Primary 1

Lava Lamp
● 1. A plastic bottle
● 2. Water
● 3. Cooking oil
● 4. Food coloring (water soluble)
● 5. Effervescent tablets (Jesscool / Redoxon)
● 6. A flashlight

1. Pour water and oil into the bottle. Make sure to put in more oil, about 75% of the
total volume.

2. Add 5 drops of water soluble food coloring.

3. Drop the effervescent tablets in the bottle. Observe what happens.

4. If you want to see the effect better, put a flashlight under it and move to a dark
place. You can also add more effervescent tablets.

Firstly, we pour more oil than water to make the reaction more visible, because
water will be pushed upwards through oil. Water and oil cannot mix on its own, for
water is polar while oil is nonpolar. Water soluble food coloring is used to only dye
the water, not the oil. Effervescent tablets dissolve in water and release CO2
(carbon dioxide) gas bubbles, which will attach to colored water, and make them
rise to the top. When the bubbles burst, the water will fall back to the bottom. This
repeats over and over until the tablets are completely dissolved.

https://funlearningforkids.com/super-cool-lava-lamp-experiment

http://www.sciencefun.org/kidszone/experiments/lava-lamp/

Cola VS Milk
● 1. Plain milk
● 2. Coca-cola

Steps :

1. Open the lid of Coca Cola and milk.

2. Slowly pour the milk into the Coca Cola bottle.

3. Close the cola bottle lid and shake until milk and coca cola are mixed well.

4. Wait for approximately 1 hour and observe what happens.

Acid molecules and phosphorus from Coca-Cola sticks to milk and makes milk
molecules curdle (clump together). These milk molecules begin to descend to the
bottom of the bottle because its weight is heavier than cola. After more than an
hour, the milk will bind all cola molecules and bring them down to the bottom of
the bottle, leaving clear liquid at the top of the bottle.

Making Bubbles
● 1. A large container
● 2. Water
● 3. Dish soap / detergent paste
● 4. A spoon
● 5. Fresh coconut leaf midrib (lidi kelapa) / craft wire
● 6. Food coloring
● A measuring cup

1. In a large container, put 250 ml clean water.

2. Add 50 ml dish soap and mix gently, or you can use detergent paste.
3. When the soap is dissolved, it is ready to use. You can also add food
coloring to make colorful bubbles.
4. To make the bubble wand, you can use coconut leaf ribs (lidi kelapa).
Choose fresh ones, they are more pliable. Alternatively, use craft wire
and make a loop in one end.

Do you know what bubbles are made of?

Bubbles are formed when air is blown inside the soap layer. Think of it
like a balloon, but rather than latex rubber, the casing is made of soap
and water. Soap causes water to be more stretchy and enables it to
form a bubble. The size of a bubble depends on how strong the soap
solution is and how well you can blow air into it!
Simple Aromatherapy Candles
● 1. Plain candles, chopped into small pieces
● 2. Thick cotton yarn / candle wick
● 3. Essential oils
● 4. Wax crayons / colorants
● 5. A saucepan
● 6. An used can
● 7. Small transparent glass cups
● 8. A stove
● A wooden spoon/stirrer
● Thin wood sticks/toothpicks

1. Boil water in a saucepan.

2. Put the candle pieces in a used can and hold it in boiling water to melt them.
Make sure water doesn’t get into the can.

3. After the candle pieces have melted, add crayon pieces or colorants as desired,
then stir using a wooden stirrer.

4. Arrange glass cups on a flat surface. Prepare them by tying candle wicks to a
stick/toothpick to keep them upright and centered in the cups.

5. After the pieces of candle and coloring have been thoroughly mixed, add 10
drops of essential oil, then remove the can from the pan.

6. Pour candle wax mix into prepared glass cups. Leave to dry.

Primary 2
Dry Coin Rescue
● A glass plate
● A clear drinking glass
 ● A lighter/matches
● Water
● A candle
● Food coloring

1. Pour some water into a clear glass plate.

2. Mix some food coloring in the water, to make it attractive. Stir.
3. Put the candle on the plate, and light it up.
4. Cover the lit candle with a drinking glass.
5. Observe what happens.

When the candle is lit, carbon and oxygen atoms in the air combine to form
carbon dioxide. The pressure of gas inside the glass will fall, increase when
burning and decrease when cooling. The falling pressure causes water to
move inside the glass. So, we can take the coin without getting wet.

