Intermediate Level Selenium Interview Questions for 2024

30. How to type text in an input box using Selenium?

sendKeys() is the method used to type text in input boxes

Consider the following example -

WebElement email = driver.findElement(By.id(“email”)); - Finds the “email” text using the

ID locator

email.sendKeys(“[email protected]”); - Enters text into the URL field

WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.id(“Password”)); - Finds the “password”

text using the ID locator

password.sendKeys(“abcdefgh123”); - Enters text into the password field

31. How to click on a hyperlink in Selenium?

driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Today’s deals”)).click();

The command finds the element using link text and then clicks on that element, where after
the user would be redirected to the corresponding page.

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Service”)).click();

The above command finds the element based on the substring of the link provided in the
parenthesis and thus partialLinkText() finds the web element.

32. How to scroll down a page using JavaScript?

scrollBy() method is used to scroll down the webpage

General syntax:

executeScript("window.scrollBy(x-pixels,y-pixels)");

First, create a JavaScript object

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

Launch the desired application

driver.get(“https://www.amazon.com”);

Scroll down to the desired location

js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,1000)");

The window is not scrolled vertically by 1000 pixels

33. How to assert the title of a webpage?

Get the title of the webpage and store in a variable

String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();

Type in the expected title

String expectedTitle = “abcdefgh";

Verify if both of them are equal

if(actualTitle.equalsIgnoreCase(expectedTitle))

System.out.println("Title Matched");
 else

System.out.println("Title didn't match");

Alternatively,

Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);

34. How to mouse hover over a web element?

Actions class utility is used to hover over a web element in Selenium WebDriver

Instantiate Actions class.

Actions action = new Actions(driver);

In this scenario, we hover over search box of a website

actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("id of the searchbox"))).perform();

35. How to retrieve CSS properties of an element?

getCssValue() method is used to retrieve CSS properties of any web element

General Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“name of css attribute”);

Example:

driver.findElement(By.id(“email“)).getCssValue(“font-size”);

36. What is POM (Page Object Model)?

Every webpage of the application has a corresponding page class that is responsible for
locating the web elements and performing actions on them. Page Object Model is a design
pattern that helps create object repositories for the web elements. POM improves code
reusability and readability. Multiple test cases can be run on the object repository.

37. Can Captcha be automated?

No, Selenium cannot automate Captcha. Well, the whole concept of Captcha is to ensure that
bots and automated programs don’t access sensitive information - which is why, Selenium
cannot automate it. The automation test engineer has to manually type the captcha while
other fields can be filled automatically.

38. How does Selenium handle Windows-based pop-ups?

Selenium was designed to handle web applications. Windows-based features are not natively
supported by Selenium. However, third-party tools like AutoIT, Robot, etc can be integrated
with Selenium to handle pop-ups and other Windows-based features.

39. How to take screenshots in WebDriver?

TakeScreenshot interface can be used to take screenshots in WebDriver.

getScreenshotAs() method can be used to save the screenshot

File scrFile = ((TakeScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(outputType.FILE);

40. Why do testers choose Selenium over QTP?

Selenium is an open-source and free automation testing tool, while QTP is a licensed tool that
requires a considerable investment. Selenium supports multiple programming languages and
is cross-platform compatible.

41. What are the data-driven framework and keyword-driven

framework?

A data-driven framework is a test automation framework that separates the test data from the
test script. It allows testers to write automated tests in a way that is independent of the test
data.

42. What is the difference between getwindowhandles() and

getwindowhandle()?

getwindowhandle() method returns the unique identifier of the current browser window,
while getwindowhandles() method returns a set of unique identifiers of all the browser
windows opened by WebDriver.

43. What is a Selenium Maven project?

A Selenium Maven project is a software project that uses Maven to manage the project's
dependencies and build process.

44. What is an Object Repository?

An Object Repository is a centralized location where testers can store all the web elements,
such as buttons, text boxes, and links, used in the test automation framework.

45. What is exactly meant by a WebElement in Selenium, and

how is it used?
The WebElement is an interface in Selenium which is used to represent an HTML element on
a web page. It provides methods to interact with the web elements, such as clicking, entering
text, and getting the value. It is used to identify and manipulate the web elements in the
automation testing process.

