Department of Educa�on

Region X-Northern Mindanao

DIVISION OF BUKIDNON
Sumpong, Malaybalay City

3rd Quarter Periodical Test

Science 10

Name:_________________________________ Grade/Sec�on:_____________ Score:___________

Direc�ons: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in a separate answer sheet.

For items 1-3 refer to this informa�on

The reproductive system is a collection of organs and components that work together for the purpose
of reproduction. While the male and female reproductive systems have notable differences in their
parts, they also share several similarities. For instance, the reproductive organs in both males and
females originate from the same embryological structures. Additionally, some hormones are present in
both genders, although in different amounts, and they elicit distinct responses.

1. Which of the following is a notable difference between the male and female reproduc�ve systems?
A) Common hormones
B) Shared reproduc�ve organs
C) Different responses to hormones
D) Similar embryological structures

2. Name the female reproductive organs responsible for the production of eggs and their succeeding
transport to the uterus.
A) Testes - produce eggs, Uterus - transports eggs
B) Epididymis - produces eggs, Cervix - transports eggs
C) Prostate gland - produces eggs, Vagina - transports eggs
D) Ovaries - produce eggs, Fallopian tubes - transport eggs

3. Describe the func�on of the male reproduc�ve system relate to that of the female reproduc�ve
system in the process of human reproduc�on.
A. They have en�rely different func�ons.
B. There is no rela�onship between the func�ons of the two systems.
C. The male system solely contributes to fer�liza�on, while the female system nurtures the
developing fetus.
D. The male system produces sperm, while the female system produces eggs, both contributing to
fertilization.

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Items 4-7, refer to the informa�on below
Hormones play a crucial role in the male and female reproductive systems. In the male system,
testosterone takes the lead, steering the development of sperm and influencing secondary sexual
characteristics. On the female side, estrogen and progesterone guide the menstrual cycle, regulate
ovulation, and support pregnancy. Testosterone, primarily produced in the testes, fuels sperm
production and fosters the maturation of male reproductive organs. In females, estrogen and
progesterone, originating from the ovaries, govern the menstrual cycle, ensuring proper egg release
and creating a conducive environment for potential pregnancy.

4. What is the primary func�on of estrogen and progesterone in females during the menstrual cycle?
A. Regula�ng ovula�on
B. Fueling sperm produc�on
C. Fostering the matura�on of female secondary traits
D. Fostering the matura�on of female reproduc�ve organs

5. If GnRH production were blocked, which of the following would occur?

I. Estrogen levels would increase

II. Testosterone production would decrease
III. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels would decrease
IV. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level would increase

A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. I, II, and IV
D. II, III, and IV

6. Describe how the produc�on of hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, in both male and
female reproduc�ve systems establishes a connec�on between them.
A) Hormones play role in connec�ng the male and female systems.
B) Hormones have isolated effects on each reproduc�ve system with no interac�on.
C) Both male and female systems produce estrogen and progesterone, influencing shared aspects
of reproduc�on.
D) The male system produces estrogen, while the female system produces progesterone,
ensuring hormonal balance.
7. The hypothalamus is sensi�ve to testosterone levels in the blood, what will happen if testosterone
levels rise?
A. More LH and FSH are released from the hypothalamus.
B. Testosterone will not be released from the hypothalamus
C. There will be less produc�on of sperm cells from the hypothalamus
D. Hypothalamus makes a less gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thus less
LH and FSH are released

Refer to the informa�on below to answer Items 8-10

A menstrual cycle begins every 28th to 30th day of every month, or menstruation and starts over again when the
next period begins. Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the lining of your uterus. It is also known by the
term’s menses, menstrual period, menstrual cycle or period. Throughout a monthly menstrual cycle, your body
makes different amounts of chemicals called hormones and send a signal to your uterus to shed its lining. These
changing hormone levels can cause menstrual symptoms. Menstrual cycles often change as a woman gets
older.

