FRA G M EN T S

EM PEDO C LES

T R A N SL AT E D I N T O E N G L I SH VE R SE

W I L L IA M E L L E R Y L EO N A R D , PH .D .

EN G L ISH D E PA R T M E N T .U N I VE R SH Y
’
OF W ISC O N SIN

C HI C AGO

T HE O PE N C O U R T P U B L I SH I N G CO M PA N Y
L ON D ON AGE N TS

R E G AN PAU L , T R E N C H , T R fi BN E R 4: c o ., L TD .

1 908
 E mp ed ocles
Wh om tha t three cowered is le of a ll th e lan ds
-

B or e on h er coas ts which, th oug h for m u ch s h e s eem

T h e m ig h ty an d t h e won d ro us is le, h a th n e er
’

P oss ess ed within h er oug h t o f m ore ren own ,

N or aug h t m ore h oly, won d erfu l, an d d ea r
T h an th is tru e m a n . N a ev er s o far a n d p ure
T h e lofty m usic of his b reas t divin e
L ifts up its voice an d tells of g lories foun d
That sc arce h e s eems o f hu m a n s t ock crea te.

CO PYR I G H T B Y

T H E OPEN COU R T PU BL I SH I N G CO.

1 90 8
 D ED I C A T IO N .

( T o W .R .N .)

In m y la st wint er b y A tl anti s ea s c ,

H w ft e wh e t h e l g d y ta sk w t h r u gh
’
o o n, n on a s as o ,

I fo un d i , i ght s f fr i e d l i ess w ith y

n n o n n
'

o u,

T h e q u i et c r er f t h e s ch l a r s ea s e ;
’
o n o o

W hi l e y u exp l r ed th e O r phic l it urg i es

o o ,

ld Pythag r a s m ys ti O e d T wo
’
D r o o c n an ,

O h ea rt e ed m e w ith P l at s l a rg er vi ew
’
r n o ,

O t h e w rld epi c f Em p edoc l es :

r o -
o

I t co st l ittl e; b ut su ch thi g s a s th es e
yo u n ,

W he mn g es i l d f ll wi g hi s s ta r
an o n an , o o n

Wh e m n g es i l d wh er e t h e s t r a g ers
an o n an n a re

Bu i ld h im h us e f g dly m em ri es
a o o oo o

S tak e thi s b k i t k e
o oo d r ej i e
n o n , an o c

That I m r i h er hav ing h ea rd y u voi ce.

a c o r

W . E. L .
M AD I SON . W x s. D ec. 1 90 6. ,
 PR E FA C E .

HI S tran slat ion was m ad e at th e sugges i on of m y

t
f ri en d , D r. W . R . N ewb o l d , Pro f essor o f G reek Ph i
los0 p h y at t h e U n i versity o f Pen n sy lvan ia, in t h e h op e o f
interesti ng h ere and th ere a stud ent o f tho ugh t o r a l over
of p o e r t y T h e introd uction an d n otes a re i nten d ed m erely
.
t o i ll u strate t h e tex t : th ey touch o n l y i n ci d en tall y o n t h e
dox o g rap hica l m at eri al an d gi ve t h u s b y n o m ean s a com
t i t i o w t ’

p le t e a c co u n o f a ll is p os s b l e t o k n a b o u E m p ed o cle s s

p h i l o s o p h y . M y i n d eb t ed n e s s t o t h e c r i t i cs is f req u e n t l y
att ested in t h e ref eren ces ; b ut I h ave in all p o i nt s tri ed t o

ex erci se an i n d ep en d en t j u d gm ent . M o st c i t ati on s f ro m

wo rk s n ot accessib l e in En gl i sh are gi ven in tran sl at i on .

It is a genu i n e p l easu re t o ack n owl ed ge m y sp eci al ob l i
g at i o n s t o P ro f ess o r N ewb o l d an d t o Pro f esso r E . B . M c

G ilvary o f th e p h i l o sop h ical d ep art m ent at W i scon si n f or

t h ei r k i n d n ess in r ea d i n g th e m an u scri p t an d add in e v e l
g s ra

val u ab l e suggest i on s . I am i n d eb ted t o D r. .R .Bl ack m an

J
o f th e d ep art m ent o f
p h y s io l ogy at th e U niversity of W is
con si n fo r m ed i cal ref erences .

W I L L IA M EL L ER Y L EO N A RD .
M A D I SO N , WIS M ay I 4, 1 9 7.
0
 TAB L E OF CON T EN T S .

E M PEDOCL ES : T H E M A N , TH E P H ILO SOPH ER , TH E POET .

W o rk s.
Hi st ry of th e T ext.
o

T ra sl ati s
n on .

T h e I d ea s of Em p e do l e s . c

T h e P et ry of E mp e do l e s .
o c

BI BL I OG R A PH Y.

O N N A TU RE.
To hi s F ri e d. n

L i m itati s of Kn wl edg e
on o .

Ex N ihi l ihi l.
o N

P
T h e len um .
O ur E l em e t s I m m t l
n or a .

L ove an d Hat e t h e E verl a s ti g .

: n

The C o s m i P r c ess .
c o

L ov e an d Hat e in the O g i W ld. r an c or

F m the E l em e t s is A ll W e See.
ro n

Si m i l ia Si m i l ib s u .

A n A l gy .
na o

The Sp ec u l ati v e T hi k er. n

A n Aph r i sm .
o

The L w of the E lem e t s .

a n

Th e S ph er e.
Ph y si a l A na l og i e s .
c

S im i l ia Si m i l ib s u

The W ld as I t or N o w I s.
E a rth an d A i r n ot I ll i m itab l e .
viii THE FRA G M E N T S O F EM PED OCLES .
Sun an d M oon.
The D ark lin g N g i ht .
Wi d n an d R ain .

Fire.

A i r.
T hi g s Pa ss i g S t r a g e
n n n .

S tra g e C reat ures of O l de T i m es .

n n

The Pr c ess of H m G e erati T

o u an n on ,
o -
day.
O A ni m a l s an d Pl a t s .
u n

O u Eyes .
r

Si m i l ia Si m i l ib . us

T h e Bl k R i ver B tt m s .
ac o o

Bloo d an d Flesh .
The R ushing Bloo d an d th e Clep y d
s ra.

On the Psychic L i fe.

D om in ion.

T m : PU R IF IC A TI ON S.
The H eal er an d Proph et .
E xpiati an d M etem p sych s i s.
on o

T hi s E rth of O urs .
a

T hi s Sk y R f ed W ld .
-
oo or

T hi s V a l e of T ea rs
The Cha g i g F m . n n or s

The G l d e A geo n .

Th se D y .
o a s

The D i v i e. n

A n im a l Sacri fice.

Sin.
Th e P r g ress i of Reb i rth .
o on

L a s t E ch es of S g H lf L st.
o a on a o
EM P E D O C L E S : T HE M A N T HE P H I L O S ,

O PH E R T HE P OET .
,

L I FE.

H E ph i losoph er Emp edo c les a cc ord i ng t o t h e

,

c omm on t i adit ion of a n tiqu ity wa s b or n at

'

A g rig en t um i n S i c i ly a nd fl ou rish ed j us t before

,

th e P elop onnes ia n w ar th e c on t emp or a ry of th e

,

g re at A th en ians a bou t P er i c les . H e m i ght h a ve

h e a rd th e P rom eth eus i n th e th e at re of D io nysus
a n d h a ve ta lke d w ith Eur ipid es i n th e Agora ; or
h a ve seen With P h i d ia s th e br i ght P a ll as Ath ene on
th e A c rop ol i s ; or h a ve l i s t ene d i n th e groves beyond
th e city Whi le Anax a goras unfolde d t o h i m th ose
h a lf s pi r itu a l guesses at th e n ature of th e un i verse
-

so d i ff eren t fro m h i s o wn . H e m i gh t : bu t th e de
tai ls of h i s l i fe a re a ll t oo i mp erfec t ly re c or d e d . T h e
b r i ef referen c es i n o th er phi losoph ers a n d th e vita
of Di ogenes L aert iu s c on tai n mu ch th at i s c on t r a
d ict ory or legen da ry . T h ough appa ren t ly of a
we a l th y a n d c onserv at i ve family h e t ook t h e l e a d
,

a mong hi s f e l l o w ci t i z ens a g ai ns t t h e en c ro ach

m en t s of t h e a r i s t o c r a cy ; bu t a s i t seems fa l l in g
, ,

a t l a s t fro m p op ul ar fav o r h e l ef t A g rig entum

,

an d di e d i n th e P elo p onnesus—hi s fa m ous le ap in t o

M oun t Ae tn a be i ng a s myt hic a l a s hi s reput e d

2 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .

t r ansl ati on a ft er a sacrifi cia l me a 1 .. But ti me

res tores th e exi l es : Floren c e at l a s t set th e i m a ge
of Da n t e be f ore th e gat es of S a n ta C ro c e ; and
n o w a f t er t wo th ous a nd ye ars t h e h ardy demo
, ,

cr a t s of A g r ig en t u m b eg i n t o ch er i s h ( so I ha ve

re a d ) th e h on es t memory of Emp edo cles With that

of M azzin i a nd Ga r ib a ldi .

PE R S O N AL IT Y.
T h e p erson a l ity o f thi s old M ed it err ane a n Greek
mus t ha ve be en i mp ress i ve . H e w a s no t onl y th e
s tat esm a n a nd p hi losop h er bu t th e p o et . A nd ego ,

1
t ist ic mel a nch o ly elo qu en t sou l th at h e w as h e
, , ,

seems t o ha ve c ons i d er ed hi ms el f above a ll a s th e

wonder W or k er and t h ehi erop han t i n p ur p le V es t
-

a nd golden gi rdle ,

“
C ro wn ed b th w ith fi
o llet s an d w ith fl owering wreath s ; ”

a nd h e t ells a s of hi s t r i ump ha l p a ss age th rough th e

S ici l ia n citi es h ow th rongs o f hi s m en an d w omen
,

acc omp an i ed hi m a l ong th e road h o w fro m h ouse ,

'
a nd a lley th ous a nds o f th e f ea r f ul a nd th e s ick
c rowded up on hi m a nd besought or acl es or h e a l i ng
words . And s tor i es hav e c ome do wn t o u s o f hi s
wonder f ul de eds a s t h e w ak i ng o f a wom a n fro m a
,

l ong t r an c e a nd th e qu it e p l aus ibl e cure o f a m ad

m a n by mus ic . S ome t r ac es o f thi s i mp os ing fi g u re ,

w ith el emen t s frank ly dra wn from l egends no t h ere

men ti oned app e a r i n Ar no l d s p oem . ’

F m Em p ed cl es i d eed acc rd i g t Ar i s t t l e th e s tu dy f
l
ro
rh et ric g t its fit i m p u l s e C f D i el s s G g i
o , n , o n o o , o
d E m p ed le i
’
o o rs . . or os a n oc s n
Sitzuh g s b erich te d.K .P .A k adem ze d . Wiss en s ch af ten,
'

1 884.
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 3

W O R K S.

i
t
Of th e m a ny w ork s i mp u t ed t o Empedo cles b y ,

a n tiqu ity p r e su m ably o nly t w o a re genu ine th e .

p oems O h N a ture a nd th e P u rifi

, ,

ca tiom ; a nd of
th ese we p ossess bu t th e fr a gmen t s p reserved i n th e
citati ons o f phi losop h er a nd doxogr a p h er from Ar
ist ot le t o S i mp l ici us Which th ough bu t a s m a ll pa r t
, ,

of th e Wh ole a re mu ch more numerous a nd c o m

,

p reh ens i ve tha n th ose of e ith er X enopha nes or Pa r

men i des . It i s i mp oss ible t o de t erm i ne Wh en th e
p oems were los t : th ey were re a d doub t less by L u

c en tury by S i mp l ici us wh o at le a s t quo t es from t h e

,

2
O h N a tur e at leng th .

H I ST O R Y O F T H E T EX T.
T h e fr a gmen t s were i mp erfe ct ly c olle ct ed l at e i n
th e R en ai ss a n c e as f a r a s I ha ve been able t o det er
m i ne fi
,

,rst by th e gre at G erm a n K yl a nder Wh o ,

t r a nsl at ed th em i n t o Lati n . S t ep hanus p ubl i s h ed

h i s E m p edoclis F r ag m en t a at Pa r i s i n 1 5 73 . Bu t
'

no t ti ll th e n i net een th c en tury d i d th ey ge t th e a t

t en ti on th ey d eserve 1 n th e ed iti ons of S tur z ( 1 80 5 )
,

K a rs t en S tein a nd M ull ach

which s h ow h owever c onfus i ng d i vers iti es i n th e
, ,

re a d i ngs a s well as m th e gener a l a rr a ngemen t .

’
E ach exc ept S t e i n s i s acc ompan i e d by Lati n t r a ns
1" '
l he writi g s
n of D em o c r it us a e c j ect ured to hav e b ee l s t
fi cent ur i es.
r on n o
be twee n t h e thi rd an d f th
4 THE FRAG MEN T S OF EMPE DOC LES .
3
l ati on a nd no t es . But our bes t t ext i s un ques ti on
a bly that of H erm ann Di els of Berl i n fi r st p ub ,

lish ed i n 1 90 1 i n hi s P oeta m m P h ilos op h orum

F r ag m en ta a nd subse quen tly
,
w ith a f ew
sl i ght changes a nd a dd iti ons 1 n his F rag m en te der
.
,
’

Vors ok ra tzk er.

TR A N S L AT I O N S .

As s ai d a bove th ere a re sever a l t r ansl ati ons i nt o

,

Lati n ; a ll that I have seen be ing i n p rose a nd som e ,

r ath er loose for th e work o f d i s ti ngu i s h ed s ch ol a rs .

T h e l at e P . T annery g ives a l it er a l F ren ch t r a ns
l ati on i n hi s work on H ellen ic S ci en c e Di els i n hi s ,

F rag m en t e one i n Germ an Bod rero i n hi s I l P rin,

cip ia one i n Ita l ia n a nd Burne t a nd F ai rb a nk s i n

,

th e i r works on e a rly Greek p hi losop hy l it er a l Eng

l i s h t r ansl ati ons of Which th e form er s i s th e bett er .
,
’

Th ere i s one i n Germ an h exa m et ers f rom t h e ea r

l i er de ca des of th e l a s t c en tury ; a nd a f ew br i ef
selecti ons i n th e Engl i s h h ex a m et ers of W C .L aw
’
t on m ay be found i n W a rner s L ib r ary of t h e
W or ld s B es t L itera ture. T h e w ork s o f Frere and
’

of Sym on ds c on tai n sp e ci m en render i ngs th e f orm ,

er s i n verse th e l att er s i n p rose . P rob ably Di els

’
,
’

does mos t j us tic e t o th e me an i ng of Emp edoc les ;

none a ssuredly does a ny k ind o f j us tic e t o hi s p oe t ry.
T H E I D EA S O F EM PED O CL E S.
We ca n re c ons t ru ct some thi ng o f Em p edocles s ’

syst em ou t of th e fr a gmen t s th emselves a nd out of

‘
I ha ve t s ee th e ri g i al f St ed iti ; b t I g th er
’
no n o n o urz s on o a
fr m refere ces i m y rea d ing that t c ta i s t ra s lat ion.
o n n I on n a n
 THE FRA G M E N T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 5

th e a l lu s i ons i n t h e a n ci en t s ; y e t o u r knowl edg e i s

by no me a ns p re c i se a nd even from th e e a rl i es t
,

ti mes h a s th ere been d i vers ity of i n t erp retati on .

V a r i ous p roblems a re d i s c ussed as t h ey c ome up , ,

i n th e N o t es bu t a br i ef survey of wh at seems t o be
,

hi s th ought as a w h ole even at th e r i sk of some ,

rep e titi on m ay h el p th e gener a l re a der t o g e t hi s

,

be a r i ngs .
Th e ph i losop hy of th e O n N a ture m ay be c on
sid ered as a un i on of th e E le atic do ct r i ne of Be i ng

w ith th at of th e H er a c l iti c Be c om i ng a lbe it th e ,

S ici l ia n i s more th e n atur a l s ci en ti s t th a n th e d ia

l ect ician more th e Sp en c er tha n t h e H egel of h i s
,

ti mes . W ith Pa rmen i des h e den i es th at th e a ugh t

c a n c ome from or re t urn t o th e n a ugh t ; w it h H er a

c l itus h e affi rm s th e p r i n ci p le of develo p men t .T h ere

i s no re a l c reat i on or a nn i h i l ati on i n th i s un i vers a l

round of thing s ; b ut a n e t ern a l m i xing a nd unm i x
i ng due t o t wo et ern a l p owers Love a nd H at e of
, , ,

one world s t u ft i n i t s sum un a l t er able a nd e t ern a l .

-

T h ere i s some th i ng i n th e c on c epti on sugges ti ve of

th e ch em i s t ry of l at er ti mes . To th e w at er of
T ha les th e a i r of An a x i menes a n d th e fi
, r e of ,

Her ac l itus h e a dd s e a r th a nd de c l a res th em a s a l l

,

a l ike p r i meva l th e p rom i s e a nd th e p o t en cy of th e

,

un i verse ,

“
T h e f ourfold root of all th ings .
h ese a re th e c el eb rat ed fou r el em ent s of l at er l

soph y a nd m agic . I n th e beginn ing i f we ,

ma y so s p e a k of a v i s i on wh ich seems t o t r a ns c en d
6 THE FRAG MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

ti me th ese four h eld toge th er by th e un iti ng bond

, ,

of Love res t ed e ach sep a r at ed a nd unm i xed bes i de

, , ,

one a no th er i n th e s hap e of a p erfe ct s p h ere w hich ,

by th e en t r an c e o f H at e w a s gradua lly brok en u p

t o develop at l a s t i n t o th e world and th e indi v i du a l
th ings ,

K it i ll f rm s d w d erful t ee
n n a o an on o s .

Bu t th e c omp l et e m a s t ery o f H at e m ea ns th e c om ,

p let e d i ss i p ati on a nd des t ru cti on o f t h i ngs a s su ch ,

un ti l Love w inn i ng th e upp er hand begins toun it e

, ,

and form a no th er world of l i fe a nd be aut y w hich ,

ends i n th e s ti ll a nd l i feless s p h ere of o l d a gain ,

exu lta t i surr u d i g s l itude.

n n o n n o

Wh ereup on i n th e s a me way new w orld p er i ods

, ,
-

a r i se a nd i n c on tinu a l i n t er change follo w one a n

,

o th er forever l ik e th e se cul a r aeons of th e nebul a r

,

—
hyp oth es i s of t o d ay .
M oreover Emp edo cles t ells u s o f a mys t er i ous
,

vor t ex th e or igi n o f which h e ma y ha ve exp l ai ned

,

i n some los t p or ti on o f hi s p oem a whi rl i ng m a ss , ,

l ike th e n ebul a i n O r i on or th e or i gi n a l of our sol a r

sys t em that seems t o be th e fi
,
r st s ta ge i n th e world

p ro c ess a f t er th e moti onl ess ha rmony o f th e s p h ere .

