STUDENT INDUSTRIES WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

REPORT OF WORK DONE

AT

TRIPPLE P. TECHNOLOGY VENTURE

BY

ABIODUN IFEDAYO JOHNSON

FPA/EE/22/2-0058

SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, ADO- EKITI
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND)
IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MARCH, 2024.
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this SIWES report for 2023/2024 session was undertaken at it was written and
submitted by ABIODUN IFEDAYO JOHNSON with matriculation number FPA/EE/22/2-0058 to the

department of Electrical Engineering

The report was prepared according to the necessary rules and regulation.

SIWES COORDINATOR SIWES SUPERVISOR

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
 DEDICATION

This technical report is dedicated to God almighty for His divine protection and provision during
my internship program and more to my lovely parent Mr. and Mrs. ABIODUN for their advice
and financial support throughout my four months attachment.
 ACKOWLEDGEMENT

My appreciation goes to God Almighty for His grace and opportunity to complete this SIWES
program successfully.
I also acknowledge the resilient effort of my Supervisor ADEOYE T. for his technical
competence, love, moral encouragement and academic instructions that have been of tremendous
value to me during the course of the SIWES programme.
 ABSTRACT

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an accepted skills acquisition
programme which forms part of the approved academic standard in the degree programme for
Nigeria University.

In 1974, the federal government of Nigeria introduced the national policy on industrial training,
called the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).This programmes is under the
umbrella of the ministry of education through the industrial training fund (ITF), was designed to
help students acquire the necessary practical education/experience in their field of study and
other related professions.

This is an effort which was created on order to bridge the existing gap between the theory taught
in the classroom and practice of science, agriculture, medicine, engineering, technology and
other professional programmes in the Nigeria tertiary institution.

The programme was established basically to impact elaborate practical understanding to students
with respect to their various disciplines.
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is one of the Industrial Training

Fund (ITF) programs which were introduced in 1974 due to the inability of students in Nigeria

universities and polytechnics to meet the practical aspects of their training. That is, the needs to

enable students match their theoretical school knowledge with the practical aspect of their

training in industry.

The program was designed for students of tertiary institutions with the aim of exposing

students that have acquired theoretical knowledge in the classrooms to the practical exposure and

experience. The scheme is a tripartite program, involving the student, the university and the

industry (Employer of labor). It is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and jointly

coordinated by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the National Universities Commission

(NUC).

1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

In recognition of the shortcomings and weakness in the formation of graduates,

particularly with respect to acquisition of relevant production skills (RPSs), the Industrial

Training Fund (which was itself established in 1971 by decree 47) initiated the Students’

Industrial Work-experience Scheme (SIWES) in 1973. The scheme was designed to expose

students to the industrial environment and enable them develop occupational competencies so

that they can readily contribute their quota to national economic and technological development

after graduation. Consequently, SIWES is a planned and structured program based on stated and

specific career objectives which are geared toward developing the occupational competencies of
participants. Participation in SIWES has become a necessary condition for the award of degrees

and diplomas

The main thrust of ITF program and services is to stimulate human performance, improve

productivity, and induce value-added production in industry and commerce. Through its SIWES

and Vocational and Apprentice Training Program, the Fund also builds capacity for graduates

and youth self-employment, in the context of Small Scale Industrialization, in the economy.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The program was specially designed to carry out the following;

 Bridge the gap between theory and practical thereby giving students the opportunity to apply

their knowledge accurately.

 Expose students to what their professions entail.

 Improve inter-personal relationship skills of the students.

 Develop skills on practical knowledge

 It helps students to develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their careers.

 It also aid students in adjusting from college to full-time employment.

 It provides students the opportunity to develop attitudes conducive to effective interpersonal

relationships.

 It increases a student's sense of responsibility.

 It prepares students to enter into full-time employment in their area of specialization upon

graduation.

 It helps students to acquire good work habits.

 It helps students to develop employment records/references that will enhance employment

opportunities.
 It provides students the opportunity to understand informal organizational interrelationships.