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8. What do you call the monthly changes that takes place in the female reproduc�ve system?
A. Fer�liza�on
B. Implanta�on
C. Menstrua�on
D. Reproduc�on

9. Which of the following best describes about menstrual cycle and hormones?
A. Menstrual cycle occurs every month from the first onset together with your hormones cause the
organs of your reproduc�ve tract to respond in certain ways.
B. Menstrual cycle occurs every month from the second onset when a female is between 10 to 13 years
old.
C. Hormones like androgen greatly contributes during menstrua�on o�en change as a woman gets older.
D. Hormones like testosterone greatly contributes during menstrua�on o�en change as a woman gets
older.

10. Most women have struggle during their menstrua�on because of the irregulari�es or their hormones.
What will happen to the monthly cycle when hormonal imbalance will occur?
A. Irregular Period
B. Hyperven�late
C. Regular Period
D. Nausea

Refer to this informa�on to answer Items 11-13

Our nervous system connects all of our body parts to transmits signals from one part to another. One of the
major functions of the nervous system is to control the relative constancy of the internal environment of the
organism. That is, to provide the right chemical environment for living processes to take place. This control of
the internal environment is known as homeostasis. Homeostasis is defined as a self-regulating process by which
a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions. It is not static
and unvarying; it is a dynamic process that can change internal conditions as required to survive external
challenges.

11. What organ system that connects all of our body parts to transmits signals from one part to another?
A. Endocrine System
B. Nervous System
C. Male Reproduc�ve System
D. Female Reproduc�ve System

12. What might happen if there will be no stimulus that may trigger a nerve impulse?
I. Messages will not travel in both directions along the same neuron.
II. An organism will not be able to survive.
III. There will be no response made.
IV. Reaction time will increase.
A) I and III
B) I and II
c) II and III
D) II and IV

13. What are more likely to happen when no response in a certain stimulus from the surroundings?
A. The Reac�on �me will decrease due to the s�mulus.
B. The Reac�on �me will increase due to the s�mulus.
C. The Reac�on �me will be neutral from the s�mulus.
D. There will be no Reac�on �me.

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 Items 14-16, use this informa�on
Fossil is any preserved part or trace of an organism that once lived. Studies help scientists determine changes
which occur over time. Fossils are of different types depending on the method of preservation. Fossils are
formed when substances in the soil replace the soft, easily decomposed part of the dead organism’s body. The
bones and other hard parts of the body are then preserved. Fossils are a tangible connection to life, landscape,
and climates of the past. They show us how life, landscapes, and climate have changed over the time and how
living things responded to those changes.

14. What is fossil?

A) providing informa�on about climate
B) serving as decora�ve items
C) indica�ng modern iden�fica�on for ecosystem
D) preserved part or trace of an organism that once lived

15. What geological processes contribute to the formation of various types of fossils?
I) Petrified fossils II) Mold fossils III) Cast Fossils IV) Trace fossils
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) I, II and III

16. What processes are involved in the formation of fossils?

A). Volcanic ac�vity, discharge of magma, lava flows, pyroclas�c flows
B) . Photosynthesis, carbon assimila�on, carbon fixa�on, photo assimila�on
C) . Magne�c Resonance, nuclear magne�c resonance, magne�c resonance imaging
D). Sedimenta�on, preserva�on in ice, preserva�on in amber, petrifac�on, replacement,
carbonization, and recrystallization.

Items 17-19, read this information

Evolution, a dance of time, from simple forms, a paradigm. Species shift, adapt, survive, Nature’s grand
transformative vibe. Evolution a fundamental process in the tapestry of life, unfolds over eons, shaping the
diverse array of species inhabiting our planet. Driven by forces such as genetic mutations, natural selection and
environmental pressures, evolution is a dynamic interplay between organisms and their surroundings. Over
time species undergo transformations, adapting to changing conditions, and in, some cases, branching into
entirely new forms. The intricate dance of evolution not only reflects the past but also holds the key to
understanding the ongoing journey of life on earth. From the smallest microorganisms to the most complex
organisms, the occurrence of evolution weaves a narrative of adaptation, survival, and relentless pursuit of
biological diversity.