O u t of thi s ca me t h e el emen t s one by one : fi r s t ai r , ,

which c ond ens ing or thick en ing en comp a ss ed th e

, ,

res t i n th e form of a globe o r a s some m ain tain of

a n egg ; th en fi
, ,

r e w hich t ook th e u pp er s p ac e a nd
, ,

c row d ed ai r beneath h er . And th us a rose t wo

“

h em i sp h eres t ogeth er f orm i ng th e h ollo w v a ul t of

,

th e t erres t r ia l h e a ven above a nd belo w u s th e ,

 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 7

b r i ght en ti rely of fi r e th e da rk o f ai r s p r inkled

With t h e p atch es o f fi
, ,

r e we c a ll s ta rs . And be ca use ,

i n uns table e qu i l ibr i um or be ca us e be a r i ng s ti ll

,

some thi ng of th e sw i f t mo ti on of th e vor t ex or b e

c ause o f fi
,

r e s i n t r i ns ic p us h a nd p ressure
’
— for Em
’

p e d o cle s s ph ys ic s a re h ere p a r tic ul a rly obs c ure

th i s v a ul t begi ns t o revolve : a nd beh old th e morn
ing a nd th e even i ng of th e fi r st d ay ; for thi s revo

lut ion of th e v a ul t i s h e t ells u s t h e c a use of da y

, ,

an d n i g ht .
O u t of th e o th er elemen t s ca me th e e a r th p rob ,

ably some thing w a rm a nd s l imy w ith ou t form a nd

5
,

vo i d . It t oo wa s i nvolved i n th e w hi rl of thi ngs ;

th e s a me for c e w hich exp els th e w at er from a
e w h en s w ung round a nd round i n a b o y s
’
,

h a nd Worked w ithi n h er a nd th e mo i s t s p ur t e d
for th a nd it s ev a p or ati on fi
, ,

lled th e under s pac es of

”

ai r an d th e d ry l a nd a pp ea red . And th e ev erla st

,

ing La w m a de t wo gre at l i ght s for s i gn s a nd se a ,

sons a nd f or d ays a nd ye ars th e gre at er l i ght t o

, ,

rule th e day an d th e lesser l i ght t o rule th e n i ght ;

,

and it m a de th e s ta rs a l so .
T h e develo p m en t of org a n ic l i fe in w hic h t h e ,

in teres t of Emp edo cles ch iefl y c en t ers t ook p l ac e , ,

a s we ha ve seen i n th e p er i od of th e con flict o f Love

, .

an d H at e th rough th e un c e a s i ng m i x i ng a nd se pa
,

r ati on of th e four elemen t s . F u rth erm o re th e ,

qu an titati ve d i ff eren c es o f th e c om b i n at i ons p ro

du ced qu a l itati v e d i ff eren c e s of sens ible p ro p er ti es .
Fi rs t th e p l a n t s c on c e i v ed a s endowed w ith feel i ng
, ,

s p r a ng up germ in ati ons ou t of e a r th . T h en a n i

,
8 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES .

—
m a l s a rose pi ec eme a l h e t ells i n one p a ss age us

h e a ds ar m s eyes ro a m ing gha s t ly th rough s pa c e

, , , ,

th e chan c e un i ons of whi c h resul t ed in gro t es que

s ha p es un ti l j o ined i n fi t number a nd p rop or ti on ,

th ey develop ed i n to th e orga n i sms we see abou t u s.

I n a noth er p a ss a ge we h e a r h ow fi rst rose mere

l ump s of e a r th
with ru de im p ress ,
”

but hei s p r ob ab ly sp e ak i ng of two s epa r at e p er i ods

of c re ati on . Emp edoc les w a s a c rude evoluti on i s t . 4

H i s th eory o f th e att r acti on of l ik e for li k e so

sugges ti ve of th e ch em i c a l a ffi
,

n it ies of modern s ci

en c e ; hi s th eory of p er c ep ti on th e e a rl i es t re c og ,

n it ion w ith th e p oss i ble exc e p ti on of Al c maon o f

,

C ro t on of th e sub j e cti ve elemen t i n ma n s ex p eri ’

en c e w ith th e out er world ; a nd hi s affi

,

rm a t ion of

th e c ons ci ousness of m att er i n c omp any w ith so ,

m any l at er m at er ia l i s t s even down t o H a e ckel wh o

, ,

pu t s th e soul i n th e at om a re p er ha p s for our p ur

fi
, , ,

p oses suf cien t ly exp l ai ned i n th e no t es .

Behi nd a ll th e absurd iti es of th e sys t em of Em
p e d oc les we re c ogn
, iz e th e keen observ ati on in ,

s i gh t a nd gener a l izing p ower of a p rofound m ind

, ,

which i n our d ay w ith our resour c es of kno wledge

, ,

w ould ha ve be en i n th e forefron t of th e world s seek ’

ers a ft er th at Re a l ity which even th e l a s t a nd th e

gre at es t seek w ith a su c c ess t oo h umble t o w a rr a n t
mu ch sm i l i ng at th ose gone before .
Som e p orti on s of th e above pa rag raph s a re r sl ated
t an an d con
de ed fr m Zel l er s m e th ers fr m V
ns o , o o o o rlan der, G es chicht e der
Phil s p hie I . Ba d L eip s ic 1 90 3
o o , n , , .
IO TH E FR AG MEN T S OF E MPEDOCLE S.

An d i t i s a s i f h e were a ddress ing th e A grig en

t ine a n d beque athing hi m h i s s p i r itu a l h er ita ge ;
and we m i gh t a dd th eret o th ose verses of anoth er
p oe t of more f a m i l ia r ti mes :

An d th ou s ha l t wr it e s n g l ik e m in e
“
a o d yet , an

M uch m o re than mine tho u a rt m ore than I .

, as

F or a l th ou gh Emp edo c les h a s lef t u s no p as

,
’
s a ge of th e gorgeous i m a gi n ati on of P a rm en ides s
,

p roem th e im roe 7 a i y e qSép ovo w, hi s fr a gmen t s a s

6 ’

a wh ole seem mu ch more wor th whi le .

H e w a s t rue p oe t . T h ere i s fi rst th e gr a ndeur

of hi s c on c epti on . It s un t ru th for th e i n t elle ct of ‘

t o day s h ould no t b l i nd u s t o it s t ru th a nd p ower

-

for th e i ma gi n ati on th e s a me yes t erd ay t o d a y and

, ,
-

p er h ap s forever . T h e Ptolem aic a s t ronomy of P ar

a dis e L os t i s as re a l t o th e s tuden t of M i l t on as th e

Cop ern ica n t o th e s tuden t of Lap l ac e a nd a n essen ,

tia l elemen t i n th e p oem . T h e n i ne ci r c les of th e

sub t err a ne a n Abyss lose none of th e i r imp ress i ve
ness for u s be ca use we know more of geology than
th e a uth or of th e I nfem o T h e i m a gin ati on can
glory i n th e c ross of C h r i s t t ow er i ng over th e ,

wre cks 0f ti me l ong a ft er th e i n t ellec t h a s settle d

,

w ith t h e dogm as of or th odoxy. And a n i de a m ay

be i mp os i ng even for th e i n t ellec t w h ere th e i n t el
le ct repud iat es it s v a l i d ity. A s tu p endous error
l ike th e H egel ia n log ic of hi s t ory even th e p seudo ,
’
s c i enc e of Goeth e s ver t ebr a l th eory of th e skull ,

th at ye t sugges t s th e gr e at p r in cip le of m orp h olog

‘
D i els F V A rn ol d ha s b rrow ed fr m it n e f th e b es t l in es
, o o o o
o f E m p ed le
oc A et
s on na :
Y e u bo rn V i rg in s ! n t h e r a d f t ru th .
“
s n -
o o o
 THE FR A G ME N T S OF EM PEDO C L E S . I I

ic a l a n d fun c t i on a l meta mor ph os i s a r gu es g re at er ,

th ings for th e m i n d of m a n th an any t ru th h owever ,

ingen i ously d i s c overe d i n th e worl d of p e tty f a c t s .

,

A n d th e res p onse of t h e soul i s a p oe ti c res p onse ,

th e th r i ll a nd th e en th us ia sm before th e l a rge i de a .
’
O ur p oe t s c on c epti on i s i mp ress i ve t o i m a g i n ati on
a nd t o i n t elle ct : we s ta nd w ith h im a m id t h e a wful
s i len c e of th e p r i mev a l S ph ere th at ye t exul t s i n
surround ing sol itude ; bu t ou t of th e d a rkness a nd
th e a byss th ere c omes a sound : one by one do qu ake
th e l imb s of God ; th e p owers of l i fe a n d de ath a re
at work ; L ove a nd H at e c on t end i n th e b os om of
n at ure a s i n th e b oso m of m a n we swee p on i n fi re

a n d r a i n a n d d own th e
awful h eight s f A i ;
“
o r
”

am id th e mons t rous s h ap es th e ar m s th e h e a ds th e
, , ,

gl a r i ng eyes i n s pa c e a nd at l a s t we a re i n th e
, ,

h ab itable world th i s sha ggy e a r th th i s sky roofe d

, ,
-

c a ve of th e fru it ful v i ne a nd ol i ve of th e mul ti ,

tudin ou s t r i bes of h ai ry be a s t s a nd of men a n d

—
,

women a ll won d erful t o see ; for Emp edo c les i s

,

s t r ik i ngly c on c re t e . Bu t th e aeons of ch ange never

end ; a nd th e revolu t i on a s we h a ve seen c omes full
, ,

c i r c le forever .
’
T h ere i s t oo th e l a r ge p oe t s feel i ng for th e c olor ,

th e movemen t th e mys t ery th e l i fe of th e worl d

, ,

abou t u s : for th e w i de glow of blue h e a ven for t h e ,

r ai n s t re a m i ng d own on th e moun tai n t rees for th e ,

w i n d s t orm r iding i n from o c e a n for

-

N i ght th e l ely with h e s i ght l ess eyes ”

“
, on , r ,
12 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDO CLES .

for th e l i on c ou ch ed on th e moun tai n s i de th e d i ver ,

b i rd sk i mm ing th e w aves w ith it s w i ngs and ,

Th e s on g el ss sh als o of spawn i ng fih
s
”

that a re
“
no uri sh ed in d eep w aters ”

a n d le d i t m a y b e by Ap h rod it e .
, ,

T h ere i s th e p oe t s rel ati on t o hi s ki nd .th e

’
sym

pathy With
d w m e t h e piti ed d b ewai l ed
“ ”
me n an o n, an ,

wh o a ft er th e i r l ittle s ha re of l i fe w ith br i efes t

f at es
L ik e s m k e e l i ft ed u p d fl it w y ;
“
o ar an a a

th e in t eres t and th e j oy i n th e acti v iti es of m an

h ow now one l i ght s hi s l an t er n a nd s a ll i es f or th i n
th e w i n t ry n i ght ; h ow no w a noth er m i xes hi s p ain t s
i n th e sunl i ght for a v a r i egat ed picture of t rees
an d b i rds which i s t o a dorn th e t emp le ; h ow now -

a l ittle g i rl down by th e brook

, ,

Pl y w ith w t e l k f g l eam i g br ”
a s a a e rc oc o n onz .

T h ere i s th e p oet s i ns tin ct f o r t h e e ff ecti ve

’

ph r a se which sugges t s so mu ch be ca use it t ells so

, ,

l ittle ; an aus t ere s i mp l icity which rel at es t h e a uth or,

by achi evemen t t o that b es t p er i od o f Gr eek a r t t o

wh ich h e belonged by b i r th ; and a roll o f r hyth m
as i mp a ss i oned a nd sonorous a s w a s ever h e a rd on
Ita l ian so i l th ough that so i l w a s th e b i r th p l ac e of
,
-

Luc reti us . Bu t I am th e t r a nsl at or no t th e c r iti c , ,

of th e p oe t .
 B I B L IO G R AP H Y .

BODRERO in hi s Il P rin cip io fon dam en ta le d el s is t em a di E m p ed ocle

1

( R om e cit ed
, 90 4 ;
1 a s Bo drero ) g iv es a v a lu able b ibl iog
“ ”

ra p hy al s t exhaustive f th e s t udy f ou phi los ph er

, mo or o r o ,

s av e f t h e surp ri s i g m i ss i o f th e w rk f Bur et. B

or n o n o o o n o

dre i s p resu m ably k w

to d acc ess i bl e t t h e s p ecia l s t u
no n an o

d e t ; f t h e g e era l rea der th e f l l w i g w i ll p erhap s b e

n or n o o n

fou d uffiie t
, ,

n s c n :

KEW EL L . G eek P hil p hy N ew Y rk 90 7.

S ource Book in r os o , o , 1

( C tai ns pa rtia l p r e t r a s l ati

on bu t a m e t ha d a fter
os n on , c o n

th e p res e t v lu m e w a s i p r ess .)
n o n

BU R N ET , E ar ly G reek P hilos op hy, L on d on , 1 892. ( K een an d i de

n

pe d e t. C ited
n n as

FAIRBA N K S ,
T h e F irs t Ph ilos op h ers o G ee e N ew Y ork 898
f r c , , 1 .

( Co ntai n s t ra sl ati s
n on of th e d x graphers
o o Em p ed c l es .) on o

GO M PERZ , G reek T hin k ers, vol. t ra s . by L a ur i e M ag us N ew

I ., n n ,

Y r o k , 1 90 1 . ( Be a u ti fu l ly wr itte i spi r i g ; bu t s m ewhat

n, n n o

fa ci ful. C ited a s
n

SYM ON D S S tu dies o f th e G r eek P oets , vol. I .

, chap . V I I L do
, on n,

1 893 . ( G oo e o n, d c r itical app r ciati w ith s m e p r s e t la

o o ra n s

tio s.) n

TA N N ER Y, P ou r l hzs t oire de la
’ ’

s cien ce h ellé n e, P ari s , 1 887. ( K een

an d i d ep e de t. C it ed a s
n n n

WI N DEL BA N D , H is t ory o f A n cien t Ph ilos op hy, t ra s . by n H. E. C ush

m an , N ew Y rko , 1 899 .

1
Thi s b k s eem s t m e r em a rk able f it sch ol a rship n d
oo o as or s a
ac um e f
n as t h e s p eci us ess
or f i t s v ew . I wr t e t P r fess r
o n o 1 s o o o o
D i el s ab u t it wh a swer ed h w ev er that h e ha d
o , o n t y et f u d , o , no as o n
t m e t ex am i e it .
i o n
I4 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

P
ZELLER, D ie h ilosop hie d er G ie he I .T eil
r c n, , A uflage, L e p i
sic, 1 892. ( e C it d a s Zell er.
“

An d th e a b v e m e ti ed t ex t s f
o n on o

D IEL S
, P oetam m P h ilos op h oru m F rag m en ta, Be n , rl i 190 1 . ( on nC tai s
c
th e om m ents of .th e o og e d x raph rs
in t h e G reek , an d a f ew,
bu t very us eful , o r ig inal tes i
no n t
L a in. C ited as “
D i els,
”
P PR )
l

Frag m en te der Vors ok ra tik er, z weite A flag e erster

u , Ban d ,

rl i ( Cont ai n s G erm an t r an sl ati on. C ited D i els

“
Be n, 1 90 6. as ,

F
 O N N A T U R E.

T o H is Friend.
I.

win,
’
) 83 Khiiflc, 8a f¢p ovo g A yx 1?rov i
’
II a vO '
a 0 1
-
v e.

H e a r th ou Pau s a n i a s son of w i se
, ,
A n chitu s !

L im itations f Knowledge.
o

2.

A I
wanro z w w
I
a ka ou.K a r a. u m Ke
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I I I I
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-

ova t p e c va s .
a
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c Ka n voi o
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wewflem es , 87 0 1 1.qrp oa ex vp a ev gKG O T O Q
’
3 8 11 611 0 11
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ev e a c ev eu v
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wheov eBp o rein “ n s 8p wp ev.

’
1 7 6 150 6 a b
‘

F or n arrow th r ough th e i r m emb e rs sc attere d wa y s

O f know i ng l i e . And m any a v i le sur p r i se
Blun t s soul a nd keen des i re . And h a v i ng v i ewe d
T h e i r l itt le s ha re of l i fe w ith b r i efes t f at es , ,

Li ke smoke t h ey a re l i ft ed u p a n d Hit a w a y ,

Bel i ev i n g only wh at e a ch ch a n c es ou ,
1 6 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

H ith er a nd th ith er dr i ven ; ye t th ey bo a s t

T h e la rg en vision of th e wh ole a nd a ll .
Bu t th usw i se never sha ll th ese thi ngs be seen ,

N ever be h e a rd by men nor se iz ed by m i nd ,

And th ou s i n c e hith er now w ith dr a wn a p a r t

, ,

—
Sh a l t le a rn no more th a n mor ta l k en m a y sp an .

3.

y i
a f e o a ou.(
'

fi p evb s 3 01 0 1 7 0 9 6 30 01 .

S h el t er th ese te achings i n thine own mut e brea st .

4.
a A
fl a.06 0 1.7 a m [L G1
x I 9 Ie I
a.
p p 1.
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fi
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ex 8 60
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'

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p y
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’

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7 1 77 6 fl a
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I I I I y A
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pa o
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m m
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Bu t turn th e i r m a dness Gods ! from t ongue of m i ne , ,

—
And dr ai n th rough h oly l ip s th e w ell s p r ing cle a r !
And m a ny— w ooed O w hit e a rmed M ai den M use ,
- -

T h ee I a pp ro ach : 0 dr i ve a nd send t o me
M eek Pi ety s well re i ned cha r i ot of song
’
-

,
1 8 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CL ES .

7 '
a
y evn7 a .

Th e un c re at e d elemen t s .

Birth an d D eath .

8.
' ' '
60 t 8 386 11 69 é wdwwv
’
6 7 0 1.e em (
p M o m
s 01

91m7 63v , 386 7 1 9 wh op 9a vai7 0 1 0 0 1 6 1 1 7 773

’ ’
01 o z evov 7
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’
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d cm .7 0 1 9 0 v0 § m
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M ore w i ll I t ell th ee t oo : th ere i s no b i r th

O f a ll thi ngs mor ta l nor end i n ru i nous de ath ; ,

Bu t m ingl ing only and in t er change of m i xed

T h ere i s a nd b i r th i s bu t it s n a me w ith men .
,

o i.8 37 6
’
K a 7 a1.
‘
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Bu t wh en in m a n w i ld b ea s t or b i rd or bush , , , ,

T h ese element s comm i ngl e a nd a rr i ve

“
T h e re a lms o f l i ght th e th oughtless de em it b i r th ,

W h en th ey d i sp a r t ti s doo m o f de ath and th oug ,

’ “

N o t thi s th e La w I t oo a ssen t t o use . ,

I
0a va 7 0 v
3 I
a hm
mv.

Aveng ing D e ath .

 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 1 9
’

nih ilo m hzl.

’

Ex

I I.

I I I I I
8o k cx 0 ¢p 0 veg p pm
3
vnm ov ou
I y p
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87
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3

y I I hk C I
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’
lF ools !for t h e i r th ough t s a re b riefly brooded o er .
”Wh o t rus t th at w hat i s no t ca n e er b e c ome ’
,

O r a ugh t t h at i s ca n w h oll y d i e a w a y .

'
a 81ip .7 6 11 6 0 00 1 .
’
616 76
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”
60
3\
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a
y p 7 1 71 y 6 0 7 01 1 , 0 1 71 1
7 .10 5 7 1 9 a ev i ép GLSnL .

—
F rom Wh at i s no t w h at i s ca n ne er be c ome ;
- -
’

—
So t h at w hat i s s h ould e er be a ll des t roye d
’
,

N o for c e could c o mp ass a nd no e a r h ath h e a r d

’ ’
F or th ere t w i ll be forever w h ere ti s se t .

T h e P len um .

1 3.
I I
8 71 6 1.0 v86
a

.
3
WGPLO O O V.
' '
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T h e All h ath ne i th er V o i d nor O yerfl ow.

1 4.

A '
8 386 11
3
506 1! 81!
’
7 0 v 71 0111 7 0 9 01 K6 V6 6v °
711 0 7 1 K 61 7 671 00 1 ;

Bu t w ith th e A 11 th ere i s no V o i d so wh en c e ,

C oul d a ugh t of more c ome n igh ?

 20 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .

O u r E lem en ts I m m or ta l.

1 5.
3 4 9 A I

¢ 7 0 1 01v7 0 .0 0
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N o w i s e m an dre a ms su ch folly in h is h e a r t ,

T hat only whi ls t we l i v e w hat men ca ll l i f e

W e ha ve our b ei ng an d tak e our good an d i ll ,

And e r e as mor ta ls we c omp act ed b é ,

And w h en as mor ta ls we be loosed a p a r t ,

W e ar e as nothing.

L ove an d H a te, t h e E verlas ting.

1 6.
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For even as Love an d H at e were s t rong o f yore ,

T h ey s ha ll ha ve th ei r h ere a f t er n or I thi nk
S ha ll endless Age be emp ti ed of th ese T w ain .

T h e C os m ic P rocess.

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 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 21

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11 rep or t a twofold t ru th . N ow g rows

O ne from M a ny i n t o be i ng n o w ,
T wo f old th e b i r th twofold th e de ath o f thi ngs
,

F o r now th e meeti ng of th e M a ny br i ngs

, ,

To b i r th and death and now w hat ever grew

, ,

F rom out th e i r sunder ing fl i es a p a r t a nd d i es .

,

An d thi s long i n t er change s ha ll never end .