 It helps to reduce student dropouts.

 It helps students to be able to outline at least five specific goals with several staff members

by comparing performance with job duties and develop a draft plan with staff to accomplish

performance needs, supervision plan and rewards.

1.4 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

The major bodies involved are: The Federal Government and the Industrial Training Fund

(ITF). Other supervising agents are: National University Commission (NUC), National Board

for Technical Education (NBTE), National Council for Colleges of Education (NCCE),

Employers of Labour and Institutions.

The functions of these agencies above include among others to:

1. Ensure adequate funding of the scheme.

2. Establish SIWES and accredit SIWES units in the approved institutions

3. Formulate policies and guidelines for participating bodies and institutions as well as

appointing SIWES coordinators and supporting staff.

4. Supervise students at their places of attachment and sign their log-books and IT forms.

5. Vet and process student’s log-book and forward same to ITF Area office.
 CHAPTER TWO

THE BASICS OF HOME ELECTRICAL WIRING

Since the 1940s, any house built (or any older home that has been rewired) has had to follow an
electrical code: the NEC—written with safety in mind. NEC code identifies types of electrical
wires and electrical cable types by color. When you remove a switch plate, you’ve probably
noticed yellow, white, black, red or green wires. They are not there to be decorative; each serves
a specific purpose, and some don’t play nicely with others.

HOW TO CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRES

When you’re doing wiring installation, you need to identify the parts of the wiring cable, the
non-metallic electrical cable: the outer sheathing (the jacket) and the inner wires. The colored
“wire” you see—the green, black, red, blue or white—is actually the sheathing that covers the
inner copper wires. If you look closely, you’ll see markings stamped on the sheathing to let you
know the number and gauge of wires inside.

WHAT TYPE OF WIRE IS USED FOR RESIDENTIAL?

Most modern homes use nonmetallic (NM) cable that consists of two or more wires wrapped
inside the colored sheathing mentioned previously. The package of wires usually contains one or
more hot wires plus a neutral and a ground. To accommodate wiring in an older home or if your
wiring just needs work, you can splice the old wires with new NM cable using a junction box
that protects wire connections. The larger circuit wires carry circuit voltage that can be really
dangerous to touch. If you don’t know what kind of wires you have, consider them all to be
dangerous.

ELECTRICAL WIRING MISTAKES TO AVOID

An electrical “oops” moment could be really serious, causing short circuits, shocks or fires.
These are a few common mistakes you’ll want to avoid:
-- Never connect wires outside of electrical junction boxes. If there’s no box, add one and
connect the wires inside it.

--Remember the three-inch minimum on wire length. Don’t cut your wires to short. IF you do,
add six-inch extensions.

--Never leave sheathing unprotected between frames, as in a ceiling installation. Staple it to a 2×

2 or use metal conduit if the wire runs along the wall.

--Avoid loose switches or loosely connected outlets.

--Never install a three-slot receptacle without a ground wire.

--Don’t recess an electrical box behind a wall surface. Instead, add a wall extension.

--Secure cable with a clamp so wire insulation doesn’t cut or fray.

COMMON HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS

If you have old wiring, you probably have a whole set of issues. One of the more common ones
is frayed insulation because there was no grounding, and the wiring wasn’t made to handle
today’s heavy-duty appliances. There are several other common electrical problems that are not
restricted to old wiring:

--Frequent surges caused by lighting, damaged power lines, or faulty appliances or wiring

--Dips in power supply because of faulty devices (or those made of poor-quality materials)
connected to the power grid

--Light switches that don’t work correctly

--A circuit breaker that trips frequently

--An overloaded circuit breaker

--Shocks
--Lights that are too bright or too dim

--High electrical bills

--Lightbulbs that burn out too often

--“Possessed” recessed lights that go out and then come back on

 CHAPTER THREE

WIRING A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE

Wiring is complex and very different from other aspects of home improvement. Knowing how it
works is of great benefit to you.

