Literature

Literature
Revision 📖
Revision Topics:
● Plot
- Know the structure of a novel, quest story, salty teachers
- Jot down key events for each chapter
- Plot of quest story : Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
[freytag pyramid]

● Characterisation
- Know steal, motivation and behaviour
- Character trait
- Use peel : P point
 e evidence,
e explanation (start with: this shows that...)
l link
Peel is used for Character analysis questions as seen in our previous worksheets.
- When citing evidence from the passage, use ‘quotation marks’
- Types of conflict : man vs man
man vs self
man vs god
man vs society
- Write down 2 - 3 adjectives to describe characters
- State what they did in the novel (actions to support claim)

● Theme
- Statement that talks about the topic
- xA topic is only one word
Eg. love ( topic )
Eg. power of speech, being considerate for others, hardships can make of break
relations ( theme )
- Write down major themes, try to find evidence
- Questions that may be asked : you will be give a thematic statement and will be
asked to give evidence from the passage and vise versa

● Figurative language
1. Hyperbole
 - An outrageous exaggeration used for effect

2. Metaphor
- A direct comparison between two unlike things
Eg. she is a bird

3. Simile
- a direct comparison of 2 unlike things using ‘like’ and ‘as’
Eg. she is as free as a bird / she is like a bird

3. Personification
- Attributing human qualities to objects, animals
- Answer personification questions: to create a visual image for what purpose

How can we explain the effects of these devices?

- Use words such as: To emphasise / To convey / To express / To create a visual image
- Remember to Consider the feeling and emotion conveyed through the device
- When you are asked to quote from passage to identify device, use ‘quotation
marks’
Characterisation notes
The Good guys
Character: iff -sidekick
Character trait: responsible
Explanation: Even though it was Khattam-Shud’s fault that the Ocean was poisoned, Iff
blamed himself for the loss. He believed that all the negative events happened because of
him as he did not guard the Ocean well. He felt very sad and ashamed that he was the
Guardian of the Ocean and did not guard it well as he wept and said ‘It’s our own fault.’
He felt very guilty that he left the stories as He thought that he had left them abandoned
and left them to rot although he just left them.

Character: haroun-protagonist
Character trait: courageous and logical
Explanation: he volunteered himself to investigate the old zone and spy on khattam-
shud. He was willing to risk his life just to go to great measures to save the ocean of
stories. When questioned by General Khitab on why he would volunteer to go on such a
dangerous mission, He was scared as he thought of himself as a “very great fool”. he was
clearly afraid, yet he still decided to put on a brave front, for the sake of saving Kahani.
he had a sense of logic as he was doubtful about things that he could not see. For
instance, at the start of the story, he did not believe Rashid’s stories. he was questioning
the seemingly “illogical” naming of the Dull Lake. He wondered why the dull lake
wasn’t called interesting if it was so beautiful.

Character: Rashid-guardian
Character trait: Patient and intelligent
Explanation: His intelligence can be shown when he was able to understand and
translate the language of the shadow warrior, Mudra, which is one of the oldest/most
ancient language called “abhinaya”. Another way his intelligence can be proven is when
he was able to think quickly on his feet and reassure Prince bolo when he was aggravated,
and he was also able to come up with an excuse to why he had not saved Princess Batcheat
when he saw her getting kidnapped.

Character: butt the hoopoe-sidekick

Character trait: highly logical, dramatic
Explanation:“And is not the power of speech the greatest power of all? Then surely it must
be exercised to the full” by saying that the power of speech is the greatest power of all, we
can conclude that he thinks this way because, with the power of speech, he can voice out
his thoughts to others easily as it is a great form of communication. We can also deduce
that he likes to speak. Due to his claim that this power must be exercised to the full, I can
tell that he enjoys talking immensely as he seems to never tire of talking to others, and
therefore, can make this bold statement.

Character: blabbermouth-romantic interest

Character trait: selfless
Explanation:“will you for pete’s sake look out ?” yelled blabbermouth, rushing forward
and sending prince bolo( and his chair )flying sideways.”the guy’s got a live bomb ! “
blabbermouth plucked the bomb right out of the rising and threw it down the hillside.
Blabbermouth could have died when she took the bomb in her bare hands, but she still did
that action to save prince bolo from the bomb. This shows that she puts others’ well-being
before her own. Blabbermouth also could have exposed her gender as a girl when her
helmet fell off her head as she ran. Despite the risks, she still disposed of the bomb to save
prince bolo’s life.