W hi les in t o O ne do a ll th rough Love un it e ;
Whi l es t oo th e s a me a re ren t th rough hat e of S t r i f e.
And i n so fa r a s i s th e O ne s ti ll w on t
To grow from M an y a nd th e M any again
, , ,

Sp r ing from p r i mev a l s catt er i ng of t h e O ne ,

So f a r have th ey a b i r th a nd mor t a l d at e
And i n so fa r a s th e long in t er change
Ends not so f a r forever es tabl i sh ed gods
,

Around th e ci r cle of th e world th ey m ov e .

Bu t c ome ! but h e a r my words ! F or knowledge
gain ed
M akes s t rong thy soul . For a s before I s p ake ,

N am i ng th e utt er go a l of th ese my words ,

I w i ll r ep or t a tw o f old t ruth . N ow grows

T h e O ne f rom M any i nt o be ing now ,

Even f rom th e O n e d i sp a r ting come th e M any ,

Fi r e W at er E a r th and a wf ul h ei ght s o f A i r ;
, ,

And sh ut f rom th em a p a r t th e de a dly S t r i f e

,

I n e qu i p o i se and Love w ithin th e i r m i ds t

,

I n a ll h er be ing i n length a nd bre a dth th e sa me .

Beh old h er no w w ith m ind and s it no t th ere
,

W ith eyes a s t on i s h ed for ti s s h e i nborn

,
’

Ab i des establ i sh ed in th e l imb s of men .

Th rough h er th ey ch er i sh th ought s of love th rough,

h er
 THE FR A G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 23

th e works of c on c ord c a ll i ng h er ,

e D el i ght or Aph rod it e c le a r .

sp eeds revolv i ng i n th e elemen t s ,

th i s no mor ta l m a n h ath ever le a rned

r th ou th e undelus i ve c ourse of p roof :
se elemen t s o wn e qu a l s t rengt h
e qu a l or i g i n ; e ach rules it s ta sk ;
un t o e ac h it s p r i m a l mode a n d e a ch
ai l ing c on quers w ith revolv i ng ti me .
more tha n th ese th ere i s no b i r th nor en d ;
h ey w a s t ed ever a n d evermore ,

no longer a nd th e gre at All were th en

,

p len i s h ed a nd fr om w hat f a r c o a s t ?
h ow bes id es m i ght th ey t o ru i n c ome
, , ,

e noth i ng l i ves that em pty i s of th em

th ese a re a ll a nd as th ey c ours e a long
, ,

h one a no th er , now thi s now th at i s born ,

so forever d own Et ern i ty.

( 13 01 67 1 77 11 .

m -
c l a sping L ovin g n ess . -

L ove an d H a te in the O rg an ic World.

20 .
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24 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

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The world w i de w a rf a re of the et ern a l Two-

Well in the m ass o f huma n l imb s i s s h own :

W hi les in t o one do th ey th rough Love un ite
'

,
’
And mor ta l m embers tak e the body s form ,

And l i f e doth flow er at the p r i me ; an d Whi les ,

Again d i ssevered b y t he H at es p erverse ,

T h ey wa nder far an d w i de an d up a n d down

—
The sur f s w ep t be ach es an d dre a r sh ores of l i fe .
So too w ith thick e t t ree a n d g leam m g fi sh , ,

H oused in the c rysta l w a lls o f w at ers w i de

And so w ith be a s t s that c ou ch on moun tai n slop es ,

And wat er fowls th at sk im the long blue se a . -

F r om th e E lem en ts is A ll We See.

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26 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .
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For amber S un an d Ea r th a n d H e a ven a n d Sea

I s fr i endly w ith it s ev ery p a r t that s p r i ngs ,

F ar dr iven a n d s catt er ed in the mor ta l world ,

So too th ose thi ngs that ar e mos t ap t to m ix

Ar e l ik e an d lov e b y Ap h rod it e s h es t .
,
’

B ut h os ti le ch iefly ar e th os e thi ngs w hich mos t

From one anoth er difi ‘
er bo th in b i r th , ,

And in th ei r m i xing an d th ei r molded f orms

U nw on t to m i ngle m i s er able a n d lone , ,

Aft er the c ounsels of th e i r f ath er H at e . ,

C1 1
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 TH E F RA GM EN T S OF EM P ED OCLES . 27

—
An d even a s a r ti s t s men wh o know th e i r c r a f t
—
T h rough w it s of cunn i ng pai n t w ith s t re a k a n d
h ue
Br i gh t t em p Ie ta ble t s a nd w i ll se iz e i n h and
-

T h e oo zy p o i sons pi ed a nd red a nd go l d
( M i x i ng ha rmon i ous now more , now le ss ) , ,

From which th ey f a s hi on forms i nnumer able ,

And l ik e t o a ll th i ngs p eo p l i ng a fres h world

,

W ith t rees and men a n d women be a s t s a nd b i r d s

And fi
, , ,

sh es nour i s h ed i n dee p w at ers a ye , ,

—
And long l i ved go d s i n h onors ex c ellen t
J us t so a nd le t no gu i le de c e i ve t h y bre a s t ) ,

Even so th e s p r i ng of mor ta l thi ngs le a s t w i se ,

O f a ll th e h os t born v i s i ble t o m a n .
0 gu a rd th i s knowledge well for th ou ha s t h e a r d ,

I n th i s my son g th e Go ddess a nd h er ta le .

T h e Sp ecu la tive Thin k er.

24.

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To j o i n t ogeth er d i verse p e a ks of t h ough t ,

And no t c omp let e one ro a d that ha s no turn .

'

A n A p h orzs m .

25 .

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W h at mus t be s ai d m ay well be s aid t w ic e o er .

,
’
28 TH E FRAG MEN T S OF EM P ED OCLES .
T h e L aw o f t h e E lem en ts.

26 .

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I n turn th ey c on quer as th e cy c les roll ,

An d wane th e one to oth er s ti ll an d wax ,

The one t o oth er in turn b y olden F at e ;

For th ese ar e a ll an d as th ey c ourse a long , ,

T h rough one anoth er th ey b ec ome bo th men ,

An d multitud inous t r ib es of hai ry be a s t s

Whi l es in f ai r ord er th rough Love un it ed a ll ,

W hi l es ren t a sund er b y th e hat e of S t r i f e ,

T ill th ey w h en grown i nt o th e O ne a n d A 11
,

O nc e more on c e mor e go under an d su ccumb .

,

An d in so far as is th e One s ti ll won t

T o grow from t h e M any a n d th e M any a gain , , ,

Sp r ing f rom p r i meva l s catt er ing of th e O ne ,

So far ha ve th ey a b i r th an d mor ta l d at e .
An d in so far as thi s long in t er change
Ends not so far f orever es tabl i s h ed gods
,

Around th e ci r cle of th e world th ey move .

 TH E FRA G ME NT S OF EM PEDO C L ES. 29

T h e Sp h ere.

27 .

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Th ere v i ews o ne no t th e sw i f t l i mbs of th e Sun ,

N or th ere th e s t reng th of s ha ggy E a r th n or S e a ; ,

Bu t in th e s t rong re c ess of H a rmony

E s ta bl i s h ed fi
,

rm a b i des th e rounde d S p h ere ,

Exul ta n t in surroun d in g sol i tud e .

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The Sph ere o n every side th e boundless s a me ,

E xul tan t in surround i ng sol it ude .

29 .

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F or from it s b a ck th ere sw i n g n o br a n ch in g arms ,

It hath n o fee t n or knees a ler t n or form ,

3 0 TH E FRA GMEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

O i l i fe p roducing member
- — o n a ll s i des ,

A sph ere it w as a n d l ike un t o it self . ,

30 .
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Y et a ft er m ighty S t r i f e h ad w a xen gre at

W ithi n th e m emb ers of th e Sp h ere an d rose ,

To he r o wn h onors as th e ti mes a rr i ved ,

W hich un t o e ach in turn to S tr i fe t o Love , , ,

S h ould c ome b y a mp les t o ath a n d o l d de c ree .

31.
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For one by one did qu ak e th e l i mbs of

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P ys ica l A n a log zes.
'

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The j o in t b inds t wo .
33
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But as wh en renne t of th e fi g
—
t ree j u ic e
C urdle s t h e whit e m ilk a n d w ill b i nd it f a s t . ,

30 961 7 0 1/ 1380 7 1
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C ementing mea l w ith wat er .

 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDO C LE S . 3 1

T h e C on q ues t o f L ove.
35 0

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Bu t h urry i ng b ack I n o w w i ll m ake ret urn ,

T o path s of f es ta l song l ai d down before , ,

D r ai n ing e ach fl owing th ought from fl owin g

th ough t .
W h en down the V or t ex t o t he l a s t abyss
H a d foundered H at e a n d L ov i ngness h ad re ach e d ,

T h e eddyi ng c en t er of th e M a ss beh old

“

Around h er i n t o O neness g ath ered a ll .

Y et no t a sudden bu t o nl y as w i ll i ngly
-

Ea ch from it s sever a l regi on j o i ned wit h e ach ;

3 2 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

An d from th e i r m i ngl ing th en c e a re p oure d abro a d

Th e mul titud inous t r ibes of mor ta l things .
Y et mu ch unm i xed a mong th e m i xed rem ai ned ,

As much a s H at e s ti ll h eld i n s ca les a lo f t .

For not a ll bl a meless d i d H at e y i eld and s ta nd
O ut yonder on th e ci r cl e s u tmos t bounds ; ’

But p a rtwise ye t w ithi n h e s tayed p a rt wise ,

W a s h e a lre a dy from th e members gone .

And ever th e more sku lk ed a w a y and fled ,

Th en ever th e more a nd ne a rer i nw a rd p ressed

, ,

Th e gen t le m i nded th e d i v ine D es i re

,

O i bl a meless L ov i ngn ess . T h en c e grew a p ac e

T h ose mor ta l T hings ers t whi le long w on t t o be
,

I mmor tal a nd th e ers twhi le p ure a nd sh eer

,

W ere m i xed exchanging hi gh w ays of ne w l i f e

, ,

And from th e i r m ingl ing th en c e a re p oured abro a d

Th e mul titud inous t r ibes of mor ta l things ,

Kn it in a ll forms a n d won d erful t o see .

A A
7 01 1/ 86 60
x 7
a 7 0 1/ 1 0 7 0 7 0 N 6 1 16 0 9 .

And a s th ey ca me t ogeth er H at e bega n ,

To take hi s s ta nd f a r on t h e out er verge .

Sim ilia s im ilibus .

0 5 156 1 86 x 001 l/ 11 61/ 0 6

6 67 6 1 0 1/ 86 1
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’
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'
3071p .

And Ea r th th rough Ea r th h er fi
g u re m agn i es, fi
And A ir th rough A i r .
‘
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

42.
3 I6 86
e 3 Ia
0 1 76 0 7
7 0 0 6 1/ 01 a 11
y s,

0151 7 6 p 061/ , 86 71 0 151 79

’
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60 30 e8 o s a vx 051 7 1 80 9 5
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An d the sun s be a ms ’

The moon in pa ss ing under c overs o er

, ,
’

An d d a rk ens a ble ak t r act of e a r th as l a rge

As is the bre a dth of h er the s i lver eyed . ,
-

43

01 9 X1 71/ 0 151 1 9 5
’
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p 1 1/

As sunbe a m s t r iki ng on the moon s bro a d d isk . ’

44
A I I
v
3 3! 9
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y 61 17
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1 0
1
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Tow a rd O lymp os b ack h e d a r t s hi s be a ms ,

W ith f e a rless fac e .

45
'
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’

p 9 176
p . 6 0 6 7 0 1 01 M6 67 p 1 0 1/ 1 1 51 9 .
1
Round e a r th revolves a d i sk of a l i en l i ght .
46.
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Even as revolves a cha r i o t s n a ve which roun d ’

,

The ou tmos t .
47 °

1
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For t owa rd the s acred ci r c le of he r lord

S h e gaz es f ac e t o fa c e .
 TH E FRAG MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 35

48.

0 86 7 0 20 1
11060 0 1 .

ut e a r th m a kes n i gh t for be a ms of s i nki ng s un .

T h e D ark h ng N igh t.
’

49

167 0 9
3 I 0
3
6
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f n i gh t the lonely w ith he r s i gh tless eyes .

‘

, ,

Win d an d R ain .

fi
50
8
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r i s from se a br i ngs Wi nd or m igh ty r ai n .

I
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9 3 I
16 0
p x
1 9

An d fi sp r ang up wa rd w ith
re a rend i ng sp ee d .

T h e V o lcan o.

5 2.
'
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’
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1
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16 0 1 67 0 1 .

An d m a ny a fi th ere burns
re bene at h the ground .
A ir.

53
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’
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y p 0 11 1/ 6 1611
p 0 6 1 70

F or some ti mes so u p on it s c ourse i t me t ,

An d oftti mes o th erw i se .

3 6 THE FRA G ME NT S OF EM PEDO CLES .

Thi ng s P assing Strang e.

a w
np
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I n E a r th sank Eth er w ith deep s t ret ching root s . -

i8p 637 a fld k a a a a v.
'

Ea r th s swe at th e se a .
’
,

a
h;
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I
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l O pLGV O G
a
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T h e s a l t grew sol i d sm it by be a ms o f , sun .

S tran g e C f ea tu res of O lde n T im es .

9
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3
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,

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af 1
'

T h ere b udd e d m any a h e ad w ith ou t a ne ck ,

And a r m s were ro am ing sh oulderless a nd b a re , ,

And eyes that w a n t ed foreh ea ds dr i ft ed b y.

A A A
wa.efl k a va ro
7 V
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I n i sol ati on w a ndered every l imb ,

H ith er a nd thith er see ing un i on meet .

 THE FRA G ME NT S OF E M PED OCLES . 37

59
A I I I )
wa p 8a zp o m 8a men ,
3 3
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31 a a
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p ms

Bu t now a s God w ith Go d was m i ngled more ,

T h ese members fell t oge th er w h ere th ey me t ,

And m a ny a b i r th bes i des w a s th en be go t

I n a l on g l i ne of ever v a r i ed l i fe .

dx p wé x a p a .

C re atures of coun tless h a nds a n d t r ai l i ng fee t .

61 .

Mx 81 ip cwrp é o wn a ' ''

fi
i.dp c fov ep va 9
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0
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i Sp é fl p wcp a , 61.8 6111 77 a éf a va x ék k ew

’

B
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y vva m o cm ,
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7

M a ny were b or n w ith t wofold brow a nd bre a s t ,

S ome w ith th e f ac e of m a n on bov i ne s t o ck ,

’
S ome w ith m a n s for m bene ath a bov i ne h e ad ,

M i xed s hap es of be i ng w ith s ha do w ed s ec re t p a r t s ,

S ometi mes l ike men a nd some ti mes wom a n ,

grow th s .
62.
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9
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3 8 THE FRA G ME NT S OF EMPED O CLES .
I I A I 00 1 ,
0 1 6 77 6 1 1 7 6 06 X0 v 7r 0 9
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xp
’
Bu t c ome ! now h e a r h o w t w a s th e sundered Fi r
Led in to l i fe th e germs ers t wh elmed i n n i ght , ,

O f men a nd women th e p iti ed a nd be w ai led ; ,

For ti s a ta le that s ees and k nows it s m ar k .

’

F i rs t rose mere lump s o f e a r th w ith rude i mp ress ,

T hat ha d th e i r s ha res o f W at er a nd o f W a rm .
Th ese th en by F i re ( in up wa rd z e a l t o re ach
It s k indred F i re i n h e a ven ) w ere s h o t a loft ,

Albe it not ye t ha d th ey reve a led a form

O f lovely l i mbs nor ye t a h um a n c ry , ,

N or sec ret member commo n t o th e m a le . ,

T h e P rocess o f H um an G eneration T o day. -

63 .
‘ '
dkk ar.31 60 1 70 0 7 0 1
1 X6w
1 6 11
$ 60 1?
[
1 611 d é
p s

Bu t sep a r at e i s th e b i r th of h uma n l i mbs ;

’
For ti s i n p a r t i n m an s . ’

64.
3 3 I '
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’
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1 1 p 7v v .

Love longi ng c omes rem i nd ing hi m wh o sees .

-

65 .
'
8
’
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30 )7 16 0 00 11 0 20 0 7 0 61 y 7 6X
vva f x es , 6 0 v0 1
'
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'
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’
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, p a h v
pp 6 v0 96
p 0 0 i1
] .

I n to cle an wombs th e seeds a re p oured a nd wh en ,

T h ere i n th ey me et w ith C o l d th e b i r th i s gi rls ; ,

And boys wh en c on t r a r i w i se th ey mee t with W a rm .

,
 TH E FRA G ME NT S OF EMPEDOCL ES. 39

66.
‘
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x 1 0 7 ot 1 9 X6 1 ,11.
&1 11 0 9 A ¢p 0 81f7 n9 .

I nt o the c loven me ad s of Aph ro d i t e .

67.
' ' ' '
19 0
1 0 7 6 0 1 1 7 0 10 3
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'
p pp y a0 71
7p
'
11 0 i. 81 0 7 0 137 0 K a i.a1 11 8p w86 0 7 6 p 0 1 i v8p 6 9
’

'
K a i.Xa
x vne wes ‘
M&XXOV .

Fo r bell i es w ith the w a rmer wombs b ec ome

M oth ers of boys a n d th erefore men a re d a rk , ,

M ore s ta lw a r t a n d more s ha ggy.

68.
3 3
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6 11 0
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Ou the t en th d a y in mon th the e i gh th the , , b lood

Be c omes w h it e p u s.

857 0 11 0 1 .

T wice b e a r i n g.

3 I
0 1 1 1 0 11
1 1 .

Sh eep sk in .

0 11 A nim als an d

71 .
86 7 1: 0 0 1 1 r6 p i.7 6311 86 X1 1 7 6§ vX0 9 61 7 X6 7 0 1 7 10 7 1 9 ,
A
1 7 0 1 9 v80 7 0 9
0 I I I
0 1 1 9 7 6 K 0 1 0 1 06 0 9 1 6 00 11 7 6
3 3

7 7
1
p 7
10 0 11 0 1 6v 7 8 1 0 50 7 0 i d 0 1 1 7 13 11
1 1 6 1 7 7 6
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xp o 17 6 1
7
I Q A Q I
1 0 0 06 11 7
I Q
8
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7 7 p p A ¢p 0 1 7 1 71
40 THE FRA G ME NT S OF EMPED O CLES .

An d if bel i ef l ack p ith a n d th ou s ti ll doub t ,

H o w from the m ingl in g of the elemen t s ,

Th e Ea r th an d W at er the Eth er an d the Sun , ,

So m a ny f orms a n d h ues of mor ta l things

C ou l d thus ha ve be i ng as ha ve c ome to b e , ,
’
Each fr a me d an d kn it b y Aph rodit e s p ower .

A I1 I A
86 1 8p 6 0 11 0 Kp 0
3
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1

1 7 0 1 9 K0 1 K 0 1 6 1 11 101 K0 11 0 0 1 711 6 9

As the ta ll t rees an d fih i s n br iny fl oods .

C
10 9 86 7
I0 7 6
x
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I
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i 8
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711 6 11
'
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6 11 o
p fi p m ,

i86 0 1 7 0 1 1 7 11 1 50 11 0 0 00 51 1 1 711
p . 61m K
p 3
0 7 1 11 0 1

As Kyp ris a f t er w at er ing E a r th w ith Rai n

, ,

Ze a lous to h e at h er th en did g i ve E a r th o er
’

T o sp eed of F i re that th en s he m i ght grow fi

,

rm .

74 '

A 8 11 I6 w1 I
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0 0 v0 0 11 0
7 0 v0 0 1 70 Xv0 7r6
p 1 K0 11 0 0 1
711 w11 .

L e a d ing the songless s h o a ls of s p a wn i ng fih s .

75
'
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60 81 8 610 01 11 0 11 0.1 7 617 17y6 ,
’
7 0 1 11 00 01 1 7 v1c11 0 , 7 0

K617 p 1 80 9 1 70 Xafp m0 0 1 81 79 7 0 1 150 86 7 v 011 7 0

1 11 0
x

Oi be a s t s i ns i de c omp act w ith out s i des loose

, ,

Which in the p a lms of Ap h rod it e shap ed ,

Go t thi s th e i r s p ong i ness .

42 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

7 0 v7 0
3
7p1
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fi Ivk ha
i.K6 1 7 1 86 9 71 571 11 0 11 7 0 1 617 20 7 03 0 11 0 20
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1
p
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Ka 1

F rom the s a me s tu ff on s turdy l i mbs grow hai r

Le a ves s ca les of fi
,
’
sh ,
a n d b i rd s th ick fe ath ered ,
-

p l u me s .