Advanced Level Selenium Interview Questions for 2024

46. Is there a way to type in a textbox without using

sendKeys()?

Yes! Text can be entered into a textbox using JavaScriptExecutor

JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

jse.executeScript("document.getElementById(‘email').value=“[email protected]”);

47. How to select a value from a dropdown in Selenium

WebDriver?

Select class in WebDriver is used for selecting and deselecting options in a dropdown.

The objects of Select type can be initialized by passing the dropdown webElement as a
parameter to its constructor.

WebElement testDrop = driver.findElement(By.id("testingDropdown"));

Select dropdown = new Select(testDrop);

WebDriver offers three ways to select from a dropdown:

selectByIndex: Selection based on index starting from 0

dropdown.selectByIndex(5);
selectByValue: Selection based on value

dropdown.selectByValue(“Books”);

selectByVisibleText: Selection of option that displays text matching the given argument

dropdown.selectByVisibleText(“The Alchemist”);

What does the switchTo() command do?

switchTo() command is used to switch between windows, frames or pop-ups within the
application. Every window instantiated by the WebDriver is given a unique alphanumeric
value called “Window Handle”.

Get the window handle of the window you wish to switch to

String handle= driver.getWindowHandle();

Switch to the desired window

driver.switchTo().window(handle);

Alternatively

for(String handle= driver.getWindowHandles())

{ driver.switchTo().window(handle); }

49. How to upload a file in Selenium WebDriver?

You can achieve this by using sendkeys() or Robot class method. Locate the text box and set
the file path using sendkeys() and click on submit button

Locate the browse button

 WebElement browse =driver.findElement(By.id("uploadfile"));

Pass the path of the file to be uploaded using sendKeys method

browse.sendKeys("D:\\SeleniumInterview\\UploadFile.txt");

50. How to set browser window size in Selenium?

The window size can be maximized, set or resized

To maximize the window

driver.manage().window().maximize();

To set the window size

Dimension d = new Dimension(400,600);

driver.manage().window().setSize(d);

Alternatively,

The window size can be reset using JavaScriptExecutor

((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("window.resizeTo(1024, 768)");

51. When do we use findElement() and findElements()?

findElement() is used to access any single element on the web page. It returns the object of
the first matching element of the specified locator.

General syntax:

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(example));

findElements() is used to find all the elements in the current web page matching the specified
locator value. All the matching elements would be fetched and stored in the list of Web
elements.

General syntax:

List <WebElement> elementList = driver.findElements(By.id(example));

52. What is a pause on an exception in Selenium IDE?

The user can use this feature to handle exceptions by clicking the pause icon on the top right
corner of the IDE. When the script finds an exception it pauses at that particular statement
and enters a debug mode. The entire test case does not fail and hence the user can rectify the
error immediately.

53. How to login to any site if it is showing an Authentication

Pop-Up for Username and Password?
To handle authentication pop-ups, verify its appearance and then handle them using an
explicit wait command.

Use the explicit wait command

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

Alert class is used to verify the alert

Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

Once verified, provide the credentials

alert.authenticateUsing(new UserAndPassword(<username>, <password>));

54. What is the difference between single and double slash in

Xpath?

Single slash is used to create Xpath with an absolute path i.e. the XPath would be created to
start selection from the start node.

/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a
Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the XPath would be created to start
selection from anywhere within the document

//div[class="qa-logo"]/a

How do you find broken links in Selenium WebDriver?

When we use driver.get() method to navigate to a URL, it will respond with a status of 200-
OK

200 – OK denotes that the link is working and it has been obtained. If any other status is
obtained, then it is an indication that the link is broken.

Some of the HTTP status codes are :

 200 – valid Link

 404 – Link Not Found

 400 – Bad Request

 401 – Unauthorized

 500 – Internal error

As a starter, obtain the links from the web application, and then individually get their status.

Navigate to the interested webpage for e.g. www.amazon.com

Collect all the links from the webpage. All the links are associated with the Tag ‘a‘

List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

Create a list of type WebElement to store all the Link elements in it.

for(int i=0; i<links.size(); i++) {

WebElement element = links.get(i);

 String url=element.getAttribute("href");

verifyLink(url); }

Now Create a Connection using URL object( i.e ., link)

URL link = new URL(urlLink);

Connect using Connect Method

HttpURLConnection httpConn =(HttpURLConnection)link.openConnection();

Use getResponseCode () to get response code

if(httpConn.getResponseCode()!== 200)

Through exception, if any error occurred

System.out.println(“Broken Link”);

With that we have come to the end of the article Seleinium interview questions.