Strawberry Jam
● 300 g strawberries
● 150 g sugar
● Half a lemon, squeezed
● 50 ml water
● A cutting board & knife set
● A stove
● A non-stick pan
● A spatula
● A glass jar

1. Wash and clean the strawberries thoroughly, and cut into small
pieces.
2. Put the cut strawberries in the nonstick pot, add sugar, lemon juice,
and water.
3. Stir constantly and mash the strawberries until the mixture is reduced
and thickened.
4. Turn off the heat, let the jam cool down.
5. After it is cooled, pour the jam into a clean glass jar and keep
refrigerated.
Straw Rockets
● Scissors
● A glue gun
● Craft (eva) foam
● Duct tape / adhesive tape
● Drinking straws (wide and normal)

1. Cut a 5 cm piece from the wide straw, and seal one end with duct /
adhesive tape until it is airtight.
2. Then, cut the craft foam into 3 small triangles.
3. With the glue gun, attach the triangles on the big straw’s unsealed
end.
4. You are done! Time to play. Use the bent part of the normal straw to
blow your new straw rockets.

Salted Eggs
● 10 chicken eggs
● 250 g salt
● 8 cloves garlic
● 1 litre mineral water
● A big clear container
● A cooking pot
● A stove
● A weighting element, wrapped in plastic

1. Dissolve the salt in 1 litre of water inside the cooking pot. To speed up
the process, heat on low flame. Turn off when finished.
2. Cool the salted water completely. Transfer to the container.
3. Thoroughly clean the eggs and arrange them in the container.
Normally, when salting duck eggs, they need to be sanded, but
chicken eggs don't need this treatment because their skins are thin,
and prone to breaking.
 4. Finely mince the garlic to add in the mixture, mix slowly.
5. Press down the eggs with the weight, making sure they are
completely submerged. Close the container’s lid tightly.
6. Leave to marinate for 2-3 weeks.
7. After the period, remove the eggs and transfer to a clean container.
8. Boil the salted eggs until cooked. Salted eggs are ready to enjoy!

Primary 3
Popping Pepper
● Ground white pepper
● Salt
● A balloon
● A plastic ruler
● A sheet of paper

1. Blow up the balloon.

2. Scatter salt and pepper on the paper.
3. Rub the balloon on your pants. Bring it close to the salt and pepper. Observe
what happens.
4. Rub the plastic ruler on your pants. Bring it close to the salt and pepper.
Observe what happens.
5. Rub the balloon on your hair. Bring it close to the salt and pepper. Observe
what happens.
6. Rub the plastic ruler on your hair. Bring it close to the salt and pepper.
Observe what happens.

If the experiment goes well, when the balloon rubbed on your pants is brought close
to the salt and pepper, the pepper will ‘jump’ while the salt stays still. Rubbing the
balloon on your pants loads the balloon with electrons and makes it negatively
charged. Both salt and pepper have neutral charge (same number of protons &
electrons). Why, then, does the pepper ‘jump’? Bringing the negatively charged
balloon nearby polarizes the pepper’s protons & electrons. Proton collects in the
pepper’s surface near the balloon, and this difference in charges causes an attraction
between the two. This is why pepper can jump!

The same thing happens to salt, but salt is too heavy to jump, therefore it stays still.
What happened to the plastic ruler that was rubbed on your pants?

….………………………………………………………………………………………………

….………………………………………………………………………………………………

What happened to the balloon that was rubbed on your hair?

….………………………………………………………………………………………………

….………………………………………………………………………………………………

What happened to the plastic ruler that was rubbed on your hair?

….………………………………………………………………………………………………

Archimedes’ Screw
● 2 small plastic tubing, 1.5 m each
● Plastic raffia string
● Food coloring
● A big plastic basin
● A small plastic basin
● A measuring cup
● 1 metre of 0.5 inch (15 mm) pipe
● 1 metre of 0.75 inch (20 mm) pipe
● A stool or low table
1. Take the 0.5 inch pipe piece, and tie the plastic tubing on one end.
2. Wrap the plastic tubing around the length of the pipe to form a screw shape.
Fasten with raffia string.
3. Mix water and food coloring in the big plastic basin.
4. Prop the small plastic basin on a stool and put it approx. 90 cm away from the
big basin.
5. Position the wrapped pipe so one end is inside the big basin and the other
rests above the small basin.
6. Turn the Archimedes screw 30 times so the water rises.
7. Repeat the same steps for the 0.75 inch pipe.