0 1 7 3 0p 6
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3

4p
3 R

v,3 6 )\ 6 1 9 11 0 7 0 1 9 6 1 7 1 1 7 6 1 1 11 .
o
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S ti ff hai rs k een p i er c ing br i s t le on

,
-

,
ch ines
O f h edge h ogs . -

O ur E yes.

84.
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8 07 6
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fi
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01 9

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0 2 o afv 1 0 1 850 11 7 0 7 6 7 1 0 7 0
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f p 8 650 1 8
’
17 1 1 1 6 0 1c0 11 ,
50 0 11 7 0 11 0 1 7 6 6 p 0 11 3
1 6 11 .

As wh en a m an a bou t to s a lly for th , ,

P rep a res a l i ght a n d k indles hi m a bl a ze

O i fl a m ing fi re a g ai ns t t he w i n t ry n i ght ,

I n h orny l a nt ern s hi eld i ng f rom a ll w i nds ;

 TH E FRAG M E NT S OF E M PEDOCLES . 43

Th ough it p ro t e ct from bre ath of blow i ng w in d s

I ts be a m d a r t s ou tw a r d as more fi
,

n e a n d t hi n
, ,

An d w ith un ti r i ng r a ys l i ght s up the sky :

J us t so t he F i re p r i mev a l on c e l a y hi d
t he round pupi l of the eye en c lose d
fi
,

lm s a n d g a u zy ve i ls wh i ch th rough a n d th rough
,

e r e pi er c ed w ith p ores di v i nely f a s hi oned ,

th us kept o ff the w at ery dee p s a roun d

hi ls t F i re b u rs t o utw a r d as more fi
,

n e a n d t hi n .
,

85 .

86 11> b ik da p a “ 1 11 11 11 00 8679 71 5X 6 7 0 131 9 .

he gen t le fl a me of eye did ch a n c e t o

O nly a l itt le of the e a r th en pa r t .

'
65 1311 011 1 1 0 7 61 71 756 11 81
, ’ "
01 7 6 1
1
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wh ic h b y Aph rod it e the d i v ine , ,

h e un ti r i ng eyes were formed .

6p 7 0 1 9 A ¢p 0 8fm
’

[ 4
11 1 0 1 9 00 10 5
0 0 0 0 K0 7 0 0 7

T h us Ap h rod i t e wrough t w ith b ol t s of l ove.

88.

1
1 50 5
7 7 11 6 7 0 1 ci
p c we
p wv gfi
l
b.
'

O ne v i s i on of t wo eyes is b orn .
44 TH E FRA G ME NT S OF EMP E DO C LES .

Similia Sim ilibus .

89.
I q I 3 3 I V 3 3 I
WG W
'
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7 11 0 11 9 , OT I CUV G LO LV 0 1 7 0
pp 00 1,
Y

Know i ng th at a ll thi ngs ha ve th e i r em an ati ons .

90 .
I
v 8
6 3
v
3
019 x v
” 6 11
7
1 171 K
p 0 11 6 17 1 1 71 K
p 0 11

3p 0 v0 6 11 ,

661) 8 61 7 651) 80 6 p 011 8 61 7 0 x 6 37 0 80 np 01 1 .

’ ’ ’

T h us S wee t se iz ed S weet B itt er on B itt er flew , ,

S our sp rung for S our a n d up on H ot rode H ot . ,

y A 3 I0 0
I
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3 3
0 1 11 01 1
1
11 0 6 11
p p1 1 0 11 , a 11 7 a
p 6 X0 1011

60671 6 1 .
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W at er to w i ne more ne a rly is a ll ied ,

B ut w ill n ot m ix w ith oil.

92.
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As wh en one m i xes w ith the c opp er ti n .

93
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W ith fl ax m i xed the s i lvery elder s seed . ’

18

The B lack R iver Bottom s.

94.

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' ' '

ecta tu r 1 11 ( 1 11 1 17 5 .
’
a t gu e ca ver n oszs ztza em s p
 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES . 45

’
An d the b l a ck c olor of the r i ver s d eep s
C omes a ll from s h a de ; an d one m a y see t he s a me
I n h ollow c a ves .

95 °

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As in the p a l m s of Kyp ris sh ap e d
, ,

Beg a n to grow t oge th er .

B on es .

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K i nd E a r th for h er bro a d bre a s t ed m elt in g p ot s - ~

O i t he e i g h t pa r t s got t w o of L u ci d N est is ,

An d of H ep h aest os four . T h en c e ca me wh it e bones ,

Di v i nel y j o i ned by gl u e of H a rmony .

fi dx w.

Th e b a ck b on e.
-

Blood an d Flesh.
98.
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46 TH E FRAG MEN T S OF E M PEDOCLES.

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An d a ft er Ea r th w ithin the p erfe ct p or t s

O f Ap h rod it e a n ch ored lay s h e me t ,

Almos t in e qu a l pa r t s H ep h aest o s red ,

An d Rain an d Eth er the a ll sp len dorous ,

-

( Al th oug h t he pa r t s of E a r th were some ti mes less ,

S ometimes a l ittle more than th e i rs ) . F rom th ese

T h ere ca me our blood a n d all t he s h ap es of fl esh .
'

I I0
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A bell . a fl esh y tw i g .

T h e R us hing Blood an d the C lep sydra.

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 THE FR A G MEN T S OF E MPEDO C L E S . 4]

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An d t h us d oes a ll b re ath e in an d ou t . I n a ll ,
’
O ver the body s surf ac e bloo d less tubes ,

O f fles h a re s t re tch e d a n d at t h e i r ou t le t s r i f t s , , ,

I nnumer able a long the ou t mos t r i n d

Are bored ; a n d s o the bloo d rem a i ns w ithi n ;
For a ir h owever is c ut a pa ss a ge free .
, ,

An d wh en from h ere the th i n blood b a ckw a r d

s t re a ms ,

The a ir c omes rus h ing in w ith ro a r i ng swell ;

B ut w h en a gai n it forw a rd le ap s the a ir ,

I n turn b re ath es ou t ; as w h en a l ittle g ir l

P l a y s w ith a w at er c lo ck of gle a m i ng bron z e -

As l on g as ever the open i ng of the pip e

I s by h er p re tty fi n g er s s t o p p ed a n d c lose d ,

An d th usw i se p lunge d w ithi n the y i eld ing m a ss

O f s i lvery w a ter c a n t he W et n o more ,

G et in t he vessel ; b ut t he ai r s o wn we i gh t
’

T hat f a ll s i ns i de a g ai ns t the c oun tless h oles ,

K eep s it in ch e ck un ti l the ch i ld at l a s t ,
48 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .
'

U n c overs and se t s free th e thickened ai r ,

’
W h en of a t ruth th e w at er s des ti ned bulk
Get s in a s air g i ves w ay. Even so it i s
, ,

W h en i n th e b elly of th e br az en cl ock
Th e w ater l i es and th e gi rl s fi n g er ti p
,
’

S hut s p ip e a nd tube : th e ai r that from w ith ou t ,

Comes p ress ing i n w a rd h olds th e w at er b ack ,

Abou t th e gat ew ays o f t h e gurgl i ng ne ck ,

As t h e chi ld k eep s p ossess i on o f th e t op ,

U n ti l h er hand w i ll loosen w h en a m ai n ,

Q u it e c on t r a r i w i se t o wa y a nd w i se befor e

P ours ou t and under th e w at er s des ti ned bulk ’

,

As ai r drop s down a nd in . Even so it i s

W ith t h e thi n blood that th rough our members
dr i ves
Wh en hurryi ng b ack it s t re a ms t o i n w a rd th en ,

Am ain a flow of ai r c omes rus hing on ;

Bu t wh en a gai n it for w a rd lea p s th e ai r ,

I n turn bre ath es ou t a long th e selfs ame w ay.

I
01 1p
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7

Sn if fig with nostr i ls mites f rom wi ld bea st s

n
’
l imbs
Left by th e i r feet a long th e t ender gr a ss .
 5 0 TH E FR AG M EN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

A V 9

50 0 XX0 1 0 1 11 6 7 6<f1 v11 , 4 1 1 0 1 11 0 1 6 15

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As far as mor ta ls change b y day so far ,

By n i ght th e i r thi nk i ng changes .

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For ti s th rough E a r th that E a r th we do beh ol d

’
,

Th rough Eth er d i v i ne Eth er lum inous , ,

T h rough W at er W at er th rough F i re devour i ng , , ,

Fi re ,

And Love th rough Love and H at e th rough d o le fu l ,

H at e .

6 4 81 11 1 11 0 8e0
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For if r el ian t on a sp i r it fi
rm ,

W ith i ncl in ati on a n d ende avor p ure ,

 THE FR A G M EN T S OF E M PED OCLES . 5 1

Th ou w i l t b eh ol d th em a ll th ese th i n g s sh a ll b e ,

Forever th ine for serv ic e a n d bes i des , ,

T h ereof fu ll m a ny a no th er s ha l t th ou g ai n ;
For of th emselves i n t o th at c ore th ey g row
O f e ach m a n s n at ure w h ere h i s essen c e l i es .
’
,

B ut if fo r o th ers th ou w i l t l ook a n d re a ch
S u ch emp ty t re a sures myr iad and v i le , ,

As men be a ft er w hich forevermore ,

—
Blun t sou l a n d keen des i re O th en s h a ll th ese
M os t sw i ft ly le a ve th ee as the se a sons r oll ;
For a l l th e i r ye a rn i ng is a qu ick re turn
U n t o th e i r own p r i mev a l s t o ck . For know
A l l th i ngs h a ve fi x ed i n t en t a n d s h a re o f t h ough t .

D om inion.

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6 1 [ p
’
An d th ou s h a l t m a s t er every d r u g th at e er
W a s m a de defense gai ns t s icknes s a n d ol d a ge ’

For th ee a lone a ll thi s I will f u lfi l

An d th ou s ha l t c a lm the m i ght of ti reless w in d s ,

T h at burs t on e a r t h a n d ru i n seedlan ds ; a y e ,
5 2 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES .

And i f th ou w i l t s ha l t th ou a rouse th e bl a s t s
, ,

And watch th em tak e th e i r venge a n ce .wil d a n d

s h r i ll
,

For that before th ou cowedst th em . T h ou s h a l t

change
Bla ck r ai n t o drought at se a sons good for m en
, ,

And th e long drought o f summer s ha l t th ou change

To t orren t s nour i shi ng t h e moun tai n t rees
, ,

As down th ey s t r ea m f rom eth er . And th ou s ha l t

F rom H ades b eckon th e m igh t of p er i s h ed men .
 T HE P U R I F I C A T I O N S.

T h e H ed ler and P r op h et.

1 1 2.

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Ye fr i en d s wh o i n the m i gh ty c ity dwell
,

Along t he yellow A cra g as ha rd b y

The A c rop ol i s ye s t ew a rds of good Works , ,

The s t r a nger s refuge vener a ble a n d k i nd ’

,

A ll h ai l 0 fr i ends ! But un t o ye I walk

,

As god i mmor ta l n o w n o more as m a n

O n a ll s i des h onored fi
, ,

t t in g ly a n d well
C rowned bo th w it h fi
,

llet s a n d w ith fl o werin g

wre ath s .
W h en w ith m y th rongs of men a n d women I c ome
54 THE FRAG ME NT S OF EM P ED OCLES .

TO th r iv ing citi es I am sought b y p r ayers, ,

An d th ous a nds follo w me that th ey m ay ask

The path t o we a l a n d v an ta ge c rav in g some
‘

For or acles w hi ls t o th ers seek to h e a r

,

A h e al ing word gai ns t m a ny a fou l d i sea se

’

Th at a ll t o o long h ath pi er c ed w ith gr ievou s pains .

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Y etwh y u rg e more as if forsooth I wrough t ,

—
S ome b ig a ff ai r do I n ot far exc el
The mor ta ls roun d me doome d to m a ny de ath s ! ,

1 14
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0 fr i en d s I k n0 w in deed in th ese the words

,

Which I w ill s p e ak that v e ry t ru th ab i des ;

B ut gre atly troubl ous un t o men a l way
H ath b een the emu l ous struggle of Bel i ef
T o re ach th e i r b osom s .
E x p ia tzon
'
an d M et em p syc h osis.

fi
1 1 5.
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e 9 K 6 1 7 0
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 TH E FRA G ME NT S OF EM PED OCLES . 55
'
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a word of F at e a n o l d d e c ree ,

o f the gods m a de f a s t ,

h a mp les t o ath s t h at wh o soe er of th ose ,

’

spi r it s w ith th e i r lot of a ge long l if e -

fou l th e i r l i mbs w it h sl a ugh t er in ofi

, ,

’
en se ,

we a r forsworn as fa il in g of th e i r p le dg e
, ,

a l l w a nder th r ic e t en th ous a nd we a r y ye a rs
"

F a r from th e Ble ss e d an d be born th rough ti me ,

v a r i ous s h ap es o f mor ta l k i nd W h i ch c ha nge ,

ever t roublous path s o f l if e :

now A ir h un t s th em onw a rd t o the S e a ;
t he w il d Sea di sgorges th em o n La n d ;
E a r th w il l s p ue t ow a rd be a ms o f r adia n t S un ;
w ill t oss th em b a ck to wh i rl i ng A i r
from o th er wh at th ey a ll ab h or .
t h at brood I too am numbered n ow ,

fug it i ve and v a ga bond from h e a ven ,

5 one ob e di en t un t o r a v i ng S t r i fe .

1 I 6.
'
81 50 7 >vq 7 0 11
’
A 11 0 1 1c1 711
y .

a bh ors in toler a ble Fat e .

5 6 TH E FRAG MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .

—
1 1 7.
I 3 I I I
m)
3 fl
V

y p a 1 7 07 6
y a1
7
1 61 0 1 7
1
1 1 11 16 0
v 9 76 16 0 76

1 1 6§ 0 X0 9 6M6 0 17 0 9 ix 0159 .
’
00111 11 0 9 7 0 0 1 11 09 7 6 16 0

For I was on c e a lre a dy b oy a n d gir l

Thick et an d b i r d a n d mut e fi
,

sh in t he w a ves . ,

h
T is E ar th o f O urs.
1 1 8.

06 0 130 0.7 6
1 16 0 1 3
16 0 161 1 0 0 1801 11 00 0 11
1

6060 01 0 11 .
x p
I wept an d wa ile d beh old i ng the s t r ange , p l a ce .

fi
1 1 9.
3 V A Q I
6 5 0 1 7 9 7 1 1 1 9 7 6 16 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 11 1 166 0 9 o h
’I

1 1 7 1
1 7 o v

01 86
Q A I A
[ ]
3
1 7 6 0 01 1 16 0 7 0
710 10 1 0 1 0 0 7 0 6 60
1 6 0 0 1
[ 1 67 0 01 1
77 1
0 1 9. 1 1 1 1 1

From what l a rge h onor an d what h e i ght of bl i ss

A m I h ere fa llen to move w ith mor ta l k i nd !

T h is Sky R oofed -
World.
1 20 .
3 I0a I C
708 W
3 3 ’I C I
q
~

1 6 11 v1 70 0 7 €
p p y a 11 7 o 11 0 11

An d th en we came un t o a roofed ca ve .
Thi s Va le o f T ears.
1 21 .

7 p 1 7 60 x 01 p 0 11 ,
0.
76

611 00 <I> 011 0 9

'
76 K07 0 9 76 16 0 1 306 v 6011 6 0 Knp c fi
v

3x pnqp 00 1 610 7 0
,
0 1 0 1 7 6 11 01 16 0 0 771 1 n
1 76
1560 0 70 1
”
A 7 1 79 X6 1 11 0311 0 0 07 0 9 i
16 01 7 0 16 1
5M 0 16 0 v0 1 11 .

A j oyless l an d ,

Wh ere S l aught er a nd G rudg e an d t roop s of D ooms ,

bes i des ,
5 8 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLE S.

T h e C h ang in g F orms.
1 25 .

86 81 111 6 13 01 11 .
V ’

616 1 1 611 71 011 { 01 01 11 67 106 1

1 z1 e16
p a 61

For from the l i v ing he the de a d did m ake ,

Th e i r forms exchanging .
1 26 .

0 0 p 16 0 1 11 a kk o v ‘
fl 1 76
p 10 7 6 )6 )6 0 v0 0
x 1 7 0 1 11 1 .

All things doth N ature change en w r a pp ing ,

5 0 1 1 13

I n un f a m i l ia r tun ic s of the fl esh .

3
01
I I 3
)6 6 x
I6 6 A

fi
6 11 1p 60 0 1 0
p 61 9 x 0 0 0 1 6 1 1 11 0 1

11 0 11 7 0 1 , 8010511 0 1 8 SéVSPGO LV
’
1 0111 0 1 0
3
.
'
6 11 1 vK 1 11
7 7

The wor th i es t dwell ings for the souls of men ,

Wh en ti s th e i r l ot t o l iv e in forms of bru t es
’
,

Are tawny l ion s th ose gre at be a s t s that sleep ,

Couch ed on the b lack e a r th u p the moun tai n s i de ;

But wh en in f orms of bea u ti f ul p lumed t rees
,

Th ey l ive the b ays a re wor thi es t for souls .

,

T h e G olden A ge.

1 28.

”
01 586 7 1 9 3 1 11 1
16 6 11 0 1 0 1 11 A p n9 06 09 K11 80 1 11 69
‘ ‘ '
Z 6 11 9 B 010 1 X6 1 1 9 Kp 0 11 0 9 0 1 386 11 00 61 801 11 ,
‘
0 M6 01 K151 7p 1 9
3 9
0 0 1 6 6 1 01 .

7 1711 0 1
’
6 130 6 6 6 0 0 1 1 01 01X 1 0 0 1 1 19 010 16 0 11 7 0
’

7 3 y p 1 1
1 6

0 0 1 77 0 1 9 7 6 { 031 0 1 0 1 1 1 5 1 0 1 0 1 7 6 80 1 80 X6 08 1 0 1 9
71
fi
[ 1 1
’ '
1 15 11 1 s 7 0 1 7 0 11 0v0 1 0 1 9 M 8
5 f 0
’
0 l.
p 7
‘

16 0 a v o v 7 6 v a1 o u9
1 ,

{ 0 11 001 11 7 6 0 1 7 0 1 801 9 11 6 X1 7 01 1 1511 77 0 1 7 6 9 69 0 1380 9

‘
'
1 1 1
 TH E FRAG MEN T S OF EMPEDO C LES . 59
I I
0 1 11 8 0 16 0 1 7 0 1 0 1
3 I I
1 0 1 0 1 9 o u 86 v6 7 0
I
3
3 3
7
p au
I 1 7 4 I
0 1 11 0 9 ,
1
I
1

1 v0 o s 7 o u7 6 0 16 6 1 6 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 0 1 0 1
3 A 3 V 3 3
0 M 0 1 6 1 0 7 0 11 ,
p 1 7 1 1 1 1
1 6 1

011 11 0 11 0 17 0
pp 1 01 0 01 11 7 0 9 611 6811 6 11 0 1 1 7601 7 11 1 0 .

N or un t o th em
W as Ares god nor Kydo im o s
an y , ,

N or Z eus t he k i ng of gods nor K ronos nor

, , ,

P ose i don th en bu t o nly Kyp ris queen . ,

W h om th ey w it h h oly gi ft s were won t to app e a se ,

W ith pai n t ed i m a ges of l i v ing th i ngs ,

W ith c os tly unguen t s of r ich fr a gr an c y

W ith gen tle sacrifi
,

ce of tai n t less myrr h ,

W ith redolen t fumes of fr a nk i n c ense of ol d ,

P our i ng l ib ati ons out u p on the ground

O f yellow h oney ; n ot th en w it h unm i xed bloo d
O f m a ny bulls w as ever a n a l ta r s tai ned ;
’
But a mong men t w a s s ac r i lege mos t v i le
T o re a ve of l i fe an d e at the goo dly l i mb s .

