12 EM HISTORY NOTES 2023-2024 All With Maps - 230604 - 202330

GOVERNMENT BOYS HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MARTHANDAM 12 EM HISTORY 223-2024
Lesson : 1
Rise of Nationalism in India
I. Choose the correct answer
1. When did Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
(a) 1915 (b) 1916 (c) 1917 (d) 1918
2. In which year English Education was introduced in India?
(a) 1825 (b) 1835 (c) 1845 (d) 1855
3. Find the odd one.
(a) William Jones (b) Charles Wilkins
(c) Max Muller (d) Aurobindo Ghose
4. „Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it‟ was said by
(a) Bala Gangadhar Tilak (b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose (d) Bharathi
5. Match and choose the correct answer from the code given below.
(A) Bala Gangadhar Tilak - 1. Voice of India
(B) Dadabhai Naoroji - 2. Madras Time
(C) Macaulay - 3. Kesari
(D) William Digby - 4. Minute on Indian Education
Code
(a) 2, 4, 1, 3 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2 (c) 1, 3, 2, 4 (d) 4, 2, 3, 1
6. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) English Education Act - 1843
(b) The abolition of slavery - 1859
(c) Madras Native Association - 1852
(d) Indigo revolt - 1835
7. Which is the correct chronological sequence of the following
associations?
1
(i) East India Association (ii) Madras Mahajana Sabha

(iii) Madras Native Association (iv) India Society
Select the answer from the codes given below:
(a) ii, i, iii, iv (b) ii, iii, i, iv (c) iii, iv, i, ii (d) iii, iv, ii, i
8. The Indian National Congress was founded by _________
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose (b) Gandhi (c) A.O. Hume (d)
B.G. Tilak
9. The first President of the Indian National Congress was
(a) Surendranath Bannerjea (b) Badruddin Tyabji
(c) A.O. Hume (d) W.C. Bonnerjee
10. Who was called the „Grand Old Man of India?
(a) Bala Gangadhar Tilak (b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
11. Who wrote the book - „Poverty and Un-British Rule in India‟ ?
(a) Bala Gangadhar Tilak (b) Gopala Krishna Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) M.G. Ranade
12. Assertion (A): The British Government pursued a policy of free
trade (or) laissez fair.
Reason(R): India had comparative advantage from England's free
trade policy.
(a) A is correct but R does not explain A.
(b) A is correct and R explains A.
(c) A is correct and R is incorrect.
(d) Both A and R are wrong.
13. Which of the following statements are correct on Orissa famine?
Statement I: In 1866 a million and a half people of Orissa died of
starvation.
Statement II: During that time the British exported 200 million
pounds of rice to Britain.
2
Statement III: The Orissa famine prompted Dadabai Naoroji to

begin a life long investigation of poverty in India.
(a) I & II (b) I & III (c) None of the above (d) All of the
above
II. Write brief answers
1. What is nationalism ?
 Nationalism means loyalty and devotion to a nation.

 It is a consciousness or tendency to exalt and place one nation
above all others.
 Emphasising promotion of its culture and interests in a
nations.
2. Describe the implications of the new land tenures?

 Agricultural produce was predominantly for the market.
 They institutionalised the commodification of land.
 Commercialisation of agriculture in India.
3. Write a note on Indigo revolt?
 The farmers paid less than the market price for indigo
cultivation.
 The peasants rebelled against this (1859-60).
 The planters were expelled from North Bengal through this
revolution.
4. Discuss the importance of Illbert Bill.
 The Indian judges were empowered to try europeans through

this Bill.
 The bill was amended by european opposition.
 The Ilbert Bill controversy was a cause of the rise of Indian
nationalism.
3
5. Highlight the contribution of missionaries to modern education.
 They taught modern education to Indians.

 They taught secular education.
 It also provided education to the deprived and marginalised
sections of the people.
6. What were the grievances represented by the Madras Native
Association in their petition to the British Parliament?

 They pointed out the flaws of the Ryatwari and Zamindari
systems.
 It urged the revival of the ancient village system.
 They also mentioned about judicial system which was slow,
complicated.
7. Make a list of the important political associations formed in India
prior to the Indian National Congress.

 Madras Native Association.
 Indian Association.
 East India Association.
 Madras Mahajana Sabha.
8. Identify the prominent early Indian nationalists.
 W C. Bonnerjee , BadruddinTyabji, Surendranath Banerjee.

 DadabhaiNaoroji, Gopala Krishna Gokhale, M.G. Ranade.
 Bipin Chandra Pal, BalGangadharTilak, LalaLajpatRai and
Aurobindo Ghose.
III. Write short answers
1. Analyse Macaulay's “Minute on Indian Education‟.
 English education system was introduced in India drafted by
T.B.Macaulay.
 Macaulay wrote his famous “Minute on Indian Education‟ in
4
1835.
 He wanted the Indians to be English in will, morals and in
intellect'.
 Consequently, the government started schools, colleges in
English.
2. What do you know of the Madras visit of the chairman of Indian

Reform Society in 1853?
 The Madras Native Association presented its grievances
before British Parliament.
 The MNA petition was discussed in the Parliament in March
1853.
 To investigate this petition, H. D. Seymour, Chairman of the
Indian Reform Society, came to Madras in October 1853.
 He visited places like Guntur, Cuddalore, Tiruchirappalli,
Salem and Tirunelveli.
3. Point out the role played by press in creating nationalist

consciousness in British India.
 It spread the modern ideas of autonomy, democracy, etc.
 They criticized politics.
 It addressed the people on several issues affecting the country
 They taught people important issues of public interest.
4. Describe the way in which indentured labour was organized in

British India?
 The colonial state allowed agents (kanganis) to trick or kidnap
indigent landless labourers.
 Many impoverished peasants and weavers went hoping to
earn some money.
 Under this system, the workers were contracted for a period of
5
five years.
 They worked in the coffee and tea plantations of Sri Lanka.
5. Name the prominent participants in the inaugural meeting of

Madras MahajanaSabha held in May 1884?
 G. Subramaniam, Viraraghavachari, Ananda Charlu,
 Rangiah, BalajiRao and Salem Ramaswamy.
6. Attempt a brief account of early emigration of labourers to Ceylon.

 In 1815, the Governor of Ceylon asked the Governor of Madras
to send "wages" to work in Ceylon plantations.
 The Madras Governor forwarded this letter to the collector of
Thanjavur.
 He replied it was difficult to move people without giving any
incentive.
 But famines in 1833 and 1843 forced people to migrate.
7. What were the items which constituted Home Charges?

 The share to be paid to the shareholders of the company.
 Guaranteed interest to investors in railways.
 Pensions to retired officials and generals.
 Interest for the money borrowed from England to meet war
expenses.
IV. Answer the following in detail
1. Discussthe impact of Western education on Indian Middle Class,

highlighting the latter‟s role in reforming and regenerating Indian
Society.
 Impact of the Western education in India, a modern Indian
Intellectuals were emerged.
 Traders, landlords, Doctors and lawyers were included in the
new division.
6
 They initially had a cordial approach to the British

administration.
 They soon realized that their wishes were fulfilled only in
independent India.
 They played a prominent role in promoting patriotism amongst
the people.
 Rajaram mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghosh
and Gokhale led the Political, Social and Religious movements
of India.
 They learned philosophical ideas like nationalism, democracy
and socialism.
 They formed Various forums for The right of a free press, the
right of free speech and the right of association.
2. Examine the Socio-economic causes for the rise of nationalism
British in India.
 The British destroyed the traditional basis of Indian land
system.
 The British fixed the land revenue in cash, during the fall in
prices and droughts or floods.
 Agriculture was commercialized. But there was no
improvement in the lives of the peasants.
 The British Government pursued a policy of free trade or
laissez faire.
 As a result India became a Purchase area for the raw material
such like cotton, jute and silks.
 Gradually Indian handloom products and handicrafts lost
there market.
 The British extended their policy of non-intervention (laissez
faire) even to famines.
 As a result, millions of people died of starvation during the
7
Raj.
3. To what extent the repressive and racist policy measures of the
British were responsible for the national awakening in India.

 The systematic exclusion of the Indians from higher official
positions came to be looked upon as an anti-Indian policy
measure.
 When civil service examinations were introduced the age limit
was fixed at 21.
 To debarring the Indians from entering the civil services, the
age limit was reduced to 19.
 Section 124A of the I.P.C (1870) and The Vernacular Press Act
(1878) provoked protests.
 The Indian judges were empowered through the Ilbert Bill to
try Europeans.
 But the Bill was amended at the will of the Europeans.
 Abolition of custom duty on cotton manufactures imported
from England.
 But same time in India the excise duty on cotton fabrics
manufactured.
4. Explain the objectives of the Indian National Congress and
contributions of the early nationalists to the cause of India‟s

liberation from the colonial rule.
The objectives of the Indian National Congress
 Opportunity for participation in the government.
 The land revenue should be reduced and the farmers should
be protected from Zamindars.
 The imposition of heavy tax on the imported goods.
 I.C.S. examinations should be conducted simultaneously in

England and India.
 The complete separation of the Executive and the Judiciary.
8
Contributions of the early nationalists

 The early nationalists in the INC came from the elite sections
of the society.
 These leaders of the INC adopted the constitutional methods
of presenting petitions, prayers and memorandums.
 Later, the leaders were advocating radical approaches instead
of merely writing petitions, prayers and memorandums.
Lesson : 2
Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement
1. Whose name was proposed as president by militant nationalists for
the surat session of the Congress?
(a) Aurobindo Ghose (b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Pherozesha Mehta (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
2. Consider the following statements.

(i) The partition of Bengal in 1905 was the most striking
example of the British divide and rule policy.
(ii) In the Calcutta meeting 1905, Surendranath Banerjea gave a
call for the boycott of British goods and institutions.
(iii) On 7 August 1905 at Town Hall meeting in Calcutta, a formal
proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) only (c) (i) and (ii) only (d) All of the
above.
3. Match List I and List II and select answer with the help of the codes
given below.
List I List II
A. Indian Press Act 1910 - 1. Self-rule
9
B. Dawn Society - 2. a revolt against their state of

dependence
C. Swaraj - 3. crushed the nationalistic activities
D. Swadeshi - 4. The National Council of education
Codes
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 2 4 3
4. Which one of the following is correctly paired?
(a) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee - Anandmath
(b) G. Subramaniam - Dawn Society
(c) Lord Minto - The University Act of
1904
(d) Epicentre of militant nationalism - Madras
5. Anushilan Samity of Calcutta was founded by
(a) Pulin Behari Das (b) Hemachandra Kanungo
(c) Jatindernath Banerjee and Barindar Kumar Ghose
(d) Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki
6. Assertion (A): 16 October 1905 was declared as a day of mourning.
Reason (R): That day Bengal was officially divided into two
provinces.
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct and R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong and R is correct.
7. Assertion (A): V.O. Chidambaram established a Swadeshi Steam
Navigation Company.
Reason (R): He wanted to oppose the monopoly of the British in
navigation through the coast.
10
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) A is wrong and R is correct
8. Which of the following statement is not true about Subramania
Bharati?
(a) Bharati was the sub–editor of Swadesamitran.
(b) He translated Tilak‟s Tenets of the New Party into Tamil.
(c) Bharati‟s Gurumani was Swami Vivekananda.
(d) He was editor of a woman‟s magazine by name Chakravartini.
1. What was called the mendicant policy of the Moderates?

 Cautious approach,
 prayers ,
 petitions.
2. How did M.G. Ranade explain the idea of Swadeshi?
 Swadeshi means “of one‟s own country‟.
 Priority should be given to the products of the own country.
 The products should be given priority even if they are less
satisfactory.
3. Identify the leaders of the epicenters of militant nationalism in

British India
 BalGangadharTilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, LalaLajpatRai
4. Why was militant nationalism was on the decline by 1908?.

 The patriotism glued with the assertion of Hindu beliefs was
not acceptable to the Muslims.
 The leaders of the swadeshi movement failed to penetrate the
larger section of the society.
11
 The Surat split of 1907 was another contributing factor to this

decline.
5. What were the repressive measures adopted by the colonial

government to crush the nationalist movements?
 The Newspapers (Incitement to Offences) Act (1908)
 The Explosives Substances Act (1908),
 The Indian Press Act (1910),
 The Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act (1911).
1. Give an account of the proceedings of Surat session that ended in
the split of the Congress.
 The question of four resolutions passed at the Calcutta
Conference intensified.
 The Pherozeshah Mehta group sought removal of those items
from the agenda.
 So the militants decided to oppose the election of Rash Behari
Gosh as president.
 The session ended in chaos. Now INC split into two groups –
militant and moderate.
2. Explain the reasons for the spurt in individual acts of violence

during the Swadeshi movement.
 The apolitical constructive programmes had little acceptance
among the youth.
 Failure to involve young people in a protracted mass struggle.
 The revolutionary action was considered an attempt to restore

The Indian heroism.
 Which the revolutionaries believed was often challenged and
looked upon by the British.
12
3. Highlight the methods used by samitis for mass mobilization.
 Samitis taught members exercise and morals.
 samitis Served during famines and epidemics.
 It established the Local schools and tribunals.

 Its aim was to refuse to cooperate with the British administration.
4. What do you know of Coral Mill Strike of 1908?
 The abject working and living conditions of the Coral Mill

workers attracted the attention of V.O.C and Siva.
 The workers, who were inspired by the two speeches, went on
strike.
 The mill owners and government had decided to suppress the
strike.
 Finally the mill owners decided to accept the workers
demands.
5. Outline the essence of the Alipore Bomb Case.
 A urobindo Ghose, along with his brother and thirty-five other

comrades, were arrested.
 Chittaranjan Das took up the case.
 Aurobindo Ghosh was released because there was no

evidence of conspiracy.
 The case portrayed revolutionary nationalists as heroes.
6. Write about the swadeshi venture of V.O. C.
 He opposition to the monopoly of the British in navigation

through the coast.
 So he registered a joint stock company called The Swadeshi
Steam Navigation Company.
 V.O.C. purchased two steamships, S.S. Gallia and S.S. Lawoe.
13
 He used the maritime glory of India‟s past for the Swadeshi

venture in the sea.
7. Why was Collector Ashe killed by Vanchinathan.
 The repressive measures of the British administration.
 Repression of the Swadeshi efforts in Tuticorin.
 The arrest and humiliation of the swadeshi leaders generated

anger among the youth.
 To avenge for the Tirunelveli event.

1. Attempt an account of Swadshi movement in Tamilnadu
 Initially, the movement gained more reaction to the partition of

Bengal.
 The vernacular oratory had a huge impact on the mass
politics in Tamil Nadu.
 Europeans in public places were greeted by the students with
shouts of Vande Mataram.
 During the swadeshi movement ,V.O.C. purchased two
steamships, S.S. Gallia and S.S. Lawoe.
 The swadeshi leadersin Tamil Nadu planned to celebrate the
day of Bipin Chandra Pal‟s release as “Swarajya Day‟ in
Tirunelveli.
 The both Tamil and English press supported the Swadeshi
movement.
 The collector of Tirunelveli, Robert Ashe, was shot dead at
Maniyachi Railway station by Vanchinathan, to avenge the
Tirunelveli event.
2. Write about the role played by V.O. Chidambaram in Indian

14
National Movement.
 He opposition to the monopoly of the British in navigation

through the coast.
 So he registered a joint stock company called The Swadeshi
Steam Navigation Company.
 V.O.C. purchased two steamships, S.S. Gallia and S.S. Lawoe.
 He used the maritime glory of India‟s past for the Swadeshi
venture in the sea.
 The Coral mill workers, who were inspired by the v.o.c
speeches, went on strike.
 As a result the factory owners decided to accept the demands
of the workers.
 He planned to celebrate the day of Bipin Chandra Pal‟s release as
“Swarajya Day‟ in Tirunelveli.
 As a result, he was arrested and sentenced to double life
imprisonment.
Lesson : 3
Impact of World War I on Indian Freedom Movement

1. The Home Rule Movement in south India was started by
(a) Tilak (b) Annie Besant
(c) B.P. Wadia (d) Col. H.S. Olcott
2. Which of the following about Annie Besant are correct?