17. What is the primary driving force behind the occurrence of evolu�on?
A) Environmental changes
B) Nonhereditary muta�ons
C) Natural selec�ons
D) Random Chance

18. Which of the following combina�on of the contribu�ng factors involve in evolu�on process?
I) Genetic mutations and natural selection III) Genetic drift and reproductive isolation
II) Environmental changes and random chances IV) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) I and IV
D) III and IV

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19. Which of the following statements best describes how environmental changes affect the incidence of
evolu�on in various species?
A) directly cause gene�c muta�ons.
B) drive natural selec�on.
C) result in random chance events.
D) only impact species with rapid reproduc�on rates.

For item 20
Maintaining high genetic diversity allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding.
Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and
reproduce. Environmental changes determine whether or not the adaptation of new traits will be beneficial to the
survival of the species. This ability allows many organisms to survive the challenges of environmental change.

20. Why is it beter for an ecosystem to have high biodiversity rather than low biodiversity?
A. Ecosystem with high biodiversity is more unstable towards environmental changes.
B. Ecosystem with high biodiversity can withstand environmental changes.
C. Ecosystem with low biodiversity is more stable than ecosystem with high biodiversity.
D. Ecosystem with low biodiversity adapts beter to climate-driven environmental changes than more diverse
ecosystem

For items 21-23 refer to this information

The system involved in sexual reproduc�on is called the reproduc�ve system. There is a striking difference
between the male and the female reproduc�ve systems, although they also share a number of similari�es. For
example, the reproduc�ve organs of the male and female are developed from the same embryological
structures, and some hormones are commonly found in both male and female, in varying quan��es and
produce different responses

21. What part of the female reproductive system is the site of egg implantation and provides a place for
nourishment and development of the fetus during pregnancy?
A. Fallopian Tube B. Ovaries C. Uterus D. Vagina

22. Which of the following are produced in the ovaries?

A. Primary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
B. Tertiary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
C. Primary oocytes, estrogen and progesterone
D. Secondary oocytes, progesterone and cor�sol

23. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the male and female reproductive
systems?
A. Both systems function independently of each other.
B. Both systems work together to produce a zygote, which then develops into a fetus.
C. The male reproductive system produces sperm, while the female reproductive system produces eggs.

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 D. The male reproduc�ve system transports sperm to the female reproduc�ve system, which then
fer�lizes the sperm.
For items 24- 26, read and analyze this information

Hormones play an important role in both male and female reproduc�ve systems. The pituitary gland controls
the func�ons of both the testes and the ovaries. These hormones keep the reproduc�ve system properly
func�oning.

24. Which of the following hormones is primarily produced in the testes and is responsible for the
development of male secondary sex characteristics?
A. Estrogen
B. Testosterone
C. Progesterone
D. An�-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)

25. What hormones regulates body metabolism and causes storage of calcium in the bones?
A. Estrogen and Progesterone
B. Insulin, Glucagon
C. Thymosin and Adrenaline
D. Thyroxin, and Calcitonin

26. How do estrogen and testosterone, the main reproduc�ve hormones, contribute to the process of
fer�liza�on in mammals?
A. Estrogen promotes the development of male reproduc�ve organs, while testosterone s�mulates
sperm produc�on.
B. Estrogen s�mulates the growth of female reproduc�ve organs, while testosterone promotes the
development of male reproduc�ve organs.
C. Estrogen causes eggs to mature in the ovaries, while testosterone s�mulates sperm produc�on in
males.
D. Estrogen and testosterone both play a role in the produc�on of reproduc�ve hormones in mammals.

Refer this information for items 27-29

Hormones control many of the changes in the reproduc�ve system. Remember that hormones are chemicals
that affect certain body organs. The monthly changes that take place in the female reproduc�ve system are
called menstrua�on. This cycle occurs every month from the first onset which could happen when a female is
between 10 to 13 years old. The monthly cycle con�nues for about 40 years.