‘
86 7 1 9 611 18019 ,
’

28 ) 1 1
1 11 16 6 11 0 1 0 1 11 01 11 1
)p 1
1 7 6 1 1 0 0 1 01 6 5
0 9 1
1
11 1 16 1 0 7 0 11 1 7 p 0 1 7 180 1 11 G KT Y d a T O 1 7
’

i 16 0 11 7 0 11
1 7 0 11 7 0 10 1 11 76
0
0 0 1 0 1 11 1 6 1 71 1
10 0 11 0 9 610 7 0 1 11
0 171 7 0 7 6
y p a 1 7 0 0 1 71 0 1 11 0
p 6f a 1 7 0 1 7 0 1 7 186 0
p 0 1 11 ,
C 3
1 16 6 60
fl

61 6 7 0 1 11 0 11 7 0 1 11 1 7 0 11 7 0 1 11 0 6 0 16 6 11
p 0
7 6 16 0 0 7 0 11
v
8616
1
16 0 1 7 6 0 11 010 030 0 1 11 16 0 1 7 6 1 16 0 0 1 11 0 10311 6 0 0 1 11 .

W a s one a mong th em th ere a sup reme m an ,

O f v a s t es t know l e dg e gai ner of l a rge we a l th ,

O f unders ta nd i ng a n d chi ef m a s t er w i se ,

O f d i verse works of sk i ll a n d w i s d om a ll ;
60 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDO CLES .

For wh ensoe er he sought w ith s cop e and re ach ’

ta i th t a h i to v i ew ’
Of unders nd ng en w s s ,
’
Rea d i ly e ach an d every thing that e er
I n ten or twen ty h um an a ges th rove .

Th os e D ays.

86 167 06 0 1 7 0111 7 0 16 0 1 0 0 011 031 7 0 1 0 1 1 7p 0 0 1 711 F

},
3
‘
1 0 0 11

01111 69 7 0 10 1 11 0 1 7 6 , ¢ 1 X0 <I1 11 0 0 1 111 1 1 7 6 86 81 16 1 .

’

All things were tame an d gen t le t o a rd m en ,

w’
,

All bea s t s an d b i rds an d fr i ends hi p s fl a me blew ,

fai r .

3 3 I1 0 Q I y R

61
7 1 0 1 6
0 1
71 1
1 6 1 11 611 6 166 1 1 7 1 11 0 9 , 0 8
1 , p 0
1 7 6 M 0 v0 0 ,

1
51 1 6 1 11 6 7
0 9
[1 766 1 6 701
] 81 0 011 0 11 7 180 9 61 06 1 11 ,
6 13 O 1 611 0 1 1
X 1 11 1 11 3 3
0 1 7 6 77 0
1 1
1 0 7 00 0 , K 0 )6 )6 1 01 7 6 1 0 ,
3
06
A0 1 1 I 3
0
I 3 I
0
1 1
0 1 1 1 0 16 0 1 0 1
1 1 11 0
7 0 11
0 Xo y ov
1 0
6 1 0 11 0 1 7 1 .
1 1

For s in c e 0 M use undy i ng th ou c oulds t de ign

, ,

T0 gi ve for th ese our p a l t ry huma n ca res

A gat ew ay to t hy soul 0 no w mu ch more , ,

Ka ll i op e o f the be a u ti ful de a r vo ic e ,

—
Be ne a r me no w b eseechin g l w hi ls t I s p e ak
Exc ell ing th ought s abou t the blessed god s .

0 XB1 0 9 , 89 06 101 11 1801 11 616 71 10

17
p 0 17 070

86 1 8 0 9 3 A
01 0 16 0 7 66 0 0 0 06 0 1 11 17 6p 1 8650 1 1 611 1 7)»6m

0 well with h im wh o h ath sec ured h is wea l th

 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 61

Of th ought s d i v i ne O wretch ed he W h ose c a re ,

I s s h ad owy s p e c ul ati on on the gods !

1 33 .

16 60 7 1 11 77 6 6 00 0 0 00 1 611 6¢ 0a k p of 0 1 11 1 1 167 611

64

X 1 .
i 160
6 10
3 6 1 11 , 111 77 6 1 7 6 111 6 7 10 7 1 7
1
11 0 1 0377 0 1 0 1 11 0 1 0 61 7 6 1 9 6 19 1 1 611 0 77 1777 6 1 .
0 11 9 0
1 1 41
We m ay n ot br i ng I t ne a r u s w ith our eyes ,

We m ay n ot gr a s p I t w ith our h um a n ha nds ,

W ith ne ith er ha nds nor eyes th ose hi gh w a ys t w ai n ,

W h ereb y Bel i ef drop s i n t o m i nds of men .

1 34.
A A I I
ou 86 7 0 11 a 1 8p o11 e1 71 K6 <I1 0 ) 1 ) 1 16 0 7 0 31 11 1 0 16 6 16 0 0 7 0 1 ,
3 3
1 6

ou
3 I I I 1
I
0 77 0 1 1 0 17 0 1 0 8v0 10 0 80 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 0 1 ,
3
6
3
1

A I
77 0 86 9 , 0 11 00 0 1 1 786 0 X0
2 1 9 a 1

ovva , 0 11 11 1 76 11 7 0 ,
y 1 x 1

C I V A
06 0
\
é XX0
3
6c
pa 1 0 10
p ; 7 x6 0 1 0 0 1 0
16 0
1
61 0 7 9 6 77 7
1 1 11 ,

¢p 0 11 7 0 1 1 16 60 111 0 11 1511 7 0 11 7 0 16 0 7 0 10 0 0 11 0 0 00 131 0 1 11 .

F or ti s a dorned w i th never a m a n l ike h e ad

’
.
,

F or from I ts b ack th ere sw i ng no br a n ch i ng a rms ,

I t hath no f e et nor knees a ler t nor form ,

O f tuft ed se c re t member ; bu t I t l i ves

O ne h oly m i nd in efi
,

a b le a lone , , ,

An d wi th swi ft th ough t s da r t s th rough th e un i verse .

1 35 .
3 ‘
8 11 611 611 1 11 0 11 81 01 7
’
M 1 680 11 7 0 9
’
0 6 01 7 1 7 0 11 7 0 1 11 v11
11 6 11
p
3
0 1 06
I 3 I I
80
I 3 3
x6
I 3 A
7 9.
p 0 9 1 11 6 16 6 0 1 9 7 6 7 0 7 0 1
1 1 7 0 77 7 00 0 11
7 1

Bu t the w i de l a w o f a ll ext ends th rough ou t

Bro a d rul i ng e th er a n d t he v a s t w hit e s ky .
-
62 TH E FRA GMEN T S OF EM PED O CLES .
A nim al Sacrifice.

1 3 6.

77 0 1 0 6 0 5 06 0611 0 1 0 80 0 0 x 60 9 ; 60 op a7 e
0M6 1 il6 0 11 9 8011 77 0 11 7 6 9 0161 786 1171 0 1 11 60 1 0 ;

W i ll ye n ot c e a se f rom thi s gre at din of sl aught er ?

W i ll ye n ot see un think i ng as ye a re , ,

H ow ye r end one anoth er unbek nown ?

1 37.
I
61 6 1 1 0
10 17
1 1 0711
1
0 106 0150 11 7 0 77 0 7 1 81 006 0 11
1 11 1811 1 9
'
1 8 61 7 0 p 6 1 311 7 0 1
’

0
42
10 61 .677 6 vx 611 6 11 0 9 1 1 671 0 1 0

8 8 3 8111 0 106 60 1 11
’
X1 0 0 611 6 11 0 1 0150 11 7 0 9, 0 1
1
11 1 16 0 11 0 7 0 9
I 3 I I A
G AG UVG T O 80 1 7 0 .
3
'

1 3 1 Y
’
16 10 10 10 16 0 16 1 11
6 11 1 1
7
C I6 I
8 1 1 7 6 0 0 77 0 1 S6
3 3 3 C\ Q A

v 1 0 9 6 X0 1 11 16 0 1
1 7 1 9
01 9 0 1 1 7 0 1 9 77 0 7
p 1

0v11 811 017 0 p p 0 10 0 11 7 6

0060 9 16 0 7 0 0 dp 16 a 9 680 0 0 1 11 .

The fath er l i ft eth for the s t roke of de ath

H is own de a r son w ithi n a ch an g é d form
An d sl it s h is th ro at f o r sacrifi
,

ce w ith p r ayers

A bl i nd ed f ool ! Bu t the p oor v icti ms p ress ,

I mp lor ing th e i r des t royers . Y et n ot one

Bu t s ti ll is de a f to p iteous mo a n a n d w ai l .
Each sl it s the th ro at an d in h is ha lls p rep a res
A h orr ible rep a s t . Th us t oo the son
S e iz es the f ath er chi ldren the mo th er s eiz e , ,

And r eave of l i fe an d e ath th e i r own de a r fl esh .

a K01 1
1
1 10
x 8
7 11 dp 150 a9

D r a w ing the soul as w at er w ith the bron z e .

 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF E M PEDOC L ES. 63

1 39

111 67 1 0 13 1 7p 60 06 11 11 6 81 09 6 0 6 6
,
0 6
1 1
10 1 ,

1 7 1 111 0 6 0 1 09 1 7 6 1 1 6 116 6 0 1 7 7 10 00 1 .
’

1 x 67 )6 1
13 [ 1
1 10 3 1 x 1
1 1 0 0

Ah w o e is me ! th at never a piti less d ay

D es t royed me long a go e r e yet my l i p s ,

D id me ditat e t h i s fee di ng s mons t r ou s c r i me !

’

1 40 .

80011 1 79 0 510 6 01 11 6
1 1170 77 011 77 0 11 6X 6 0 00 1 .

W i thh ol d you r h a n d s from l e a ves of P hoebu s t ree ! ’

1 41 .

A
86 06 0 1 , 86 1 16 0 1 ,
I 8 v
00 1 .
I I
1 7 0 11 160 0 1 0 111
1 0 170
x 1
61 10 9 6
x 60

Ye wre t ch e d O ye a l t oge th er wre tch e d

, ,

Y our h a n d s from b e a ns wi thh ol d !

1 42.

811 8
’
3 6111
’
7 01 7 76 A 1 89 7 631 6 0 1 86111 0 1 0 131 1 631 0 1 0
7 6[ p 77 0 1 ] 61 11 01 386 [ 0 11869 7 631 0 9 [ 1
3k 17 6

N e ith er roofed ha lls of aeg is h old i ng Zeus L

-

D el i gh t it nor d i re H e cat e s veng ing h ou se .

,
’

1 43 .

I 8 I I a

[ ]
s a I
k
A

16
p 1
1 11 0 0 1 11 0 77 0 77 6 11 7 6 7 0 1 0 11 7 a 7 61 e1
1 6 11
p x k an
a

Scoop ing from foun tai ns fi ve w ith l a s t ing bron z e .

64 TH E FRA G M E N T S OF E M PEDO C L ES.

A I
11 1 70 7 6 v0 0 1 16 0 16 0 7 717 0 9 .

0 f a s t from ev i l do in g. -

7 01 1
3 1
1 0 17 0 1
x k
0 fi
e7r 1 0 1 11 0X60 11 7 6 9 16 0 16 67 7 1 0 1 11
I
3
0 1 770 7 6 86 06 0 10 1 11 0x 601 11 11 0 101 10 67 6 0v11 0 11 .

S in c e w i ldered b y your ev i l do ings h uge -

N e er s ha ll ye free your l i fe from h e a vy pa ins .

’

The P rog res s io n o f R eb ir th .

3
86
I0
616 0 9 11 11 7 6 1 9 7 6 16 0 1 v11 11 0 77 6
C I0 ) 0 1 3 I
61 9 7 16 0 1 7
11 7
1
10 1

16 0 1 77 6 1 0 1 01 11 0 051 7 0 1 0 1 11 61 7 1 0 76 0 11 7 0 1 .
’
ov10 1 0 1 77 6
p 1 p x
A A I
06 11
ar
06 0 1
9
611 7 1 11 1 71 0 1
01
6 11 0 7 01 .

And seers at l a s t an d s i ngers of hi gh hymns, ,

Phys icians s a ge a n d chi efs o er e a r th born men

,
’
-

Sha ll th ey bec ome w h en c e g ermin at e th e gods, ,

The exc ell ent in h onors.

0 00 1 0
3 I 8
1 7 01 9 0 M6 0 1 0 1 11 1 511 60 3
7 1 0 1 0 1 7 07
0 1 17 4 0 1 ,
11
A
811 6 10 1 11 0x 60 1 11 , 077 616 )6 1 )p 0 1 , d7 e1 p e1 9 .
a
€vm e9 0 11

At h e a r th an d fe a s t c ompan i oned wi th the im m or

ta ls ,

F rom h um a n pai ns and w a s ti ng eld i mm une .

 N O T E S.

ON N A T U R E.
F r.1 .Pa us a ia s i s th e fr i e d t W h m Em p ed cl es a ddress es him s elf
n n o o o

th r u gh u t t h e p em 0 N t e. M atth ew Ar l d ha s m a de
o o o 11 a ur no

h im a cha r act er i E m p ed le A et . n oc s 0 11 na

Fr.2. N arr ow ways : th es e

p res ( 61 ) i to W hich pa ss t h e
a re th e o 17 10 1 n

em a atin s ( d épp ) fr m thi g s ( f f .

on r oa t W he ce m a s o n c . r n n
’

p rti —su ch a s it i s— f p ercepti

o on d k wl edg e ( f. t h e
o on an no c

s i m ul ac r a f L e . I V ) . W ays ( k dfl ) e l itera lly de

o u r
“ ”
r a a
' t ar

vices ; bu t t h e ti
”
f s m a ll pa ss a g es i s su gg es ted by
no on o

0 7 6 1 0 01 1 7 0 1 cf f r 4.
; , ,

Th ei little h e f life a t e f s a d ess s t ru ck m r e tha

r s ar o : no o n o n

on ce by Em p ed c l es d e f th e f ew el em e t s i c m m
o , an on o n n o on

w ith th e p ers ag e i Ar ld s p em . C f. th e c m m e t s on
on n no
’
o o n

l i fe d m i t h e G m ic writers .
an an n no

L ik e s m ok e : cf .
“
r
E g o dis so lui qu qu e o con ven it omn em a im ai
n

n at ur a m , ceu f um u s, in alta s a é ris a ur a s . ”

, I II , 45 5 6 .
L uer. -

Th an m or ta l k en m ay sp an : mo e r l itera lly tha ,

“
n mo rta l
sk i ll m ay hav p w r
e o e to m o e
”
v
F r. 3 . A ddressed to Pa us n ia s ; a so e ls ewh ere.
F r.4. Th eir m adn ess : thi s evi de tly r efers t t h e ver bol d p e u n o o -
s c

lat i f Pa r m en i d es
on s o d th er phi l s ph ers . an o o o

M eek P iety l it. fr m [th e r ea lm f ] Pi ety .

’
s : , o o
‘

By ev e y w y f k wi gr a by ev ery pa ss age
o device
no n : or

f . f . 2 . E m p ed c l es u l ik e P a rm e i d es affi
,

c r m o , n n , r s

th e r el ati v e t rus t w rthi ess f th e s en s es .

o n o

T u t igh t n m o e th n h e i g etc.: h ere E. m ay i m p ly

r s s o r a ar n ,

a d i s ti ncti on b et ween th e u n derstan d in g an d s e s e p erc epti n ; n o

68 THE FRA G M E N T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

or h e m ay con s i d r with th e s e s ati al i st s f m dern p y

e ,
n on o o s

s
ch ology, o n e en se a s acti g a s a ch eck a th er with u t n on no , o

real izi g that th ere m us t sti ll b e s m ethi g ver d ab ve

n o n o an o

th em which weigh s d deci des . Hi s th e ry f k wl edge an o o no

was appa re tly l ittl e devel p ed. Ari st tle ( D e . I II 3 427

n o o ah , , , a

21 2
-

9) s ays that E .dr ew d i s ti ti b etw e e d o 0 1 l no nc on n ro ? r aaz1

an d 0 10 0011 6 0 00 1 ,

‘
N ate by a ll ways : “
ways h ere t ra sl at es
roa d p ore. ”
n 7 611 0 9, ‘ ’ ’

w
,

T h e R m a c r itic ( H
o Den t e p eti 34 a r s th e on , ar o ca, 1 n

p et a gai st a b eg i i g that p r m i s es bi gg er thi g s th a t h e

o n nn n o n n

w rk bea rs t d h e m i ght have chi ded Em p ed c les w ith

o ou , an o

the c t ra ry fa u l t ; f th e revere t attit ude efl e t ed i thi s

on or n , r c n

fragm e t s ng i v es w a y t
, oo nd gm ati sm d g ra d i l qu e ce o o an
'

n o n ,

a s th e ld phi l s ph er s s ul th r i ll s t hi s l a rg e th u ght d
o o o
’
o o o an

th e r l l f hi s s p l e d i d v ers e. L at er wr iters
o o nth e U k w on n no

ab le d th e l i m itati s f h um an k wledge have t a lways

an on o no no

bee m re c s i ste t.
n o on n

ith r phi losoph ers o doct r i es o

5 . T h e H ig h an d S tr on g : e e
“
r n r

th e gods v
L o e and S tri fe. D e i ls PPF . ,

Sifted th ug h thy l i l lust rati f th e dep efi

ro de e of
s ou an on o nc

a p etic val u e
o em e dati ; i f i s t
onea d f 0an 1 06 n on , n o 10 0 0 1 11 7 0 :

( F V ) w e r ea d
,
8 1 1 06 ( PPF ) th e t ra s l ati m i ght un
1 01 7 1 1 1 7 “
, n on r :

D eep i thi e i w a rd pa rt s d i v i d i g th u ght

“
n n n n o

a very di ff ere t d t m e less eff ecti ve fi

,

n gu e.
, an o r

f ur elem e t s b ut th ere i s s om e di s
i

6. T h e four fold -
r oot : th e o n ,
-

ag r em e t a s t th e i t erp retati
e n f th e sym b l s that f ll w.
o n on o o o o

N e t i i s p r esu m ab l y a S ici l ia w at er d i v i ity ide t ifi

s s ed by n n , n

van t e Br i k nd H ey e w ith Pr s erpi a

n an d th e text n o n , an co n

sh ws that h e sym b l iz es w ater. Zell er ( p .75 9 ) m ak es Zeus

o s o

fie H ere ai r d A i d eus ( D i ) ea rth ; Bur et ( p 43 )

r , , an on s n . 2

an d B d e (p.o f ll wi g K atz m ak e Z eus ai r H ere

r ro o o n n

d A i d eus fi
, ,

y p ec u l ia r
ea rth , an e I m t p ersu a d ed that
on r . a no an

the ry i s i m pl i ed i thi s m yth l gy a s B d e att em pt s I

o n o o , o r ro o

p r ve ( f.als G m p e p . 45 ) at th e m st E i s hi ti g at
o c o o rz, 2 o . n n

th e el em e t s a s et er a l ( t h e estab l i s h ed
g ds
“ ”
n f f . 7)
n d o o r 1 an
m —
p ri a ry th e f ur f ld r t f a ll thi gs. M reover E.
“
o -
o oo o n
”
o ,

w p et
as less tha phi l s ph er.
o no n o o

Ea rl i er phi l s ph y ha d r e g iz ed th e m aterials whi h E

o o co n c .

call s t h e f ur elem e ts th u gh it ha d ever m a de th em G d

o n o
t fi
, n ru n

e. C i . a ls th e fl wi g ( l ik e w at er ) th e m i t if m
s o ” “ “ ”
o o n , s or
 THE FRA G ME NT S OF EM P ED OCLES . 69

( l i k e ai r ) d t h e dry m
ani s t ( l i k e fie) f H e r a l it us ; d t h e r o c an

c t ra sted wa rm d c l d which A ax im a der c ceived a s

on an o n n on

d i ffere tiated fr m th e fi p . ( T h e fi
n o ve f ld d i v i s i f Ph i
r et ov -
o on o

l l o ao s wa s p r b ably der ived fr m E .) E . w a s th e fit b

o o rs a

s lute p lura l i st ; p rec ed i g thi k ers T hales Pythag ra s H era

o n n , , o ,

c l it us Pa rm e i d es et ha d m a de u ltim at e rea l ity a m at er ia l

, n , c.
,

O e. N t u ti l Pl at ha v e we
n o n app r a h t o i d eal i s ti an o c o an c

m i s m ( i . Bur et p . 20 7
on c n ,

E lem en ts( ) su pp l i d h r
d r ocx eta
e e e a d els ew h ere i s wh ere n no

by E d wa s appa re tly fit us ed i phi l s

, ,

p res erv ed t o as , an n rs n o

O p h y by Pl at . C i . Z ell er p . 75 9.
o ,

F r. 8. E n d in thi s i s not h ere en l a rged u pon a s i s

ru in ous d ea th :
the e i d a f b i rth ; it i s h wev er bu t t h e th er a s pect f t h e
o , o , o o

latter th e i tercha ge o f th e m i xed i m pl i es a s catter ing a s

: n n

w ell t h e d i ss l u ti
, f th e old to f r m t h e n ew; at l ea s t I
o on o o

tak e it s . C i.i .1 7. o r

F r. 9. I n m an, et c.: p rop erly

a s e of m an. ,
“
in th e c

I to e t t u e h ow m a y phi l s ph ers ha v e f el t th em
o a ss n o s : n o o

s elves b a lk ed i th e p erfect exp ress i n f th ei r th u ght by on o -

havi ng i th ei r v ocabul a ry t a ss e t t u e.
n o
“
n o s

F r. I O. A ven g ing D vi d e tly us ed i a c e ti s i m i la r t

ea th : e n n on n c on o

d
oom o f e d ath i f . 9 ( i. Pl ut. qu t ed by D i els P PF ) .
”
n r c o ,

ic M rs
’ '
ut A 0fl & dk i m L c p h . 93 5 e t
v oelem vi de s sc s n x , s o

p e cat ru m ult ri x . D i els F F F .

c o ,

1 1 -
1 2. d ct ri e ( d i pa rt th e w r d s ) f Pa rm eni des
The o n an n o o ,

a fterwa rds d ev el p ed w ith su ch e ergy d i m agi ati

o d n an n on an

o bs erv ati f t h e p r c ess es f th e s e s i bl e u i v ers e i B k

on o o o n n n oo

I of th e D e N a tu m Kem m .