56. Name some of the commonly used automation testing

tools that are used for functional automation.

QTP, Test Complete, RFT, and Silk Test.

57. Name some of the commonly used automation testing

tools that are used for non-functional automation.

 LoadRunner

 JMeter

 WebLoad
  Neoload

 Silk Performer

 HP Performance Center

 Gatling

 Apache

58. List out some of the automation tools which could be

integrated with Selenium to achieve continuous testing.

Some of the automation tools which could be integrated with Selenium to achieve continuous
testing are:

 Jenkins

 Travis CI

 CircleCI

 AWS CodePipeline

 Azure DevOps

 Bitbucket Pipelines

59. What do you mean by the assertion in Selenium?

An assertion is a method of testing whether a particular condition is true or false. In

Selenium, assertions are used to verify the state of elements on a page or the results of an
action. Assertions can be used to check for the presence or absence of an element, the value
of an element, or the text of an element. Assertions can also be used to check that an element
is visible or hidden.

Assertions are an important part of testing with Selenium, as they enable you to verify that
the state of your application meets your expectations. Without assertions, it would be difficult
to know whether or not your tests are actually passing or failing.
60. Explain the difference between assert and verify
commands.

The assert command is used to check if the given condition is true or not. If the condition is
true, then the execution of the program will continue. If the condition is false, then the
execution of the program will stop.

The verify command is used to check if the given condition is true or not. If the condition is
true, then the execution of the program will continue. If the condition is false, then the
execution of the program will not stop, but an error message will be displayed.

61. What do you mean by XPath?

XPath is a language for addressing parts of an XML document. XSLT and other XML-related
technologies use it to access data within XML documents. XPath can be used to navigate
through elements and attributes in an XML document. XPath is a major element in the XSLT
standard and is crucial for processing XML documents.

62. Explain XPath Absolute and XPath attributes.

XPath has two main types of expressions: absolute and relative. Absolute expressions always
start with a forward slash (/), which indicates the root element of the document. Relative
expressions do not start with a forward slash, and are relative to the current context.

Attributes are another important part of XPath. Attributes are added to elements and can
contain valuable information about that element. In order to access an attribute, you must use
the at sign (@) followed by the attribute name.

63. What is the difference between "/" and "//" in XPath?

The difference between "/" and "//" in XPath is that "/" is used to select an element based on
its absolute location, while "//" is used to select an element based on its relative location.

For example, if you want to select the first <p> element on a page, you would use "/p". If you
want to select all <p> elements on a page, regardless of their location, you would use "//p".
What are the WebDriver supported Mobile Testing Drivers?

There are four main WebDriver-supported mobile testing drivers: AndroidDriver,

IPhoneDriver, RemoteWebDriver, and Selendroid.

1. AndroidDriver is used to test Android applications. It can be used on real devices

or emulators.

2. IPhoneDriver is used to test iOS applications. It can only be used on real devices.

3. RemoteWebDriver is used to test web applications on mobile devices. It can be

used with a variety of browsers, including Safari, Chrome, and Firefox.

4. Selendroid is used to test Android applications. It can be used on real devices or

emulators.

65. What is the difference between type keys and type

commands?

There is a difference between type keys and type commands in computer programming. Type
keys are specific characters that you type on the keyboard, while type commands are
instructions given to the computer.

66. What is the difference between "type" and "typeAndWait"

command?

The "type" command is used to enter text into a field on a web page. The "typeAndWait"
command also enters text into a field, but it waits for the page to load before proceeding to
the next command. This can be useful if you are unsure whether or not the text you entered
will cause the page to refresh.

The main difference between the "type" and "typeAndWait" command is that the "type"
command does not wait for the page to reload, while the "typeAndWait" command does. If
you are unsure whether or not the text you are entering will cause the page to refresh, it is
best to use the "typeAndWait" command. This way, you can be sure that the next command
will not be executed until the page has finished loading.
67. What is the main disadvantage of implicit wait?