1. Annie Besant was elected the international president of the
Theosophical Society, after Col. H.S. Olcott.
2. She started a weekly The Commonweal in 1914.
3. She published a book How India Wrought for Freedom in 1915.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
15
3. Assertion: Sarojini Ammaiyar called Jinnah „the Ambassador of

Hindu-Muslim Unity‟.
Reason: Jinnah was the chief architect of the Lucknow pact.
(a) A is correct R does not explain A.
(b) A is correct and R explanations A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) Both A and R are wrong
4. Who founded the Banaras Hindu University?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Madan Mohan Malaviya
(c) Tilak (d) B.P. Wadia
5. The Lucknow session of 1916 is noted for

(a) Resurgence of Muslim League
(b) Temporary merger of Muslims League into Congress
(c) Congress‟ acceptance of League‟s demand for separate
electorates for Muslims
(d) Jinnah‟s negative role in the joint-session of the League and
the Congress
6. Match the following with the help of codes given below.
(A) Ghadar Party - (i) 1916
(B) New India - (ii) 1913
(C) Home Rule - (iii) 1909
(D) Minto-Morley Reforms - (iv) 1915
(a) ii, iv, i, iii (b) iv, i, ii, iii (c) i, iv, iii, ii (d) ii, iii, iv, i
7. The author of the book Indian Unrest was
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Valentine Chirol (c) Tilak (d) Annie
Besant
8. The Ghadar Party was started by
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) A.C. Mazumdar
(c) Lala Hardayal (d) Sankarlal Banker
16
9. Who was the president of the first All-India Trade Union Congress?
(a) B.P. Wadia (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) C.R. Das
1. What were the repressive measures adopted by colonial
government to crush the growing nationalist movement during
1903-1914?
 The Criminal Intelligence Department (CID) 1903.
 The Newspapers (Incitement to Offences) Act (1908)
 The Explosives Substances Act (1908),
 The Indian Press Act (1910)
 The Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act (1911)
 The Foreigners Ordinance (1914)
2. What was the background for the launch of the Khilafat

movement?
 End of the first world war the allied powers decided to end the
caliphate.
 So the Ali brothers – Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana

Shaukat Ali started a Khalifat Movement.
 The aim was to the support the Ottoman Empire.
3. Name the book and weekly published by Annie Besant.
 Name the book : How India Wrought for Freedom

 Name the book weekly magazine : Commonweal
 Daily newspaper : New India
4. Describe the Defence of India Act, 1915.

 Its also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act.
17
 The Act allowed suspects to be tried by special tribunals.

 Three Commissioners were appointed for this act by the Local
Government.
1. Discuss the twin objectives of the Home Rule League?
 The establishment of Home Rule for India in British Empire.

 Arousing in the Indian masses a sense of pride for the
Motherland.
 Annie Besant organized public meetings and conferences to
spread the idea.
 In 1916, two Home Rule Movements were launched in the
country.
2. Why is Ghadar Movement considered an important episode in

India‟s freedom struggle.
 A ship named Komagatamaru, filled with Indian immigrants

was turned back from Canada.
 When the ship returned to India, there was a clash with the
British police.
 In this clash several passengers were killed or arrested .

 This incident left a deep impression on the Indian nationalist
movement.
3. What were the demands of the Khilafat Movement presented to

the Paris peace conference held in March 1920?
 The Sultan of Turkey's position of Caliph should not be
disturbed.
 The Muslim sacred places must be handed over to the Sultan.
 The Sultan must be left with sufficient territory.
18
 The Jazirat-ul-Arab (Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Palestine) must remain

under his sovereignty.
4. What was the impact and significance of the Madras Labour

Union?
 This union was formed mainly due to the ill-treatment of Indian
workers.
 This union adopted collective bargaining.
 It used trade unionism as a weapon for class struggle.
 This wave spread to other parts of India.

1. Highlight the important provisions of Lucknow Pact.
 Provinces should be freed as much as possible from Central

control in administration and finance.
 Four-fifths of the Central and Provincial Legislative Councils
should be elected, and one-fifth to be nominated.
 Four-fifths of the provincial and central legislatures were to be
elected on the franchise.
 Half the executive council members were to be Indians elected
by the councils themselves.
 The Congress also agreed to separate electorates for Muslims
in provincial council elections.
 The Governments, Central and Provincial, should be bound to
act in accordance with resolutions passed by their Legislative
Councils.
 The resolution was passed again after an interval of not less
than one year, it should be put into effect.
2. Narrate the work done by two Home Rule Movements one under
Tilak and another under Annie Besant.
19
Home Rule Movement under Tilak :

 Tilak inaugurated the Home Rule League at Belgaum in April
1916.
 Tilak's League was organised as six branches.
 Tilak popularised the demand for Home Rule through his

lectures.
 On 23 July 1916 Tilak was arrested for propagating the idea of
Home Rule.
Home Rule Movement under Annie Besant:
 Besant inaugurated the Home Rule League at Madras in
September 1916.
 She made an extensive tour and spread the idea of Home Rule.
 She declared that "the price of India's loyalty is India's

Freedom".
 As Besant‟s Home Rule Movement became very popular in
Madras, So the Government of Madras decided to suppress it.
3. Discuss the causes and the tragic outcome of outbreak of

Mappillai revolts in Malabar.
Causes for the Rebellion
 The rebellion was caused by the rise of the Khilafat and the
Non-Cooperation Movement.
 The rebellion was against the British rulers and the Hindu
landlords.
 The basic cause of the revolt was the Muslim peasants of
Malabar who sought land rights.
 This rebellion was basically an agrarian revolt, but communal
passion ran high.
Results of the Rebellion
20
 Police stations, Government offices, courts and government

treasuries were attacked.
 Hindu muslim unity were collapsed.
 The malabar special police force were created and the
rebellion was suppressed.
 Muslim rebels were arrest and sent to the Central Prison in

Podanur in a railway freight wagon.
 Some muslims were died in this "Wagon tragedy".
Lesson : 4
Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation
1. Who was the political guru of Gandhiji?
(a) Tilak (b) Gokhale (c) W.C.Bannerjee (d) M.G. Ranade
2. After returning from South Africa Gandhi launched his first
successful Satyagraha in
(a) Kheda (b) Dandi (c) Champaran (d) Bardoli
3. Why was the Simon Commission boycotted by the Congress?
(a) There was no recommendation for bestowing dominion status
on India in its report.
(b) It did not provide any safeguards for minorities.
(c) It had excluded Indians from its fold.
(d) It did not hold any promise for total independence
4. When was the tri-colour flag of freedom hoisted?
(a) December 31, 1929 (b) March 12, 1930
(c) January 26, 1930 (d) January 26, 1931
5. What was the name of the party formed by Motilal Nehru and C.R.
Das in 1923?
(a) Swaraj Party (b) Ghadar Party (c) Swantara Party (d)
Communist Party
21
6. Match List I with List II and select answer from the codes given
below
(A) The Namasudra Movement - 1. North Western India
(B) The Adidharma Movement - 2. South India
(C) The Satyashodhak Movement - 3. Eastern India
(D) The Dravidian Movement - 4. Western India
codes
(a) 3, 1, 4, 2 (b) 2, 1, 4, 3 (c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 3, 4, 1, 2
7. Arrange the different stages of Non-Cooperation Movement in
chronological order.
1. The most heinous of political crime was perpetrated on an
unarmed mass by the British regime at Amritsar town.
2. Rowlatt Act was promulgated to imprison any person without
trial by a law court.
3. Chauri Chaura incident of mob violence made Gandhi announce
the suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement.
4. A special session held at Calcutta resolved to accept Gandhi‟s
proposal on non- cooperation with the colonial state.
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3 (b) 1, 3, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4, 1, 3 (d) 3, 2, 4, 1
8. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
(a) Lt. Governor of Punjab - Reginald Dyer
(b) Dalit-Bahujan Movement - Dr. Ambedkar
(c) Self Respect Movement - Periyar E.V.R.
(d) Satyagraha Sabha - Rowlatt Act
9. Arrange the launching of the following events in chronological
order
(i) The Kheda Satyagraha (ii) Champaran Movement
(iii) Non-Brahmin Movement (iv) Vedaranyam Salt
Satyagraha
Choose the correct answer from the codes below.
(a) ii, iii, i, iv (b) iii, ii, i, iv (c) ii, i, iv, iii (d) ii, i, iii, iv
22
10. Which of the following is/are not true?

(i) Gandhiji established Sabarmathi Ashram at Ahmedabad.
(ii) Vallabhai Patel was a lawyer
(iii) Simon Commission was welcomed by the Muslim League
(iv) Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Conference
Choose the answer from the code given below
(a) i (b) i and iv (c) ii and iii (d) only iii
11. Non-Cooperation movement included
(A) boycott of government schools and colleges
(B) return of government conferred titles
(C) observing protest fasts
(D) conducting underground movements
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
(a) A and B (b) B and C (c) A and D (d) C and D
12. Assertion (A) : B.R. Ambedkar launched Mahad Satyagraha.
Reason (R) : He wanted to unite Hindus and Muslims.
(a) A is correct R explains A (b) A is correct does not explain R
(c) A is correct, R is wrong (d) A is wrong, R is correct
13. Assertion (A): The Indian Council Act and the Rowlatt Act were
passed in 1919.
Reason (R): It was part of the British policy of winning over the
moderates and isolating the extremists
(a) Both A and R are correct R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong (d) A wrong and R is
correct.
14. Which of the undermentioned personality is unrelated to Swaraj
Party?
(a) Rajaji (b) Chitaranjan Das (c) Motilal Nehru (d)Sathya
murthi
23
15. Gandhi set out on the March and reached Dandi on________
(a) 6th April 1930 (b) 6th March 1930
(c) 4th April 1939 (d) 4th March 1930
1. How was the visit of Prince of Wales to India received?
 The visit of Prince of Wales in 1921 to several cities in India

was also boycotted.
 The government's calculation that the prince of Wales would
induce the spirit of loyalty of the Indian people proved wrong.
 Workers and peasants had gone on strike across the country.
2. Who were the local leaders to accompany Gandhiji to Champran ?
 Rajendra Prasad,
 MazharulHuq,
 AcharyaKripalani ,
 Mahadeva Desai.
3. Why was Servants of India Society founded?

 Servants of India Society founded for train Indians of welfare
work.
 It worked for the welfare of the backward and tribal people.
 Its members were involved in relief and literacy.
4. Write about Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.

 Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by Dr.Ambedkar.
 This mean Association for the welfare of excluded.
 Its main Aim was to secure the removal of disabilities imposed
on untouchables.
5. Why was the Rowlatt Act opposed by the nationalists?
24
 This Act empowered the government to imprison any person

without trial.
 The elected central legislature members also opposing this
bill.
 So Gandhiji's “Satyagraha Sabha‟ pledged to disobey the Act

first.
6. What do you know of the Mahad Satyagraha launched by

Dr.Ambedkhar.
 Its establish for the civic right of the untouchables to public

tanks and wells.
 Ambedkar‟s intellectual and public activities drew the attention

of all concerned.
 He lashed out at the Indian National Congress and the British

officials.
7. What was agreed upon according to Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
 The government agreed to allow people to make salt for their

consumption.
 Release political prisoners who had not indulged in violence.
 Permitted the picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.
1. Write a note on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
 The people had assembled at the Jallianwala Bagh to protest

peacefully against the arrest of their leaders. ( Satyapal and
Saifudding Kitchlew).
 The part where the gathering was held had only one narrow
entrance.
 Dyer ordered firing on the crowd with machine guns Until the
ammunition was empty.
25
 While the official figures of the dead was only about 379.
2. Write about the Dyarchy in provinces.

 Under this “Dyarchy.‟ law and order and finance were
“reserved‟ for the white men.
 They were directly under the control of the Governors.
 The local bodies like health and education were transferred to
representatives of India.
 Ministers holding “transferred subjects‟ were responsible to
the legislatures.
3. What is the importance of the Poona Pact?
 The communal award was modified.

 The Poona Pact took away separate electorates.
 Reservation of seats was guaranteed.
 This reservation seats was incorporated in the constitutional
changes which were made.
5. “The leaders of the non-Brahman movement were using the

same tactics as the early Nationalist in dealing with the colonial
government.” Elaborate.
 Non Brahmin leaders who questioned the supremacy of the
Brahmins and other “superior‟ castes.
 These leaders pleaded with the government through their
associations for justice.
 In this way, these leaders followed the path of the early
Nationalists.
 The colonial government made use of the grievances of the
non-Brahmins to divide and rule India.
6.Point out the difference between pro-changers and no changers.
26
Pro-changers No changers
They proposed a new line of They wanted to continue the
activity. Gandhian line.
They wanted council entry. They opposed council entry.
They wanted to activate entry They argued that electoral
into electoral politics. politics would divert the
attention of nationalists.
7. Write about Communal Award of British Prime Minister Ramsay
MacDonald.
 A meeting between Gandhi and Ambedkar on the separate
electorates ended in failure.
 There was an encounter between the two again in the second
RTC about the same issue.
 So the British government announced Communal Award in

August 1932.
 Ambedkar‟s demands for separate electorates with reserved
seats were conceded.
8. Why was the Congress banned in the aftermath of the

unsuccessful conclusion of three round table conferences?
 The Congress resolved on renewing the civil disobedience
movement.
 The peasants and Workers protested all over the country.
 All key leaders including Nehru, Khan Abdul Gafar Khan and
finally Gandhi were all arrested.
 So the Congress was banned. Special laws were enacted to
crush the agitations.
27
1. Discuss the context of launching of the Non-Cooperation

movement and its outcome.
launching of the Non-Cooperation.

 The Khilafat Conference, at the instance of Gandhi, decided to
launch the non- cooperation movement.
 It was decided to adhere to this non cooperation till the
establishment of self-government.
 To decided that return in government conferred titles and

awards.
 The struggle at a later stage was to include no tax campaign

and mass civil.
Impact of the Non-Cooperation movement

 Schools, colleges and vidyapeethas were established by the
natives.
 Several leading lawyers gave up their practice.
 The visit of Prince of Wales in 1921 to several cities in India

was also boycotted.
 Workers and peasants had gone on strike across the country.
 The Government dealt with repression as usual.
2. In what way was the Civil Disobedient Movement different from

Non-cooperation Movement?
Non-cooperation Movement
 The non cooperation movement has both a positive and

negative approaches.
 In the positive scheme included the Swadeshi, khadi spinning,

removal of untouchability and Hindumuslim Unity.
 The negative approach included the legislative, judicial and
foreign boycott.
28
 During this Movement, Riots and poor violence were held. Civil
Disobedient Movement
 It was a ethical protest against the unjust tax on salt.
 Many Indians were joined Gandhi in defiance of the ban on the

production of salt.
 It was symbolic of the refusal of Indians to be under the

repressive colonial government and its unjust laws.
 This Movement was a struggle based on non violent

crusaders.
3. Estimate the role of Mahathma Gandhi in the Indian Freedom

Struggle.
 The first attempt at mobilizing the Indian masses was made by
Gandhi on an invitation by peasants of Champaran.
 Gandhi called upon the people to observe “hartal‟ in 1919
against the Rowlatt Act.
 He combined it with the Khilafat issue which brought Hindus
and Muslims together.
 The Khilafat Conference, at the instance of Gandhi, decided to
launch the non- cooperation movement.
 Gandhi promised Swaraj, if Indians participated in the non-
cooperation movement on non-violent mode within a year.
 As a part of the civil disobedience movement Gandhi started
“Dandi March”.
 During the second world war, Gandhi decided the way of
individual Satyagraha in India.
 In 1942, Gandhi rejected the Cripps proposal, and started the
Quit India Movement.
4. Sketch the educational career of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar with particular
29
focus on his activism to secure social justice to the depressed

classes?
 Ambedkar was always concerned about the education and
employment of Dalits.
 Ambedkar believed that education was the most important
means of raising the dalit‟s standard of living.
 He fought for the education of masses without discrimination
of caste and sex.
 His famous slogan was “Educate, unite, struggle”.
 He wanted to use education to establish justice, equality,
fraternity, in society.
 He said, the scheduled castes will benefit more by advanced
education in science and technology.”
 He also demanded scholarships for Dalit students.
 He raised the issue of representation of SCs in the Central
Education Advisory Board.
Lesson : 5
Period of Radicalism in Anti-imperialist Struggles

1. Communist Party of India was formed in the year
(a) 1920 (b) 1925 (c) 1930 (d) 1935
2. Kalpana Dutt was associated with
(a) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (b) Bengal
Association
(c) Indian Republican Army (d) None of the above
3. Match the following
(A) Kanpur Conspiracy Case - 1. Fundamental
rights
(B) Meerut Conspiracy Case - 2. Surya Sen
(C) Chittagong Armoury Ride - 3. 1929
30
(D) Karachi Session of Indian National Congress - 4. 1924

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
4. Who died in jail after 64 days of hunger strike?
(a) Pulin Das (b) Sachin Sanyal
(c) Jatindra Nath Das (d) Preet Waddadar
5. Which of the following about Great Depression are true?
(i) It started in North America
(ii) The crash in the Wall Street triggered the Depression
(iii) Depression hit only the rich
(iv) Labourers enjoyed better living conditions during the
Depression because of fall in prices.
(a) i and ii (b) i, ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i, iii and iv
6. The First Cotton Mill in Bombay was started in
(a) 1852 (b) 1854 (c) 1861 (d) 1865
7. Find out which of the following statements are correct with the help
of the code given below.
I. Chittagong Armoury Raiders‟ Reminiscences was written by
Kalpana Dutt.
II. Kalpana Dutt fought carrying guns for the liberation of her
mother land.
III. She was charged with „waging war against the King Emperor‟.
(a) Only I (b) I and II (c) II and III (d) all the above
8. The first passenger train ran in 1853 between
(a) Madras – Arakkonam (b) Bombay – Pune
(c) Bombay – Thane (d) Kolkata – Hoogly
9. The first Jute Mill in Calcutta was founded in
(a) 1855 (b) 1866 (c) 1877 (d) 1888
10. Who among the following was arrested in the Kanpur Conspiracy
Case?
(a) M.N. Roy (b) Baghat Singh (c) S.A. Dange (d) Ram Prasad
Bismil
31
11. Which of the following statements about the Kanpur conspiracy

case are true?
(i) Trade unions emerged in the jute and cotton textile industries.
(ii) The Communists and trade unionists were charged
(iii) The case came before session Judge H.E. Holmes
(iv) The trial and the imprisonment led to some awareness of the
Congress activities in India
Codes
(a) i, ii and iii (b) i, iii and iv (c) ii, iii and iv (d) i, ii and
iv
1. Name the three British communists sent by the Communist Party
of Great Britain to help build the party in India.
 Philip Spratt, Ban Bradley, Lester Hutchinson.
2. Identify the persons who appeared and defended the accused in

the Meerut Conspiracy Case.
 K.F. Nariman and M.C. Chagla.
3. What do you know of the notorious Sessions Judge of Gorakhpur

H.E. Holmes?
 The Kanpur Conspiracy case came before Sessions Judge
H.E. Holmes .
 He also served as Sessions Judge of Gorakhpur.
 He gave death sentence to 172 peasants for their involvement

in the Chauri Chaura case.
4. Which incident was known as the Second Lahore Conspiracy

Case?
 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, JatindraNath Das and 21
others were arrested and tried for the murder of Saunders.
32
 This case was known as the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case.
 In this case that Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were

sentenced to death.
5. Why is J.N. Tata called the father of Indian modern industry?
 He was the first successful Indian entrepreneur, so he called

the father of Indian modern industry.
 His trading company evolved into the Tata Group.
 He called one of his factories established in Bombay as
"Swadeshi".