F or th ere t ll b e, et c.:
’ '

p erhap s a m oie l it eral ren der i g '

n

wo uld a a i
m k e th e m e n n g m o re bvi us t s m e r ea d ers F
o o o o :
“
or

e e v ry ti w i l l it
me [ i. e., a n y g i ven b j ect ] b e r ight th ere wh ere
o ,

v ry ti
a ny o n e e e m e p ut s it .
”

F r.1 3 -
1 4. B.h eld w ith a rm en i des that th e worl d i s a Plen u m
P in
ex c ess o o f d efi
,

capab le eith er of ie cy. r ,

c n

F r.1 5 . that th ere i s h ere ny ffim at io of th e i m m rtal ity of

But a a r n o

t h e p sychi c l i fe ( S i eb eck G e ek . d . P y h l. I 5 3 267 ) I d s s c o o

t b el i ev e. fi
, , , ,

no p i d e t es w ith E .n t
ovo
'
ly m e b ut all p e
no o on n r
70 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .

ish ab le bei g s d th es e e eter a l l y i

n ,
fa r a s th ei r
an ar n on n so

el em e t s e et er a l .
n Z eller p . 75 6.
ar n ,

D i els h w ever r e ders ( FV ) 5 4

, o 2 w i r St erbl ich e ;
‘
, n 00 7 0
" ”
1n

deed a s me i s ev i de tly t h e u derst d subj ect f k é m

“
n
”
n n oo o Ka ov

it m us t al s b e th e subj ect f fi
,

ii d it i s
o o n
u c an

bu t atura l t c st ru e 5 1 3 bel w i th e s am e s e se. B t

n o on 00 7 0 o n n u

th ere i s sti ll p resu m ably refere ce t th e im m orta l ity f th e no n o o

s ul. T h u ght d feel i g w ith E. e pa rt f th e phys ic l

o o an n ar o a

system ; d u bei g i s bu t a phys ical b ei g t which

”
an
“
o r n n , o ,

h wever a s t ev ery thi g th e th u ght f i

o , o m us t app l y. n , o o r. 1 1

C m pacted d l s ed apa rt r efer t th e m i g l i g

”
d
“ “
o an oo o n n an

t h e s catt er i g f t h e b dy s c s tit u e t el em e t s .
’
n o o on n n

1 6. L ove u der va ry i g am es L vi g ess

an d H a te n n n , o n n
”

d S t r i fe Aph r dite d W rath et . c ceived by E.

“ ” “ ” “
an , o an , c , on

a s t h e dy am ic p wers f th e u iv ers e. M a y detai l s f t h e

n o o n n o

c cepti
on e s ti ll i d i s p ute ( i . Z eller p . 77 ; T a ery p .
on a r n c , 1 nn ,

E ff rt s t r elate th em g e etica ll y t t h e I s i s
o o d T yph n o an on

o f th e E gyptia t th e O rm u z d d Ah r i m a if th e P ers ia
n, or o an n ( n

s eem t m e u su ccessfu l ; e i s rath er r em i d ed f th e W

o n on n o
“
ar
"

a nd H a rm ia f H erac lit us .
“
on
”
o

1 7. Th e st th e m st ig ifi t d th e m st diffilt f
l on g e , o s n ca n , an o cu o

th e fr agm e t s ; p r es erv ed by S i m p l ici us . Th e O e i s t h e

“ ”
n n

S ph ere ; th e M a y a s we ee fr m l i e 8 ( f t h e G reek
“
n ,
”
s o n 1 o

text ) e t h e f ur el em e t s .
, ar o n

T w f ld the bi th tw f ld th e d e th f th i g
o -
o a da rk
r , o -
o a o n s :

s ayi g ; I pa raph ra s e a L ati

n te f D i els PPF n no o ,

T h e wh eel f at ur e ru s a d ubl e c urs e e fr m th e

“
o n n o o , on o

co m p l et e s epa r ati f th e f ur el em e t s t t h e u i on f th eo o n o n on o

S ph ere th e th r fr m t h e S ph ere t t h e s epa rati

, o e f th e o o on o
el em e t s . I neith er c urs e ex i s t t h e c ertai ti es
n f c r e ti o n o a on

an d d i ss lu ti f a s th e el em e t s c m e t g eth er th ei r
o on : o r, n o o

m eeti g ( fia ) br i g s thi g s t b i rth bu t wh e th e t e d

,

n d vo oS n n o n n

m i g l e ha s fi lly i c rea s ed
,

e cy t
n o n fa r a s t f rm th e na n so o o

S phere agai th e s am e m eeti g i s f u d at la st t b e l ess

n, n o n o no

th e s ur c e f th ei r d es t ru cti
o ( t hous 1 5 7 é ‘ ) on 7 K? “ 7
"
\ K€ 7 6

agai a s th e el em e t s b eg i t s epa rat e fr m th e S ph er e ( 5 m

n, n n o o

thi g s e b r i t rd rly a rr g em e t f
n ar o n n o an o e an n o

th ei r elem e ts u ti l w ith th e i c rea s ed te d e cy t wa rd s epa

n , n , n n n o

rati n everythi g at l a s t fl ie apa rt ( M 7) an d peri shes.

o , n s 1 71
”

C i .i r.26.
 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 7 I

It us t b e ted that wh en L ve i s su p rem e we have th e

m no , o ,

ha rm y f th e S ph ere; wh e Hat e i s su p r em e a m pl ete

on o n , co

d i ss ipati . I eith er s tate i s a yt hi g l ik e u w rl d p

on n n n n o r o os

s ibl e we m us t b e i eith er e
: th e th er i t erm ed iate
n on or o n

p eri d wh ere th e el em e t s e m ak i g h ea dwa y ( ) away

o , n ar n 1

fr m th e S ph ere t w a rd d i ss ipati
o ( ) fr m d i ss ipati
o on, or 2 o on

t wa rd th e S ph ere. C f . Bur et ( p . 248 ii ) wh b el i ev es we

o n , o

ar e i t h e f r m er p er i d.
n o o

A ax i m a d er ( bu t f . Bur et p .64) d H eracl it us d th e

n n c n , an an

Pytha g r ea s s eem a ls t hav e ta u g ht a su cc ess i

o n o f w r l ds
o on o o

b r
o n d d es t r yed ;
an d a s i m i l a r th u ght i s i m p l icit i th e
o an o n

n ebul a r h yp th es i s f m d ern a s t r
o m y. o o ono

b i th et . th ey r efers I b el i ev e t o
”
S f
“
o h ve th ey
ar a a r , c : , ,

th e f ur el em e t s m rta l i f v i ew ed a s pa r t s f th e p er i s habl e
o n : o , o

thi gs f u w rld ; im m rta l d u shak e a s g ds ( i. th e

n o o r o o an n n o c

m yth l g ica l am es f f .
o o i f v i ewed a s th e p r im eva l s ur c es
n o r o

o f a ll thi g s d a s sub j e t t t h e l a w f t h e f ur c s m ic
n an c o o o o

p er i ds—et er a l i tercha ge d rev lu ti r u d th e i r le

o n n n an o on o n
“
c c

f th e w rld .
”
o o

A d h t f m th em p t et . b th St r i fe an d L ove
n s u ro a are , c : o ar

appa re t ly c ceived a s m ater ial t s i m p ly a s dy am ic p ri

n on , no n n

c ip le . T h e ea rly phi l s ph ers w er e a l g w a y fr m t h e i

s o o on o n

co rp real iti es d abst r acti s f m d er s ci e ce ( f. Bur et

o an on o o n n c n ,

p . 46 )2 d ev e th e P ythag r ea
an um b ers were b y m ea s
n o n n no n

s ha rp ly d i sti gu i sh ed fr m th ei r n c rete exp ress i i ge o con on n o

m et r ica l f rm s d m at er ia l thi g s d ev e t h e N us f
“
o an n , an n o o

A ax ag ra s wa s m i d t ff i s pace. Th us St ri fe i s i equ i
n o n s u n n

p i s e i.e. ev eryw h ere f th e s am e w eight ( d dk

'
’
e te d
'
o o r a vrov s n n
, ,

d e l é q uilib e d e p i ds . T a ery p d at thi s m m e t

’
r s o nn , . an o n

s m ewh ere t ide th e Sph ere; whi le L ve equ al i le gth

o ou s o , n n

an d br ea d th i s s it u at ed i id e
, d ns , an

s p eeds rev lv i g i th e elem e t s .

“
o n n n

Ta ery ( p . 30 6 ) rega rds th em a s m ed ia en d w ed with

nn
“
o

s p e ia l p r p erti es d abl e t di s p l ace each ther m edia i

c o an o o , n

th e b s m f w hich
o o e p lu g ed th e c r p r ea l m l ec ul es bu t
o ar n o o o ,

which e s ti l l c c eived t b e a s m at er ia l a s th e i m p d erabl e

ar on o on

eth er f t h e m d er ph ys ici st s i. e. a lm st a s di ff us ed ”
o o n o

g a s es ; bu t it i s v ery d ubt ful i f Em p ed c l es ha d su ch a defi

, ,

o o

n it e th u ght i om i d. n n

et . what ev er th e d iffi i thi k i g

’ '
T he i b
zs s n o rn , ult iec : c s n n n

o ut t h e th u g ht w ith c os i s te cy f d etai l th ere i s a fres h ess

on n o , n
7 2 THE FRAG MEN T S OF EMPEDO C L ES .

an d a g ra deur i thi s ide tifi n cat i o f a c s m ic p r in cip l e o

n n on o , r

m at er ia l w ith a pa ss i a fac u lty i th e l i fe f m . E.on , o r n o an

m ak es a s i m i l a r ide t ifiti
, ,

f Hat e ( i . i . n Schopenca on o c r

ha u er s ide t ifit i
’
f t h e dy am ic p r i cip l e f a ll
n ca on at ure
o n n o n

w ith wi ll o tt ers a m der a a l gy. N sh uld w

“ ”
e ov erl
o k n n o or o oo

t h e p r i r ig ifi e i t h e v ery ch oic e f th e am es d a w
o s n ca n c n o n , r n

fr m th e pa ss i s f m e t s tan d fo activiti es as fun da

o on o n o r

m e ta l a d w i de a s th e u i vers e.
n n n

I thi k by th e way that E l a gu age h er e m ak es it po ss ible

’
n , , s n

to i terp ret l ve ( th ught s f l v e et .) a s m re than th e

n o
“
o o o ,
”
c o

phys i l g ica l pa ss i
o o f e f e with whi ch it i s usu a lly
on o s x or s x

ide t ifi
,

n ed by th e c mm e tat o rs . o n

Beh ld t h ese elem e t

o wn eq u l treng th etc.: E.concei ves
n s o a s ;
t h e el em e t s a s each a l ik e i q u a tity a d s t r e g th each a l i k e
n n n n n ,

p ri m eval ; bu t each w ith it s p ecu l ia r fu cti d appea ra c e n on an n

p e ifid es c r ipti v e a dj ecti v es us ed i n am i g t h e ele

,

( i. E
’
c s s c c n n

m e t s ) q u a l itati vel y di s ti ct fr m th e th ers . C f . Z ell er p .

n n o o

762. But what h e m ean s by affi

, ,

rm i g that n

revai li g q u ers w ith rev lvi g ti m e

P n con o n
”

is no t t m e at l ea s t p erfect ly c l ea r . H e s p eak s
, o where f
, no o

an a ge f Ai r E a rth
o W ater ; d th e p ec ul ia r ag e i es
or or an nc

h e i m p u tes t fi
, ,

e ( ee i fr a ) e appa r e t l y at a ll ti m es at
o r s n ar n

w rk w ith ut ever e d i g i fie d m i ati g a ll a s i th e

o , o n n n r
’
s o n n , n

c m m i t erp retati
o on f th e sys tem f H er ac l it us . P ss i b ly
n on o o o

h e r efers t t h e t em p ra l s eq u e c e i t h e sepa r ati

o f th e
o n n on o

el em e t s fr m th e S ph er e ( f
n o whi h ee Z ell er p . or c s , or

s im p ly t th e fa t that w thi s w that c reated bj e t i

o c no , no o c n

n at ura rerum ha s m re f thi s m re f that el em e t i it s o o or o o n n

c m p s iti . C f .f .26. I Chi es e phi l s ph y Th e el em e t s

o o on r n n o o
“
n

ar e su pp s ed t qu er e a th er acc rd i g t a defiit e
o o con on no o n o n

l aw. W e e t l d that w d c qu ers ea rth ea rth c qu ers

ar o oo on on

water water c qu ers fie fie c qu ers m et l d m etal

,

, on r , r on a , an co n

q u ers w d. Pa ul Ca rus C h i e e T h g h t 90 7 p .47. B t

oo
”
, n s ou , 1 , u

t h ere i s thi g i E th u ght that s eem s t c rresp d. ’

no n n s o o o on

T h ugh ro e th e allus i t th e th e ry of th e po res

on an o r : an on o o ,

t h e p r e urs r f A t m i sm . C f.Z ell er p . 767.

c o o o ,

1 8. Th etran slator ha s m ade o eff ort t o b e c ns i st ent in rend er n o

ing WW d ¢ X6m i t En g l i sh by d ifi
an e e t w rds. T h ere
¢ s n o r n o

i s evi de tly n vita l d i ff ere ce f m ea i g in th e Greek as

n o n o n n

us ed b y E. C f.Plu t. qu ted by D iels PPF . , o ,

74 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

22. H eaven : ai r ; c f .n o e t t o f r.2 1 .

F or Su n, et c.: th e m
a m b er utu a l att racti n f th e l ik e an d o o

th e er pu ls ion o f t h e u li
n k e a re h er e r eferred resp ectively t o

th e acti v
o n o f L o e an d Hat but el s ewh er e i hi s syst em Em
e; n

p ed o c lesl vs
ea e a s m u ch
in t h e da rk t h e m att er. C i.G m on o

p rz a ry
e , p . 23 7 . T n n e , p . 3 0 8 . Als Bur et p .247. o n ,

T hi g th tn s e m a t p t t mi
ar wh ere th e em a ati s f
os a o x : n on o

th e e on e p ec u l ia r l y w ell fi
ar tt ed t t h e p r es f th e th er. C f . o o o o

Bur et 47 5 .
n , 2

Fr.23 . m ix ing harm onious s ees a r efere ce i

, et c.: G om p erz ( p .23 3 ) n n

thi s fragm e t t th e f ur p rim a ry c l rs a s a al g us t th e

n o o o o , n o o o

f ur el em e ts . T h e s i m i le were th e d ubly str ik i g.

o n n o n

T h e g dd e l it. d ivi ity

o ss : u d ubtedly th e M us e
,
‘
n
’
n o ,

m e ti ed s ev era l ti m es by E . ( f . i . 4 5
n on im p rta t c r , , o n

a s a hi t that th e a u th r i s p et a s well a s phi l s ph er d

dw
n o o o o , an

m y a e l a g uage
us t a l wa ys l it er a ll y i acc
n no ith hi s sys n or

t em .

F r.25 . O n e m ay regret that Em p ed cles ha s

o n ot l eft us mo re su ch
pithy s ayi gs . n

C f.
“
A rea s abl e rea s on on,

I f g oo d, is non e t h e w rs e f r epetiti
o or on .
”

Byr D J on , on u an , X V, 5 1 .

26. I n turn th ey con q u er :

“
th ey ”
me a s n t h e e em en l ts ; cf . no e t
on f r. 1 7.

olden Fate : fat e i s

tio ed s ev eral ti m es by E. d n
m en n , an ca

on ly m ea I thi k th e u ivers a l l aw f bei g.

n, n , n o n

While i f i o de G . ff 5m M
s n a r r ; it r efers t o that
r: r e K M V

o rderly a rra gem e t f t h e el em e t s which r esu l ts a s th e i

n n o n , un

f yi g p r c ess g es
n o i t h e dea d ha rm y of t h e S ph ere.
o o u, n on

While e t s r n de : thi s r efers t th e p r c ess whi ch e ds

asu n r o o n

i t h e c m p l et e d i ss ipati
n o f th e el em e t s d th e d es t ru cti
on o n an on

o f a ll thi g s . n

Till they whe g wn . . n um b i.e a s I u ders tan d it

, n ro s cc : .
, n ,

ti ll a ft er havi g c m p l eted th e p r c ess f c m i g t g eth er

, n o o o o n o

a gai which e ds i th e S ph ere th ey ag ai b egi th e p r c ess

n n n , n n o

o f s epa r ati g which e ds i

n d i ss ipati . C i . fr. I 7 ; d Zell er
n n on an

(p. wh m i ght qu esti o thi s i terp retati . on n on

 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES . 75

G u d er o n an d su cc u m b i s in th e Greek '
t mé ve w e Wi M T a t , a
ph ra s e f u d o n in T h eogn is ( l. 843 )
cc
61 1 67
-
a ]! Ka 061 rep 0€ v €c f mé vep fle
dfl el’m
’
im s iKa 6 {y ep
’
rm vd
-
7 0 v7 a o

wh ere th e event i s h owever ha r dly , , of th e s am e c s m i o c im

p rta ce.
o n

27 . The e i th e Sph ere wh ere one ul d d i sti g u i sh

r : n e f , co n n on o

t h e el em e t s d e f t h e f rm s
n f thi g s . O e
an t es that
n on o o o n n no

t h e pa ss ag e m ak es m ti f ai r d w d ers i f a l i e no en on o , an on n

m y h av e b ee l s t . T h e Sph er e c rr es p
a n ds s m ewhat t
o o on o o

Bei g f Pa rm e i d es which wa s ph er ica l

”
d im
“
th e n o n , s an

m v a bl e ; bu t t h e f ur el em e t s th u gh i thi s s ph ere v i s i bly

o o n , o n

i d i s ti gu i shab l e m us t sti l l m ai tai th ei r resp ectiv e q u al

n n ,
n n

iti es . F va r i s a ci e t i terp retati s f th e at ure f th e

or ou n n n on o n o

S ph ere f . Bur et p . 5 ff , c n , 2 0 .

