMDA)
software that is susceptible to vulnerabilities.

Australi The discussion paper focuses on governance mechanisms to

a ensure AI is developed and used safely and responsibly in
Department of
Safe and responsible AI in Australia. These mechanisms can include regulations,
Industry, Science June 2023 Link
Australia (Discussion Paper) standards, tools, frameworks, principles and business practices.
and Resources
The paper is open for public comments on actions that can be
taken across the economy on AI regulation and governance.

India MeitY issued an advisory to all intermediaries, ensuring

compliance with the existing IT rules. The directive specifically
Ministry of
Advisory on misinformation targets the growing concerns around misinformation powered
Electronics and
powered by artificial by AI – Deepfakes. The advisory emphasizes that digital December 2023 Link
Information
intelligence (AI) deepfakes intermediaries must ensure users are informed about penal
Technology (MeitY)
provisions, including those in the IPC and the IT Act 2000, in
case of Rule 3(1)(b) violations.

The advisory calls upon industry players to reinforce

mechanisms to ensure that no illegal or wrongful content is
Ministry of
displayed/hosted on the platform, and promptly detect and Not
Electronics and
Advisory on AI address any instances that are likely to culminate in bias, March 2024 availabl
Information
discrimination, or threat to the electoral process through the use e
Technology (MeitY)
of AI tools.
The advisory is not yet available on the MeitY's website.

PwC Orange Text: Updates since February 2024 21

(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (APAC)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
South The task force will serve as a focal point for communication and
Personal
Korea cooperation between the government and the private sector in
Information
the field of privacy in AI. Additionally, the task force will provide Launched in
AI privacy task force Protection Link
interpretation of personal information protection laws for October 2023
Commission
individual cases in the rapidly changing AI environment, and
(PIPC)
aim to resolve uncertainty by presenting specific standards.

China The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) released a

statement proposing a Global Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Office of Central
Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative. The main recommendation include the Proposed on 18
Cyber Space Affairs Link
(AI) Governance Initiative gradual establishment and improvement of laws and regulations October 2023
Comimission
to ensure privacy and data security in the research and
development and the application of AI.

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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (Others)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Israel Ministry of
Innovation, Science
Policy for regulation and The policy aims to form a uniform risk management tool,
and Technology,
ethics in the field of artificial establish a governmental knowledge and coordination center, Published in
and the Consulting Link
intelligence and maintain involvement in international regulation and December 2023
and Legislation
standardization.
Department at the
Ministry of Justice

United The Artificial Intelligence Program is a specialized training

Minister of AI,
Arab program managed by National Program for Artificial Intelligence
Digital Economy
Emirates in the United Arab Emirates and facilitated by the University of
and Remote Work
Oxford. This program introduces participants to Artificial
National Program for AI Applications Office; 2022 Link
Intelligence, the challenges and opportunities it represents, the
AI and Blockchain
security and ethical risks connected with its adoption, and how
Council
to successfully make use of the tools it offers in a modern
UAE Data Office
organization.

Saudi Saudi Data and AI

Arabia Authority;
National Data
The primary legislative agenda is to enact a welcoming, flexible
Management Office;
Data and AI Strategy and stable regulatory framework, including incentive schemes, October 2020 Link
Ministry of
to attract AI companies, investors and talents.
Communications
and Information
Technology

Argentin The program's general objective is to promote processes of

a analysis, regulation and strengthening of state capacities
Resolution No. 161/23 necessary to follow the development and use of AI in both the
Agency for Access Sep 2023
Transparency and Protection public and private sectors.
to Public Published in the Link
of Personal Data Program in The program includes three certain components and activities:
Information (AAIP) Official Gazette
the use of Artificial Intelligence an Observatory on AI, governance and social participation and
strengthened capacities of transparency and protection of
personal data in the use of AI.
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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (Others)
Country
Name of law / Enforcement /
/ Enacting body Outlook Link
regulation / guideline revision date
region
Banglad Department of
The draft policy lays down the objectives, artificial intelligence
esh Information and
National Artificial Intelligence (AI) principles, AI policy implementation approaches, key
Communication March 2024 Link
Policy 2024 (Draft) sectors for AI development, challenges and mitigation
Technology (ICT
approaches, and policy review.
Department)

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(Reference) Policy Trends on AI (Global)
Country/ Name of law / Enforcement /
Enacting body Outlook Link
region regulation / guideline revision date

EU-US For this preliminary taxonomy list, a total number of 65 terms

were identified with reference to key documents from the EU
EU-U.S. Terminology and and the U.S. The identified terms reflect a shared technical,
European
Taxonomy for Artificial socio-technical and values-based understanding of AI systems May 2023 Link
Commission
Intelligence between the EU and U.S. and will serve as a foundation for
future definitions, as well as future transatlantic cooperation on
AI terminology and taxonomy.

United United Nations UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial

Nations Educational, Intelligence is the first global framework for the ethical use of
(UN) Scientific and artificial intelligence. It guides countries on how to maximize the
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence November 2021 Link
Cultural benefits of AI and reduce the risks it entails. It has been
Organization adopted unanimously by the 193 member states of the
(UNISCO) organization.

BSA

Confronting Bias: BSA’s The framework details how organizations can perform impact
BSA | The Software
Framework to Build Trust in assessments to identify and then mitigate risks of bias that may June 2021 Link
Alliance
AI emerge throughout an AI system’s lifecycle.

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