09CS102 PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

(Common to all Engineering and Technology branches)

Simple programs using decision making and branching

1.Program to find biggest of three numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the three numbers\n”);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);
printf(“the greatest number is\n”);
if((a>b)&&(a>c))
printf(“a is greatest %d”,a);
else if(b>c)
printf(“b is greatest %d”,b);
else
printf(“c is greatest %d”,c);
getch();
}

2.Design of simple menu driven calculator

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,ch;
clrscr();
printf(“\n1.add\n2.subtract\n3.multiply\n4.division\n5.remainder\n);
printf(“\nenter your choice\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&ch);
switch(ch)
{
Case 1:
printf(“\nenter values of a and b\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
c=a+b;

1
printf(“\nthe answer is %d”,c);
break;
case 2:
printf(“\nenter values of a and b\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
c=a-b;
printf(“\nthe answer is %d”,c);
break;
case 3:
printf(“\nenter values of a and b\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
c=a*b;
printf(“\nthe answer is %d”,c);
break;
case 4:
printf(“\nenter values of a and b\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
c=a/b;
printf(“\nthe answer is %d”,c);
break;
case 5:
printf(“\nenter values of a and b\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
c=a%b;
printf(“\nthe answer is %d”,c);
break;
default:
printf(“\nenter the correct choice”);
break;
}
getch();
}

3.Program to find the roots of the quadratic equation

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{

2
int a,b,c,d;
float x1,x2;
clrscr();
printf(“\nenter the values of a,b,c\n”);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);
d=b*b-4*a*c;
if(d==0)
{
printf(“\nthe roots are real and equal”);
x1=-b/(2*a);
printf(“%f\n”,x1);
}
else if(d<0)
{
printf(“\nthe roots are imaginary\n”);
x1=-b/(2*a);
x2=sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
printf(“%2f+i%2f\n”,x1,x2);
printf(“%2f-i%2f\n”,x1,x2);
}
else
{
printf(“\n the roots are real and distinct”);
x1=-b+sqrt(d)/(2*a);
x2=-b-sqrt(d)/(2*a);
printf(“\n%f\n%f”,x1,x2);
}
getch();
}

4.Program to convert the given decimal number to binary

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int no,r,sum=0,i=0;
clrscr();
printf(“\nenter the number\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&no);

3
 while(no>0)
{
r=no%2;
sum=sum+pow(10,i)*r;
no=no/2;
i++;
}
printf(“\nthe binary value is %d”,sum);
getch();
}

5.Program to print the prime numbers between 100 to 500

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j;
clrscr();
printf(“the prime numbers are:\n”);
for(i=100;i<=500;i++)
{
for(j=2;j<i;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
break;
}
if(i==j)
printf(“%d\t”,i);
}
getch();
}

6.Program to print the electricity bill in a specified format applying specified

Rules
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float r,a=2.5,b=3.5,c=1.5;
clrscr();

4
 printf(“enter the readings\n”);
scanf(“%f”,&r);
if(r>=200)
printf(“rupees=%f”,r*b);
else if((r>=100)&&(r<200))
printf(“rupees=%f”,r*a);
else
printf(“rupees=%f”,r*c);
getch();
}

Programs using arrays:

7.Program to find the biggest number in the array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5],max,i;
clrscr();
printf(“enter elements for the array\n”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
max=a[0];
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
if(max<a[i])
max=a[i];
}
printf(“the maximum value is%d”,max);
getch();
}

8.Menu driven program to insert and delete a specified element from the array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int int,ch,a[15],x,val;
clrscr();

5
printf(“enter the no of values to be done:”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf(“enter the values”);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
For(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(“\n1.INSERT\n2.DELETE”);
printf(“enter your choice”);
scanf(“%d”,&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case1:
printf(“the position to be inserted:”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
print(“the value to be insereted:”);
scanf(“%d”,&val);
for(i=n-1;i>=x-1;i--)
a[i+1]=a[i];
a[x-1]=val;
n++;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“%d”,a[i]);
}
break;
case2:
printf(“enter the position of deletion:”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
for(i=x-1;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=a[i+1];
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
printf(“%d”,a[i]);
}
break;
default:

6
printf(“invalid choice”);
}
getch();
}

9.Program to arranged the elements of the array in ascending order

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num[20],j,k,n,s=0;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the number of elements\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf(“enter the elements of array\n”);
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&num[j]);
s=s+num[j];
}
for(k=0;k<s;k++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(num[j]==k)
printf(“%d”,num[j]);
}
}
getch();
}

10.Program to merge given two one dimensional arrays and to remove the
duplicates
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int j,h=0,k=0;
int x[4]={1,2,3,4};

7
int y[4]={5,6,7,8};
int z[8];
clrscr();
printf(“array x:\n”);
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
printf(“%d”,x[j]);
printf(“array y:\n”);
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
printf(“%d”,y[j]);
j=0;
while(j<8)
{
if(j%2==0)
z[j]=x[k++];
else
z[j]=y[h++];
j++;
}
printf(“array z:\n”);
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
printf(“%d”,z[j]);
getch();
}

11.Program for multiplication of two matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],r1,r2,c1,c2,i,j,k;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the no.of rows and columns for 1st matrix:\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&r1,&c1);
printf(“enter the values of 1st matrix:\n”);
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}

8
 printf(“enter the no.of rows and columns for 2nd matrix:\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&r2,&c2);
printf(“enter the values of 2nd matrix:\n”);
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
}
if(c1==r2)
{
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]+b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf(“resultant matrix is:\n”);
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf(“%d\t”,c[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
else
printf(“the matrix are not multiplied”);
getch();
}

String manipulations

12.Program to check whether the given string is a palindrome or not without

Reversing

9
 #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int m,flag=0,l,I;
char a[30];
printf(“\nenter the strings”);
scanf(“%s”,&a);
l=strlen(a);
m=l-1;
for(i=0;i<l/2;i++)
{
if(a[i]!=a[m])
{
flag=1;
break;
}
m--;
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf(“\ngiven string is palindrome ”);

}
else
{
printf(“\ngiven string is not a palindrome ”);
}
getch();
}

13.Program to find the occurrence of a substring in a main string and

replace the substring by another string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[50],str1[15],str2[15],temp[50];

10
char *ptr;
int cnt;
clrscr();
printf(“enter a line of text..... \n”);
gets(str);
printf(“enter the string to be replaced... \n”);
gets(str1);
printf(“enter the replacing string...”);
gets(str2);
printf(“\n the replaced line of the text....”);
while(1)
{
ptr=strstr(str,str1);
if(ptr==’\0’)
break;
cnt=ptr-str;
strncpy(temp,str,cnt);
temp[cnt]=’10’;
strcat(temp,str+cnt+strlen(srt1));
strcpy(str1,temp);
puts(str);
}
getch();
}

14.Arranging the list of names in alphabetical order

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;
char str[20][20],str1[20][20];
clrscr();
printf(“enter the number of strings:\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“\nenter str[%d]”,i+1);

11
 scanf(“%s”,&str[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
x=strcmp(str[i],str[j])
if(x>0)
{
strcpy(str[1],str[j]);
strcpy(str[j],str[i]);
strcpy(str[i],str[1]);
}
}
}
printf(“\nthe sorted strings in ascending order is\n”);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“\n%s”,str[i]);
}
getch();
}

15.Program to count the number of occurrences of vowels, consonants,

words,white spaces and special characters in the given statement

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[50];
int i=0,count=0,whitespace=0,consonants=0,specialchar=0;
printf(“enter a string”);
gets(str);
while(str[i]!=’\0’)
{
if(str[i]=’A’||str[i]=’E’||str[i]=’I’||str[i]=’O’||str[i]=’U’||
str[i]=’a’||str[i]=’e’||str[i]=’i’||str[i]=’o’||str[i]=’u’)
count++;