Archimedes’ screw, also known as the water screw, is a machine that has been used
to transport water since the ancient times. Water that is scooped up inside the
screw (in this experiment, the plastic tubing) will rise as it is turned, and backflow will
not happen because This is an example of an inclined plane simple machine.With
inclined planes, it is possible to travel between different heights. In the ancient
times, this screw was made of wood and used to pump water, irrigate plants, and
remove water from the hold of a ship before valves were invented.
Which screw can transfer more water in 30 turns? The 0.5 inch pipe, or the 0.75 inch
one?

Mobius Strip
● A piece of paper
● A ruler
● Scissors
● A pencil
● Glue / double sided tape

1. Cut paper into 2.5x25 cm long pieces twice.

2. Draw a line in the middle of one paper along its length.
3. Glue or tape the ends together to form a loop.
4. Cut along the line you drew. What happens?
5. Draw a line in the middle of the other paper along its length.
6. Twist one end once before gluing/taping the ends together.
7. Cut along the line you drew. What happens?

This peculiar trick is named after its founder, August Mobius, who invented it in 1858.
A Mobius strip is a one-sided surface with no boundaries. Try drawing another line
along the length of your Mobius strip and you will find that it takes twice as long, but
the starting point will eventually be the ending point too. Fascinating, isn’t it?

In daily life, the Mobius strip is used to improve how things work. For example,
conveyor belts used to be worn out on one side more quickly while the unused side
is not worn out. However, by twisting and making the belt a Mobius strip, this way all
sides are used evenly and they wear and tear at the same rate, prolonging the use of
the belt.

The discovery of this strip opened a new branch of mathematics, which is called
topology, where objects are twisted, stretched, bent, and contorted from one shape
to another. Topology studies the relationships between objects, and one way to stury
relationships is to break something. This is what you’re doing when you cut a Mobius
strip lengthwise. Instead of getting two loops, you will get one big circle with two
twists. This is because a Mobius strip has only one side and one twist. Therefore,
when you cut it, you will get two twists.

Light Bending with Lasers

● An empty plastic bottle
● Scissors
● Water
 ● A laser pointer

1. Make a hole with scissors on one side of the empty bottle.

2. Fill the bottle with water. Let water spill off the hole.
3. Light up the laser pointer and position it on the other side directly opposite
the hole, aiming at the water flow.
4. Observe what happens.
5. Do this experiment in a dark room to see the effect more clearly.

Why does the laser beam bend?

This experiment demonstrates refraction, where light bends as it enters different

mediums. This is also how fiber optic cables operate. In this experiment, you are
passing light through a different medium, which is water. Once in the water, the
light cannot pass the water boundary again, so it bends according to the stream
coming out of the hole.

Primary 4
Cola Inflation
● A bottle of cola (preferably diet/light/zero version)
● Mentos candies
● A balloon

1. Over a sink, open the cola bottle and insert Mentos candies inside.
2. Fasten the balloon over the cola bottle’s mouth and shake the bottle
around to trigger a reaction.
3. The balloon will inflate on its own! What do you think is happening?

How can the balloon inflate on its own?

First, we fastened the balloon over the bottle’s mouth, just like how we blow a
balloon with our mouth. There needs to be a source of gas/air inside the
mouth, and this is what the cola and mentos combination is for. While we use
our lungs to blow a balloon, cola and mentos causes a chemical reaction to
generate gas.
What exactly happens when cola and mentos are combined?

Cola is a soda, which is another term for carbonated drink. By carbonated, it

means that carbon dioxide was added to make the drink fizzy & bubbly.
When mentos candies are inserted, this frees up the carbon dioxide in the
cola and they travel upwards to escape. Since we covered the opening with a
balloon, this gas goes into the balloon and inflates it. The more mentos and
cola you have, the bigger your balloon will be!

Floating Needle Compass

● A bowl
● Water
● A sewing needle
● A magnet
● Styrofoam or other light objects that float on water

1. Fill a bowl with water.

2. Take the needle and rub it over a magnet in one direction to magnetize
it.
3. Place the needle on top of a piece of styrofoam and float it on the
water.
4. The needle will spin and lay on a north-south axis.
5. Mark the north and south points. Try rotating the bowl! The needle will
still point north.

The Earth has a natural magnetic field generated by iron and nickel in its
core. Our whole world is a giant magnetic field, which makes it possible for
compasses to work, since their needles are made of magnets. If you float a
magnet on water, it will naturally lay on a north-south axis, meaning one end
points north and the other points south. In this experiment, you made the
needle magnetic by magnetizing it. This needle is then floated on water to let
it move freely.
Bernoulli’s Balloons
Pakai model ini >> https://youtu.be/l_kIbu1kOwo saja

- 2 balloons
- 1 wire hanger
- Sewing thread
- Scissors
- A toilet paper tube or similar tube

1. Blow up 2 balloons and make sure both have a similar size.

2. Cut 2 30 cm pieces of thread with a scissor.
3. Tie the thread around each balloon’s knot and hang them on a hanger.
Allow a 10-15 cm space between the balloons.
4. Blow at the gap between the balloons through a toilet paper tube. Do
the balloons move?
5. Now blow again, stronger than before. Do the balloons move this time?