However, some localities only approve a licensed electrician for residential house wiring. This is
because of the risks involved in making a simple error. You can do your installation under the
supervision of a licensed electrician to avoid costly mistakes.

As a homeowner, you should know specific basic requirements for home wiring for your
protection, even if you don't plan to do the wiring yourself.

Let's begin with the room-by-room requirements of home wiring.

REQUIREMENTS FOR WIRING VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HOME

Living room, Dining room, and Bedrooms

These standard living areas require a moderate power supply. The living room, dining, and
bedrooms are generally served by 120-volt 15 or 20amp, which can serve more than one room.

Install a wall switch beside the entry door of the room. This switch is to enable you to light the
room easily when you enter it. It will control ceiling fixtures or wall light. A pull chain should
not control your ceiling light; install a switch.

Your dining room requires a separate 20amp circuit for a microwave or window air-conditioner.
All wall sockets must not be more than 12 feet away from one another. If you have any wall
section that is wider than 2cm, install an electrical socket.

BATHROOM
Remember that bathrooms are always wet, so be extremely careful. Bathrooms may need more
than one circuit because of the lights, vent fans, and outlets for hairdryers and other appliances.

A 20-amp circuit is recommended for the outlet sockets in the bathroom. The circuit can be used
to supply the whole bathroom (a single bathroom) if there are no heaters or vent fans with built-
in heaters. You can also use a 20-amp circuit for sockets and another 15amp for the lighting.

If you plan to use a vent fan with a built-in heater, have a separate 20-amp circuit solely for it.
Your sockets should be at least 120 volts for a bathroom and must have ground-fault circuit-
interrupter protection (GFCI).

All light fixtures in the shower area, if not subject to shower spray, must be rated for damp
locations. You may add an extra outlet close to the door for your vacuum cleaner, depending on
the size of the bathroom.

KITCHEN

The kitchen uses more electricity than any other room in a house. A kitchen with standard
appliances requires about seven circuits or more.

Kitchen lighting requires at least one 120/125-volt 15-amp circuit separately. It can power
ceiling fixtures, canister lights, strip light, and under-cabinet lights. A switch must be installed
for each set of light so that you can control lighting easily.

For portable plug-in appliances, install two 20-amp 120volt circuits for sockets in the countertop
areas. Almost all standard kitchen appliances require a circuit dedicated to them. The
dishwasher, garbage disposal, refrigerator, and microwave each require 120-volt circuits.

Install an electric range with a 240volt 50-amp circuit even if you won't need it right away. An
electric range can be a selling point for you if you want to sell the house.

Check the manufacturer's recommendations to confirm the more appropriate circuit for your
dishwasher and garbage disposal between the 15-amp and 20-amp circuits. As for refrigerators
and microwaves, the amperage would be 20-amp. Countertop sockets must not be placed farther
than 6 feet apart.
HALLWAYS

Hallways can be very long, so they need efficient lighting. You have to install enough light to
avoid casting shadows.

If your hallway is 10 feet long, you can use a general outlet. The switches should be installed
three-way so that the ceiling light can be controlled from both ends. Make it four-way if the
hallway serves a bedroom or any other room.

STAIRWAYS

All steps must be adequately lighted; you don't want trips and falls. Just like the hallway, you
need the switches in three-way so that you can put it on or off from both ends. If your stairway
has a turn, ensure that the area is appropriately illuminated.

STEPS TO FOLLOW WHEN WIRING A HOUSE

1. Design a wiring diagram

Your first step is to design a wiring diagram. The diagram will show the locations of the breaker
box and the path each wire will follow to each outlet.

2. Disconnect power

It is hazardous to ignore this step. Don't be too self-confident. Cut off the power supply before
doing any wiring in the home, no matter how little. Switch off the power that leads to your house
meter or call your power supplier to cut it off for that short period.

3. Set up an electrical board

Mount your electrical panel at the spot where power enters your house from the supplier. Use a
screwdriver and hammer to create holes that power leads can pass through.
4. Install conduits

Start from upstairs to the basement. It is easier this way, and you don't need to use a ladder to
push the wire up. Start with the longest cable to avoid wastage. Have at least one foot of extra
wire at each end.