Character: mali-sidekick
Character trait: resilient and caring
Explanation: ” You can chop a flower-bush, you can chop a tree, you can chop liver, but
you can’t chop me!”he volunteered to traverse into the dense jungle of Chup before the
others in order to clear a path for the rest of his companions. In the land of Chup, he was
also able to withstand the poison in the waters of Chup without complaining or showing
any signs of being hurt by it. Mali is also willing to risk his own safety by volunteering
to venture in the floating dense jungle of Chup first in order to clear a path for Haroun
and his companions, he is very protective of his friends and he is also very willing to
sacrifice his own well-being for them.

Character: Ms oneeta-minor character

Character trait: emotionally vulnerable, resilient
Explanation: “No more Mrs Sengupta for me! From today, call me Miss Oneeta
only!”after which she smacked her forehead violently, and wailed:” O! O! What is to
become?” When Mr Sengupta left her, she was depressed for a very long time. However, in
the end, she finally got over Mr Sengupta, has a job at a chocolate factory and can have as
many chocolates as she wants for free, and even has several admirers.

Character: Mudra
Character trait: Righteous
Explanation: Although he was Khattam-shud’s right hand man at first, He realised that
khattan-shud’s ideals were morally wrong as the text states that he was disgusted by the
fanaticism of the cult of bezaban. He was extremely righteous as he was able to recognise
right from wrong and even helped haroun defeat khattam-shud. He was willing to do the
right thing, unlike the chupwalas, who were controlled by their fear of Khattam-shud.

Character: princess batcheat-romantic interest

Character trait: loving, foolhardy
Explanation: Her songs are always about her undying love for Bolo. however, because she
was willing to visit chattergy’s wall in the twilight strip without guards, we can also
conclude that she is foolish to do such a reckless thing which endangered not only her
life, but the lives of her handmaidens as well.

The Bad guys

Character: Mr buttoo (snooty buttoo)
Character trait: sNOBBISH, disrespectful
Explanation: “Suffering Moses! Do you know to whom you speak? Do I look the bus-driver
type?” One can tell that Mr Buttoo thinks of people like Mr Butt, the Mail Coach driver, as
beneath him due to his last phrase of not being similar to Mr Butt. This last phrase of
sarcasm was insensitive and disrespectful, as if he were ridiculing and mocking Mr Butt,
the Mail Coach driver, for his occupation. Due to his rude tone while speaking to Haroun,
one can also infer that he was very upset by Haroun’s comments which likened him to Mr
Butt, the Mail Coach driver, thus proving that he is very affected by the comments of
others.

Character: khattam-shud-Antagonist
Character trait: ruthless, narrow minded, pessimistic
Explanation: he tries to accomplish his goals by poisoning stories in the Ocean and
plugging in the source of new stories, the Wellspring.He strongly believes that the world
is not for fun but for controlling, thus he would do anything to destroy anything that
prevents him from not not achieving his goal. He does not care about the amount of
harm his doings will bring to the people for all he cares about is controlling Kahani. he
did not care whether the poison had the effect of muting the colours in the story
stream.Khattam-Shud’s actions can prove that he shows no pity or compassion for
others. He hated stories and did not consider the good points of them, eg. they help to
share life lessons, so we would not make the same mistake, give us knowledge and
inspiration.he only thought of their bad points, and wanted to destroy them for that.
( eg. they fantasize about nonsense)he is pessimistic because he does not anything
anything that is not a fact( stories).he said that the world is not for fun, and it is for
ruling. Showing his disregard for fun, further emphasizing his pessimistic personality.

Character: mr sengupta
Character trait: pessimistic and a killjoy
Explanation: the main thing haroun remembers about mr sengupta is his repeated
complaining about rashid’s storytelling. He expresses distaste for fun. He said “all this
fun will come to no good” and “what’s the point of stories that aren’t even true? ”The
fact that he is always critical shows him to be pessimistic. Since he considers all
imagination and fun to be frivolous, he is certainly a killjoy.