I n th e clos e r eces s o f H ar m ony : C on co rdia e lat eb ris

in

fi
g t t urus i els P PF . A p etic fi
en e
”
. D i d a that
, o g u re f o r t h e e

th e S ph er e i s c m p l et ely u d er t h e r i o v ss ibly n e gn o f L o e. Po

t h e c l s e r ec es s i s bu t t h e surr u d i s l it ud b l w
“ ” ”
o o n ng o e e o , an d

i s t p erhap s t b e tak e y m re l itera l ly tha t h e r efer

no , , o n an o n

e ce t th e S ph er e a s exul ta t I f ex am i ed a rr wly “ ”
n o n . n n o

lt ie m us t b e a dm itt ed . T h e fi
,

cu gu e m y b e
s r a

Ha rm y th e w ere th e p e ifi ed fi tt i g
on n, rson
“
n
”

d w u l d r efer t th e c l s ely fi
, ,

a d aptati on , an tt ed pa r t s o f th e o o o

u ivers e wh e br ug ht t g eth er by L ve. H é m ( c l s e

n n o o o vos
‘
o

fi
,

t t ed c m pact ) w er e it self p erfect ly app r p r iat e ; bu t PM ”

,
’ ‘
o
’
o R
,

a s a u ( m ea i g a s it s eem s t h er e a hi dde plac e )

no n n n o
‘
n
’

w u l d c fuse th e th u ght f t h e fi
, ,

o on g e i f Pythag r ea o , or ur , o n,

r equ i res t c cei ve Ha rm y a s p erva di g th e S ph ere

us o on
“
on
”
n ,

no t a s hi d i g it s m ewh er e i s pace. M re ver e w uld

n o n o o on o

fid p fi
,

ex p ect t b
c app l i ed t th e S ph ere r ath er tha t th e
o n K os o n o

r ecess Pr f.N ewb ld i a lett er su gges t s p y f p lb y i.e.

. o o n
'
K lu or K t t c , ,

i Ha r m ia s c l s e b i d i g f a s b ett er than th e M S
‘ ’ ’ “
n on t o -
n n r os ,

rea d i g th u gh t al t g eth er s ati sfact ory.

n , o no o
”

B d e o a ssu m es ( p 1 3 5 ) that H a rm ny
r ro ot L ov e a lon e .
'

o IS n ,

but th e u i f L ve d Hat e th ei r eq u i l i br i u m ; bu t hi s
n on o o an ,
”

wh le i t erp retati
o n f Em p ed c l es i s v ery fa r fr m that f
on o o o o

a ll th er s ch l a rs d i s usu ally a s h ere f l itt l e s ervice t

o o , an , , o o

t h e p i t f v i ew a d pt ed i th es e pages .
o n o o n

T he ded Sp h e e T hi s p r i m ev a l Sph er e m us t n ev er b e
rou n r :

co f u d ed with E p res e t spherical u iverse c m p s ed a s ’

n o n .s n n , o o ,
7 6 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

we lea r fr m n o th e d x g raph ers f a rev lv i g bright h em i

o o , o o n

S ph ere f day o an d a d a rk h em i s ph ere f i ght. C f . te t o n no o

i r.48.
Ex a lta n t in u ted w ith l itera ry tact
surroun din g s o h tn de :
’

q o ,

th u gh i
o c rrupt f rm ; by M arc us Aurel i us ( X I I 3 ) I f
n a o o ,
“

th u wi l t s epa rat e I s ay fr m thi s ru l i g fac ul ty th e thi gs

o , , o n n

which e attach ed t it by th e im p ress i s f s e s e d th e

ar o on o n , an

thi g s f tim e t c m e d f tim e that i s pa s t d w i lt m k e

n o o o an o , an a

thys elf l ik e Em p ed cles S ph ere All r u d d i its j y us

o
’
,
‘
o n , an n o o

rest rep s i g o n .
’

29. C f . f r. 1 34, e e wh r xp ress i s

e on , in pa rt i de tical n , a re used
appar t ly en o f th e D ivi n e ; an d n o te that bel w i i o n r. 3 1 th e
S ph i s cal l d
ere e G o d.

N or f o rm o f a tou ch p ss ib le only
life p rodu cing m em b er :
-
o

to a free d a ustere i m agi ati Em p ed cl es g az es u p

an an n on : o on

m an , th e ak ed d th e sw i ft
n d s eiz es at
an ce n that which an on o

st ide t ifi
,

mo e hi s m anh
n d. s oo

3 0 . Yet a it w i ll b e r em em bered that Stri fe

fter m ig h ty S trife :
br a s up d s eparates th e elem e t s i th e S phere.
e k an n n

A mp le t o th G .wh é bp K
s al it. br a d o ath . C f.f .1 1 5 .
: r
‘
a r os
’
ov
,
‘
o
’
r

ph r
3 1 . G od : t h e S e e. T hi s m i xt ur e f a l l m at er ia ls i s d i vin e
“
o

ly
on s s
in t h e en e in which a tiqu ity i ge era l s ees i th e n n n n

w rld its elf t h e to tal ity f d ivi e b ei gs d p wers . Zel ler

o o n n an o
”
,

p .8 1 3 ; cf .p . 8 1 4.

F r. 3 2. qu d e ie t
“
o ip i
co n c u ra scr s in ngzt bin d e eg n e ex
a r tn s
'
l a tr
pr e it M a r tia us R ta s i v e i
ss n o n g en o e m elio re i s iv
ro f ret u s l ib
’

a rticu h s c on s ta t s em p er
”
in n ctn m dn o bn s . D e P PF . i ls ,

F r. 33 . D iels ( F F F ) cit es H m er E 90 2 d s ays e Plu t. patet o an

“

C c rd i p e m illu t i —it i l l ust rates th e p r cess f

, , ,
”
on o as roc ssu s ra r o o

L ve.
o

F r. 34. i.e., lik e a b ak er acc rdi , o ng to K a rs ten an d B u rn e . t

F r.35 . Wh en ri g i f th e v rtex i s t e
d own th e Vo r tex : th e o n o o no x

p l ai ed n xi sti fragm e t f E m p ed cl es T a ery

in an y e ng n o o . nn
thi k s ( p 3 ) th e v rt ex i s d e t a d i st urb a ce f equ i
n . 12
“
o u o n o

l ibri um . .th e fi l resu lta t f th e d i s rdered m v em e t s

na n o o o n

which H ate ccas i s i th e S ph er e. A d agai ( p

o on n
”
n n .
“
H ate. .i s t h e p ri cip le f d ivi s i d m vem e t ; in o on an o n n con
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES . 77

s eq u e c e f it s very m b i l ity it w rk s it s w ay n at urally i t

n o o o n o

th e i ter i r f t h e m ti l ess Sph ere p r du ces

n o o ag itati o on , o an on

an d th e a m v em e t f r ev lu ti
n . T h er eu p
o Hate i s n o o on on

th r w il t th e ci rc u m fere ce wh ere th e m v em e t i s m st
o n o o n o n o

r api d d i s fi lly exc lud ed a lt g eth er B t f Z eller p .

, an na o
”
. u c . ,

784 787. T hi s cha s

, v rtex caus ed acc rd i g t T a ery o , or o , , o n o nn

by Hate ha s su gg est ed t s m e th e x d m f H es i d d
, o o
“
c a
”
o o an

th e rud es i dig e t q e m l es f O v i d ; it w a s h w ev er
“ ”
n s a u o o , o , an

accept ed te et f th e ld er s ch ls ( f .T h e 5 5W) i A
n o me e o oo c n n ax z
’

n s

d e W .A . H ei d el C l . P hil l gy I J uly
'

an d A m nax z an r, , ass o o , ,

T he f
eddyzng cen tre o
’

a ss i s t in t h e th e m ass : th e m
”
no

Greek ; but i s t b e u derst d rath er than th e S ph ere o n oo

“

which ha s p r p erly c ea sed t b e i b ec m i g a v o rt ex .

o o n o n

O n en e : n t to b e ide t ifiss ed w ith th e Sph er e b ut w ith t h e

o n ,

fai r rder f f . 6 a s s eem s c l ea r fr m th e l i es that f l

o o r 2 , o n o

low d fr m th ei r m i g l i g et .
“ ”
, an o n n , c

O ly s wi lling ly : p ss i bly a r eference t o th e att r a cti on o f

n a o

l ik e f l ik e. C f. te t o f .2 .
or no r

N t ll b l m ele
a i. e H at e r et r eat ed u n d er p rot es t d i ffer
a a ss : .
, ,

i g fr m bl a m el ess L v i g ess i t w i l l i g ly sub m itti g t

“ ”
n o o n n n no n n o

ld d ec ree ( ee D i els PPF alth ugh thi s

“ ”
th e o d f . s , , an r o

s eem s i f a ythi g m re tha a p etic t u ch t i v l ve t h e

, n n o n o o , o n o

i c s i s t e cy f a free w i ll ver a gai st th e fu d am e tal e

n on n o o n n n n

e it y . Su ch c rux es r eca l l t h e i c
c ss s i ste ci es eve i th e ,
n on n n n

m r e dev el p ed m at er ia l i s m
o f m d er ti m es which a ssu m es
o o o n ,

t h e p ss i b i l ityof s e s e ex p er i e c e d f d i s ti g u i shi g t ru th
o n n an o n n

a d err r r i g ht
n n d wr ng . C f . fr . 1 6.
o , a o 1

T he i cle u tm ost b ou d t h e ci rcu m fer ence o f th e vo r t ex

’
c r s n s : ,

not t h e S ph er e.

Th e m em b ers th e el em ent s . :

T h e m t l thi gs : th e el em ent s a s con s tit u ent s o f ph ys ica l

os or a n

o bj ect s i th e p eri shable w rl d c t r a s ted w ith t h e el em e t s

n o , on n

a s etern al s urces f c r eati . C f . f . 1 7 d 6. D ag l i

o o on r an 2
“

el em e ti et er i s i f r m a ess er i v i v e ti e p e ib ili.
”
n n o B d eo no n r o r r ,

p . 1 3 0 . T h e t w s tat es e a g ai c t ra s ted in
o ar n on

T h e ers t whi l ep ur e an d s h eer

“

W ere m i x ed ,
”

bel w. o

F r.3 6. T h ey Th e el em en t s . C f .p r eced i ng fra gm ent.

:
7 8 THE FRAG MEN T S OF EMPEDO CLE S .

F r. 3 7. ee c t ra lem e ta c nc m m em rata fu i ss e veri s im il e ( f .

duo o o c

L ucr. I I 1 1 1 4 at v ersus e p e i e q it . D i el s FFF . r cu ra r n u

”
,

C f . f r. 1 0 9 on s e s e p ercepti .
n on

3 8. I f t h e br i ef ex am p l es f all thi gs we w b eh ld e t o n no o
”
ar o

c rresp d t t h e f ur el em e t s e fid thi g r ep res e ta

o on o o n on n s no n n

tive f fie u l ess eth er b e h ere us ed a s by A a xag r s f

,

o r n n o a or

fie w ith r efere ce t th e fi
, , ,

r , e y ky ( i te t f . 3 5 ) d
n o r s c . no o r 1 an

to t h e et ym l gy f t h e w rd it s elf ( fr m
o o m m li ght p
o o o a e ,
‘
u ,
’

‘
blaz e ) — s e s e i deed app r p riate t t h e app ell ati ve T ita
’
a n , n , o o
“
n.
”

B t thi s w r e q u ite a d i ff er e t s e s e tha i s u u a l i E with

u e n n n s n .
,

wh m eth er r eg u la rly s ta ds f t h e el em e t ai r T hi s h w
o n or n . o

i a th er diffi lt y
,

ever i v l v es m i st ai r ( p
”
, n o us n 15 ) no cu :
“
o s (1 1 10

has bee a l rea dy m e ti ed ; bu t with Zell er we m y i terp ret

n n on a n

it a s th e l wer thick er m i sty ai r ( dfi

o p i,
H m er ) a s 1 , so n o , 0 )

p s ed t th e u pp er ai r th e p ure eth er with u t h wever

o o , ,
“
o , o ,

a ssum i g y el em e ta l di ff ere ce p 786. M i st ai r i s

n an n n ,
”
.
“
o
”

r e d ered feu chte L uftk rei s by D i el s ( F V )

n
“
nd da m p ”
, an
“

m i st by B ur et . I m y a dd that B ur et i s ev i d e tl y wr g
”
n a n n on

in a ffi m i g that dfi
r p ev r r efers t
n ai r i B it i s us ed i ter n e o n : n

cha geabl y w ith wfi

n p i f . C f . S ti k ey
a n r 1 00 c n ,

no tes t Cicer s D e N t.D e m I 44

o o
’
a orn , ,

W ith Eth er t h e Tita W h b i ds th e g l be ab o ut

“
, n o n o

B rea d k i g d m s s ta rs
, n o , , an d s ky t hat l ds th em a l l.
ho
Em er D y so n , a s.

3 9. T h e white i s t i th e G reek but i s i

wh ite E th er :
“ ”
no n ,
n

pi with E Et h er t h e a ll s p l e d r us a wf l ”
k ee n g ’ “ “
th e
.s , n o o , u

h eight s f A i r th e va ulted ky f hi s im agi ati .

o ,
”
s o n on

A f sth m e t g e et . a g ru ff ess r emi di g f

ors oo so on u s, c : n n n o

H eracl it us d f Em ers s l i e , an o on
’
n

T h e b rav e E m p ed c l s d efyi g f ls ”
“
o e n oo .

F r.41 . E. s eem s to have c ceived th e u a s a lum inou s i m a ge f on s n

“
o
t h e ea rth wh e t h e l att er w a s l i g ht ed u p by t h e fi
, n e f th e r o

day [i e th e bri ght h em i sph ere] d fl e t ed u p t h e c ys

. .
, an re c on r

tal va u lt f h ea v e T a ery p .3 7 B t f Bur et p 54 d

o n.
”
nn , 1 . u c . n , .2 , an

Zell er p 789 f s l i ght d i e e e f i t erp r tati . H w

, . , or r nc s o n e on o

th e a m ere refl ecti wa s b r e al g it s track i th e e

sun , on , o n on n t

v lvi g ky we e l eft t g u e s .
o n s ar o s
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PED O CLES . 79

42. Ana ticipati n on o f t h e m o e n scient i c e dr fi xp la ati n on o f s la r

o

ec l ip s es .

T h e silver -
eyed : fl u h d i s uss ed
a vk é m aos Mm ; f or t h e m c c

7 X m5 m av ee t h e H m er ic d icti
s s a r i es . It r efers p r p erly
o on o

no t t c l r bu t t br ight ess d fl a s hi g s p l e d r us ed
o o o o
“
n an n n o ,
”

es p ecia l l y f Ath e e f wh m t h e I l ia d ( A 0 0 ) s a ys 5 ml “
o n o o 2 13 ,
, , ,

¢ d 9 . C i. Sch l . Ap ll.R h d fi1 .1 80 ( q u ted

”
545 Oi 5 00 6 av 6v o on o o . 2 o

w wl fi
-

by M err i ll d R i ddel l O dy . A 44) G yk m

an , s ,
“
ta '
ara ova
’
c
‘
r ro

¢ wr l§ oua z 73 am k dun ova c, 80ev It a l 1 ) A 0nvci w Ka i 7 N6v7) 1)

’

h a vicé m s,
’

K6p 1 7 f oil 6¢ 0a 7 w
oii r a p e.7 ) 6 yh a fi a a ew 8 60 1 1 h aar ew
' '
It a l E tzp m l
’

fi fié fi
,
,

6m min
’
é 1 rl r s a ek vns xp aar o 7 k a vm5 m s r e a r p é qber a c
'
. But
it i s d ubt ful i f E wh s p eak s o f S el e e m i ld i nten ded
o , o
“
n ,
”

h ere a ythi g st ro ger tha with eye o f s i lv ery sh ee .

n n n n
“
n
”

7X 6 i s us ed f th e w i ll w t h e l i v e an d E . hi m s elf us es
a vx s o o , o ,

it ( f .93 ) of th e eld er. D i els b l uaugige s eem s t m e i

r
’ “
a n
”
o n

a dequ ate.
F r.43 . w t h e s urce f th e m s l i ght ( f. f .45 47 ) but
E. k n e o o o on
’
c r ,

th e m it s el f h e h eld t b e a d i sk f fr z e ai r d e ha l f
oo n o o o n , an on -

a s fa r fr m th e ea rth a s th e
o ( E a M m d é x w ( 6 “
vir ov r e 7 V

fi
su n

k ) am)
t ov fi vfi fi p 9
r
1 M i n . Pl a .I I
s s re 7 V ae v v c ,

44. H e darts his b eam s : w ith i ls ta

D e I k e th e b su j ect to b e th e ‘

’ ‘
sun a n d n o t t h e e
’
a rth ur t
( B n e ) an d
“
m o O ly p s i s th e th e ”
n

bright h eav e T a ery s f eu du j ur ( ee te t f .

n, nn
’ “
o s no o r

E .exp l ai ed t h e l i g ht f th e h ea v e ly b d i es th r u g h hi s d
n o n o o oc

t r i e f em a ati s d acc rd i gly m ai tai ed— c rrect

n o n on , an , o n n n a o

c clus i fr m i c rrect p r em i s es—that t h e su s l i ght t e

on on o n o n
’

q u i r es a c er tai ti m e t r each ea r th . C f . Z ell er p . 790

n o , .

46. Which p r b ably goal i s t urn i g r

r oun d
.th e ou tm os t : o
‘
n ,
’
o

s m ethi g f th e s rt f l l wed h ere. T h e fo rm f th e c l a us e

o n o o , o o o

s h ws that it s erved a s a s i m i le.

o

F r.47. H er lord t h e s un , see n o e on t fr.43 .

F r.48. E . conce i ved
a rth a s surr u ded b y a h ollow globe
o ur e o n

c m p s ed f t w h em i sph er es a l i ghter f fie a d a rk er f
o o o o , o r , o

ai r wh s e rev l u ti p r du c es d ay d i ght . C i . Zell er

, o o on o an n ,

p . 786 Pf . T hi s l i e m ea s ly that ea rth s h ut s ff th e l i ght

n n on o

o f th e fi e y h em i s ph er e that s i k s b el w t h e h r iz o
r b ea ri g n o o n, n

with it it s u ( ee f . s n s r
80 THE FR A G MEN T S OF E M P EDOCLE S .

F r.5 0 . F o r a uth enticity f.D i els PPF . I m u certai what ien c a n n sc

fi ani g thi s l i e had f Em p ed c les ; but f th e m dern

,

ti c m e n n or o or o

r ea der it i s at l ea st cha rm i g p et ry. Burn et ( p .256 ) s ays : n o

“
W i d w a s exp l ai ed fr m t h e pp os ite m oti s f th e fi
n n e y o o on o r

an d ai ry h em i s ph eres . R ai w a s ca us ed b y t h e c m p r es si n o on

o f t h e A i r which f rc ed y w at er th er e m ight b e in it out

, o an

o f it s p or es i th e f rm f drop s .
”
n o o

5 1 . A nd up ward thought ha d an
, et c.: o f fi which
re, , in E
’
s ,

u pwa rd a s ai r a d w wa rd ( ee f . 54) te de cy i n ate

, o n s r n n , n

p wers appa re tly t els ewh er e exp l ai ed. Th e p ecu l ia r

o n no n

fu cti s att ri buted by E .t fie led Ari st tl e ( D e g e .et m

n on o r o n co ,

B 3 . 33oh 1 9 ) t s epa r at e it fr m th e th er el em e t s f th e
o o o n o

system i terp retati n d evel p ed with m u ch i g en u ity by

, an n o o n

B d eo ( Chap .
r ro

F r.5 2. D o ubtl ess an allus i on t o v lca ic ph enom e a a s

o n n , comm on in
S ici ly.
5 3.
“
It
”
refers t ai r. o M et,
”
, w
i.e. i th th e o th er el em ents.
F r.5 4. See n o te t o i r. 5 1 .

F r. 5 5 . a rth . .wa s at fist m i xed with water bu t the i

Th e e r ,
h

c rea s i g c mp ress i ca used by th e v el city f th e w rld s

n o on o o o
’

rev l uti [th e V rt ex of f .3 5 ] m a de th e water gush f rth.

o on o r o
”

Bur et p . 5 6. T h e ph r a s e i s ot th en a s c riti ci ed by Ari s

n , 2 n , , z

t t le m er e p etic m etaph r .
o , o o

F r. 5 6. W ith E. fi ha s a c rysta lli i

re z n g, con den s i ng fu cti
n on . C i.
f r.73 .