1. Explain how Surya Sen organised the Chitagong Armoury Raid.
 He planned a rebellion to occupy Chittagong in a guerrilla-

style operation.
 They planned to cut off all communication networks to isolate
the region.
 Simultaneous attacks were launched on telegraph offices, the
armoury and the police barracks.
 Finally the Chittagong armouries were raided on the night of
18 April 1930.
2. Write a short note on TISCO.

 Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) – was set up by the
Tatas in 1907.
 It was set up by a part of swadeshi effort in Sakchi, Bihar.
 In 1912–13 its production was 31,000 tons.
 Its production increased to 1,81,000 tons in 1917–18.
3. Write about the contribution of Singaravelu to the promotion of

trade unionism in South India.
33
 Along with Thiru. V. Kalyanasundaram, he organised many

trade unions in South India.
 He organised the first ever celebration of May Day in the
country (1923).
 He attending Communist Conference of different communist
groups.(1925).
 He was one of the main organisers of the strike in South Indian
Railways (1928).

1. Discuss Bhagat Singh‟s radical strand of nationalism, and his
revolutionary activitsm that led to his hanging.
 He was one of the leader in the Hindustan Socialist Republican
Association.
 The image that comes to our mind at the very mention of
Bhagat Singh‟s name is that of the bomb he threw in the
Central Legislative Assembly.
 They chose the day on which the Trade Disputes Bill, an
introduced in the assembly.
 Bhagat Singh and his commerades were arrested in
Saunders murder case.
 He said, „the days of capitalism and imperialism are numbered.
 He also said, Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind.
 In 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged in the Lahore Jail.
 Until his last breath, he shouting Inquilab Zindabad.
2. Write an account of the industrial development in colonial India

during 1919-1939.
 The inter-war period registered growth in indian
manufacturing industries was far better than Britain and world
34
average.
 After a short slug in 1923–24, the output of textile industry
began to pick up.
 During the interwar period, the number of looms and spindles
increased considerably.
 Other two industries which registered impressive growth were
sugar and cement.
 In shipping industry, the Scindia Steam Navigation Company
Limited (1919) was the pioneer.
 In 1939, they even took over the Bombay Steam Navigation
Company Ltd., a British concern.
 During the inter-war period, many machineries, aircrafts,
locomotives industries were started.
 A cement factory started at Madukkarai in Coimbatore district.
3. Examine the importance of Karachi session of India National

Congress in articulating the socio-economic political aspirations,
under the pressure of Great Depression.
 In the context of great agrarian distress, deepened by world-
wide economic depression..
 So the Congress adopted a no-rent and no-tax campaign as a
part of its civil disobedience programme.
 Under the pressure of Great Depression, socio-economic
demands were sharply articulated in its Karachi Session of the
INC.
 During this time Peasants organised themselves into Kisan
Sabhas, and they participated the freedom struggle.
 Industrial workers also organized the trade unions, and they
participate the freedom struggle.
 The Congress , which was now Nehru‟s leadership, began to
talk about an egalitarian society based on social and
35
economic justice.
 The Karachi session held in March 1931, presided over by
Sardar Valabhbhai Patel, adopted a resolution on Fundamental
Rights and Duties.
 In this session, provided an insight into what the economic
policy of an independent India.
Lesson : 6
Communalism in Nationalist Politics
1. During the Mughal Period the Official and Court language was
(a) Urdu (b) Hindi (c) Marathi (d) Persian
2. The first Indian to find a place in London Privy Council
(a) Rahmatullah Sayani (b) Sir Syed Ahmed
(c) Syed Ameer Ali (d) Badruddin Tyabji
3. Assertion: The Bengal government‟s order of 1870 created
apprehension in the minds of Muslim professional groups.
Reason: It replaced Urdu by Hindi and the Perso-Arabic script in
the courts and offices.
(a) A is correct R does not explain A.
(b) A is correct and R explains A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct. (d) Both A and R are wrong
4. The Two Nation Theory first came from

(a) Rajaji (b) Ramsay MacDonald
(c) Mohammad Iqbal (d) Sir Wazir Hasan
5. In the 1937 elections, Congress won in

(a) 12 Provinces (b) 7 Provinces (c) 5 Provinces (d) 8
Provinces
36
6. The Muslim League celebrated the end of Congress rule as a Day of

Deliverance on
(a) 22 December 1940 (b) 5 February 1939
(c) 23 March 1937 (d) 22 December 1939
7. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the
codes given below
List- I List- II
(A) Annie Besant - 1. Aligarh Movement
(B) Syed Ahmed Khan - 2. Dayanand Saraswati
(C) Khilafat Movement - 3. Theosophical Society
(D) Suddhi Movement - 4. Ali Brothers
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 3 4 1
8. Find out the correct answer from the following:
i) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the founder of Aligarh movement, was
initially supportive of the Congress.
ii) The Punjab Hindu Sabha founded in 1909 laid the foundation for
Hindu communal politics.
(a) Statement (i) & (ii) are correct (b) statement (i) correct (ii)
wrong
(c) Statement (i) wrong (ii) correct (d) statement (i) & (ii) are wrong
9. Direct Action Day organised by the Muslim League on
(a) 25 December, 1942 (b) 16 August, 1946
(c) 21 March, 1937 (d) 22 December, 1939
10. Wavell was succeeded by
(a) Linlithgow (b) Pethic Lawrence
(c) Mountbatten (d) Chelmsford
37
11. Assertion (A): The institution of separate electorate was the

principle adopted by the British Government for fostering and
spreading communalism.
Reason (R): The people were split into separate constituencies so
that they voted communally.
(a) A is correct, R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) A is correct, R is wrong
(c) A and R are wrong
(d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A
12. Match the following and choose the correct answer form the
codes given below
(A) Hindu Revivalism 1. M.S. Golwalkar
(B) Abolition of the Caliphate 2. Arya Samaj
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai 3. 1924
(D) RSS 4. Partition of the Punjab into Hindu
and Muslim Provinces
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 1 3 2 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
1. Why was supported to British by syed Ahmad khan?
 The competitive examinations for the government service
began to increase the fear of Muslims.
 So Syed and his followers decided to work for close
collaboration with the Government.
 He also thought that in a country ruled by Hindus, Muslims
would not get adequate help.
38
2. Write a short note on Separate Electorate or Communal Electorate:

 Under this arrangement only Muslims could vote for the
Muslim candidates.
 Minto-Morley reforms act granted separate constitutional
identity to the Muslims.
 This separate electorates incorporation of the principle of
“divide and rule” into a formal constitutional arrangement.
3. What were the demands put forth by Muslim under the leadership
of Aga Khan.
 Representation of Muslims in government jobs.
 Appointment of Muslim judges in High Courts.
 Muslims were the members in Viceroy‟s council.
4. Write about the sixth annual conference of the All India Hindu
Mahasabha held in Varanasi in 1923.
 This conference was held to place their demand for
autonomous institutions.
 At this conference, the United Provinces, Punjab, Delhi, Bihar,
Madras, Bombay and Bengal were sent their as
representatives.
 Most of the delegates were attending from the United
Provinces.
1. How did Gandhi view the Malabar Rebellion of 1921.
 Basically it was an agrarian revolt.
 But communal passion ran high in this revolt.
 So Gandhi himself viewed it as a Hindu-Muslim conflict.
 Gandhi wanted Muslim leaders to tender a public apology for
39
the happenings in Malabar.
2. Highlight the objectives of the first centrally-organized political

party of Muslims.
 To promote among the Muslims of India feelings of loyalty to

the British Government.
 To remove any misconception that may arise as to the
instruction of Government.
 To protect and advance the political rights and interests of

Muslims of India.
 To prevent the rise among the Muslims of India of any feeling of

hostility towards other communities.
3. State the importance of Minto-Morley reforms of 1909.
 This act gave separate constituencies for muslims.
 It granted separate constitutional identity to the Muslims.
 This separate electorates incorporation of the principle of

 it was made completely estrangement, the Hindus and Muslims.
4. . What were the proposals of the Delhi Conference of Muslims held

in 1927?
 The separation of Sind from Bombay.
 Reforms for the Frontier and Baluchistan.
 Representation by population in the Punjab and Bengal.
 33 % seats for the Muslims in the Central Legislature.

1. Trace the origin and growth of communalism in British India.
 Hindu, revivalism found its voice in politics through the Arya

Samaj.
40
 Islam was securing its articulation through the Aligarh

movement.
 The Wahabi movement had wanted to take Islam to its pristine
purity.
 During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Muslim supporters
of the Swadeshi movement were condemned as “Congress
touts.”
 The British government lent legitimacy and prestige to
communal ideology.
 Local administrative bodies provided the scope for pursuing
communal politics.
 Lal Chand condemned the Indian National Congress for
pursuing a policy of appeasing Muslims.
 The most aggravating factor was Tilak‟s effort to mobilise
Hindus through the Ganapati festival.
2. How did the divide and rule policy of the British impact on Indian
nationalism?
 The object of the British was to check development of a
composite Indian identity.
 To forestall attempts at consolidation and unification of
Indians.
 Separate electorates were distributed as part of the policy of
divide and rule.
 The announcement of separate electorates, the principle of

 The consequence of such sectarian approaches followed by all
parties led to increasing animosity.
 As a result, In North India enmity between Hindus and Muslims
grew.
41
 The last decades of the nineteenth century was marked by a

number of Hindu– Muslim riots.
 The policy of divide and rule of the British led to the emergence
of the Muslim League. This led to the partition of India.
3. Hindu nationalism, Muslim nationalism and Indian nationalism

were equally responsible for the partition of the country. How?
Hindu nationalism, responsible for the partition of the country:
 The Hindu Mahasabha, represented the forces of Hindu

revivalism in the political domain, raised the slogan of “Akhand
Hindustan”.
 They openly advocated that the non-Hindu people in Hindustan

must adopt the Hindu culture and language.
 LalaLajpatRai openly advocated the partition of the Punjab into
Hindu and Muslim Provinces.
Muslim nationalism, responsible for the partition of the country:
 Muslim supporters of the Swadeshi movement were
condemned as “Congress touts.”
 During the Khilafat movement, Muslims were engaged in
religious mobilization.
 The demonstration of Nationalist Muslims was dubbed as anti-
Islamic and denigrated.
Indian nationalism, responsible for the partition of the country:
 Congress was unable to prevent the involvement of its
members in the activities of Hindu communal organisations.
 Congress men‟s participation in campaigns of the AryaSamaj
further estranged Hindus and Muslims.
 Tilak, Aurobindo Gosh and LalaLajpatRai aroused Nationalism
by using religious symbols. it was most aggravating factor for
the hindu Muslim conflict.
42
Lesson : 7
Last Phase of Indian National Movement
1. When did „Individual Satyagraha‟ begin?
(a) March 23, 1940 (b) August 8, 1940

(c) 17 October 1940 (d) August 9, 1942
A. Hindu-Muslim Riot - 1. Mohan Singh
B. August Offer - 2. Govind Ballabh Pant
C. Proposal of Partition - 3. Lord Linlithgow
D. Indian National Army - 4. Naokhali
Resolution
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 2 4 1
3. The Cripps Mission visited India during the regime of
(a) Lord Wavell (b) Lord Linlithgow
(c) Lord Mountbatten (d) None of these
(A) US President - 1. Tojo
(B) Chinese President - 2. Winston Churchill
(C) British Prime Minister - 3. Chiang Kai-Shek
(D) Japanese Prime Minister - 4. F.D. Roosevelt
A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
43
(d) 4 2 3 1
5. When was Subhash Chandra Bose removed from the congress?

(a) 1938 (b) 1939 (c) 1940 (d) 1942
6. Mahatma Gandhi gave the call „Do or Die‟ during the
(a) Civil Disobedience Movement (b) Non-Cooperation Movement
(c) Quit India Movement (d) All of the above
7. Who ran clandestine radio operations at Bombay during the Quit
India Movement?
(a) Usha Mehta (b) Preeti Waddadar
(c) Asaf Ali (d) Captain Lakshmii
8. Who appeared in court in defence of the INA soldiers
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Motilal Nehru
(c) Rajaji (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
9. Who was the Viceroy of India when the Quit India Movement started
in 1942?
(c) Lord Mountbatten (d) Winston Churchill
10. Assertion (A): Quit India Movement could not achieve its goal.
Reason (R): The government of the day adopted a very repressive
policy.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
11. INA was founded with the help of
(a) Germany (b) Japan (c) France (d) USA
12. Name the regiment of Indian National Army consisting of women
soldiers.
44
(a) Subhash regiment (b) Kasturba regiment

(c) Captain Lakshmi Regiment (d) Rani of Jhansi regiment
13. Where did Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose form the Provincial
Government of Free India?
(a) Rangoon (b) Malaya (c) Imphal (d) Singapore
14. The INA trials took place in
(a) Red Fort, New Delhi (b) Penang
(c) Viceregal Lodge, Simla (d) Singapore
15. Which Viceroy convened the „Simla Conference‟ in 1945?
(c) Lord Mountbatten (d) Clement Attlee
16. Interim Government of 1946 was headed by
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Moulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Vallabhai Patel
17. Arrange the following in correct order
(i) Formation of Indian National Army (ii) Royal Indian Navy
Revolt
(iii) Indian National Army Trials (iv) Rajaji formula
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
(a) ii, i, iii, iv (b) i, iv, iii, ii (c) iii, iv, i, ii (d) iii, iv, ii, i
18. Which is the correct sequence of the following events?
(i) INA Trial (ii) Direct Action Day
(iii) August Offer (iv) Individual Satyagraha
Select the answer from the codes below:
(a) i, ii, iii, iv (b) iii, i, ii, iv (c) iii, iv, i, ii (d) i, iii, iv, ii
19. Name the British Prime Minster who announced the transfer of
power to the Indian hands?
(a) Winston Churchill (b) Lord Mountbatten
45
(c) Clement Attlee (d) F.D. Roosevelt

20. British had their intention to leave India by
(a) August 15, 1947 (b) January 26, 1950
(c) June, 1948 (d) December, 1949
1. What is the importance of Lahore resolution?
 The demand for a separate nation for Muslims.
 The Muslim League and its associates proposed this demand.
 The resolution gave the British an opportunity to reject the
litigations with Congress.
2. State the main features of August Offer.