Character: Prince Bolo-romantic interest

Character trait: Arrogant, Lovestruck, snobbish
Explanation: prince bolo is the fiance of princess batcheat. When the ocean of stories
were in danger, the guppees were discussing about which should take priority- batcheat or
the ocean. Only prince bolo was not participating in the discussion. To him, bacheat
came first. This shows how foolish he was, only caring about his love. He constantly spoke
in a dramatic flourish and was always willing to start fighting at the smallest of
provocations. For example, (pg 102-104) prince bolo was ready to run iff through with his
sword when he suggested that batcheat went to the twilight strip for love. He counters by
saying “what kind of man are you, that you stay hidden and did nothing to save them
from such a fate”-showing that he considers himself to be more of a “man” who would
have saved them than rashid. The way he acts more superior that others show how snobby he
is.

Thematic statements
Thematic statement:“Only together can we overcome our challenges”
Evidence: When Haroun worked together with his friends and the other Guppees, they
managed to succeed in saving the Ocean and destroying Khattam-Shud. Without the help
of his other companions, Haroun would never have been able to accomplish all this.
-arielle
Thematic statement:” Love is learning how not to be selfish, and how to make someone
else happy.”
Evidence: When Haroun found out that his father, Rashid, had lost his storytelling ability,
he was willing to follow a water genie that he had just met to a land unknown to him,
just so that he could get his father’s storytelling ability back to make him happy as Haroun
loved him. By doing so, he is also sacrificing his safety by travelling to unknown
waters.
-melissa
Thematic statement:
Evidence:

Thematic statement:

Literature
Revision 📖
Revision Topics:
● Plot
- Know the structure of a novel, quest story, salty teachers
- Jot down key events for each chapter
- Plot of quest story : Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
[freytag pyramid]

● Characterisation
- Know steal, motivation and behaviour
- Character trait
- Use peel : P point
e evidence,
e explanation (start with: this shows that...)
l link
Peel is used for Character analysis questions as seen in our previous worksheets.
- When citing evidence from the passage, use ‘quotation marks’
- Types of conflict : man vs man
man vs self
man vs god
man vs society
- Write down 2 - 3 adjectives to describe characters
- State what they did in the novel (actions to support claim)

● Theme
 - Statement that talks about the topic
- xA topic is only one word
Eg. love ( topic )
Eg. power of speech, being considerate for others, hardships can make of break
relations ( theme )
- Write down major themes, try to find evidence
- Questions that may be asked : you will be give a thematic statement and will be
asked to give evidence from the passage and vise versa

● Figurative language
1. Hyperbole
- An outrageous exaggeration used for effect

2. Metaphor
- A direct comparison between two unlike things
Eg. she is a bird

3. Simile
- a direct comparison of 2 unlike things using ‘like’ and ‘as’
Eg. she is as free as a bird / she is like a bird

3. Personification
 - Attributing human qualities to objects, animals
- Answer personification questions: to create a visual image for what purpose

How can we explain the effects of these devices?

- Use words such as: To emphasise / To convey / To express / To create a visual image
- Remember to Consider the feeling and emotion conveyed through the device
- When you are asked to quote from passage to identify device, use ‘quotation
marks’

Characterisation notes
The Good guys
Character: iff -sidekick
Character trait: responsible
Explanation: Even though it was Khattam-Shud’s fault that the Ocean was poisoned, Iff
blamed himself for the loss. He believed that all the negative events happened because of
him as he did not guard the Ocean well. He felt very sad and ashamed that he was the
Guardian of the Ocean and did not guard it well as he wept and said ‘It’s our own fault.’
He felt very guilty that he left the stories as He thought that he had left them abandoned
and left them to rot although he just left them.
Character: haroun-protagonist
Character trait: courageous and logical
Explanation: he volunteered himself to investigate the old zone and spy on khattam-
shud. He was willing to risk his life just to go to great measures to save the ocean of
stories. When questioned by General Khitab on why he would volunteer to go on such a
dangerous mission, He was scared as he thought of himself as a “very great fool”. he was
clearly afraid, yet he still decided to put on a brave front, for the sake of saving Kahani.
he had a sense of logic as he was doubtful about things that he could not see. For
instance, at the start of the story, he did not believe Rashid’s stories. he was questioning
the seemingly “illogical” naming of the Dull Lake. He wondered why the dull lake
wasn’t called interesting if it was so beautiful.