This balloon experiment demonstrates Bernoulli’s Principle, which states that

fast-moving fluids actually have lower pressure than slow-moving fluids. This
principle applies to air as well, because it is a gas that can change shape and
flow through objects. Have you ever seen a ping-pong ball ‘floating’ above a
hairdryer or similar machine? It is Bernoulli’s principle in action--the air on its
sides and on top has higher pressure that keeps the ball fixed on its position.

When you blow on the gap strongly, it lowers the pressure in the area. The
balloons are then pushed towards each other because the air surrounding
them is suddenly stronger than the gap. You have to blow really strongly,
though, otherwise the pressure difference won’t be enough to make them
touch. Slow blowing won’t really affect the balloons because slow flowing air
is not enough to change the pressure. This experiment also works with other
light objects, try using ping pong balls or empty soda cans!

Impenetrable Rice
● A toilet paper tube
● Tissue
 ● Scissors
● Rubber bands
● Rice
● A relay baton / similar object

1. Cover one end of the toilet paper tube with tissue, and carefully tie with
a rubber band.
2. Place the tube on a table with the covered end on the bottom. Fill the
tube with rice until it reaches ¾ of its height.
3. Take the tube off the table and press the rice with a relay baton as hard
as you can. No matter how hard you try, you won’t be able to tear the
tissue!

When you pour rice into the tube, it displaces the air previously inside the
tube. Instead of a large amount of air, there are now only small air pockets
between rice grains. Pressing on the rice with a relay baton further
compresses these gaps and packs the rice more tightly together. This tightly-
packed rice absorbs the pressure from the baton and prevents tissue from
tearing.

Primary 5
Egg in a Bottle
- A boiled egg
- A wide-mouthed glass bottle/container, such as an Erlenmeyer flask
- Matches
- Cooking oil

1. Peel the egg.

2. Set the bottle on the table and open its lid. Lightly oil the mouth of the
bottle and its neck.
3. Light 3 matches and carefully drop them inside the bottle.
 4. Place your peeled egg pointy side down on the bottle’s mouth. Make
sure you do this before the matches go out.
5. Observe what happens.

https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/egg-in-a-bottle/

As the matches burn, you will see the egg squeeze itself into the neck of the
bottle and finally come inside. What causes this to happen?

It is all because of air pressure. When the matches burn, it causes the air inside the
bottle to become hot and expand. In this expanded state, you covered the mouth
with the egg, sealing the bottle completely. Since the fire no longer has access to
oxygen, the matches will go out, and the air inside the bottle cools down and
contracts (shrinks). This contraction of air inside the bottle causes pressure to drop
and ‘pulls’ the egg inside the bottle, since now the air outside has greater pressure
than inside.

https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/egg-in-a-bottle/

Ocean in a Bottle
• Water

• Cooking oil

• Blue food colouring

• A 2L soda bottle, emptied and cleaned

• A funnel

1. Fill approximately 1/3 of your bottle with water.

2. Add several drops of blue food colouring.

3. Shake the bottle to disperse the food

colouring.

4. Tip the bottle upside down and watch your ocean come to life.
The way the waves roll cascade inside the bottle is just beautiful, and watching the big
blobs of colour
swoosh and fall through the yellow oil is really fascinating. The more you agitate the
bottle, the more
the bubbly the ocean becomes. Set your bottle down occasionally to let the bubbles
settle, and then start all over again.

Cluck Cluck Cup

• A plastic drinking cup

• Cotton yarn or string (nylon string will not work well)

• A paper clip

• A paper towel

• A nail

• Scissors

• Water

1. Cut a piece of yarn about 40 cm long and set aside.

2. Carefully punch a hole in the center of the bottom of the cup with the nail.
Do this under your teacher’s supervision.

3. Tie one end of the yarn to the middle of the paper clip.

4. Push the other end of the yarn through the hole in the cup and pull it
through, so that the clip is trapped outside the cup.

5. Cut a paper towel into a dollar bill size, fold in half crosswise and dampen it
with water.

6. Hold the cup in one hand, and wrap the damp paper towel around the string
inside the cup. Squeeze tightly and pull the paperclip down in short jerks. Make
sure the paper towel slides along the string.

