19TE Tear and Tensile Strength

1
DISCLAIMER • The material used in this presentation i.e.,

pictures/graphs/text, etc. is solely intended for
educational/teaching purpose, offered free of cost to
the students for use under special circumstances of
Online Education due to COVID-19 Lockdown
situation and may include copyrighted material - the
use of which may not have been specifically authorised
by Copyright Owners. It’s application constitutes Fair
Use of any such copyrighted material as provided in
globally accepted law of many countries. The contents
of presentations are intended only for the attendees
of the class being conducted by the presenter.
2
TEXTILE TESTING &

DR. IFTIKHAR ALI QUALITY CONTROL
5 SEMESTER, 3 YEAR
TH RD
(B.E TEXTILE ENGG:)

3
RECOMMENDED • Physical Testing of Textiles by B P Saville.
BOOKS • Principles of textile Testing by J E Booth, Third edition.
• Textile Quality physical methods of product and process
control by Mario Bona.
• Relative research papers and articles.
4 LEARNING OUTCOMES
CLO Description Taxonomy Linking

No. Level to
PLOs
CLO- Understand how the quality of textile C2 PLO-2
1 products can be assessed and what
factors influence the results obtained.
5 DETERMINATION OF YARN STRENGTH
As yarn forms the basis of production of all types of fabrics, it is essential

that the strength and elongation of the yarn is monitored by a yarn strength
testing system to ensure that it is suitable for today’s high-speed production
techniques and its performance matches the requirements of the finished
product.
• There are three ways to carry out tensile test:

1. Constant rate of extension (CRE): Here, the rate of elongation of the test specimen is
kept constant and the load is applied accordingly.
2. Constant rate of loading (CRL): Here, the rate of increase of the load is kept uniform
with time, and the rate of extension is dependent on the load elongation characteristics of the
specimen.
(UNIVERSAL TENSILE STRENGTH TESTER)
With the advent of computerised universal tensile strength tester, all kinds of
tensile testing can be done with a single machine just by changing the
sample mounting clamps.
Tests such as single yarn strength; lea skein strength; fabric tensile tests such
as strip test, grab test and so on; peel bond strength; button/snap pull
strength; seam slippage; and zipper strength can be carried out using
universal tensile strength tester.
8 COUNT STRENGTH PRODUCT (CSP)
Calculate the CSP as follows:

CSP = Yam count (Ne) x Lea strength (pounds)
TENSILE STRENGTH
• Measurement of tensile stress–strain properties is the most

common mechanical measurement on fabrics.
• It is used to determine the behavior of a sample while under
stretching load.
• The principle of the tensile strength test is simple: a test piece
is held in two or more places and extended until it breaks.
TENSILE STRENGTH
• There are two common types of tensile breaks: sharp break and
percentage break.
TENSILE STRENGTH
METHODS FOR TESTING TENSILE STRENGTH
• Grab test.
• In the grab test, the width of the jaws is less than the width of the
specimen.
• An example would be for a 100 mm wide specimen where the centrally
mounted jaws are only 25 mm wide.
• This method is used for woven high-density fabrics and those fabrics with
threads not easy to remove from the edges.
TENSILE TESTER
TYPES OF TENSILE TEST
STRIP TEST
• There are two types of strip test: the raveled strip test and the cut strip test.
• In both tests the entire width of the specimen is gripped in both the upper and lower
jaws.
• The raveled strip test is only used for woven fabric and specimens are prepared by
removing threads from either side of the test piece until it is the correct width.
• The cut strip test is used for fabrics that cannot have threads removed from their sides
such as knits, nonwovens, felts and coated fabrics.
• The test specimens are prepared by accurately cutting to size.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE TENSILE STRENGTH
• It should be noted that many factors can affect the tensile test
results.
• These include the number of test specimens, the gauge length used,
the extension rate for the test, jaw slippage and damage to the
specimen by the jaws that may cause ‘jaw break’.
• These factors should be carefully considered when undertaking the
tensile tests of fabrics.
TEARING TEST
• A fabric tears when it is snagged by a sharp object and the immediate

small puncture is converted into a long rip by what may be a very small
extra effort.
• It is probably the most common type of strength failure of fabrics in use.
• It is particularly important in industrial fabrics that are exposed to rough
handling in use such as tents and sacks and those where propagation of a
tear would be catastrophic such as parachutes.
TEARING TEST
• The fabric property usually measured is the force required to propagate

an existing tear and not the force required to initiate a tear, as this usually
requires a cutting of threads.
• As part of the preparation of the fabric specimens a cut is made in them
and then the force required to extend the cut is measured.
TEARING TEST
• This is conveniently carried out by gripping the two halves of the cut
in a standard tensile tester. The various tear tests carried out in this
manner differ mainly in the geometry of the specimen.
• The simplest is the rip test where a cut is made down the center of
a strip of fabric and the two tails pulled apart by a tensile tester.
20 TEARING TEST
TEARING TEST
ELMENDORF TEAR TESTER
• The Elmendorf tear tester is a pendulum type ballistic tester

which measures energy loss during tearing.
ELMENDORF
TEAR TESTER
• The apparatus consists of a sector-shaped pendulum carrying a

clamp, which is in alignment with a fixed clamp when the pendulum
is in the raised starting position, where it has maximum potential
energy.
• The specimen is fastened between the two clamps and the tear is
started by a slit cut in the specimen between the clamps.
• The pendulum is then released, and the specimen is torn as the

moving jaw moves away from the fixed one.
• The pendulum posses potential energy because of its starting height.
• Some of the energy is lost in tearing through the fabric so that as
the pendulum swings through its lowest position it is not able to
swing to the same height as it started from.
• The difference between starting height and finishing height is

proportional to the energy lost in tearing the fabric.
• The scale attached to the pendulum can be graduated to read

the tearing force directly or it may give percentage of the
original potential energy.

19TE Tear and Tensile Strength

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

19TE Tear and Tensile Strength

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

19TE Tear and Tensile Strength

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

DISCLAIMER • The material used in this presentation i.e.,

TEXTILE TESTING &

(B.E TEXTILE ENGG:)

CLO Description Taxonomy Linking

As yarn forms the basis of production of all types of fabrics, it is essential

• There are three ways to carry out tensile test:

Calculate the CSP as follows:

• Measurement of tensile stress–strain properties is the most

• A fabric tears when it is snagged by a sharp object and the immediate

• The fabric property usually measured is the force required to propagate

• The Elmendorf tear tester is a pendulum type ballistic tester

• The apparatus consists of a sector-shaped pendulum carrying a

• The pendulum is then released, and the specimen is torn as the

• The difference between starting height and finishing height is

• The scale attached to the pendulum can be graduated to read

You might also like