Character: Rashid-guardian
Character trait: Patient and intelligent
Explanation: His intelligence can be shown when he was able to understand and
translate the language of the shadow warrior, Mudra, which is one of the oldest/most
ancient language called “abhinaya”. Another way his intelligence can be proven is when
he was able to think quickly on his feet and reassure Prince bolo when he was aggravated,
and he was also able to come up with an excuse to why he had not saved Princess Batcheat
when he saw her getting kidnapped.

Character: butt the hoopoe-sidekick

Character trait: highly logical, dramatic
Explanation:“And is not the power of speech the greatest power of all? Then surely it must
be exercised to the full” by saying that the power of speech is the greatest power of all, we
can conclude that he thinks this way because, with the power of speech, he can voice out
his thoughts to others easily as it is a great form of communication. We can also deduce
that he likes to speak. Due to his claim that this power must be exercised to the full, I can
tell that he enjoys talking immensely as he seems to never tire of talking to others, and
therefore, can make this bold statement.

Character: blabbermouth-romantic interest

Character trait: selfless
Explanation:“will you for pete’s sake look out ?” yelled blabbermouth, rushing forward
and sending prince bolo( and his chair )flying sideways.”the guy’s got a live bomb ! “
blabbermouth plucked the bomb right out of the rising and threw it down the hillside.
Blabbermouth could have died when she took the bomb in her bare hands, but she still did
that action to save prince bolo from the bomb. This shows that she puts others’ well-being
before her own. Blabbermouth also could have exposed her gender as a girl when her
helmet fell off her head as she ran. Despite the risks, she still disposed of the bomb to save
prince bolo’s life.

Character: mali-sidekick
Character trait: resilient and caring
Explanation: ” You can chop a flower-bush, you can chop a tree, you can chop liver, but
you can’t chop me!”he volunteered to traverse into the dense jungle of Chup before the
others in order to clear a path for the rest of his companions. In the land of Chup, he was
also able to withstand the poison in the waters of Chup without complaining or showing
any signs of being hurt by it. Mali is also willing to risk his own safety by volunteering
to venture in the floating dense jungle of Chup first in order to clear a path for Haroun
and his companions, he is very protective of his friends and he is also very willing to
sacrifice his own well-being for them.

Character: Ms oneeta-minor character

Character trait: emotionally vulnerable, resilient
Explanation: “No more Mrs Sengupta for me! From today, call me Miss Oneeta
only!”after which she smacked her forehead violently, and wailed:” O! O! What is to
become?” When Mr Sengupta left her, she was depressed for a very long time. However, in
the end, she finally got over Mr Sengupta, has a job at a chocolate factory and can have as
many chocolates as she wants for free, and even has several admirers.

Character: Mudra
Character trait: Righteous
Explanation: Although he was Khattam-shud’s right hand man at first, He realised that
khattan-shud’s ideals were morally wrong as the text states that he was disgusted by the
fanaticism of the cult of bezaban. He was extremely righteous as he was able to recognise
right from wrong and even helped haroun defeat khattam-shud. He was willing to do the
right thing, unlike the chupwalas, who were controlled by their fear of Khattam-shud.

Character: princess batcheat-romantic interest

Character trait: loving, foolhardy
Explanation: Her songs are always about her undying love for Bolo. however, because she
was willing to visit chattergy’s wall in the twilight strip without guards, we can also
conclude that she is foolish to do such a reckless thing which endangered not only her
life, but the lives of her handmaidens as well.

The Bad guys

Character: Mr buttoo (snooty buttoo)
Character trait: sNOBBISH, disrespectful
Explanation: “Suffering Moses! Do you know to whom you speak? Do I look the bus-driver
type?” One can tell that Mr Buttoo thinks of people like Mr Butt, the Mail Coach driver, as
beneath him due to his last phrase of not being similar to Mr Butt. This last phrase of
sarcasm was insensitive and disrespectful, as if he were ridiculing and mocking Mr Butt,
the Mail Coach driver, for his occupation. Due to his rude tone while speaking to Haroun,
one can also infer that he was very upset by Haroun’s comments which likened him to Mr
Butt, the Mail Coach driver, thus proving that he is very affected by the comments of
others.