7. If you are successful, you will hear chicken clucking sounds!

HOW IT WORKS :
This is an example of how a sounding board works. The vibrations from the string
would be almost silent without the cup, but when you add the cup, it spreads the
vibrations and amplifies them (makes them louder.) Pianos and music boxes use
wood to act as a sounding board to make the instrument louder.

JUMPING COIN
• A bowl

• Cold water

• A coin

• A glass bottle

1. Fill the bowl with cold water.

2. Place the bottle neck and coin into the bowl of water to chill them.

3. Place the coin on the top of the bottle.

4. Wrap your hands around the bottle and wait for several seconds.

5. Observe what happens.

The warm air pushes harder than the cool air that is outside the bottle so it forces
the coin up.

When the air inside the bottle cools down the coin will stop jumping. The air pressure,
which is its pushing power changes when it is heated. The behaviour of the coin can
be explained by the concept of thermal expansion. Thermal expansion happens when
heat is applied to matter. When subjected to heat, the matter changes in volume as its
particles begin to move around. This is when we notice that matter expands.

In the beginning of the Magic Jumping Coin experiment, both the air and the bottle are
cold because of the cold water. As soon as you placed your hands around the body of
the bottle, the air started to heat up causing thermal expansion to take place. As the air
molecules expand, it pushes its way out of the bottle thus causing the cover, in this case
the coin, to vibrate or jump up and down.
Primary 6
Identifying Conductors and Insulators

You will need:

An electric circuit
A Plastic button
A glass marble
Salt water
Chalk
A brass button
An iron nail
Crayons
Pure water

Complete the following table.

If I put this object or Is this

substance in an object/substance a
Object or Substance
electric circuit, will the conductor or an
bulb light up? insulator?

Plastic button

Glass marble

Salt water

Chalk
Brass button

Iron nail

Crayon

Pure water

Plastic comb

Aluminium baking tray

Recycling Household Rubbish

You will need:

10 kinds of household rubbish (glass bottle, newspaper, apple
core, plastic container, plastic bag, magazine, cardboard box and
food can)

Complete the following table.

Item of Rubbish How I could recycle it?

Testing Air Pressure in Balloons
Materials

● A balloon
● A mason jar
● Paper
● A lighter/matches
● Water
 1. Fill the balloon with water so that it is just too large to fit down inside the
jar and rests on top.
2. Show the kids how the balloon won’t fit through the opening.
3. Light a piece of paper on fire and drop it into the jar. Place the balloon on
top.
4. The balloon will start to shake a bit, then be sucked into the jar. It probably
won’t be sucked in all the way, but about halfway into the jar.

Question to Ask
1. Is it possible for the balloon to enter the jar?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Can we pull the balloon out?
____________________________________________________________________
3. Which balloon worked best or was most difficult to remove? Why?
_________________________________________________________________

How to use air pressure experiments to teach children:

The reason the balloon is sucked into the jar is due to air pressure.
When the piece of paper is heated, it creates hot air, which escapes around
the balloon.
The hot air escaping is what makes the balloon shake at first.
But because the balloon is made of latex, no new air enters the jar, creating a
low-pressure system inside the jar, which sucks the balloon inside.

Apple Oxidation
Instructions

Step 1: Read the text about apple oxidation with the “Apple Browning”
passage. << ini teksnya di mana?
Step 2: Using the information from the passage, plan an experiment to test
liquids for ascorbic acid OR use the directions page with materials and steps
provided.
Step 3: Select a variety of liquids. Examples:
● plain water
● salt water (1/8 tsp of salt, 1 cup of water)
● sugared water (1 tbsp of sugar, 1 cup of water)
● honey water (1 tbsp of honey, 1 cup of water)
● pure lemon juice
● lemonade
● apple juice
● orange juice
Step 4: You should write down predictions about how each liquid will affect
the oxidation process of the apple (using the information you read in Step 1 to
support your predictions).
Step 5: Prepare and pour each liquid into its own bowl, cup, or baggie. Be sure
to label the liquids and use the same amount of each.
Step 6: Slice an apple into small pieces.
Step 7: Immediately place one apple piece into each liquid. Make sure the
liquid is covering the white part of the apple. Leave one piece of apple out of
the liquid as the control variable.
Step 8: After 3 minutes, remove the apples from the liquid and place them on
a platter. Step 9: After 6 minutes, observe the apples again.

Use the table to record your observation

Liquid After three minutes After six minutes