 Dominion status at some unspecified future.
 Setting up a War Advisory Council with Indians in it.
 Recognition of the rights of the minority.
3. Why was the Cripps Mission rejected by the Congress?
 The offer of Dominion Status was too little.
 The idea of nominated members for the Princely States to the

constitution-making body.
 The possibility of partition.
4. Why did the talks at Simla Conference break down.
 The talks broke down on the right to nominate members to the

Viceroy‟s Council.
 The Muslim League insisted on its exclusive right to nominate
Muslim members to the Council.
 Congress did not accept muslim league rights, so Simla
Conference proved to be a failure.
46
5. How did Captain Mohan Singh organise the INA?
 The Indian Prisoners of War with the Japanese were left under
Mohan Singh‟s command.
 The fall of Singapore to the Japanese forces added to the

strength of the POWs and Mohan Singh.
 Mohan Singh drafted about 40,000 men in the Indian National
Army by the end of 1942.
1. Name the organisations which did not participate in the Quit India
Movement.
 The Muslim League,
 The Shiromani Akali Dal and
 The Hindu MahaSabha.
2. Discuss the proposals of Sir Strafford Cripps

 Cripps promised Dominion Status after the war.
 He also promised constitution-making body after the war.
 The constitution-making body was to be elected Members by
the provincial assemblies.
 It also nominated members from the Princely states.
3. Explain the reasons for the removal of S.C. Bose from the INC.
 Most of the congress leaders refused cooperation with

S.C.Bose. So Bose resigned the AICC president.
 Bose founded the Forward Bloc to function within the
Congress
 He carried on his revolutionary activities independently with
the Congress movement.
 So he was eventually removed from all positions in the AICC in
August 1939.
47
4. Who were the Muslim League representatives in the Interim

Government formed in 1946?
 Liaquat Ali Khan,
 I.I. Chundrigar,
 A. R. Nishtar,
 Ghazanfar Ali Khan and
 Jogendra Nath Mandal.
5. What was the context in which Gandhi thought of Quit India

Movement?
 The proposals of the Cripps made Gandhiji lose faith in the
British.
 The colonial government‟s adamant stand against any
assurance of independence .
 Subhas Bose‟s campaign to join hands with the Axis powers in
the fight for independence.
 Bose had addressed the people of India on the Azad Hind
Radio broadcast from Germany in 1942.
 This was the context in which Gandhi thought of the Quit India
movement.

1. Discuss the course of the Quit India Movement.
 When Gandhi announced the Quit India Movement, all the

leaders of the INC, including Gandhi, were arrested.
 The immediate response to the pre-dawn arrests was hartals
in almost all the towns where the people clashed.
 The early stage of the struggle was centred in urban areas.
 It spread in its second phase into the villages.
 The police shot dead 1060 persons during the same period.
48
 At least 205 policemen defected and joined the rebels.
 The British unleashed “white terror” using and that “reprisals

the rule of the day”.
 The press being censored, the rebels set up a clandestine
radio broadcast system from Bombay.
 The Quit India movement was the most powerful on slaught
against the colonial state hitherto.
2. How far was the INA Trial instrumental in intensifying the freedom
struggle?
 The Indian National Congress fielded its best lawyers in
defence of the INA soldiers.
 The trials made a huge impact in inspiring the masses.
 The INA figured more prominently as an issue in all election

meetings than even the Congress‟s pitch for votes in the
elections.
 The press in India reported the trials with all empathy and
editorials sought the soldiers freed immediately.
 Hartals and even general strikes across the nation demanding
release of the soldiers.
 The funds were raised for the defence of INA soldiers.
 The INA Week was reiterated and the immediate release of the
soldiers was emphasized.
 Although the trial court found Sehgal, Dhillon and Shah
Nawaz Khan guilty of treason, the commander in chief remitted
the sentences and set them free.
3. Write a paragraph about the Rajaji Formula.

 A post-war commission to be formed to demarcate the
contiguous districts where the Muslims were in absolute
49
majority.
 A plebiscite of the adult population there to ascertain whether
they would prefer Pakistan.
 In case of a partition there would be a mutual agreement .
 Defence and communication should be in this mutual
agreement .
 The border districts could choose to join either of the two
sovereign states.
 The implementation of the scheme would wait till the full
transfer of power.
 Gandhi, proposed talks with Jinnah based on what came to be
the “Rajaji formula”.
 But no decision has been reached in this speech.
4. Why is the Royal Indian Revolt considered a glorious chapter in

the history of Indian National Movement?
 B.C. Dutt, a in the HMIS Talwar was arrested for scribbling
“Quit India” on the panel of the ship.
 This provoked a strike by the 1,100 ratings on the ship.
 They condemed, racist behaviour and abuses that were the

norm of the English commanders.
 There were strikes, expressing support to the ratings in the
Royal Indian Air Force stationed in Bombay, Poona, Calcutta,
Jessore and Ambala units.
 The ratings, in many places, hoisted the Congress, the
Communist, and the Muslim League flags together on the ship
masts during the revolt.
 The colonial government‟s response was brutal repression.
 Sardar Vallabhai Patel, then in Bombay, took the initiative to

bring the revolt to an end.
 The RIN mutiny, however, was indeed a glorious chapter in the
50
Indian National Movement.
Lesson : 8
Reconstruction of Post-colonial India
1. Match the following.
(A) JVP Committee - 1. 1928
(B) Sir Cyril Radcliffe - 2. State Reorganisation
(C) Fazl Ali - 3. 1948
(D) Nehru Committee Report - Commission
4. Boundary Commission
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 2 3 1
2. Arrange the following in chronological order.
(i) Atlee‟s announcement on India‟s independence
(ii) Interim Government under Nehru
(iii) Lord Mountbatten Plan
Choose the answer from the codes given below:

(a) ii, i, iii (b) i, ii, iii (c) iii, ii, i (d) ii, iii, i
3. Match the following.
(A) People‟s Republic of China - 1. Belgrade
(B) Bandung Conference - 2. March 1947
(C) Asian Relations Conference - 3. April 1955
(D) Birth of Non- Aligned - 4. January 1, 1950
Movement
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
51
(d) 3 2 4 1
4. Which is the correct sequence of the following events?
(i) People‟s Republic of China (ii) India‟s war with China
(iii) Meeting of the Constituent Assembly
(iv) Panch Sheel (v) Nehru-Liaquat Ali Khan Pact
Select the answer from the codes below:
(a) i, ii, iii, iv, v (b) iii, i, v, iv, ii (c) iii, iv, i, v, ii (d) i, iii, iv, v, ii
5. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on
(a) January, 30, 1948 (b) August 15, 1947
(c) January, 30, 1949 (d) October, 2, 1948
6. Who was the first to raise the demand for Andhra province ?
(a) Potti Sriramulu (b) Pattabhi Sitaramayya
(c) K.M. Panikkar (d) T. Prakasam
7. The Objectives Resolution before the Constituent Assembly was
placed by
(a) Rajendra Prashad (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Vallabh bhai Patel (d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
8. The Congress ensured the election of Dr B.R. Ambedkar from a
seat in
(a) Amethi (b) Bombay (c) Nagpur (d) Mhow
9. Assertion (A): Radcliffe‟s award contained all kinds of anomalies.
Reason (R): Despite anomalies the award was accepted by all
stakeholders.
(c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
10. The Constituent Assembly was convened for the first time on
(a) March 22, 1949 (b) January 26,1946
(c) December 9, 1946 (d) December 13, 1946
52
11. The adoption of the Constitution was on

(a) January 30, 1949 (b) August 15, 1947
(c) January 30, 1949 (d) November 26, 1949
12. The first State formed on linguistic basis was
(a) Kashmir (b) Assam (c) Andhra (d) Orissa
1. What do you know of Instrument of Accession?

 A legal document, introduced in Government of India Act,
1935.
 This document was used, during the partition of india.
 Accordingly, the princely states were given the opportunity to
join India or Pakistan.
2. Describe the composition of Constituent Assembly.

 The Constituent Assembly was setup under the plan of
Cabinet Mission.
 The constituent assembly members were indirectly elected by
the provincial legislators.
 Rajendra Prasad was elected the chairman of the House.
3. What is the significance of article 370 of the Constitution?

 Autonomous status was given to the State of Jammu and
Kashmir.
 During the partition of India, Kashmir too became an integral
part of the Indian Union.
 This status was given by the promise of the Indian leaders
during the partition of India.
4. What justified the “police action” in Hyderabad to get it integrated
53
into union of India?

 “The police Action was executed” in Hyderabad, after the
Nizam declared his independence.
 Following Nizam's announcement, there was a movement of
the Telangana people led by the communists.
 Which provided the legitimacy to “the police action”.
5. What was the essence of the JVP Committee‟s recommendations?

 The JVP committee rejected the demand for linguistic states.
 Because that demand, in given context had narrow

provincialism.
 “while language is a binding force, it is also a separating one”
1. How was the Raja of Kashmir made to sign the Instrument of
Accession?
 During the Partition of India, Maharaja of Kashmir was
opposed to Annexation in India.
 But Maharaja Hari Singh could not stop the Marauders from
Pakistan raided Kashmir.
 When Hari Singh sought India's help, Patel said he should sign
the annexure.
 Accordingly, the King of Kashmir signed the Annexure .
2. What are the hallmarks of our Indian Constitution?
 Fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy.
 The principle of universal adult franchise, and an autonomous

election commission.
 The independence of the judiciary.
 A sovereign law-making powers with the representatives of the

people.
54
3. Highlight the tragic consequences of Partition.

 Communal riots had become normal in many parts of India.
 Minorities on both sides lived in fear.
 In both countries property left behind by the fleeing families
were up for grabs.
 Trains from either side of the new border in the Punjab were
many of with piles of dead bodies.
4. Explain the five principles of PanchSheel.

 Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and
sovereignty
 Mutual non-aggression
 Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs
 Equality and cooperation for mutual benefit
 Peaceful co-existence
1. What were the problems in the merger of princely states with the
Indian Union and how they were ably handled by Patel and Nehru.
The problems in the merger of princely states with the Indian Union
 The ruler of Hyderabad, Nizam declaring his kingdom as
independent.
 The ruler of Junagadh wanted to join Pakistan, much against
the wishes of the people.
 Similarly, the Hindu ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh,
declared that Kashmir would remain independent.
 These activities delayed the complete attainment of the Indian
Union.
The role of Nehru and Patels in the incorporation of the princely
states in the Indian Union
 Nehru announced, that there will be offer for generous privy
55
purse to the princes.

 India had taken military action with in 48 hours and annexed
Hyderabad with the Indian Union .
 Patel held a public referendum on the Junagadh people and
annexed with Indian Union.
 Maharaja Hari Singh could not stop the Marauders from
Pakistan raided Kashmir.
 When Hari Singh sought India's help, Patel said he should sign
the annexure.
2. Trace the different stages in the reorganization of Indian States

from 1920 to 1956.
 The idea of linguistic reorganisation of states was integral to

the national movement, since 1920.
 Nehru Report also said “The re distribution of provinces
should take place on a linguistic basis on the demand.
 In 1946, Pattabhi Sitaramayya raised the demand for an

Andhra Province in Constituent Assembly.
 In 1948, Chairman Rajendra Prasad set up a 3-member
commission for this demand.
 The idea of linguistic states revived soon after the first

general elections.
 Potti Sriramulu‟s started fast demanding a separate state of

Andhra and he was died in 1952.
 This led to the constitution of the States Reorganisation
Commission under the leadership of Fasli Ali.
 Based on the report of the Committee, the States have enacted
the Reorganisation Act (1956) and the linguistic States were
constituted.
56
3. What were the basic principles of India‟s foreign policy? What role
did Prime minister Nehru in organizing the Afro-Asian countries
into a non-aligned movement.
Basic principles of India‟s foreign policy:
 Anti-colonialism, and anti-racism.
 non-alignment with the super powers.
 Afro-Asian Unity.
 Non-aggression.
 Non-interference in other‟s internal affairs.
 Mutual respect for each other‟s sovereignty.
 The promotion of world peace and security.
Role of nehru in organizing the Afro-Asian countries into a non-
aligned movement.
 The Bandung Conference laid the foundation for the non-
aligned movement.
 The importance of non-alignment and its essence in such a
world is best explained Nehru.
 Nehru said we object to forcing the new nations of Asia and
Africa into their cold war machine.
 In 1961 when he stood with Nasser of Egypt and Tito of
Yugoslavia to call for peace.
Lesson : 9
Envisioning a New Socio-Economic Order
1. Arrange the following in chronological order.
(i) Laws abolishing zamindari system
(ii) Adoption of High Yielding Variety of seeds
57
(iii) First Land Ceiling Act, Tamilnadu

Choose the answer from the codes given below:
(a) ii, i, iii (b) i, iii, ii (c) iii, ii, i (d) ii, iii, i
2. Government of India was committed to a pattern of development.
(a) Capitalistic (b) Socialistic (c) Theocratic (d) Industrial
3. When was the first amendment to the constitution of India made?
(a) 1951 (b) 1952 (c) 1976 (d) 1978
4. Match the following and choose the correct answer from the codes
given blow.
A. Industrial Development Policy - 1. 1951-56
B. IISc
Resolution - 2. Second Five Year Plan
C. Mahalanobis - 3. 1909
D. First Five Year Plan - 4. 1956
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 2 3 1
5. Land Ceiling Act in Tamilnadu was for the second time

implemented in the year
(a) 1961 (b) 1972 (c) 1976 (d) 1978
6. Bhoodan movement was started by
(a) Ram Manohar Lohia b) Jayaprakash Narayan
(c) Vinoba Bhave (d) Sundar Lal Bahuguna
7. Assertion (A): Zamindari abolition achieved only a part of the
original objective.
Reason (R): Many zamindars managed to evict their tenants and
claim that the land was under their personal cultivation.
58
(c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
8. The Industrial Development and Regulation Act was passed in the
year
(a) 1951 (b) 1961 (c) 1971 (d) 1972
9. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was
passed in the year
(a) 2005 (b) 2006 (c) 2007 (d) 2008
10. In which year did Indian public sector enterprises face severe
problems
(a) 1961 (b) 1991 (c) 2008 (d) 2005
11. MGNREG Act provided days work for an individual.
(a) 200 (b) 150 (c) 100 (d) 75
12. When was Tata Institute of Fundamental Research established?
(a) 1905 (b) 1921 (c) 1945 (d) 1957
13. How many public sector enterprises were functioning in India in
1951?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 225
1. Give an account of the conditions of the Indian economy at the
time of independence.
 The level of poverty was very high.
 many skilled artisans had lost their livelihood.
 The per capita income from agriculture was very low.
2. What were the immediate tasks before the new government

headed by Jawaharlal Nehru?
 Developing the economy.
 Improving conditions in agriculture.
 Widening the manufacturing sector.
59
 Increasing employment and reducing poverty.
3. What do you understand by the Socialistic Pattern of Society?

 The reduction of inequalities.
 Elimination of exploitation.
 Prevention of concentration of wealth.
 All citizens would have an equal opportunity to education and
employment.
4. Point out the two important considerations that determined the

setting up of public sector enterprises in the wake of India‟s
independence.
1.The ideological level. 2. The practical level
1.In ideological level,
To establish greater control over the economy in the
development of a socialistic pattern .
2.In practical level,
The Government accepts responsibility for creating heavy
industries.
5. Write about the Bhoodan movement.

 Bhoodan movement was started by Vinoba Bhave.
 Its aim was persuade large land owners to surrender their
surplus land voluntarily.
 Vinoba Bhave's Efforts attracted much public attention.

1. What are the main objectives of the Tenancy reforms?
 To regulate the rent.
 To secure the rights of the tenant.
 Expropriating the land of the land owners.
60
 To confer ownership rights on the tenants.
2. What was the outcome of Green Revolution in India?

 India achieved self-sufficiency in food production.
 Productivity also increased.
 The government stored large quantity of food grains receiving
from the farmers.
 To ensure food security for the people.
3. Describe the Integrated Rural Development Programme introduced

by the Union Government in the 1980s.
 The objective of the scheme is to improve the economic status
of rural families.
 In this plan, Government supply of cows or goats for dairying.
 This plan also help to set up small shops or other trade-related
businesses.
 The subsidy varied according to the economic situation of the
family receiving assistance.
4. What were the reasons for agricultural backwardness in India?

 1. Institutional factors and 2.Technological factors.
 Institutional factors refer to the social and economic relations
between the land-owners and the cultivators.
 Technological factors relate to did not use of better seeds, use
of chemical fertilizers, use of machinery.
5. What were the factors which contributed to the poor performance

of the public sector enterprises?
 Delays in construction resulted in cost overrun.
 Administrative prices were not always under control.
 Public sector units were also over staffed.
61

1. Highlight the measures adopted by the Government of India
towards rural reconstruction.
 Integrated Rural Develop restructured as a programme to
promote self-employment of the rural poor.
 in this scheme Government giving at least 100 days of wage
employment each year of every household.
 In the absence of agricultural services for three months every
year, other jobs were provided.
 Accordingly, roads, canals, small irrigation works and
construction work were provided in rural areas.
 No contractors are to be involved.
 One-third of the workers would be women.
 Men and women would be paid the same wage.
 This has also reduced the migration of agricultural workers to
urban areas.
2. Assess the educational progress made in independent India.

 Literacy levels have increased in India from 18.3% in 1951 to
74% in 2011.
 Female literacy still lags behind the male literacy rate at 65%
as compared to 82% among men.
 There has been a great increase in the number of schools from
the primary to senior high school.
 In 2014 - 15 there were 12.72 lakh primary and upper primary
schools, 2.45 lakh secondary and higher secondary schools,
38,498 colleges in the country.
 Colleges, Central and State Universities, Deemed Universities
and State Private Universities were started in large numbers.
 Children dropping out of school mostly belonged to the poorer
families in rural and urban areas.
62
 The backward states and regions have the poorest record on

school education.
 So Government started Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA),
Rashtriya Madhyam Abhiyan (RMSA) and the Samagra
Shiksha Abhiyan to redress the issue of dropouts.
3. Assess the achievements of the first two Five- Year plans.