12
 if(str[i]=’ ‘ )
whitespace++;
if(str[i]=’!’||str[i]=’@’||str[i]=’#’||str[i]=’$’||str[i]=’%’|| str[i]=’^’||str[i]=’&’||
str[i]=’*’||str[i]=’+’||str[i]=’-’)
specialchar++;
else
consonants++;
i++;
}
printf(“\n nos of vowels=%d\n nos of consonants=%d\n nos of whitespace=%d nos
of special characters=%d”,count,consonants,whitespace,specialchar);
getch();
return 0;
}

Functions

16. Program to swap the contents of two variables using functions (Pass
by address and pass by reference)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int swapval(int,int);
int swapref(int*,int*);
int a,b;
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“enter the two values\n”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
printf(“pass by value\n”);
printf(“before function call a=%d b=%d “,a,b);
swapval(a,b);
printf(“after function swapval a=%d b=%d “,a,b);
printf(“pass by reference\n”);
printf(“before function call a=%d b=%d “,a,b);
swapref(&a,&b);
printf(“after function swapref a=%d b=%d “,a,b);
getch();
}
swapval(int x,int y)

13
 {
int t;
t=x;
x=y;
y=t;
printf(“\nwith swap val x=%d y=%d”,x,y);
}
swapref(int*x,int*y)
{
int *t;
*t=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=*t;
printf(“\nwith swapref x=%d y=%d “,*x,*y);
}

17. Program to print the Fibonacci series using recursive function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fibo(int,int)
int t1,t2,t3,count;
void main()
{
printf(“enter the number of terms\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
t1=0;
t2=1;
printf(“%d\t%d”,t1,t2);
count=2;
fibo(t1,t2);
getch();
}
int fibo(int t1,int t2)
{
if(count>=n)
return 0;
else
{
t3=t1+t2;

14
 printf(“\t%d”,t3);
count++;
t1=t2;
t2=t3;
fibo(t1,t2);
}
}

18. Program to print the average and standard deviation of the elements of
the one- dimensional array using function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
float mean(int a[],int n);
float std(int a[],int n,float m);
void main()
{
float m,sd;
int n,a[10],i;
clrscr();
printf(“\nenter the number of values\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf(“\n enter the elements\n”);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&n);
m=mean(a,n);
printf(“mean=%f\n”,m);
sd=std(a,n,m);
printf(“\n sd=%f”,sd);
getch();
}
flaot mean (inta[],intn)
{
float f;
int sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum=sum+ a[i];
f=(float)sum/n;

15
 return f;
}
float std(int a[],int n,float m)
{
int i;
float std,sum=0.0,d;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
d=a[i]-m;
a=d*d;
sum=sum+d;
}
sd=sqrt(sum\n);
return sd;
}

19. Program to print the transpose of a matrix using functions

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
void trans(int,int,int[10][10]);
int i,j,a,b,m[10][10];
clrcsr();
printf(“enter the rows and columns of matrix”);
scanf(”%d%d”,&a,&b);
printf(“enter the elements”);
for(i=1;i<=a;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=b;j++)
{
printf(“enter m[%d][%d]...”i,i);
scanf(“%d”,&m[i][j]);
}
}
printf(“\n before transpose\);
for(i=1;i<=a;i++)
{

16
 for(j=1;j<=b;j++)
{
printf(“%d\t”,m[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
trans(a,b,m);
getch();
}
void trans(inta,intb,intm[10][10])
{
int i,j;
printf(“after transpose”);
for(j=1;j<=b;j++)
{
for(i=1;i<=a;i++)
{
printf(“\t%d”,m[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}

Structures and file operations:

21. Define a structure to store the student details viz., Roll no, name, marks
in
three subjects, total, avg and class obtained. Read the first three fields and
write
your logic to calculate the total, average and class obtained for ten students.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
struct stud
{
int rno;
char name[15];

