Blowby Spec (Small Engine)

16H Motor Grader ATS00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3196 Engine(SEBP33...
Page 15 of 27
Note: Install pickup (5) with arrow (6) in the direction of the air flow.
3. Attach 8T-5297 Cable to 8T-2685 Blowby Pickup and 8T-2701 Blowby Indicator As .
Measuring Blowby
Note: The 8T-2685 Blowby Pickup is sensitive to noise or movement of air. In order to prevent
inaccurate readings, keep the pickup away from the engine fan and any movement of air past the end of
the pickup.
1. Start and run the engine until normal operating temperature is reached.
2. Press the "ON" button.
a. Press the "ACTUAL" button. An arrow must appear above "ACTUAL" on the display.
b. Select "L/MIN" or "FT3/HR" and press the button. An arrow must appear next to the
selection.
c. Press the "NORM RATE" button. An arrow must appear next to the selection.
3. Run the engine at high idle. The value of the blowby will be displayed. The display will change
whenever the amount of blowby changes.
4. Press the "MED RATE" or "SLOW RATE" button if the display is changing too fast.
a. After you test the minimum blowby, test the maximum blowby and record the difference
between the two. Press the buttons in order to recall the "MIN", the "MAX", or the "DIFF"
between the two readings.
b. Press the "CLEAR" button in order to retest the "MIN" and "MAX".
c. To retain the "MIN", "MAX", "DIFF" or "ACTUAL" value on the display, press the
"HOLD" button.
Note: Do not press the "HOLD" button until the check has been completed. The readings will not
change after the "HOLD" button is pressed. The memory will retain the values until the "HOLD
CLEAR" button is pressed or until the blowby/airflow indicator is turned off.
Analyzing Results
Note: Do not use the data alone to determine if the engine should be overhauled. The obtained data from
the blowby/air flow indicator should only be used for additional information. Other indicators such as
high oil consumption, low power, hard starting, and excessive fuel consumption must be considered.
The data from the blowby/air flow indicator should be used in order to establish a trend for the engine.
You should not make a decision in order to repair an engine on the results of a single blowby test.
After a new engine is used for a short time, the blowby can decrease as the rings are seated. New
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16H Motor Grader ATS00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3196 Engine(SEBP33... Page 16 of 27
engines should be checked for blowby during all maintenance checks. As the piston rings and cylinder
walls wear, the blowby will gradually increase. Other sources of blowby can be worn valve guides or
leaking turbocharger seals.
The blowby on a worn engine may be two times or more than the blowby of a new engine and may
indicate the need for an overhaul.
An engine that has been overhauled can have a high rate of blowby due to several factors: improperly
seated rings, worn parts which were not changed and worn valve guides.
By keeping a record of the results, a gradual increase in the amount of the blowby will be noted until the
amount of blowby has become excessive. Any sudden increase in blowby could indicate a broken piston
ring.
Always check the blowby by the same method for better comparison of future tests. Read the rate of
blowby at full engine RPM, either at no load or at full load. The blowby could vary as much as 100
percent under a no load condition to a full load condition. Use the highest reading for the actual blowby
value.
The blowby meter is sensitive to engine noise at high frequencies. When you are making blowby
measurements, keep the blowby pickup as far away from the engine as possible. Do NOT put the pickup
near the turbocharger or fan blades, as this can cause a reading error.
The rates of blowby for new Caterpillar engines without ACERT technology are shown in the chart
below. The rates of blowby are typical. The readings are not the absolute rates of blowby. Do not base
your decision for repairs on only the readings.
Note: It is normal for ACERT Engines to have twice the blowby in comparison to engines that are not
equipped with ACERT technology. Blowby rates for ACERT Engines will be released at a later date.
Table 1
Typical Blowby Rates for New (Low Hour) Caterpillar Engines without ACERT technology
High Idle No Load
Ring Blowby Range Blowby Range
Engine Blowby/HP Ft3/Hour Ratio L/Min
Package Ft 3/Hour L/Min
3204 NA
2 ring 90-100 42-47 1.0 0.5
3204 DIT
2 ring 110-240 52-110 2.0 1.0
3208 2 ring 120-250 56-118 1.2 0.5

3208 T 2 ring 250-500 118-230 2.0 1.0
3304 3 ring 160-214 74-98 1.3 0.6
3306 3 ring 180-250 85-118 1.3 0.6
16H Motor Grader ATS00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3196 Engine(SEBP33... Page 17 of 27
3406 3 ring 400-450 189-212 1.1 0.5

3408 3 ring 450-500 212-236 1.0 0.5
3412 3 ring 650-750 307-354 1.0 0.5
3512 3 ring 550-600 259-283 0.5 0.22
3126/B/E
3 ring 166-228 82-107 1.1 0.5
C-9 3 ring 90-111 42-52 0.3 0.15

C-10 3 ring 113-143 53-67 0.4 0.2
C-12 3 ring 130-151 61-71 0.4 0.17
C-15 3 ring 183-228 86-108 0.5 0.23
Checking Air Flow Through the Radiator Core

The 8T-2700 Blowby/Air Flow Indicator can help in analyzing engine overheating problems. The
following items can cause Overheating:
z Overload
z Low fan speed
z Improper shroud
z Plugged radiator core
Plugging of the radiator core is the most common cause of poor air flow. The blowby/airflow indicator
measures the air flow through the radiator core. The blowby/airflow indicator also helps pinpoint the
exact location of a restriction in the radiator core.
The blowby/airflow indicator is most effective with blower fans. Suction fans tend to average the air
flow across the core. A radiator core that has plugged areas will have a reduction of air flow.
The air that flows across the radiator core may not be consistent. The items that follow affect the air that
flows across the radiator core:
z Air swirl
z Guards
z Braces
z Position of engine mounted components

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16H Motor Grader ATS00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3196 Engine(SEBP33...

2. Press the "ON" button.

3208 2 ring 120-250 56-118 1.2 0.5

3406 3 ring 400-450 189-212 1.1 0.5

C-9 3 ring 90-111 42-52 0.3 0.15

Checking Air Flow Through the Radiator Core

z Low fan speed

z Plugged radiator core

z Position of engine mounted components

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