 The First Plan (1951–56) focused on developing agriculture.
 The allocation for Agriculture and Irrigation accounted for 31%
of the total outlay.
 After this, the emphasis shifted to industry.
 The Second Plan (1956–61), stressed the development of
heavy industry for achieving economic growth.
 The share of industry in Plan outlay was only 6% in the First
Plan, and increased to about 24% after the Second Plan.
 The first two Plans had set fairly modest targets of growth at
about 4%.
 Which economists described as the “Hindu rate of growth”.
 These growth rates were achieved, so that the first two Plans
were considered to have been successful.
4. Examine the development of institutions of scientific research and

technology after India‟s independence.
 The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) was set up
in 1945 on the initiative of Homi J.Bhabha,
 It was intended to promote research in mathematics and pure

sciences.
 The National Chemical Laboratory, Pune and the National
Physics Laboratory, New Delhi were set up in India .
 The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is the
umbrella organisation, under which most of the scientific
63
research institutions function.

 The CSIR also advances research in applied fields like
machinery, drugs, planes etc.
 The Atomic Energy Commission is the nodal agency for the
development of nuclear science.
 The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the
coordinating agency for the research in basic agriculture.
 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were set up as centres of
excellence in different fields of engineering.
 The first IIT was located in Kharagpur, followed by Delhi,
Bombay, Kanpur and Madras.
Lesson : 10
Modern World: The Age of Reason
1. Which one of the following was not an independent trading city?
(a) Nuremberg (b) Antwerp (c) Genoa (d) St. Petersburg
2. Which one of the following had relegated religion to a subordinate

place?
(a) Renaissance (b) Reformation
c) Geographical Discovery (d) Commercial Revolution
3. Of the following Popes, who was not the patron of Italian

Renaissance?
(a) Nicholas V (b) Julius II (c) Pius II (d) Paul III
4. Whose success encouraged overseas enterprises enormously?
(a) Marco Polo (b) Roger Bacon
(c) Columbus (d) Bartholomew Diaz
64
5. Assertion (A): Paper originated in China in second century BC

(BCE).
Reason (R): Germany invented the movable printing press .
(a) Both A and R are correct. R explains A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong (d) A is wrong but R is correct
6. Which one of the following was not an idea developed during the
age of Renaissance?
(a) rationalism (b) scepticism (c) anarchism (d) individualism
7. Who is considered the father of modern experimental science?
(a) Aristotle (b) Plato (c) Roger Bacon (d) Landsteiner
8. Who wanted humankind to be ruled not by dogma and authority but

rather by reason?
(a) Dante (b) Machiavelli (c) Roger Bacon (d) Petrarch
9. Who came to Italy seeking the help of the West in the war against
the Turks?
(a) Giovanni Aurispa (b) Manuel Chrysaloras
(c) Roger Bacon (d) Columbus
10. Assertion (A): Galileo Galilei was tried by the Church for heresy.
Reason (R): He accepted the views of Copernicus‟ heliocentric

theory.
(b) Both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
11. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
Statement I: Italians managed to preserve the belief that they were

descendants of the ancient Vikings.
65
Statement II: The hazard of sea voyages was reduced by the use of
firearms and canon.
Statement III: The eagerness to spread religion (Christianity) also

acted as an impetus to the exploration of new lands.
Statement IV: Ferdinand Magellan sailed westward and discovered

Brazil
(a) I, II & III (b) II & III (c) I & III (d) All are correct
12. Which one of the following was not the work of Leonardo da
Vinci?
(a) Virgin of the Rocks (b) Last Supper
(c) Mona Lisa (d) Madonna and Child
13. The Cathedral of St. Peters in Rome, built by the Popes, was
fashioned by
(a) Donatello (b) Raphael (c) Leonardo da Vinci (d) Michelangelo
14. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Marlowe - Dido
(b) Shakespeare - King Lear
(c) Francis Bacon - Novum Organum
(d) Roger Bacon - Decameron
15. Assertion (A): The Turkish conquests and the fall of

Constantinople provided stimulus to find a sea route to the East.
Reason (R): As the demands for the products from the East
increased, the European states wanted to control sea-borne trade.
(b) Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
16. Which one of the following ships was returned after the death of
Magellan?
66
(a) Santa Maria (b) Pinta (c) Nina (d) Vittoria
17. Who conquered Mexico for Spain?
(a) Pedro Cabral (b) Columbus (c) Hernan Cortes (d) James Cook
18. When was the Act of Supremacy passed by Henry VIII in England
?
(a) 1519 (b) 1532 (c) 1533 (d) 1534
19. Assertion (A): The Black Death weakened the position of the
church as it could not explain the causes for the Black Death.
Reason (R): The authority of Pope came to be increasingly

challenged.
20. Who was the ruler of Germany excommunicated by Gregory VII?
(a) Henry VII (b) Henry VIII (c ) Henry II (d) Henry IV

1. How did Erasmus pave the way for Reformation?
 Erasmus was a protester of many Church practices and
teachings.
 His well known work, The Praise of Folly .
 He made fun of theologians and monks.
2. Write about the Medici family in Florence.

 A powerful merchant family in Florence called Medici.
 Cosimo de Medici who was engage in banking with many
branches across Italy.
 The Medici family patronised many artists.
3. What do you know of the Papal Bull of 1493?

67
 The proclamation drew a north–south line from pole to pole,

passing around 320 miles west of the Cape Verde islands.
 It declared that any new discoveries west of the line belonged
to Spain.
 Portugal was not happy with the arrangement.
4. What was the significant outcome of Spanish Armeda?

 King Philip II of Spain sent an armada to invade England.
 However, the English easily destroyed the Spanish Armada.
 This marked the rise of the British as an important power in
modern world.
5. Point out the outcome of Diet of Worms.

 The peace talks with Luther and pope failed.
 Luther's books banned and burnt.
 Luther was declared outlaw by the emperor.
6. What purpose did the Star Chamber serve and why was it called
so?
 Henry VII decided to remove the threat of the nobles to his
rule.
 So he created a special court in the Star Chamber to put the
rebellious nobles on trial.
 In this court palace ceiling were stars painted. so it was called
star chamber.
7. Why did feudalism fail in the later stage of the Middle Ages?
 The plague that struck Europe in medieval time weakened the
nobility.
 As thousands of peasants died, the nobility lost their work
force and their taxes too.
 Nobles died in large numbers during the course of Crusades.
68
8. What did the Inquisition do in Spain?

 This Inquisition was set up to deal with the Protestants.
 This Inquisition To give punishment to the heretics.
 They used many methods from flogging to burning.
9. Highlight the work of the Council of Trent.

 The Council of Trent emphasised faith in the Bible.
 The celibacy of the priests and the supremacy of the Pope

were upheld.
 It supported the image worship of Jesus and Mary in all
churches.
10. Why is Joan of Arc remembered in history?

 In Hundred Years war, the French king Charles VII was helped
by Joan of Arc.
 She fought bravely and won the battle at Orleans.
 So Joan of Arc got the title Maid of Orleans.
1. Why did Italy become the birthplace of Renaissance?

 Italians preserved the belief that they were descendants of the
ancient Romans.
 They looked back upon their ancestry with pride.
 Italy had a more secular culture than most other parts of Latin
Christendom.
 They learnt to write Latin as the ancient Romans did.
2. Highlight the literary accomplishments of England during the

Renaissance.
 The Elizabeth an Age produced many scholars during the
English Renaissance.
 Notable among them were William Shakespeare, Christopher
69
Marlowe, and Francis Bacon.

 Christopher Marlowe wrote, Dido, The Queen of Carthage, and
Tamburlaine the Great.
 William Shakespeare wrote, the Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and
Romeo and Juliet.
3. What were the achievements of Italian and English explorers?

 John Cabot, an Italian explorer saw the Canada and made it
an English colony.
 Giovanni da Verrazano, another Italian, explored the lands for
the French.
 He annexed provinces for the French in eastern Canada.
 An English explorer named Henry Hudson wanted to find the

passage from North America to the Pacific Ocean.
4. Bring out the negative outcome of Commercial Revolution.

 The most negative result of the Commercial Revolution was
the revival of slavery.
 The Commercial Revolution developing mining and plantation
farming in the Spanish, Portuguese and English colonies.
 This led to the recruitment of slaves as unskilled labourers.
 This slave trade that exported more than 11 million Africans to

the Americas.
5. Discuss the contribution of Society of Jesus to the counter-

reformation movement in Europe.
 It used education as a tool to teach the Catholic religion to the
masses.
 They set up various educational institutions to promote the
Catholic religion.
 Society of Jesus succeeded in producing efficient and faithful
followers of the Church.
70
 The Jesuits, helped in raising the standard of the Church in

Europe.
6. Write about the voyage of Columbus in 1492.

 On 3 August 1492 Columbus sailed from the harbour of Palos,
with three small ships .
 After a voyage of two months, he came to a land which he
believed to be India.
 But it was really a new continent, America.
 They were called Indians because, he believed that the land he

had discovered was India.
7. Describe the voyage of Portuguese sailor Pedro Cabral in India.

 Cabral sailed to India, following the route of Vasco da Gama,
and reached Kozhikode.
 The zamorin ruler allowed Cabral to build a fort and carry on
trade.
 He then left for Cochin , further south, where he was warmly
received.
 After establishing a port at Cannanore Cabral returned with
six shiploads of spices to Portugal.

1. Analyse the contributions of Florentines to Italian Renaissance.
 Dante‟s Divine Comedy is a summation of medieval culture.
 Its dominant theme is the salvation of mankind through reason
and divine grace.
 Petrarch produced works both in Latin and Italian.
 An early humanist, he is considered to be the father of Italian
Renaissance literature.
 Boccaccio , also a Florentine, produced Decameron, a
71
collection of 100 stories.

 Niccolò Machiavelli‟s The Prince became famous because of
its relevance as a political guide for the rulers.
 Leonardo da Vinci‟s painted the Last Supper and Mona Lisa.
 Michel angelo sculpted the famous Pieta, a statue of the Virgin
Mary.
2. Attempt a comprehensive account of the evolution of England,

France and Spain as nation- states.
Spain emerged as nation-states.
 Major parts of Spain like Aragon and Castile were under the
control of the Moors.
 Together King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella worked hard to
drive away the Moors and unite Spain.
 The king and queen took power in their hands and controlled
the nobles by eliminating them from the royal councils. This
made Spain to emerge as a nation-state.
England emerged as nation-states.
 There was conflict between two royal houses in England
namely the House of York and House of Lancaster for the
throne.
 In this civil war, Henry Tudor emerged victorious and he
started a new line of monarchy in England.
 He entered into matrimonial alliance with Elizabeth of York
family. This made England to emerge as a nation-state.
France emerged as nation-states.

 Burgundy and western parts of France was for long in English
possession.
 At the end of the hundred years war, Louis XI Burgundy
returned, after he had driven the English out of the country.
 Finally brought under control and Burgundy became part of
72
France in about 1483. This made France to emerge as a nation-

state.
3. Explain the initiatives of Portugal and Spain in the discovery of

new sea routes to the East and point out why it is considered as
an important event in the economic history of modern world.
 Portugal led the way first in exploration, discovering the
Canaries, Madeira and the Azores.
 Sailors sent out by Prince Henry, the Navigator reached
Guinea Coast of Africa.
 Later Bartholomew Diaz rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
 In 1492 Columbus came to a land of America.
 Vasco da Gama reached the island of Mozambique.
 Later, he reached part of India and opened avenues for direct
trade.
 Cabral sailed to India, following the route of Vasco da Gama,
and reached Kozhikode.
 These new maritime discoveries, led to the direct trade of
Europeans to the countries of the East.
4. What are the causes of Protestant Reformation? How did Martin

Luther organise the movement in Germany?
Causes of Protestant Reformation
 The practice of sale of indulgence , nepotism, and simony
came under attack.
 Inexperienced youths were appointed to lucrative bishoprics.
 Clergymen received incomes from several churches but never

appeared in any of them.
 The peasantry saw the Church as an oppressive landowner.
Martin Luther organise the Protestant Reformation
 After a visit to Rome Martin Luther became disgusted with the
73
corruption and luxury of the Church.

 He wrote ninety-five complaints against the Roman Church
known as “95 Theses”.
 He argued that Bible alone is supreme and not the Pope and
Bishops.
 He believed the salvation can be achieved only by the faith of
God. In this way the Protestant revolt began.
Lesson : 11
The Age of Revolutions
1. The Europeans who settled first in North America were
(a) Portuguese (b) Spanish (c) Danish (d) English
2. New Amsterdam was renamed as
(a) Washington (b) New York (c) Chicago (d) Amsterdam
3. Assertion (A): England passed the Navigation Acts.
Reason (R): The Act mandated that colonial produce should be

exported only in British ships.
(a) Both A and R are correct, R explains A
(b) Both A and R are correct, R does not explain A
4. Assertion (A): In 1770, England abolished the taxes on products

except tea.
Reason (R): This was retained to assert that the British Parliament
had a right to tax the colonies directly as well as indirectly.
74
5. Boston Tea Party incident took place in the year
(a) 1775 (b) 1773 (c) 1784 (d) 1799
6. Assertion (A): The representatives of all the colonies except that of

Georgia, demanded the repeal of the Intolerable Acts.
Reason (R): The Congress decided to boycott the British goods

until then.
(c) A is correct R is wrong (d) A is wrong R is correct
Statement I: On July 4, 1776, all the thirteen colonies declared

independence from Britain.
Statement II: The Declaration of Independence was essentially the

work of Thomas Jefferson.
(a) I (b) II (c) None of the above (d) All the above
8. In the American War of Independence the British army was led by
(a) Richard Lee (b) George Washington
(c) William Howe (d) Rockingham
9. Which of the following statement/s is/are Correct?
Statement I: The peasantry made up the bulk of French society.
Statement II: The peasants in France were serfs.
Statement III: The peasants had to work certain days in the week
for their lords for remuneration.
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) All are Correct
10. The noble who led the protest that led to Tennis Court Oath was
75
(a) Marat (b) Danton (c ) Lafayette (d) Mirabeau
11. Assertion (A): The rising bourgeoisie wanted their political power
to match their economic status.
Reason (R): They wanted to have a voice in government.
(a) Both A and R correct. R explains A
(b) Both A and R correct. R does not explain A
(A) Montesquieu 1. Jacobins
(B) Voltaire 2. English Philosopher
(C) Reign of Terror 3. The Age of Louis XIV
(D) John Locke 4. The Spirit of Laws
(a) 1 3 4 2 (b) 4 3 1 2 (c) 4 1 2 3 (d) 1 4 3 2
13. The storming of the Bastille happened on
(a) June 5, 1789 (b) July 14, 1789 (c) November 11, 1789
(d) May 1, 1789
14. During the French Revolution was dissatisfied with the

Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen, as it excluded
women.
(a) Olympe de Gouges (b) Mary Antoinette
(c) Roget de Lisle (d) Robespierre
15. The official residence of Louise XVI was
(a) Versailles (b) Toulon (c) Marseilles (d) Tuileries
16. ---------- was earlier known as Saint- Dominigue
(a) Mexico (b) Panama (c) Haiti (d) Havana

17. The revolution in Mexico was led by
(a) Simon Bolivar (b) Jose Maria Morelos
(c) Ferdinand de Lesseps (d) Miguel Hidalgo

76
18. The liberator of Argentina was
(a) San Martin (b) Dom Pedro
(c) Bernardo O‟Higgins (d) Marina Morelos
19. -----------------city acquired the nickname “Cottonopolis‟‟.
(a) Manchester (b) Lancashire (c) Liverpool (d) Glasgow
20. Match and choose the correct answer from the code given below
(A) Michael Faraday 1. Ark Wright

(B) Elias Howe 2. Robert Fulton
(C) Water Frame 3. Electricity
(D) Steam Boat 4. Sewing machine
A B C D
(a) 1 3 4 2
(b) 1 4 2 3
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 3 4 2 1
1. What impact did the European settlement in North America make
on the indigenous population?
 The island‟s indigenous population, forced to mine for gold.
 They was devastated by European diseases and brutal

working conditions.
 By the end of the sixteenth century it had virtually vanished.
2. What do you know about the Boston Tea Party?

 Following the Boston Massacre, about 100 activists dressed
like Native Americans.
 They boarded the three ships carrying tea and threw 342
boxes into sea at Boston.
 This incident came to be called the Boston Tea Party.
3. What was the intellectual contribution of Thomas Paine to the

77
American Revolution?
 Thomas Paine, wrote the pamphlet titled Common Sense
(1776).
 This pamphlet had justifying the demands of the colonies.
 The pamphlet had an astounding impact of people.
4. Point out the importance of the battle of Saratoga.