The main disadvantage of implicit wait is that it can slow down your tests. This is because,
by default, the implicit wait time is set to zero. As such, if an element is not found
immediately, your test will keep trying to find it for the duration of the implicit wait time.
This can add a significant amount of time to your test suite. Another disadvantage of implicit
wait is that it can cause your tests to fail if the element you are waiting for takes longer to
appear than the implicit wait time. Finally, implicit wait can make your tests less reliable
because they can introduce flakiness.

68. How can we launch different browsers in Selenium

WebDriver?

We can launch different browsers in Selenium WebDriver using several methods. For
example, we can use the setWebDriver() method to specify the path to the browser's
executable file. Alternatively, we can use the addCustomProfilePreference() method to add a
custom profile preference for the browser. Finally, we can use the launchBrowser() method to
launch the browser.

69. Write a code snippet to launch Firefox browser in

WebDriver.

public class FirefoxDriver {

private WebDriver driver;

public FirefoxDriver() {

this.driver = new FirefoxDriver();

public void get(String url) {

this.driver.get(url);
}

Assuming that you have already downloaded and installed Firefox, the next thing you need to
do is write a code snippet to launch Firefox browser in WebDriver. The code snippet for
launching Firefox browser is given below:

driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://www.google.com");

70. Write a code snippet to launch Chrome browser in

WebDriver.

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);

String url = "https://www.google.com";

driver.get(url);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("Google"));

System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());

driver.quit();

This code snippet will launch the Chrome browser, navigate to Google.com, and then print
the page title to the console.

71. Write a code snippet to launch Internet Explorer browser

in WebDriver.

To launch Internet Explorer browser in WebDriver, you can use the following code snippet:
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

driver.get("http://www.google.com");

This will launch the Internet Explorer browser and navigate to the Google homepage.

How do you perform drag and drop operations in WebDriver?

When using WebDriver, you can perform drag and drop operations using the Actions class.
This class has a number of methods that can be used to perform various actions, such as
clicking, dragging, and dropping. In order to use the Actions class, you first need to
instantiate it with a WebDriver instance:

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

Once you have an Actions instance, you can use the dragAndDrop() method to perform a
drag and drop operation. This method takes two WebElements as arguments: the element
toDrag, and the element toDrop. For example, to drag an element with the id "draggable" and
drop it on an element with the id "droppable", you would do the following:

WebElement draggable = driver.findElement(By.id("draggable"));

WebElement droppable = driver.findElement(By.id("droppable"));

actions.dragAndDrop(draggable, droppable).perform();

You can also use the clickAndHold() and release() methods to perform a drag and drop
operation. The clickAndHold() method takes a WebElement as an argument and "grabs" it,
while the release() method releases the element. For example:

actions.clickAndHold(draggable).release(droppable).perform();

You can also chain together multiple Actions methods to create more complex interactions.
For example, the following code will first move to the draggable element, then click and hold
it, move to the droppable element, and finally release it:
actions.moveToElement(draggable).clickAndHold().moveToElement(droppable).release().pe
rform();

73. What are the different methods to refresh a web page in

WebDriver?

There are a couple of ways to refresh a web page in WebDriver. The most common method is
to use the "Refresh" button in the browser toolbar. Alternatively, you can also use the
keyboard shortcut for refresh, which is typically F5. Finally, you can also right-click on the
page and select "Refresh" from the context menu. All of these methods will cause the page to
reload and any changes that have been made will be lost.

If you want to refresh the page without losing any changes, you can use the "Reload" button
in the browser toolbar. This will reload the page from the server without losing any changes
that have been made. Alternatively, you can also use the keyboard shortcut for reload, which
is typically Shift+F5. Finally, you can also right-click on the page and select "Reload" from
the context menu. All of these methods will cause the page to reload without losing any
changes that have been made.

74. How to invoke an application in WebDriver?

When using WebDriver, you can launch applications by either calling the "get" method on
the driver instance, or by using the "navigate" method. Applications can also be invoked
using a third-party tool such as Selenium IDE. However, doing so requires that you have the
URL of the application to be launched beforehand. When using the "get" method, you simply
need to pass in the URL of the application as a string.