27. Which hormone plays a key role in providing negative feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary
system during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

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A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. Inhibin B D. Follicle-s�mula�ng hormone (FSH)

28. Which of the following feedback mechanisms is responsible for the cyclical onset of heat or estrus in
female mammals?
A. Posi�ve and neutral feedback
B. Nega�ve and neutral feedback
C. Both posi�ve and nega�ve feedback
D. No feedback

29. How do the feedback mechanisms in the female reproductive system change throughout the menstrual
cycle?
A. The nega�ve feedback mechanism is more prominent during the follicular phase, while the posi�ve
feedback mechanism is more prominent during the luteal phase
B. The posi�ve feedback mechanism is more prominent during the follicular phase, while the nega�ve feedback
mechanism is more prominent during the luteal phase
C. The nega�ve feedback mechanism is more prominent during the luteal phase, while the posi�ve feedback
mechanism is more prominent during the follicular phase
D. The feedback mechanisms remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle

Refer to this information for items 30-32

The nervous system is your body's decision and communication center. The first division,
the central nervous system (CNS), consists of the brain and the spinal cord while the
second division, the peripheral nervous system (PNS), involves all of the nerves. Together
with the endocrine system, the nervous system is responsible for regulating and
maintaining homeostasis. Through its receptors, the nervous system keeps us in touch
with our environment, both external and internal. Together, they control every part of
your daily life, from breathing and blinking to helping you memorize facts for a test.
Nerves reach out from your brain to your face, ears, eyes, nose, and to the spinal cord
which connects to the rest of the body.

30. Which serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system?
A. Autonomic B. Central C. Peripheral D. Somatic

31. Which of the following comprises the human nervous system?

A. The central and the soma�c nervous system
B. The autonomic and the soma�c nervous systems
C. The central and the peripheral nervous system
D. The sympathe�c and the parasympathe�c nervous systems

32. How do the nervous system and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis in the female
reproductive system?
A. The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis regulates both the nervous system and endocrine system.
B. The nervous system regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, while the endocrine system
produces hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
C. The endocrine system regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, while the nervous system
produces hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
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D. Both the nervous system and endocrine system work together to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-
ovarian (HPO) axis, which in turn regulates the menstrual cycle.

Use this information to answer items 33-35

The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological
system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", Protein synthesis is a process that
involves the transfer of information from DNA to RNA and finally to proteins.

33. What nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A. Adenine B. Cytosine C. Uracil D. thymine
34. Refer to this codon chart below

A. start – his – gln – arg – cys – stop C. start – gln – his – arg – cys – stop
B. start – his – glu – agr – cis – stop D. start – his – gln – arg – cys – tyr

35. What is the relationship between a protein, the cell and DNA?
A. A cell is composed of DNA and protein
B. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
C. DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
D. Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell

Refer this to answer items 36-38

Mutations are changes in the genetic information in the genome of a cell or even a virus. Mutations are
changes in the DNA sequence of the DNA or RNA sequence for viruses. Mutation is one of the main causes of
the species evolution and is the main mechanisms of molecular evolution which includes the existence of new
Covid 19 variant.

36. What mutation has occurred here? T-G-A-C-C-A

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 T-G-A-C-A
A. Deletion B. Insertion C. Inversion D. Translocation

37. What are the two main types of genetic mutations?

A. Silent and nonsense mutations
B. Missense and frameshift mutations
C. Dominant and recessive mutations
D. Substitution and insertion/deletion mutations

38. How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

A. Muta�ons have no effect on protein synthesis
B. Muta�ons can affect the rate of protein synthesis
C. Muta�ons can alter the amino acid sequence of proteins
D. Muta�ons can change the stability of proteins

Items 39-41, read this information

Evolu�on refers to the process of change in all forms of life over genera�ons. It is the cumula�ve and gradual
development of characteris�cs, traits, and features in popula�ons of organisms over successive genera�ons.
The primary driving force behind evolu�on is natural selec�on, a process in which individuals with
advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring.

39. What is the process in which individuals with advantageous traits are likely to survive and reproduce?
A. Evolu�on
B. Fossil records
C. Natural selec�on
D. Gene�c informa�on

40. Which of the following statements provide evidences for evolu�on?

I. Fossil record
II. Direct observa�on
III. Gene�c informa�on
IV. Compara�ve anatomy

A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II, III and IV
D, I, III and IV

41. How do the fossil records, compara�ve anatomy, and gene�c informa�on provide evidence for evolu�on?
A. By showing the progression of species over �me
B. By providing evidence for the existence of a creator
C. By revealing the shared ancestry of different species
D. By demonstra�ng the role of natural selec�on in shaping species

Refer to the following information to answer items 42-44

Natural selec�on wherein nature selects organisms that will or will not survive based on their exis�ng traits.
Organisms with favorable traits or those who are best suited in the environment have a beter chance of
survival. The survivors will pass on their favorable traits to their offspring. As the years pass by, the popula�on
will produce an organism with traits different from their ancestors.