Pass the wires through the drilled hole and fasten the clamps. Then, loosen the lugs on the brass
bus bar. Put the red into one and the black into the other. Tie white cable to the silver bus bar

5. Understand outlets counts properly

You must know all the outlets needed and how many switches will run in a circuit as discussed
above in the requirements for each room.

6. Set up connection

Now, drive a metal ground bar properly into the soil. Then run an eight gauge copper wire from
the board to the shaft. Join the ground clamp and ground bus together on the service board.

7. Add a circuit breaker and electrical box

Your circuit breaker should be placed where it is easily accessible. It can be in the basement or
utility room. Connect each electrical circuit to the service board to form a circuit breaker.

Connect the white wire of each cable to the silver bus bar and the ground wire to the ground bus
bar. The black wire should separate breakers on a paired set.
To avert overloading, design your circuit to cut the length of the cable. Then mount an electrical
box at every location of an outlet, light fitting, or switch.

CHAPTER FOUR

ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

It’s vitally important to take safety precautions when working with electricity. Safety must not be
compromised and some ground rules need to be followed first. The basic guidelines regarding
the safe handling of electricity documented below will help you while working with electricity:

1. Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch or try repairing any
electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands. It increases the conductivity of the electric
current.

2. Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation, or broken plugs.

3. If you are working on any receptacle at your home then always turn off the mains. It is also a
good idea to put up a sign on the service panel so that nobody turns the main switch ON by
accident.

4. Always use insulated tools while working.

5. Electrical hazards include exposed energized parts and unguarded electrical equipment which
may become energized unexpectedly. Such equipment always carries warning signs like “Shock
Risk”. Always be observant of such signs and follow the safety rules established by the electrical
code followed by the country you’re in.

6. Always use appropriate insulated rubber gloves and goggles while working on any branch
circuit or any other electrical circuit.

7. Never try repairing energized equipment. Always check that it is de-energized first by using a
tester. When an electric tester touches a live or hot wire, the bulb inside the tester lights up
showing that an electrical current is flowing through the respective wire. Check all the wires, the
outer metallic covering of the service panel, and any other hanging wires with an electrical tester
before proceeding with your work.

8. Never use an aluminum or steel ladder if you are working on any receptacle at height in your
home. An electrical surge will ground you and the whole electric current will pass through your
body. Use a bamboo, wooden or a fiberglass ladder instead.

9. Know the wire code of your country.

10. Always check all your GFCI’s once a month. A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) is a
RCD (Residual Current Device). They have become very common in modern homes, especially
damp areas like the bathroom and kitchen, as they help avoid electrical shock hazards. It is
designed to disconnect quickly enough to avoid any injury caused by over-current or short circuit
faults.
 CHAPTER FIVE

RECOMMENDATION
The operation of SIWES lies on the proper supervision. Thus, it becomes necessary that
something must be done at the operational level to enhance adequate functioning of the
programme. In line with these findings, the following recommendation area made:
1. ITF should ensure the regular visitation of the ITF officers to Supervising Agencies
Institutions, employers and students on attachment.
2. The log-book issued to students at attachment by institutions must be checked and signed by
the institutions’ and ITF Supervisors responsible during supervision not in their offices at the end
of attachment.
3. All the institutions involved should be organizing orientation courses in collaboration with the
ITF for their students prior to their attachment with the attendance made mandatory for the
students accepted for SIWES and ITF staff.
4. The training department of ITF should be providing adequate information about the biennial
SIWES National Conference on time.

CONCLUSION

The SIWES program has exposed me to a lot of things and challenges. During the program, I

was able to gain more knowledge about the practical aspect of my chosen field; it also allowed

me to develop interest in some divisions in my field. It also allowed me to know what life after

school entails. I was also enlightened on how to cope with challenges, interaction with people,

co-workers and patient(s).