75. What are the benefits of automation testing?

Automation testing can be a great way to speed up the software testing process. By
automating certain tests, you can save time and resources that would otherwise be spent on
manual testing. Additionally, automation can help to improve the accuracy of your tests, as
well as provide detailed reports that can help you to identify any areas that need further
attention. Overall, automation testing can be a valuable tool for any software development
team.
Is there an HtmlUnitDriver for .NET?

Yes.

77. How can you redirect browsing from a browser through

some proxy?

There are a few ways to redirect browsing from a browser through some proxy. One way is to
use a web proxy. Web proxies can be used to access websites that may be blocked by your
network administrator. Another way to redirect browsing is to use a Virtual Private Network
(VPN). VPNs can be used to encrypt your traffic and route it through a proxy server. Finally,
you can use a browser extension to redirect your traffic. Browser extensions are useful if you
want to bypass proxy servers that are configured in your network settings.

78. Explain the pause feature in Selenium IDE.

The pause feature in Selenium IDE allows the tester to add a pause between the execution of
two commands. It is used to slow down the test execution to allow for better observation of
the test execution flow.

79. How do you handle a frame in WebDriver?

To handle a frame in WebDriver, we use the switchTo() method.

80. Mention the types of listeners in TestNG

TestNG supports three types of listeners:

 Test listeners: It listens to the test execution and allows us to perform actions
before or after a test case is executed.

 Suite listeners: It listens to the suite execution and allows us to perform actions
before or after the suite is executed.

 Method listeners: It listens to the execution of individual test methods and allows
us to perform actions before or after a test method is executed.
81. Mention important details of different types of
frameworks and also regarding the connection of Selenium
with Robot Framework

Different sets of frameworks are available which can be used with Selenium:

 Data-Driven Framework: It uses external data sources such as CSV or Excel files
to drive the test execution.

 Keyword-Driven Framework: It uses specific keywords to execute test cases.

 Hybrid Framework: It is a combination of both Data-Driven and Keyword-Driven

frameworks.

Selenium can be connected with Robot Framework using the Selenium2Library. The
Selenium2Library is a Robot Framework test library that allows us to control web browsers
using Selenium WebDriver.

82. Mention details of the basic steps of Selenium testing and

also mention which are the widely used commands via a
practical application.

The basic steps of Selenium testing are:

 Launch a web browser

 Navigate to a web page

 Locate web elements

 Perform actions on web elements

 Verify the results

Some widely used Selenium commands are:

 get() method: to launch the web page

 findElement() method: to locate the web element

  click() method: to click on the web element

 sendKeys() method: to enter text into the web element

 getText() method: to retrieve the text from the web element

83. What are exactly Jenkins and mention the advantages of

using it with Selenium?

These are servers to automate the software development process. Using Jenkins with
Selenium provides the following benefits:

 Automatic triggering of Selenium tests when code changes are committed to the
repository.

 Parallel execution of Selenium tests on multiple machines to reduce the execution

time.

 Integration with other tools such as JIRA, GitHub, and Slack to provide
notifications and status updates.

Selenium Tricky Interview Questions

84. Explain the methods used to handle dynamic web

elements using Selenium?

Dynamic web elements can be handled using different methods such as xpath, CSS selectors,
and the Explicit wait mechanism in Selenium. You can use these methods to locate the
dynamic elements and perform actions on them.

85. How do you deal with stale element exceptions in

Selenium?
Stale element exceptions occur when the element you are interacting with is no longer
attached to the DOM or has been modified. To handle this exception, you can refresh the
page or try to locate the element again using a different locator strategy.

86. How do you simulate a browser back button click in

Selenium?

You can simulate the browser back button click in Selenium using the navigate().back()
method. This method will navigate back to the previous page in the browser history.

87. How do you handle alerts in Selenium?

Alerts can be handled using the Alert interface in Selenium. You can switch to the alert using
the switchTo().alert() method and perform actions such as accepting or dismissing the alert
using the accept() or dismiss() methods.

Selenium MCQ Questions

88. Which of the following is the correct syntax for locating

an element using CSS selectors in Selenium?

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#element_id")

89. Which of the following is NOT a type of wait mechanism

available in Selenium?

Thread.sleep()

90. Which of the following methods is used to clear the text in

a text field using Selenium?

element.clear()
91. Which of the following methods is used to maximize the
browser window in Selenium?

driver.maximize_window()