 At the Battle of Saratoga, the British General Burgoyne was
forced to surrender.
 Finally, the British forces surrendered to the American forces
at York Town.
 With this victory the northern colonies became free.
5. Discuss the three Estates of the ancien regime.

 Clergy, Nobility , and the commoners.
 The clergy and the nobility were exempted from various taxes.
 Only the third estate bore the brunt of taxation.
6. Highlight the essence of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and

of the Citizen.
 It defined individual and collective rights.
 It also insisted that taxation could only be raised by common
consent.
 Which declares that, “Men are born and remain free and equal
in rights”.
7. Outline the contribution of Simon Bolivar to Latin American

independence.
 Bolivar emerged as a strong military and political force after
the struggles.
 After leading his army up the face of the eastern Andes.
78
 Bolívar defeat to his enemies in the Battle of Boyaca.
8. Highlight the essential features of Industrial Revolution.

 The use of iron and steel.
 The use of new sources of energy or fuels such as coal,
steam, and iron.
 The invention of new machines.
 Developments in transport and communication
9. Why is Samuel Slater considered the father of American Industrial

Revolution?
 He, used the first water-powered roller spinning textile mill in
the Americas.
 By 1800, Slater's mill had been duplicated by many other
entrepreneurs.
 So the U.S. President hailed him as "Father of the American
Industrial Revolution."
10. What was the background for the Peterloo Massacre?

 In England, industrial depression and high food prices.
 So a great demonstration was organised by the radical leader
Henry Hunt.
 The magistrates, who were alarmed by the size and mood of
the crowd, ordered the cavalry corps to attack the crowd.

1. Discuss the important provisions of the Treaty of Paris signed in
1783.
 Britain recognised the freedom of the United States of
America.
 France gained certain British territories in West Indies, India
79
and Africa.
 Spain obtained Florida from Great Britain
2. Holland and England maintained the status quo that prevailed

before the war.Analyse the significance of American Revolution.
 The concepts of democracy and republic became widespread.
 The political and social changes were on the lines of
democracy and equality.
 Education gained prominence.
 The principle of federalism became widespread.
3. Long before the revolution of 1789, there was a revolution in the

realm of ideas. Explain.
 Intellectuals played a key role in preparing the soil for the
outbreak of the French Revolution.
 The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau acted as an impetus to
the revolution.
 Montesquieu, argued for the division of power among the
legislative, executive and judiciary.
 Rousseau, argued that the relationship between the rulers and
ruled should be bound by a contract.
4. What caused the “September Massacres”?
 In France, the people believed that the political prisoners
would join a conspiracy by counter-revolutionaries.
 As a result, the mob attacked prisons.
 Summarily executed those they believed to be royalists.
 A total of 1,200 prisoners were killed in the incident.
5. Trace the circumstances in which Brazil became the first

constitutional monarchy in South America.
 Portugal's King Dam Joao faced challenges in the colony of
Brazil.
 So he decided to hand over Brazil to his son Dom Pedro.
80
 In 1822, Brazil obtained independence from Portugal.

 It became the only constitutional monarchy in South America.
6. What happened in Germany during the second phase of Industrial

Revolution?
 Germany emerged as the most industrialised country.
 It surpassed England and established itself as the United
States competitor.
 Daimler and Benz became the most popular brands of
automobile in the world.
 Germany made its mark in iron and steel industry.
1. Discuss the causes, course and results of the American War of
Independence
Causes :
 The UK imposed its US settlements on the Navigation Acts ,
the Sugar Tax Stamp Act, the Townshend Act, the tea tax, and
The Intolerable Acts.
 So representatives of the colonies appealed for the intolerated
laws to be removed.
 They sent a request to the King of England, George III, with an
olive branch. But the demand was rejected.
Course :
 The British army was led by William Howe while the American
forces were led by George Washington.
 The Battle of Saratoga, the British General Burgoyne was
forced to surrender.
 Finally, the British forces surrendered to the American forces

at York Town.
Results :
 Britain recognised the freedom of the United States of America
81
 In England Lord North resigned as Prime Minister.
2. Sketch the course of French Revolution from the storming of

Bastille to the execution of Robespierre.
 The National Assembly abolished feudalism in the country.
 In 1789 the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
was adopted.
 In 1791, the National Assembly drafted the constitution.
 On 2 September 1792, the mob descended on the prisons and
summarily executed those they believed to be royalists.
 In 1792 the new Convention abolished monarchy and declared
France a republic.
 King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on 21 January
1793.
 As the government and the base of society were radicalised,
so the Jacobian group leader Robasesphere also hanged.
3. American Revolution and French Revolution inspired the

revolution in Haiti. Substantiate.
 Haiti, earlier known as Saint-Domingue was the richest French
colony in the Caribbean Sea.
 The storming of the Bastille was followed by armed defiance of
the royal governor.
 Vincent Oge, who had lobbied with the Parisian assembly for
colonial reforms.
 He was led to revolt at the end of 1790. But the rebellion was
suppressed and he was hanged.
 In the late 1790s, Toussaint L‟Ouverture, gained control of
several areas.
 Napoleon sent a fleet of 12,000 troops to seize control from
Toussaint L‟Ouverture‟s forces.
82
 Napoleons forces were defeated by the Dessalines , even

though Toussaint was killed.
 Saint Domingue became the independent black state of Haiti in
1804.
4. Why did Industrial revolution start in England first? What impact

did it make on modern society?
Causes of Industrial Revolution in England:
 Provided the capital necessary for investment in industries.
 Political stability also provided objective conditions for
industrial development.
 The availability of coal and iron deposits in large quantities.
 The British had well established ports all across the coast
which enabled easy internal and external trade.
Impact of Industrial Revolution :
 Production and wealth increased enormously.
 Thousands of artisans and weavers lost their jobs.
 Labour was obtained from women and children at a cheap
errand.
 Two classes were formed, the factory owners and the factory
workers.
Lesson : 12
Europe in Turmoil
1. Napoleon was exiled first time to __________
(a) Elba (b) St. Helena (c) Corsica (d) Waterloo

2. Napoleon was defeated by the allied forces of British, Belgians and
Prussians at Waterloo in __________
(a) France (b) Germany (c) Belgium (d) Italy
83
3. Assertion (A): Utopian Socialist s recommended model

communities, where the means of production would be
collectively owned.
Reason (R): They promoted a visionary idea of a socialistic
society, devoid of poverty and unemployment.

4. Labour Unions were legalised in England in __________
(a) 1815 (b) 1822 (c) 1824 (d) 1827
5. Match the following and select the answer from the code given
below.
(A) New Christianity 1. William Lovett
(B) A New View of Society 2. Louis Blanc
(C) Revue du Progres 3. Saint Simon
(D) The People‟s Charter 4. Robert Owen
(a) 2, 3, 4, 1 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1 (c) 1, 4, 3, 2 (d) 3, 1, 2, 4

6. Marx and Engels published the Communist Manifesto in
__________
(a) 1842 (b) 1848 (c) 1867 (d) 1871
7. Assertion (A): The Chartist movement was not a riot or revolt.

Reason (R): It was an organised movement of the working class.

8. The Chartist‟s principal newspaper was __________
(a) The Poor Man‟s Guardian (b) The Charter
(c) The Northern Star (d) Il Risorgimento
84
9. Louis Napoleon, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, assumed the

title __________
(a) Napoleon II (b) Napoleon III (c) Duke of Orleans (d) Napoleon IV
10. The author of Code de la Nature is __________
(a) Charles Fourier (b) Étienne-Gabriel Morally
(c ) Saint Simon (d) Bakunin
11. Assertion (A): The year 1848 was one of the distinct triumphs for
nationalism.
Reason (R): Absolutism seemed dead for a while.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong d) A is wrong but R is correct

12. The Second International was founded in __________
(a) Paris (b) Berlin (c) London (d) Rome
13. The Young Italy Movement was started in the year__________

(a) 1822 (b) 1827 (c) 1831 (d) 1846
14. Parma, Modena and Tuscany were merged with the Kingdom of
Piedmont-Sardinia after__________
(a) plebiscite (b) invasion of Charles Albert
(c) Treaty of Solferina (d) Treaty of Villa Franca
15. _________ was called the “Hero of Two Worlds”.
(a) Charles Albert (b) Bismarck (c) Napoleon III (d) Garibaldi
16. The Seven Weeks‟ War was fought between__________
(a) Denmark and Prussia (b) Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria
(c) France and Prussia (d) Austria and Prussia

17. The Franco-Prussian War was triggered by __________
(a) Convention of Gastein (b) Ems telegram
(c) The treaty of Prague

85
(d) Dispute over the control of Alsace- Lorraine
18. _________ delivered a series of Addresses to the German Nation.
(a) Johann von Herder (b) Friedrich Schliegel
(c) J.G. Fichte (d) Otto von Bismarck
19. Assertion (A): J.G. Fichte promoted the idea of nationalism among
the Germans.
Reason (R): Fichte was the leader of Young Italy Movement.

(A) Metternich 1. Ruler of Piedmont- Sardinia
(B) Charles X 2. French Foreign Minister

(C) Gramont 3. French King
(D) Charles Albert 4. Chancellor of Austria-Hungary
(a) 1, 3, 4, 2 (b) 4, 2, 1, 3 (c) 4, 1, 2, 3 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1

1. Why is the period between June 24 and 26, 1848 considered the
bloody June days?
 The Workers dared to oppose the government for closing
workshops created by Louis Blanc.
 As a result thousands of people were killed in France.
 Eleven thousand revolutionaries were imprisoned or deported.
2. What role did Concert of Europe play in Metternich Era?

 It worked for the preservation of European order and balance
of power.
 They intervened in the case of countries threatened by internal
rebellion.
 They Imposed their overall decision on the affected countries.
86
3. Why was Italy described as “a mere geographical expression” by

Metternich?
 Italy was divided into eight states by the Vienna Congress.
 Northern Italy was handed over to the German-speaking
Austrians.
 Italy in the nineteenth century was a patchwork of about a
dozen large states and a number of smaller ones.
 So Metternich described Italy as a mere geographical
expression.
4. Explain Poor Laws.

 In Britain the Poor Laws, as codified during Elizabethan
period.
 This act provided a relief for the aged, sick, and poor infants.
 This act also provided a relief for the capable unemployed in
work houses.
5. Attempt an account of the first International Working Men‟s

Association of 1864.
 It purpose was to form an international working class alliance.
 It worked hard to exclude the moderates from the
International.
 It also denounced other socialists such as Ferdinand Lassalle
and Bakunin.
6. Highlight the contribution of Carbonari to the unification of Italy.

 The Carbonari, advocating liberal and patriotic ideas.
 They kept alive the ideas of liberalism and nationalism.
 As a result Revolts broke out in Naples, Piedmont and
Lombardy.
87
7. Who was Francois Babeuf?

 Francois Babeuf, a political agitator of the French
Revolutionary period.
 He said, the Revolution in France did not address the needs of
the peasants and workers.
 He advocated the abolition of private property and the
generalisation of the land.
8. What was the importance of Zollverein?

 Prussia was successful in establishing the Zollverein
(customs union).
 It included most of the Germanic states except those under the
control of Austria.
 It also provided economic unity to the Germanic states.
9. What do you know of the Gilded Age?

 An era of intense mass mobilisation of working classes.
 Socialism and the labour movements rose in many countries
 The expansion of industrialisation resulted in wage growth.
10. What is the importance of the year 1873 in the economic history
of America?
 The global economic Depression occurred in 1873.
 This economic Depression also affected the United States
very seriously.
 American railroads became bankrupt in this period.
1. When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold – Elucidate.
 Europe in the nineteenth century was influenced by the
developments in France.
88
 Metternich was the one who sought to suppress the spirit of

democracy and nationalism that arose in Europe.
 He said, “When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold.”
 France sneezed not once, but thrice in 1789, 1830 and 1848,
when revolutions broke out in France.
2.“The Industrial Revolution was the basis for emerging the ideas of
Socialism” – Substantiate.
 The working classes were initially unorganized.
 Soon they realized without organisation and unity, no
permanent improvement was possible.
 So they strove to establish trade unions.
 This trade unions, was emerged a form of socialism.
3. Estimate the pioneering work done by Robert Owen in improving

the condition of workers in his factories.
 He did not employ children below the age of 10 in his
industries.
 Later he criticised private property and profit.
 He began to advocate the establishment of new cooperative
communities that would combine industrial and agricultural
production.
 Owen had developed a theory of Utopian Socialism.
4. How did the 1830 July Revolution in France impact other parts of
Europe?
 In other parts of Europe there arose a number of risings.
 Belgium was separated from the Netherlands and became a
separate independent state.
 The Greeks attained independence from the Turks.
 But the revolt of Poles against the Russian Tsar was
89
suppressed.
5. Trace the events that led to the formation of Paris Commune.

 The Parisians grew bitter when bigger numbers of
monarchists were returned to the National Assembly.
 Then came the betrayal of the republic – the appointment of
71-year-old Thiers.
 Paris was once again armed.
 As the regular army had been disbanded under the terms of
agreement with Prussia, the Parisian masses kept their arms.
6. Discuss the measures adopted by Paris Commune in the interests

of the poor and the working class.
 Banning night work in bakeries.
 If the factories or industries were shut down by the owners, it
was opened by the workers.
 Providing pensions for widows and free education for every
child.
 Stopping the collection of debts incurred during the siege.
7. Attempt an account of Working class struggles during the period

of Long Depression in Britain and America.
 The strike in the Homestead Steel workshop in Britain went up
in a gun battle.
 The Pullman strike by the US Railway Union was suppressed
by the administration.
 In Britain, the Match stick Girls Strike ended with their
enormous victory.
 There was also a dock strike in the port of London.
1. Identify the important collectivist thinkers of nineteenth century
and highlight their contributions to Socialism.
90
 Étienne-Gabriel Morally, the Utopian thinker, proposed a

communistic organisation of society.
 The term “Utopian Socialism” was first used by Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels.
 Utopian Socialists recommended the establishment of model
communities.
 Saint-Simon suggested that scientists take the place of priests
in the social order.
 Fourier believed that social conditions were the primary cause
of human misery.
 Robert Owen had developed a theory of Utopian Socialism
based on social equality and cooperation.
 Proudhon wanted to replace nation-state with federations of
autonomous communes.
 Louis Blanc argued that socialism cannot be achieved without
state power.
2. Discuss the political fallout of French Revolutions of 1848 in other

parts of Europe.
 Metternich, the arbiter of Europe and enemy of nationality, was
forced to leave Vienna.
 Hungary and Bohemia both claimed national independence.
 Milan expelled the Austrians.
 Venice became an independent republic.
 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, declared war against Austria.
 Absolutism seemed dead for a while. But it was not to be.
 By the summer, the monarchs had begun their attacks on the
revolutionaries.
 They succeeded in crushing the democratic movements in
important centres like Berlin, Vienna and Milan.
91
3. How was the unification of Italy achieved?