42. Who is the proponent of the Theory of Natural Selec�on?

A. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
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C. Jean Bap�ste de Lamarck
D. Alfred Russel Wallace

43. Which of the following statements describe(s) Darwin’s theory of natural selec�on?
I. Members of a popula�on will compete.
II. Popula�ons tend to reproduce in small numbers.
III. Members of a popula�on have heritable varia�ons.
IV. Some members of a popula�on have adap�ve traits.
A. I and II
B. I, II, and III
C. II, III, and IV
D. I, III, and IV
44. Which of the following statements best describes how natural selec�on affects evolu�on?
A. Natural selec�on introduces new gene�c varia�ons into popula�ons.
B. Natural selec�on causes random changes in the gene�c material of organism.
C. Natural selec�on leads to the deple�on of gene�c varia�on within popula�ons.
D. Natural selection causes certain traits to become more or less common in a population over successive
generations, based on their ability to enhance survival and reproductive success.

Items 45-47 use the information below

Biodiversity can be quan�fied in many different ways. The two main factors that should be considered when
measuring diversity are richness and evenness. Richness is a measure of the number of different kinds of
organisms or species present in a par�cular area. The more species present in a sample, the “richer” the
sample. However, diversity depends not only on richness, but also on evenness. Evenness compares the
similarity of the popula�on size of each of the species present. More diverse and evenly distributed ecosystems
mean more stable ecosystems.

45. Which of the following factors measure the number of different kinds of organisms in a par�cular area.
A. Diversity
B. Evenness
C. Popula�on
D. Richness

46. Which of the following statements best describe biodiversity?

I. Some members of a popula�on have adap�ve traits.
II. It pertains to the number of plants throughout the world.
III. It includes variety of living things and other species in a given area.
IV. It depends on the richness and evenness of the numbers of species in a par�cular area.
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I and IV

47. How does species diversity increase the probability of adapta�on and survival of organisms in changing
environments?
A. By crea�ng ecological niches for species to occupy, reducing compe��on for resources.
B. By increasing the chances of successful reproduc�on and survival due to gene�c differences.
C. By providing a wider range of gene�c varia�on, allowing species to adapt to various environmental
condi�ons.
D. By promo�ng the development of complex social structures, enhancing species' ability to cope with
change.

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For 48-50, please refer to this selection

An ecosystem can support only so large of a popula�on. The maximum popula�on size that an ecosystem can
support is called carrying capacity. Limi�ng factors determine carrying capacity. The availability of abio�c
factors (such as water, oxygen, and space) and bio�c factors (such as food) dictates how many organisms can
live in an ecosystem. Carrying capacity is also impacted by the availability of decomposers. Decomposers break
down and recycle dead organisms and organic mater. They prevent dead mater from accumula�ng and taking
up space in an ecosystem.

48. What is the size of the human popula�on today?

A. Over 10 billion
B. Almost 6 billion
C. Less than 2 billion
D. Just under 1 billion

49. Which of the following are considered abio�c limi�ng factors?

I. Food II. Oxygen III. Hydrogen IV. Water
A. II and IV
B. II and III.
C. I, II, and III
D. I, III and IV

50. How does an increasing human popula�on affect the carrying capacity of Earth's ecosystems?
A. It increases the carrying capacity, allowing for more resources to support human life.
B. It decreases the carrying capacity, leading to resource deple�on and environmental degrada�on.
C. It does not affect the carrying capacity, as human popula�on growth does not impact the environment.
D. It stabilizes the carrying capacity, as human population growth slows down and resources become more
available.

--------- end--------

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 Answer Key
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. D
17. C
18. A
19. B
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. B
24. B
25. D
26. C
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. D
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. A
37. D
38. C
39. C
40. B
41. A
42. A
43. D
44. D
45. D
46. C
47. D
48. A
49. A
50. B

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