17
int marks[5];
int total;
float avg;
char class[15];
}
st[10],temp;
int i,n,j;
clrscr();
printf(“\n enter\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf(“\n enter the roll no..”);
scanf(“%d”,&st[i].rno);
printf(“name...\n”);
scanf(“%s”,&st[i].name);
printf(“enter three marks..”);
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&st[i].marks[j]);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
st[i].total=0;
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
st[i].total=st[i].total+st[i].marks[j];
}
st[i].avg=st[i].total/30;
if(st[i].avg>=75)
strcpy(st[i].grade,”distinction”);
elseif(st[i].avg>=60)
strcpy(st[i].grade,”first”);
elseif(st[i].avg>=50)
strcpy(st[i].grade,”second”);
else
strcpy(st[i].grade,”fail”);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=j+1;j<=n;j++)

18
 {
if(st[i].total<st[j].total)
{
temp=st[i];
st[i]=st[j];
st[j]=temp;
}
}
}
printf(“\n the student details in rankwise\n”);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf(“\n\n roll no:%d”,st[i].rno);
printf(“\n name :%s”,st[i].name);
printf(“\n marks in three subjects”);
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
printf(“\n %d,st[i].marks[j]);
}
printf (“\n total: %d”, st[i].total);
printf(“\n average:%f”,st[i].avg);
printf(“\n grade:%s”,st[i].grade);
}
getch();
}

22. Structure based program to print the pay slip of an employee.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct employ
{
char empname[25];
int empno;
float bp,da,dra,hra;
float ded,gross,net;
};
void main()
{
struct employ e1;
int i,n;

19
clrscr();
printf("enter the no:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("\n enter the employ name");
fflush(stdin);
gets(e1.empname);
printf("\n enter bp,da,hra,ded");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&e1.bp,&e1.da,&e1.hra,&e1.ded);
e1.gross=e1.bp+e1.da+e1.hra+e1.ded;
e1.net=(e1.gross)-(e1.ded);
printf("\n empname=%s \n empno=%d\n",e1.empname,e1.empno);
printf(" the employ basic=%f",e1.bp);
printf("\n da=%f",e1.da);
printf("\n hra=%f \n ded=%f",e1.hra,e1.ded);
printf("\n gross=%f \n netpay=%f",e1.gross,e1.net);
}
getch();
}

23.Program using files to copy the contents of one file to another

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
FILE *ft,*fs;
int c=0;
clrscr();
fs=fopen("a.txt","r");
ft=fopen("b.txt","w");
if(fs==NULL)
{
printf("\n source file opening error");
exit(1);
}
else
if(ft==NULL)

20
 {
printf("target file opening error");
exit(1);
}
while(!feof(fs))
{
fputc(fgetc(fs),ft);
c++;
}
printf("%d bytes copied from 'a.txt' to 'b.txt'",c);
c=fcloseall();
printf("%d files closed",c);
getch();
}

24. Program to find the length of the string, copy one string to another and
compare two strings, concatenate two strings without using library functions.

[i] length of the string

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char a[20];
int i;
clrscr();
gets(a);
i=0;
while(a[i]!=’\0’);
i++;
printf(“string length=%d”,i);
getch();
}

[ii] copy one string to another

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()

21
{
char s1[100],s2[100];
int i;
clrscr();
printf(“\n enter the string:”);
gets(s1);
i=0;
while(s1[i]!=’\0’);

{
s2[i]=s1[i];
i++;
}
s2[i]=’\0’
printf(“copied string is %s”,s2);
getch();
}

[iii] compare two strings

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char str1[100],str2[100];
int i;
clrscr();
printf(“\n enter the two strings:”);
gets(str1);
gets(str2);
i=0;
while(str1[i]==str2[i] && str1[i]!=’\0’);
i++;
if(str1[i]>str2[i])
printf(“\n string 1 is greater than string two”);
else if(str1[i]<str2[i])
printf(“\n string 1 is smaller than string two”);
else
printf(“\n string 1 is equal to string two”);
getch();

22
}

[iv] concatinating two strings

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[30],str2[30];
int l1,l2,i;
clrscr();
gets(str1);
gets(str2);
l1=strlen(str1);
l2=strlen(str2);

for(i=0;i<=l2;i++)
{
str1[l1+i]=str2[i];
}
printf("%s",str1);
getch();
}

23