 The Napoleonic rule, for the first time, provided Italy with a
sense of unity through uniform administration.
 The several secret societies such as the like the Carbonari,
who were insisting on free and patriotic ideas, became more
spread.
 Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi were the three central figures
of the unification of Italy.
 Parma, Modena and Tuscany were merged with the Kingdom
of Piedmont- Sardinia through plebiscites.
 Plebiscites held in Sicily, Naples and Papal States led to their
merger with Piedmont- Sardinia.
 At the end of the war with Austria, Italy acquired Lombardy
under the Zurich pact.
 During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Italy had allied itself
with Prussia and was rewarded with Venetia.
 In 1871, Italy took advantage of the Franco- Prussian War to
annex Rome as the French forces withdrew.
4. Why is Bismarck considered the true architect of a unified

Germany?
 Bismarck, transformed it into a powerful state with the
objective of uniting the Germanic states under its leadership.
 He adopted a “blood and iron” policy to achieve the unification.
 He realised that the unification of Germany was not possible
without an armed conflict with Austria and France.
 He sparked conflict with Austria and France through
diplomatic moves.
 He also got the support of Piedmont-Sardinia which wanted to
drive Austria out of Venetia.
 With the victory of the Austrian-Prussian War, he formed the
Northern German Federation under the leadership of Prussia.
92
 Bismarck his attention to create a rift between Prussia and

France to unite the southern German states.
 At the end of the Franck-Prussian War, Germany combined the
unification of Northern and southern Germany.
Lesson : 13
Imperialism and its Onslaught
1. What was the battle in which the French succeeded in pushing
back the advancing army of Germans?
(a) Battle of Marne (b) Battle of Tannenberg
(c) Battle of Verdun (d) Battle of Somme
2. Laissez Faire is a word coined by .
(a) John A. Hobson (b) Karl Marx (c) Fischer (d) Gournay
3. 'An inquiry into the Nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations'
was authored by
(a) Adam smith (b) Thomas Paine (c) Quesnay (d) Karl Marx
4. England decided on free trade policy in
(a) 1833 (b) 1836 (c) 1843 (d) 1858
5. Assertion (A): In the second half of the nineteenth century many
nations were faced with the problem of surplus manufactures.
Reason (R): Surplus manufactures forced nations to find new
markets.
(a) A and R are correct. R explains A
(b) A and R are correct. R does not explain A
(c) A is true but R is wrong (d) A is wrong and R is true
6. Tariff Act, 1879 was enacted by
(a) Germany (b) France (c) Britain (d) USA
7. Shimonoseki Treaty was signed after the
(a) Russio-Japanese war (b) Second Opium War
93
(c) Second Anglo-Chinese War (d) Sino-Japanese war

8. The treaty of Portsmouth was signed at the mediation of
(a) Spain (b) Britain (c) USA (d) France
9. Which country presented 21 demands to the President of the newly
established Chinese Republic?
(a) France (b) Russia (c) Japan (d) Britain
10. The new state of Albania was created based on the
(a) Treaty of Bucharest, 1913 (b) Treaty of Versailles, 1919
(c) Treaty of London, 1913 (d) Treaty of St. Germaine
11. Which one of the following was not part of the Central Powers?
(a) Bulgaria (b) Austria-Hungary (c) Turkey (d) Montenegro
12. With imminent attack on Paris, the French Government moved to
(a) Marseilles (b) Bordeaux (c) Lyons (d) Versailles
13. Which one of the following was not a part of the Treaty of
Versailles?
(a) Germany was required to surrender Alsace - Lorraine to France
(b) Saar valley to be given to France
(c) The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies
(d) Danzig was to be under the control of Poland
14. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Edict of Emancipation – Alexander II
(b) Bloody Sunday - Nicholas II
(c) 500 Serf riots in Russia - Nicholas I
(d) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Alexander III
15. Assertion (A): The League of Nations was shown to have no teeth.
Reason (R): The principle of “collective security‟ could not be
applied in actual practice.
(a) A and R are correct. R explains A
(b) A and R are correct but R does not explain A
94
(c) A is correct but R is wrong (d) A is wrong and R is correct

16. Assertion (A): The Great Depression which affected the entire
world had made no impact on USSR.
Reason (R): Land was declared as social property and distributed
among poor Peasants.
(a) A and R are correct. R explains A.
(b) A and R are correct but R does not explain A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong. (d) A is wrong. R is correct.
17. The first Secretary General of the League of Nations Eric
Drummond belonged to
(a) France (b) South Africa (c) Britain (d) USA
18. The League of Nations was dissolved in
(a) 1939 (b) 1941 (c) 1945 (d) 1946
19. Who designated Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany?
(a) General Ludendorff (b) Von Hindenburg
(c) General Smuts (d) Alfred von Bethmann
20. What was the name of journal Mussolini edited?
(a) Avanti (b) Pravda (c) Marxist (d) Mein Kampf
1. Why did Germany want to isolate France?
 The France wanted to recover Alsace and Lorraine which it
lost in the Franco-Prussian War.
 Bismarck expected France to take revenge for this.
 So he was determined to isolate France.
2. What was the significance of Entente Cordiale signed between

Britain and France in 1904?
 Morocco and Egypt related Quarrels were solved.
 France allowed to operate independently in Morocco.
 France agreed to recognize the British occupation of Egypt.
95
3. Highlight the outcome of the Balkan crisis.

 The Bulgarians felt injured and awaited an opportunity to take
revenge on Serbia.
 The passions of the Serbians were inflamed by victory.
 Anti-Austrian struggle in Serbia and Bosnia became ever more
militant.
4. What was “Triple Intervention”?

 According to the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed at the end,
Japan got Liaotung peninsula along with some regions.
 The European powers feared the sudden growth of Japans.
 So, France, England and Russia forced Japan to surrender the
Liaotung peninsula to china.
5. Write about the role played by Von Hindenburg in the Eastern

Front of the First World War.
 The Russian forces penetrated far into the Eastern Prussia.
 German general Van Hindenburg confronted Russian forces.
 Russia suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Tannenberg by
Van Hindenburg‟s war skills.
6. Point out the importance of Battle of Jutland.

 This war took place at sea in Jutland peninsula, Denmark.
 The battle was inconclusive.
 The Battle of Jutland is the largest naval battle of the First
World War.
7. What is Nihilism?
 Nihilism represented a revolt against the established social
order.
 It rejected all authority exercised by the state, church and by
96
the family.
 It based its belief only on scientific truth.
8. How did the League of Nations resolve the dispute between

Greece and Bulgaria in 1925?
 In 1925, Greece invaded Bulgaria.
 The League ordered a ceasefire.
 After investigation it decided that Greece was to pay
reparations.
9. How did the Lateran Treaty help Mussolini in legitimising his

authority?
 Mussolini won over the Roman Catholic Church by
recognising the Vatican City as an independent state.
 In return the Church recognised the Kingdom of Italy.
 The Roman Catholic faith was made the religion of Italy.
10. What was the Third Reich?

 The Nazi state of Hitler, known as the Third Reich.
 It brought an end to the parliamentary democracy .
 As a result Germany was converted into a highly centralised
state.

1. How did the first Moroccan crisis happen?
 Relying on their understanding with England the French
decided to go ahead with their plan in Morocco.
 Early in 1905, a French mission arrived at Fez, a city in
Morocco.
 French treating it as a part of French protectorate.
 Germany protested so French agreed to refer the dispute to a
97
European conference.
2. How was Trench Warfare fought?

 First World War compelled soldiers to burrow into the soil to
obtain shelter and survival.
 The Trench system is the two to four trenches that go parallel
to each other.
 The trenches were dug in a zigzag manner.
 So that no enemy, could fire for more than a few yards down
its length.
3. What do you know of the fearsome U-boats and Q-ships?

 During the First World War Germany's most fearsome weapon
was the submarine or U- Boat.
 The Germans adopted a strategy to starve Britain by sinking
every ship it could.
 The Q-ships were Britain's answer to the Germany.
 Britain provoked the attack on Germany through these ships
and then resorted to retaliation.
4. Highlight the sequence of events after America‟s entry into the

War.
 America‟s entry with its enormous resources made Allied
victory a foregone conclusion.
 The first to surrender was Bulgaria.
 The Turks opted for an armistice.
 Germany was now left with the impossible task of carrying on

the struggle alone.
5. Analyse the impact of Russian Revolution on the world outside

Russia.
98
 The revolution fired people‟s imagination across the world.

 In many countries, communist parties were formed.
 Soviet Union encouraged the colonies to fight for their
freedom.
 Debates over key issues, land reforms, workers rights, started
taking place in a global context.
6. Highlight the successful accomplishments of League of Nations.

 A dispute arose between Sweden and Finland over the
sovereignty of the Aaland Islands.
 The League ruled that the islands should go to Finland.
 The frontier between Poland and Germany in Upper Silesia,
which was successfullyresolved.
 Greece invaded Bulgaria, and the League ordered a ceasefire.
7. How did the impact of Great Depression reflect in politics?
 In England, the Labour Party was defeated in the general

elections of 1931.
 In USA, the Republican Party was rejected by the people in
successive elections for about twenty years.
 The Fascist Parties seized government in Italy and Germany.
 Argentina, Brazil and Chile saw a change of government.

1. Enumerate the causes and the consequences of the First World
War.
Causes :
 The great powers of Europe had come to be arrayed in two
opposing camps.
 They are called the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary
and Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia).
99
 The UK supported France in a Moroccan dispute between

Germany and France.
 Austria–Hungary suddenly announced the annexation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it's protectorate.
 The two wars that took part in the Balkans led the countries to
the First World War.
 Austria-Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated
by Princip , a Serbian country.
Results :
 The Peace Conference opened in Paris.
 The peace treaty was signed with Germany in the Hall of
Mirrors at Versailles.
 Separate treaties were drawn up and signed by the Allies with
Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey
 The League of nations was formed for world peace.
2. “Marx supplied sparks and Lenin lit the fire”- Elucidate.

 Marx and Engels held the firm view that the existence of the
bourgeoisie was as necessary.
 Influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, Lenin believed that the
way for freedom was through mass action.
 The Menshevik government was established in Russia through

the revolution. Lenin schemed to overthrow it.
 His slogan of “All power to the Soviets” soon won over the
workers leaders.
 The slogan ' Bread, peace and land ' attracted the victims of
the war.
 Devastated by war time shortages, the people were attracted
by the slogan of “Bread, Peace and Land.”
 Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide
on an immediate revolution.
100
 Accordingly, key government buildings, including the Winter

Palace and the Prime Minister‟s headquarters, were seized.
3. The Treaty of Versailles was harsh and humiliating for Germany.
Substantiate the statement.
 Germany handed over Alsace and Lorraine to France.
 The coal mines in the Saar Valley were to be ceded to France.
 All German colonies became mandated territories under the
League of Nations.
 Germany was disarmed and was forced to give up practically
all of its submarines and battleships.
 Germany was forbidden to have any airplanes, either military
or naval.
 Its army was to be limited to 100,000 .
 The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden .
 Germany was to acknowledge and respect the Independence
of Austria.
 Germany and its allies were held responsible for the loss and
damage suffered during the war.
4. Describe the circumstances that favoured Mussolini and Hitler to

establish fascist governments in Italy and Germany respectively.
Circumstances for the establishment of a fascist state in Italy:
 The parliamentary state struggled to rectify the disorders that
arose at the end of The First World War.
 The failure of the Democratic party leaders to act decisively
led to Mussolini's victory.
 The dispute between the communist and their opponents led
to the conditions for civil war.
 It ended with the march of the Fascists on Rome.
 Impressed by the show of force, the King Immanuel III invited
Mussolini to form a government.
101
Circumstances for the establishment of a fascist state in

Germany:
 Republican government in Germany fell, as the Communists
refused to collaborate with the Social Democrats.
 In the wake of this, industrialists, bankers and the people of
the royal family, who had the background, wanted to
subordinate Hitler to their control.
 They approached President von Hindenburg and appointed
Hitler as Prime Minister.
 The Nazi regime then put an end to parliamentary democracy
in Germany.
Lesson : 14
Outbreak of World War II and its Impact in Colonies

1. Which one of the following was not the cause for the outbreak of
Second World War?
(a) The unjust nature of the terms of Peace with Germany
(b) Failure of the League of Nations
(c) Economic Depression of 1930s
(d) National Liberation Movements in Colonies
2. The Kellogg–Briand Pact was signed in the year
(a) 1927 (b) 1928 (c) 1929 (d) 1930
3. Assertion (A): A Disarmament Conference was organised by the
League of Nations at Geneva.
Reason (R): The matter came up for deliberation was Germany‟s
rearmament plan on a par with France.
4. In which year did Japan invade and seize Manchuria from China?
102
(a) 1931 (b) 1932 (c) 1933 (d) 1934

5. emerged as the most powerful Industrial country in continental
Europe towards the close of nineteenth century.
(a) France (b) Spain (c) Germany (d) Austria
6. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, a plebiscite was to be
held in in January 1935.
(a) Sudetenland (b) Rhineland (c) Saar (d) Alsace
7. Assertion (A): The methods of warfare changed during the Second
World War.
Reason (R): Trench warfare had given way to aerial bombing.
8. In 1939 Germany signed Non-aggression pact with
(a) Austria (b) Italy (c) Russia (d) Britain
9. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour was planned by
(a) Yamamoto (b) Schuschnigg (c) Kaiser William II (d) Hirohito
10. Lend-Lease system introduced by President Roosevelt was
helpful in
(a) providing additional soldiers to countries fighting the fascist
forces
(b) safeguarding the Jews from the murderous attacks of Hitler‟s
army
(c) expanding the resources of the allies, supplying arms and
ammunition
(d) providing medical services to those wounded in the Second
World War.
11. In August 1942, US forces in the Pacific was commanded by
(a) MacArthur (b) Eisenhower
(c) General de Gaulle (d) George Marshall
103
12. The US navy defeated the Japanese navy in the Battle of

(a) Britain (b) Guadalcanal (c) El Alamein (d) Midway
13. German forces suffered their first reverses at
(a) Potsdam (b) El Alamein (c) Stalingrad (d) Midway
14. Which one of the following was not a declaration of the Potsdam
conference?
(a) East Prussia to be divided into two parts: northern part going
to the Soviet Union, and the southern part to Poland.
(b) Poland to receive the former free city of Danzig.
(c) Germany to be divided into four occupation zones to be
governed by the USSR, Great Britain, the United States and France
(d) Trieste was to be divided into Zone A and Zone B. Zone A went
to Italy, while zone B was awarded to Yugoslavia.
15. Which one of the following was not the result of the Second World
War?
(a) Second World War was fatal to many European monarchies.
(b) The Labour Party government in Britain established a welfare
state.
(c) The struggle against Fascism ended in the triumph of
Imperialism
(d) The United States and Soviet Russia emerged as two super
powers in the world.
16. Which of the following pairs is correct?
1) General de Gaulle - France
2) Haile Selassie - Ethiopia
3) General Badoglio - Japan
4) Admiral Yamamoto - Italy
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) All are correct
17. France joined the Second Opium War
(a) to help Britain in the war
104
(b) to carve out a separate sphere of influence to France

(c) to obtain permission for religious activities
(d) to establish the French rights to engage in opium trade.
18. The end of Manchu dynasty came in the year
(a) 1908 (b) 1911 (c) 1912 (d) 1916
19. The dispute that led to the Spanish- American War in 1898 was on
(a) Cuba (b) the Philippines (c) Puerto Rico (d) Batavia
20. Assertion (A): On 4 July 1946 the Philippines became
independent.
Reason (R): Philippines joined the US-dominated South East Asian
Treaty Organisation.
1. Bring out the importance of Kellogg-Briand Pact.
 The Kellogg–Briand Pact was signed in the year of 1928.
 Though the US did not become a member of the League of
Nations, it participated in this meet.
 The outcome of this pact was the pledge of all nations of the
world to renounce war.
2. Why did Germany withdraw from the League of Nations in 1933?

 In Disarmament Conference, The issue was the German
rearmament plan on a par with France.
 The French refused to agree to this proposal.
 As a result, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations.
3. What was the background for the formation of Rome-Berlin Axis?

 Britain and France condemned Mussolini‟s invasion of
Ethiopia.
 This helped Hitler to establish close relationship with Italy.
105
 This was the beginning of Rome–Berlin Axis.
4. What was the essence of the Munich agreement?

 In the Munich conference, the premiers of Britain, France,
Germany and Italy joined the meeting.
 The German army should occupy the Sudetenland, as
demanded by Hitler.
 Parts of Czechoslovakia should go to Poland and Hungary.
5. What do you know of Dunkirk Evacuation?

 During the Second World War, French troops were driven to
the shores of the Dunkirk coast.
 From there, they were forced to leave the boats and the small
ships.
 The French soldiers evacuated from Dunkirk formed the
nucleus of the Free French army.
6. Highlight the importance of Japan‟s attack on Pearl Harbour.

 United States declared war on Japan.
 Thus making it an absolute second world war.
 Britain and China joined the US.
7. Enumerate the essential principles of Atlantic Charter.

 No territorial changes without the consent of the people
concerned.
 Freedom to travel across the sea without hindrance.
 Disarmament of all nations that threaten aggression.
8. Examine the importance of the Treaty of Nanking.

 The treaty of Nanking signed at the end of first Opium War.
 This treaty opened the doors to Britain.
106
 China ceded Hong Kong and paid an indemnity.
9. Explain the immediate outcome of American rule established in

the Philippines in 1902.
 The primary colonial institutions were firmly established.
 The system of civil services and judiciary was established on
the basis of English education.
 The municipal and provincial governments were established
through the elections.
10. Assess the significance of the Cavite uprising.

 In Philippines, Cavite uprising , was crushed served to
promote the nationalist cause.
 A number of Filipino intellectuals were arrested.
 After a brief trial, three priests were publicly executed.
1 Why was Hitler keen on capturing Stalingrad? Point out how his
plan turned out to be his “Waterloo”.
 Hitler thought Stalingrad would be a prize catch, as it was a
large industrial city.
 He was also aiming for the rich oil fields of the Caucasus.
 Hitler thought that the occupation of the city named Joseph

Stalin would enhance his pride.
 It became clear that the German Army could not hold
Stalingrad.
 Yet Hitler refused to allow a strategic withdrawal.
2 Allied bombing of Germany became a symbol of terror bombing

campaign. Elucidate.
 Germany's City of Dresden was completely destroyed.
 The raids became a symbol of the “terror bombing” campaign
107
against Germany.
 During this period, 600,000 German citizens were killed.
 Slowly, the German army was forced back.
3 Bring out the significance of Huk Rebellion.

 The Philippine Communist peasants were called Huk.
 Huk areas were bombarded by government forces.
 As a result, the huk resorted to guerrilla warfare.
 At first they adopted it as a defensive posture.
 The “Huk rebellion” had been crushed by the Philippine
government, assisted by the U.S.
4 Highlight the important results of the Second World War.

 Germany ceased to be a great power.
 Europe lost its status and prestige.
 The economy was in a shambles.
 The U.S and Soviet Russia were emerged the two dominant
powers of the world.
5 Attempt an account of Boxer Rebellion in China.