Character: khattam-shud-Antagonist
Character trait: ruthless, narrow minded, pessimistic
Explanation: he tries to accomplish his goals by poisoning stories in the Ocean and
plugging in the source of new stories, the Wellspring.He strongly believes that the world
is not for fun but for controlling, thus he would do anything to destroy anything that
prevents him from not not achieving his goal. He does not care about the amount of
harm his doings will bring to the people for all he cares about is controlling Kahani. he
did not care whether the poison had the effect of muting the colours in the story
stream.Khattam-Shud’s actions can prove that he shows no pity or compassion for
others. He hated stories and did not consider the good points of them, eg. they help to
share life lessons, so we would not make the same mistake, give us knowledge and
inspiration.he only thought of their bad points, and wanted to destroy them for that.
( eg. they fantasize about nonsense)he is pessimistic because he does not anything
anything that is not a fact( stories).he said that the world is not for fun, and it is for
ruling. Showing his disregard for fun, further emphasizing his pessimistic personality.

Character: mr sengupta
Character trait: pessimistic and a killjoy
Explanation: the main thing haroun remembers about mr sengupta is his repeated
complaining about rashid’s storytelling. He expresses distaste for fun. He said “all this
fun will come to no good” and “what’s the point of stories that aren’t even true? ”The
fact that he is always critical shows him to be pessimistic. Since he considers all
imagination and fun to be frivolous, he is certainly a killjoy.

Character: Prince Bolo-romantic interest

Character trait: Arrogant, Lovestruck, snobbish
Explanation: prince bolo is the fiance of princess batcheat. When the ocean of stories
were in danger, the guppees were discussing about which should take priority- batcheat or
the ocean. Only prince bolo was not participating in the discussion. To him, bacheat
came first. This shows how foolish he was, only caring about his love. He constantly spoke
in a dramatic flourish and was always willing to start fighting at the smallest of
provocations. For example, (pg 102-104) prince bolo was ready to run iff through with his
sword when he suggested that batcheat went to the twilight strip for love. He counters by
saying “what kind of man are you, that you stay hidden and did nothing to save them
from such a fate”-showing that he considers himself to be more of a “man” who would
have saved them than rashid. The way he acts more superior that others show how snobby he
is.

Thematic statements
Thematic statement:“Only together can we overcome our challenges”
Evidence: When Haroun worked together with his friends and the other Guppees, they
managed to succeed in saving the Ocean and destroying Khattam-Shud. Without the help
of his other companions, Haroun would never have been able to accomplish all this.

Thematic statement:” Love is learning how not to be selfish, and how to make someone
else happy.”
Evidence: When Haroun found out that his father, Rashid, had lost his storytelling ability,
he was willing to follow a water genie that he had just met to a land unknown to him,
just so that he could get his father’s storytelling ability back to make him happy as Haroun
loved him. By doing so, he is also sacrificing his safety by travelling to unknown
waters.
POETRY
● A stanza is a group of lines arranged together as a unit. It does not have to consist of
only two lines.

● Line breaks control the manner in which readers come upon the ideas by creating
breaks in their flow of reading.

● Eye rhyme is a poetic device where two words are spelled similarly but pronounced
differently.

● End rhyme comes at the end of two successive lines. In the example in Q13, the words
at the end of the successive lines 'go' and 'throw' rhyme.

● Onomatopoeia refers to a word that imitates the sound an object or action makes (e.g.
'the boom of the thunder').

● Alliteration is a literary device where two or more words in a sequence begin with the
same consonant(s). (e.g. Betty Botter bought some butter...').

● A simile compares two things using 'like' or 'as' (e.g. 'she ate like a bird').

● A metaphor is a comparison of two things in which one thing is said to actually be

another. (e.g 'His mood was a black storm').

● Personification is a device where non-human things are described as though they

were human (e.g. 'the sun smiled').

● A hyperbole is an excessive overstatement or exaggeration of fact.

● A symbol is a device where an object, character, animal, place or colour is used to
represent a deeper idea or concept (e.g. white as a symbol of purity in western culture
but a symbol of death and mourning in Asian culture).

● Epic poems are long narrative poems that are centred around a hero on an important
journey.

Pick one or two main choices made by team sig in bringing out message/feel/mood of
poem
Specific evidence of choice
Explain how choices support mood/feeling/message