 The Boxers came from peasants, particularly from Shandong
province.
 The original aim of the Boxers was the destruction of the
Manchu dynasty.
 And also destruction of the Westerners who enjoyed a
privileged position in China.
 The Boxers burned churches and foreign residences.
6 Discuss the role of Kuomintang Party in China‟s nationalist

politics.
 Sun Yat-sen founded a political party in Tokyo, which became
108
the Kuomintang Party.

 Sun Yat-sen, the inspirer of the organisation, wanted a
republic china.
 After the death of Sun Yat-sen , the Kuomintang did not adopt
Communist policies.
 The Kuomintang represented the interests of the landlords and
capitalists.
7 Estimate the contribution of Sukarno to the independence of

Indonesia.
 Sukarno organised the Indonesian Nationalist Party.
 This party in the country was supported by the westernised
secular middle class.
 In 1931 Sukarno was imprisoned and the party he founded was
dissolved.
 With Japans support, he got indonesias independence by
Eviction the Dutch.
1. The seeds for the Second World War were sowed in the treaty of
Versailles. Discuss with reasons.
 The terms imposed upon Germany at the end of First World
War were harsh.
 Stripped off its colonies, the size of the German army was
drastically reduced.
 Germany was forced to cede Alsace and Lorraine to France.
 Germany agree to the temporary occupation by French troops
of the Saar valley.
 Germany was also compelled to hand over to Poland large
parts of the industrial area of Silesia.
 Further Germany was to pay an impossible sum in reparation.
 Austria was not allowed to unite with Germany.
109
 Such bad Features later led to the political success of the Nazi
Party in Germany.
2. Examine to what extent Germany and Hitler were responsible for

the outbreak of Second World War.
 Hitler held a general referendum in the SAR area and annexed
it with Germany.
 In 1936 Hitler flouted the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops
to occupy Rhineland.
 The Nazi state was established in Austria by the pressure of
Hitler.
 Then the German forces entered Vienna and began to
establish control over the country.
 Before the referendum was held in the Sudetenland, Hitler
occupied it with his army.
 Using the conflict in Czechoslovakia, Hitler sent German
forces to occupy the conflict zone.
 Hitler, who was aiming to occupy the whole of Europe, On
september 1, 1939, the attack on Poland was held.
 The reason for the Second World War was the rejection of
Britains ultimatum to leave Germany in Poland.
3. Describe Mao Tse Tung‟s contribution to the establishment of

Communist government in China.
 In 1918 a Society for the Study of Marxism was formed in
Peking University.
 Among the students who attended was a young assistant
librarian by the name of Mao Tse-tung.
 The Kuomintang government in China was more corrupt.
 Mao knew that the Kuomintang grip on the towns was too
strong.
110
 So concentrated his energies on organizing the peasantry.

 He took refuge in the hills between Kiangsi and Hunan.
 Later, Mao wanted to move out of Hunan for safer territory.
 The communist army then carried out the 'long march'.
 As a result of the Long March, Mao became the ruler of the
people in China.
4. Make a comparative analysis of common and varying features

in the liberation struggles of Indonesia and Philippines.
Common features :
 Both countries were a colony of European countries.
 In both countries, the communists gave voice against to the
domination of colonialism.
 During World War II, both countries were under Japanese
occupation.
 Both countries got Independence, after the second War.
Varying features :
The Philippines went to the Indonesia is the colonial
U.S. control after being a country of the Dutch state.
colony of the Spanish state.
Nationalism developed among The nationalist movement
the Filipinos earlier than became the most belated in
elsewhere. Indonesia.
The Philippines got Indonesia got independence
independence in 1946 with the in 1949 due to pressure from
support of the United States. the U.N Security Council.
Lesson : 15
The World after World War II

1. By the end of 1947 the only country left out of the Soviet influence
in eastern Europe was ___________
111
(a) East Germany (b) Czechoslovakia (c) Greece (d) Turkey
2. Assertion (A): Stalin criticised Churchill as a warmonger.
Reason (R): Churchill had earlier called for a western alliance

against communism.
(a) Both A and R are correct; R explains A
(b) Both A and R are correct; R does not explain A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong (d) A is wrong and R is correct
3. The term “Cold War” was coined by
(a) Bernard Baruch (b) George Orwell
(c) George Kennan (d) Churchill
4. Assertion (A): The soviet foreign minister dubbed the Marshall Plan
as "dollar imperialism".
Reason (R): In the Soviet view, Marshall Plan was little more than a
ploy to spread American influence.
5 Marshall aid was for the purpose of ___________
(a) Economic reconstruction of Europe
(b) Protection of capitalistic enterprises.
(c) Establishment of American hegemony in Europe
(d) forming a military alliance against Soviet Russia
6. Truman doctrine advocated ___________
(a) financial aid to stop the spread of communism
(b) supply of weapons to the insurgents in colonies
(c) interference in internal affairs of east European countries
(d) permanent army to UN under US Commander

112
7. Arrange the following in chronological order
1) Warsaw Pact 2) CENTO 3) SEATO 4) NATO
(a) 4, 2, 3, 1 (b) 1, 3, 2, 4 (c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4
8. The aim of the Baghdad Pact was to ___________
(a) protect England‟s leadership in the Middle East
(b) exploit the oil resources in the region
(c) prevent communist influence
(d) destabilise the government in Iraq
9. US intervention in Lebanon was opposed by ___________
(a) Turkey (b) Iraq (c) India (d) Pakistan

10. The term “Third World” was coined by ___________
(a) Alfred Sauvy (b) Marshall (c) Molotov (d) Harry Truman
11. Match and choose the correct answer from the code given below
(A) Indonesia 1. Jawaharlal Nehru
(B) Egypt 2. Tito
(C) Ghana 3. Kwame Nkrumah
(D) Yugoslavia 4. Gamal Abdel Nasser
(E) India 5. Sukarno
A B C D E
(a) 5 3 4 2 1
(b) 1 3 2 4 5
(c) 5 4 3 2 1
(d) 1 2 3 4 5
12. The first Summit of NAM was held at ___________
(a) Belgrade (b) Beijing (c) Bandung (d) Pali
13. Assertion (A): The Second World War proved that the League of
Nation was a failure.
113
Reason (R): World leaders realised the need for the creation of an
effective organisation to prevent another war.
(b) Both A and R are correct; but R does not explain A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong (d) A is wrong and R is correct
14. On 24 October 1945, the UNO came into existence with

___________
(a) 100 members (b) 72 members (c) 51 members (d) 126 members
Statement I: The Birth of UNO coincided with the beginning of

Cold War.
Statement II: During the Cold War period, the UNO played an
important role in preventing wars.
Statement III: But in disputes involving the permanent members of

the Security Council, the UNO was a mute spectator.
(a) I, II (b) II, III (c) I, III (d) All the above
16. Suez Canal connects the Red Sea with the ___________
(a) Gulf of Aden (b) Gulf of Khambat (c) Mediterranean Sea (d)
Arabian Sea
17. Trygve Lie, the first Secretary General of the UNO, belonged to
___________
(a) Burma (b) Japan (c) Singapore (d) Norway
18. Assertion (A): In 2017, Britain voted to exit the European Union.
Reason (R): Britain‟s exit is known as Brexit.
114
19. Glasnost denotes ___________
(a) transparency and openness
(b) democratisation of Communist Party of Soviet Union
(c) restructuring of the Soviet Federal Assembly
(d) reinventing communism
20. Soviet Union disintegrated on ___________
(a) November 17, 1991 (b) December 8, 1991
(c) May 1, 1991 (d) October 17, 1991

1. Identify the espionage agencies of USA and USSR.
 In the United States the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was
established in 1947.
 The Sovit Union‟s KGB, or C N S was formed in 1954.
2. Explain the concept of containment of communism.

 The US wanted to restoring the European economy and
control communism.
 For this, the US put forward the Truman Doctrine and the
Marshall Plan.
 Further, the European Economic Cooperation Agency was
formed in 1948.
3. Point out the significance of the “Uniting for Peace” resolution

passed by the UN General Assembly.
 The General Assembly took initiative in US to pass the
“Uniting for Peace” resolution.
 If the Security Council could not reach an agreement in a
crisis, the General Assembly may make a recommendation to
use the military.
 USSR regarded this resolution as illegal.
115
4. What do you know about Cominform?

 USSR set up The Cominform in 1947.
 This was an organisation in which all European communist
parties were represented.
 It discouraged trade contact between the non-communist
countries.
5. Provide examples of Surrogate Wars in the cold war era.

 The Korean War and the Vietnam Wars were classic examples
of the Cold War period.
 In both cases Soviet Union supported the communist
government in North Korea and in North Vietnam.
 The United States supported South Korea and South Vietnam.
6. What was the background to the Hungarian Crisis?

 The Russians agreed to Nagy becoming premier again in
Hungary.
 He started introducing a multiparty system and set up a
coalition government.
 Enraged by the development, Soviet Russia sent its army into
Hungary and crushed the rebellion
7. What was Schuman Plan?

 Robert Schuman, the French foreign minister, realised that a
reconciliation between France and Germany was good for
both.
 He proposed the joint production of two countries coal and
steel to be administered by the High Authority.
 This plan for sectoral economic integration created mutual
interests and automaticallylinked the two countries.
116
8. Outline the concept of Perestroika.

 Gorbachev announced the Perestroika at the communist Party
Congress in Soviet Russia.
 Perestroika describes the necessity of a political and
economic re-structuring.
 By Perestroika Gorbachev loosened centralised control of
many institutions.
1. Warsaw Pact was a response of the Soviet Union to the US

controlled NATO-Explain.
 When West Germany became a member of NATO, USSR
decided to make a counter arrangement.
 In May 1955, The Soviet Union and its allies signed this treaty.
 It was signed in The Polish Capital of Warsaw, and was named
the Warsaw Pact.
 The treaty called upon member states to come to the defence
of any member if it was attacked by an outside force.
2. Write about the different stages in the final adoption of UN Charter.

 At Dumbrton Oaks, representatives of China, the Soviet Union,
the United States and the United Kingdom met and formulated
proposals for a world organisation.
 The Moscow declaration recognised the need for an
international organisation to replace the League of Nations.
 Decisions on the voting system in security council and a few
other issues were raised in Yalta Conference.
 After holding deliberations and negotiations at the San
Francisco Conference, the Charter of the United Nations was
finalised.
117
3. Trace the background of the formation of NATO.

 Despite the friendship of the United States, Western European
countries felt insecure.
 Communist victory in Czechoslovakia added to their fears.
 The Western European countries were now willing to consider
a collective security solution.
 In this context that the NATO organization was formed.
4. Give a brief account of Suez Canal Crisis.

 In July 1956, the Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser
nationalised the Suez Canal.
 Which was until then privately owned by the Anglo-French
Suez Canal Corporation.
 So the Israeli, French and British forces invaded the Sinai
Peninsula.
 UN forces expelled Israeli, British and French troops in march
1957 .
5. Why SEATO was not so popular as NATO?

 SEATO is seen as an Asian-Pacific version of NATO.
 Only two Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines and
Thailand, were members of the organization.
 SEATO only for consultation.
 Leaving each individual nation to react individually to internal
threats.
1. Highlight the goals and objectives of the Non- Aligned Movement.
 Respect of fundamental human rights
 Respect of the objectives and principles of the Charter of the
United Nations.
 Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all
nations.
118
 Recognition of the equality among all races and of the

equality among all nations.
 Non-intervention or non-interference in the internal affairs of
another country.
 Non-use of pressures by any country against other countries.
 Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means.
 Promotion of mutual interest and cooperation.
 Respect for justice and international obligations.
2. Discuss the origin of Arab-Israeli conflict and show how

subsequent developments caused a major war between the two in
1967.
 As the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into a
Jewish state and an Arab state in November 1947.
 So conflict broke out almost immediately between Jews and
Arabs in Palestine.
 On the eve of the British forces‟ withdrawal , Israel declared
independence.
 From the start, when Israel was created, there was little
involvement of the UN in making political decisions.
 By 1966 the U.S. providing began to Israel with advanced
planes and missiles.
 In April 1967 there were artillery exchanges between Israel and
Syria.
 The U.S. Sixth Fleet remained off the Syrian coast.
 Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. In early
June Israel attacked Egypt.
3. In disputes involving the permanent members of the Security

Council, the UNO was a mute spectator. Elucidate this statement
from the cold war period experiences.
119
 On 5 November 1956, British and French troops landed at the

Egyptian town of Port Said.
 The General Assembly, at the initiative of the US, called for an
emergency session and condemned the invasion.
 So Israel, Great Britain and France stopped fighting and
decided to withdraw their forces from Egypt.
 Nagy introduced a multiparty system and set up a coalition
government in Hungary.
 Enraged by the development, Soviet Russia sent its army into
Hungary and crushed the rebellion.
 The UN has repeatedly tried to hold the International Peace
Conference in its support to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict completely.
 On the above issues, the Security Council's permanent states
have used their veto power and extend the issue.
 Moreover, the UN was a silent observer, as the permanent
members of the SecurityCouncil were involved in the issues.
4. Sketch the political career of Boris Yetlsin, focusing on his role in

the collapse of Soviet Union.
 Boris Yeltsin Joining the Communist Party in 1961, Later he
became a full-time worker in the party.
 He emerged as a popular figure and began to occupy in key

positions in the Party. He chose to eliminate corruption in the
Moscow party organisation.
 In 1986 Yeltsin was elevated to the Politburo.
 Soon he was made the mayor of Moscow.
 He advocated democratic governance and economic reforms.
 He succeeded in winning a seat in the USSR Congress of
People‟s Deputies.
 The Soviet parliament elected him president of the Russian
120
republic against Gorbachev‟s wishes.

 He became the first popularly elected leader in 1991, after the
collapse of Soviet Union.
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

12 EM HISTORY NOTES 2023-2024 All With Maps - 230604 - 202330

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

12 EM HISTORY NOTES 2023-2024 All With Maps - 230604 - 202330

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

12 EM HISTORY NOTES 2023-2024 All With Maps - 230604 - 202330

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GOVERNMENT BOYS HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MARTHANDAM 12 EM HISTORY 223-2024

(i) East India Association (ii) Madras Mahajana Sabha

Statement III: The Orissa famine prompted Dadabai Naoroji to

 Nationalism means loyalty and devotion to a nation.

2. Describe the implications of the new land tenures?

3. Write a note on Indigo revolt?

4. Discuss the importance of Illbert Bill.

 The Indian judges were empowered to try europeans through

5. Highlight the contribution of missionaries to modern education.

 They taught modern education to Indians.

6. What were the grievances represented by the Madras Native

Association in their petition to the British Parliament?

7. Make a list of the important political associations formed in India

prior to the Indian National Congress.

8. Identify the prominent early Indian nationalists.

 W C. Bonnerjee , BadruddinTyabji, Surendranath Banerjee.

2. What do you know of the Madras visit of the chairman of Indian

3. Point out the role played by press in creating nationalist

4. Describe the way in which indentured labour was organized in

5. Name the prominent participants in the inaugural meeting of

6. Attempt a brief account of early emigration of labourers to Ceylon.

7. What were the items which constituted Home Charges?

1. Discussthe impact of Western education on Indian Middle Class,

 They initially had a cordial approach to the British

2. Examine the Socio-economic causes for the rise of nationalism

3. To what extent the repressive and racist policy measures of the

British were responsible for the national awakening in India.

4. Explain the objectives of the Indian National Congress and

contributions of the early nationalists to the cause of India‟s

 I.C.S. examinations should be conducted simultaneously in

Contributions of the early nationalists

2. Consider the following statements.

B. Dawn Society - 2. a revolt against their state of

(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

1. What was called the mendicant policy of the Moderates?

3. Identify the leaders of the epicenters of militant nationalism in

4. Why was militant nationalism was on the decline by 1908?.

 The Surat split of 1907 was another contributing factor to this

5. What were the repressive measures adopted by the colonial

2. Explain the reasons for the spurt in individual acts of violence

 The revolutionary action was considered an attempt to restore

3. Highlight the methods used by samitis for mass mobilization.

 Samitis taught members exercise and morals.

 samitis Served during famines and epidemics.

 It established the Local schools and tribunals.

4. What do you know of Coral Mill Strike of 1908?

 The abject working and living conditions of the Coral Mill

5. Outline the essence of the Alipore Bomb Case.

 A urobindo Ghose, along with his brother and thirty-five other

 Aurobindo Ghosh was released because there was no

6. Write about the swadeshi venture of V.O. C.

 He opposition to the monopoly of the British in navigation

 He used the maritime glory of India‟s past for the Swadeshi

7. Why was Collector Ashe killed by Vanchinathan.

 The repressive measures of the British administration.

 Repression of the Swadeshi efforts in Tuticorin.

 The arrest and humiliation of the swadeshi leaders generated

IV. Answer the following in detail

 Initially, the movement gained more reaction to the partition of