57 61 . T
-
h es e fragm e t s c tai th e rude germ f th e th e ry of
n on n o o
n at ur a l s el ecti d th e r i g i f s p eci es ( bu t f . Z ell er p .
on an o n o c ,

795 ) th ey s eem t r efer t a p r c ess f a im a l g e es i s dur i g

o o o o n n n

th e p er i d wh e L o v e i s i c r ea s i g i p w er ( i.e. t h e f urth
o n n n n o , o

p eri d ; ee i .1 7 ) i .62 th e th er ha d t a th er p r c ess

o s r r , on o n o no o

wh en Hate i s i c rea s i g i t h e p er i d f th e p resent

n n n o o

world ) . C f. Burn et p . 26 1 . ,

G d with g od : G r. G la
o a lnw i.e. L ov e an d Hat e. a c ti c u v, ,

Th ere s eem s to b e n r eason f th e conj ecture som etim es o or ,

a dva ced that E . i s here i flu e ced by th e m sters f Baby

n , n n on o

l ian lege d an d a rt. T h e G reek im ag inati wa s l g fa

on n on
‘

on t“
82 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES .

F r.66. C loven m ea ds : surely th e la bia m aj ora.

68. White p us : G r. 7 6 m ic e, n ot 6 wfi
és if my
avai lable lex ical i f rm ati b e c rrect th u gh t h e n o on o , o l atter i s
p r bably m ea t ( Bur et ) . T h e c m pa r i s s eem s t b e
o n n o on o

h wever g r tes qu e—betw ee m th er s m i lk ( p r p erly c l s

o o n o
’
o o o

t ru m ) i th e brea s t e la rg i g duri g p reg a cy

n d th e n n n n n , an

m att er f a su pp ur ati g b i l—t h e t eat

o f t h e f rm er c rr e n o o o o

di g t th e h ea d f t h e l att er. C l s t ru m i s h owev er

”
sp on n o o o o

p res e t i th e brea st a fter th e fit f ew m th s .

, ,

n n rs on

F r. 69. T wice b earin g -

: i.e., bea r i ng o fip
'

s rin g in th e s eve th n an d

te thn m on th .
F r. 70 . Sh eep s kin : us ed
bra e c ceived a s c ver i g of th e m em n on o n

bry E. c ul d ly have b ee fam il ia r

“ ”
t h e em o o on n

w ith th e m em bra es which f ll w th e b i rth f th e y u g.

n o o o o n

7 1 . Sun : thi s i s of c rs e h ere a sym b l

ou o f o r th e e l em e t fie. n r

F r.73 . Kyp ris : Aph r d ite o , Lo ve.

To s p eed o f th e t ha t she m ig h t g row fim fi ha s a
r : re con

d en sing p r perty.
o C f . f r. 5 6.

F r. 74. Th e subj ect m ay b e Aph r dite. o

75 76.
-
H ere th e b es th e ea rth e pa rt ( i m der s ci e ce th e
on , n n o n n ,

l im e) w ithi s m e a im al s e related qu ite i th e spi rit f

n o n ar ,
n o

o ur w phys i l gy t t h e s h ell s
o n th e
o o ut s i de f th ers.
, o on o o o

T h e t u t l e s sh ell c s i s ti g h iefl y f k r ati i s h w ever

’
r on n c o e n, o

l ik e h r fig ai l s et w ith
, , ,

m rph l g ica ll y c
o o o ect ed o nn , o n, n er n-

, c.
,

th e sk i . Ar i st t l e ( P e m t.484 3 8 ) s ays that E exp l ai ed

n o n u a a . n

fige il a s p r duc ed fr m s i ew by harde i g.

n rna s o o n n n

F r. 77 78. T
-
rees were supp s ed by E t d erive th ei r ur i sh m e t o . o no n

th r u gh th ei r p res fr m t h e ai r m re less ital izi g

c rdi g t th e m i xt ure—
o o o , o or V n ac

o n o ag ai a sug g esti f m d er s ci e ce. n on o o n n

F r.79. I n th us a ss im i l ati g th e s eeds f th e l ive t r ee t

n o o o th e egg s
lai d by bi rds E wa s p r b ably g u i ded by s i m i l a rity
, . o no l ess of

fu cti tha f f rm .
n on n o o

F r.80 . Wh erefore : t ell m e? Pr f. M G ilv y happily

C an an y on e o c ar

suggests it i s becaus e th e p m eg ra ate ha s a very hard

“
o n
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O CLES . 83

thick sk i t a d m itti
n, no ng ai r a s rea d i ly a s th e thi sk inn o f an

app l e. See i .77 78. r -

F r. 82. A d ct ri e f c m pa rative m rph l gy that ha s rem i ded

o n o o o o o n

m a y c r itic s f t h e p et s ci e ti s t G eth e.
n o o -
n o

84. O f h orny l a n tern : a ci e t s ha d l a t er s m a d e

t he n n n n of t ran s
lu c e t h r n d o n, an
“
h r y th u gh t i th e t ext
o n ,
”
o no n , m us t b e
u ders t d h ere.
n oo

Em p . c c ei ves th e eye a s a s r t f l a t er . T h e app l e

“
on o o n n

o f t h e ey e c tai s fi e d w at er e c l s ed i fi
on n lm t h e p r es
r an n o n s, o

o f w hich a lt er at el y a rr a g ed f
, each el em e t g i ve t
n th e n or n , o

em a ati n s f each a free pa ss a g e F i e s erves f p erceivi g th e

on o . r or n

br ight w at er f t h e da rk . W h e t h e em a ati s f v i s ibl e

, or n n on o

thi g s reach t h e u t s i d e f t h e eye th ere pa ss th r u gh th e

n o o o

p res fr m w ithi it em a ati s f it s fie d w ater d

,

o o n n on o r an , an

fr m t h e j i t meeti g a r i s es vi s i
o o n Z eller p 80 1 .
n on . , .

It w a s attem pt h w ev er i a dequ ate t expl ai per ep

“
an , o n , o n c

ti by i t erm ed iate p r cesses It w a s att em pt m re ver

on n o . an , o o ,

which a dm itted h w ev er r elu cta t ly th e subj ective fact r

, o n ,
o ,

th us c m p leti g e s tag e f th e j ur ey wh s e ulti m at e g a l

o n on o o n o o

i s t rec g iz e that
o o s e s e per c epti s e a ythi g rath er
n o ur n -
on ar n n

tha t h e m ere efl e t i
n f ex t er i r rbj ective qu a l iti es f
c on s o o o o

thi g s G m p e p 3 5 . C f . Bur et p . 67.

n . o rz , . 2 n , 2

F r 86 . F ro m which : i.e., fr om th es e el em e t s . n

F r 87. B o lts o f love : a me taph r o f o r th e u iti

n ng p wer
o of A p h ro
d it
e. C f . f r. 96 .

F r 88 . I n teres ti ng as an e a rly l ess on in a s ou n d th e ry o of o ptics .

F r 89 . C i. n o te on f r. 2 .

F r. 90 . Sour s p ru n g f or S our :
“
we t n f or
”
3
( 13 17) w uld b e a
o mo e r
ff tive r e d eri
e ec n n g, bu t f o r th e sla gy cn on n o tati s on .

F r 92. D i elsf ll wi ( FV) o o ng A r i st tle wh ha s p res erved u th e

o o s

fi
, ,

fragm e t m ak es t h e c
n , on n ecti i ie t ly c l ea r
‘
on su c D ie S m e
n :
“
a n

m isch u ng b ei d er E rz eu g u n g v on M a u les eln b rin g t, da e we?

weich e S toff e z u s a m m en k om m en, ein e h ar te Verb in dn ng eu
s ta n de. D en n nn r H o h les an d D ich tes p ass t zn einan d er.
D art ab er g eh t es, w
wie enn m an nn un d K Zi up fer m i s ht. c
”
84 THE FRA G MEN TS OF EMPED O CLES .

F r.93 . Slivery : See n o te t o i r.42.

F r. 94. P e r served ly i L ati ( Pl ut. Q

on n n n aes t. nat.
, D i el s
( PPF ) ha s th us t ur ed it i t G reek n n o :
“
ica l wék et é v fi
é vOec wor auoii M a r elc
’
a m é ev
'
r os

It a l a wnk a cé fiea a w é vop éir a c

’
cv

F r.95 . Th ey : i.e., th e e e . T h e o g ys om th u ht i s th us c pl t d by i ls
ee D e
( F V ), o o n g f ll wi
m :
“
erg a b s ichS i pl ici us
a u ch d er U n ters ch ied ,
” '

dass einig e b ez T ag , a n d ere b ez N ach t h eller s eh en .

’

F r.96. T h us b es on a re f rm ed
o of 2 pa rt s ea rth 2 pa rt s wat er an d

4 pa rt s fi
, ,

e. r

Br oa d b reas ted m elting p o ts

-
:
“
b en con st r ut t i va s i a s ,
Bo d
r r t ra s lat s
e o n e it .

G lue f H m o ar ony : c f .
“
b lt s
o of l ve
o .

F r. 97. T h us c
om ee D e pl t d by i l s
( F V ) o o ng o e: ha t
'
, f ll w i Ar i st tl “

ih re F orm d ah er, dass sze b ei d er E n ts teh u n g d er T iere du rch

ein e zu fcillzg e Wen du ng z erb rach .
’ ’
”

98 . S h e m et : G r. d vvék vp d e
, a w rd am g th ers which g o , on o , su

ge st s
in m e o e
’
E p d cl s syst
em , i m p l icit d ct r i e f cha ce an o n o n .

C i . f r. 1 0 2, 1 0 3 . C i . Bo drero , p . 1 0 7 ff .
i ll ust r ati
E th er, t h e a ll sp len d o r on s : an -
f h w E . w i ll on o o

s m etim es em pha s iz e a term us ed sym b l ically t de t e

o , o o no an

el em e t a s n e f t h e f ur f l d r t s
on o f a l l thi g s byo -
o oo o n ,
an

epith et su gg es ti v e f that el em e t a s it app ea rs i th e w rld

o n n o

ab u t .
o us

D i els ( P PF ) pa r aph r a s es T ellus d s a g u i em efli ie d m

“
: a n n c n u

fere pa res pa rtes i g i s aqu ae e i e it

n ed fi ,e i p t es t ut , a r s a rc ss , s r o

pa ul p lus terra e a u t m i us ut qu ae p lur ibus c lem e ti s

o n , n una
”
o ccurrat , a dm isceat u r.

F r.99. A fles hy sp rou t : E s ’

pict ures que defiit i f th e u t er e . n on o o ar

i r
T h e nn e ea r h e k en t o li s a b ell which s u ds a s t h e ai r o n

ke on it— g n an
st ri s u p n a ai a ticipati f m d er s ci e c e. on o o n n

hi s fragm e t ( f . f . 1 0 5 ) sh ws s m e k wledg e f th e
F r. 1 0 0 . T n c r o o no o
m ti s f th e b l d th ugh fa r e u gh fr m th e d i s c very
o on o oo , o no o o

of Ha rv ey. C f . Ha rv ey s w w rk O
,
th e M ti f the
’
o n o n o on o

He t d Bl d i A im l ( 628 ) f
ar an oo th e a t er i r v i ews.
n n a s 1 or n o

As a th e ry f r espi rati it i s a s g r tes qu e it i s i ge i us.

o o on , o as n n o
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES .

T hec m pa r i s w ith th e cl ep sydra th u gh

o on , o

H m er ic s im i l e r est s a s Bur et p i t s
o n o n

ie t ifi ex p er i m e t
, ,

ou t up on sc d is n c n an

d ubly ig ifi t f it s s u d phys ic s.
, ,

o s n can or o n

T h e f l l w i g d ia g r a m
o o d a a lys i s
n an n

fr m Bur et ( p 3 ) w i ll p erhap s m ak e
o n .2 0 , ,

th e a llus i c lea r on :

T h e w at er es cap ed dr p by dr p
“
o o

th r u gh a s i g le ifie at
o T he t p b
n or c a. o

w a s t a lt g eth er p e bu t w a s p e
no o o n, r

f t ed o that t h e ai r m i g ht ex ert it s
o ra s

p res ure t h e w at er i s i d e. T h e i
s on n n

st rum e t w a s fi lled by p lu g i g it i
n n n n

w ater p ide d w u d s t ppi g t h e

s o n, an o n

orifi e at w ith th e fige bef re tak i g

c a n r o n

it t a gai .
ou n
”

Th e wa ter s d es tin ed bu lk i.e., a

’
: co r

r esp d i on ng m a ss of water.
1.1 0 1 All that i s l eft
. of E
’
s th e ry o of sce t. n The m ites a re th e
em a ati s. n on

1 0 2. G ot : l it. cha ced

,
“
n on
”
C f .n o te on f r.98.

1 0 3. t
C han ce: f . 98 H ere a i s m e pa ssa ges
cf . n o e o n r . , s n o

els ew h er e E . s eem s t b e a h yl z i s t . C f . Z ell er p 80 ; bu t

, o o o , . 2

E. wh ere c red it s t h e elem e t s a s su ch w ith c s ci us ess

no n , on o n ,

u less f . 1 0 9 b e i terp reted ( bu t f.Gomp e p .

n r so n c rz,

1 0 4. T h e lig h tes t : su pp ly b d i es . “
o

1 05. I n th e b lood s tr ea m s : c i.n o e t t o i r. 1 00 .

T he b lo od th a t s tirs vers e w a s fte all uded t b y , et c.: t h e o n o

a ci t s
t h e n en i ls PPP ) d T ert u ll ia s eem s hi m s el f
( ci . D e , , an n

t have t ur ed it i t L ati i hi s D e A im
o n ( chap. 6 ) n o n n n a 1

m q ue b m i i s a g u i s i um di li et s e sus .
“
na o n n c rc cor a s n

But E . d i d t m ea h er e I thi k t ex c lud e s m e p w er f

no n , n , o o o o

th u ght fr m th er pa rt s f th e b dy ; h e s ays where p revai l s

o o o o o
“

t h e p wer i.e. wh er e it h iefly ( Mdk w ) ex i s t s . C i . Z ell er

” ‘
o , , c ra
,

p . 80 3 .
86 THE FR A G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

F r.1 0 6. C f.
Praet erea g ign i e cum pa rit r c rp re et u
o o na

r sc r
c e e e sen t im us p a rit erq ue sen escere m en em . t
L u er .
, I II , 44 5 6. -

p edocl es hat n icht die S eele a us de E lem e te

Em m n n n z u sa

m e g e et t s d er e hat d a s w a s w i r Seele th at igk eit e

n s z , on n r ,
n n n

e
n n, aus de elem e t i h e Z us am m e setz u g de Ko p e
r n a r sc n n n s r rs

e k l t ei e v
r ar Ko p e vers chi ed e e S eel e k e t s ei e Ph y
n orn r r n nn n

ik icht —i.e a s ul a s d i s ti ct fr m th e c m p s iti

,

”
s n .
, f th e
o n o o o on o

el em e t s i t h e b dy i s
n wh ere f u d i th e O N t e.
n o no o n n h a ur

Zeller p .8 2. , 0

1 0 7. The e s : l
t h e e em en ts. C f . no te on i r. 1 0 6.

F r. 1 0 8. d ay By
”
an d
“
by i ght hav e b ee su ppl i ed here fr
n n om

refere ces i n n Sim p l. an d Ph ilop q u t ed by D i el s FF F.

.
, o ,

1 0 9. Thr oug h E arth, et c

“
we thi nk ach el em e t w ith e n t h e co r
resp di g el em e t i
on n nd th e n ou r b dy ( Zell er p .
o
”
, an

sam e h l ds tru e f L ve
o o o an d Hat e ( i . t e f . c no on r

C f .Pl ti us 0 5 y ap a
' '
o lB 6¢ 0 k ub iyk w hk w alp p i)
n : 1 r 1 ran ror e e ev a s v ec
'
s

Y Y flfl é
‘ G’ el'
C f .a l s G eth e
vos o o

W a icht da s Au g e e h ft r
’
n s on n n a ,

D ie S ie erb l ick e ;
’
e ko t e on n nn s n n

L ag icht i d e G tt es ei g e K r a ft
’ ’
n n un s s o n ,

W ie k 6 nn t ’
un s G ot t lich es ent z ii ck en

M an i s th e m ic r c s m . o o

1 10. p erhap s th e g d th u ght s f th e m a st er s

A ll th es e th ing s : oo o o
’

d ctri
o i s h r e a s el s ewh ere a ddress i g Pa us a ia s .
ne ; E . e , , n n

F f th em elve . .th ey g w et . s u d p sych l gy i f

or o s s ro , c : o n o o ,

m y i terp r etati
n j ust ab ve b e c rrect d capabl e f s ervi g
on o o , an o n

a s th e ba s i s f a chapter i th e phil s phy f l iv i g

!
or th e n o o o n , on

p ractical bea ri g s u p cha racter f r ight d wr g thi k i g.

n on o an on n n

A ll thi g h ve fied i te t i e. c s ci us n ess .

n s a x n n : . , on o

F r. 1 1 1. D rug s p ss ibly cha rm s i s b ett er a s ug

: G r. ¢ ap uana ; o
“ ”
, s

g est ed t m e by a fr i e d . G a l e m ak es E t h e f u d er f t h e
o n n . o n o
I ta l ia s ch l f m ed ici e. C i . Bur et p
n oo o1 5. n n , .2

T h e d m i i n ver h u m a n i lls s ick ess w i ds t rm s dr u ht

o n o o n n o o
g , , ,

an d d eat h h er e p r m i s ed t Pa us a ia s wa s ea r l y i m p u t ed t
, o o n , o
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EM PEDOCLES . 87

Em p ed cles hi m s elf o ( ci .I n tro dn ctzon )

'

, p erhap s , ch iefly by vir

t ue f th es e l i es .
o n

T h e m ig h t of p eris h ed m en : G r. Ka 7 a ¢ 0¢fl é vov fl é vos d v8p 69.

S pi r it s d a d s s ha rdly p r i ss ibl w ith
o f th e e
”
eem e m e M P”
th u h
( o g th e o w rd i s s ti s us d
om e m e s pi rit
e of t h e c ura
, th e o ge
o f m a n ) , an dw uld r d r sti ll r c ra ss
o en e mo e t ra d icti
t h e co n on

w ith what E . ha s els ewh ere t ld i th e O N t e f th e o us n n a ur o

p sychic l i fe. O e w uld c j ect ur e that th e f gm e t bel g s

n o on
‘
ra n on

to th e P ifiti but f th e fact that it i s a ddress ed t

nr ca on s , or o

Pa us ania s n d n t a s th e l att er t th e iti en s f A raga .

, a o , , o c z o c s

T H E PU R I FI A C T I O N S.
Th e ncon si st y
i en c r l i i us te et s f thi s p em w ith th e
of th e e g o n o o

p h i10 5 0 p sys t
h ic em o f t h e O n N a tni s l ik e th e r el ati bet wee th e
r e , on n

t wo pa rt s ar i d s p
of P m en e
’
a c m m p l ace i t h e hi st ry f
o em , o on n o o

r th u ht
G eek o g th u h att pt s at a rec ci l iati have b ee
; an d o g em , on on n

m a d c s rv ati v ly by ur t
e, on e e B ne ( p . ra d ically by B d e ( pa s o r ro

sim ) , mat er ia ls s eem t

o ur s ca ty f a ythi g m re tha i oo n or n n o n n

g e i u s p ec ul ati
n o s . T h e w rk ev i d e t ly
on wes m u ch t O rphic d
o n o o an

P ytha g r ea t r a d iti
o ; b ut th er e s eem s
n onrea s f d ubti g it s no on or o n

g e u i e ess .
n n n

1 1 2. T he yellow A cragas : T h e r i ver b es i de th e w alls of Ag ri

g en t am .

A s g od imm or tal n ow: O rphi c l ine run s an

H appy an d bl ess ed sha lt th ou b e a god an d

“
, no l onger
a m rta l.
”
o

C f .H a rr i s on P r leg . to Study of Greek R eligion

,
o , 9 . 5 89.

C rown ed b o th with fi
ll t e s an d with flowering wrea ths : Em
p edocles
’
pa ss a ab u t t h e S ici lia citi es rem i ds e
ge o n n on o f th e

p ea s a t p r ph et wh went ab u t th e p p ul us t w s f G a l i
n -
o o o o o o n o

lee f ll wed by t h e m ultit ud es s eek i g a s i g

, o o a h eal i g n n or n

wo rd but th e s i m p l icity f th e J ew i s m re i m p ress ive than

'
o o

th e d i s p l a y f t h e Gr eek . o

F r.1 1 3 . I .e., sh ul d I b a st f m y m i ra les d m y f ll wi g

Wh y o o o c an o o n ,

wh m a g d m u ch ab v e m a k i d ? E. i f
”
o da o an so o n n , an

O rphic ( f. Bur et p . 2 3 cd hi s r efere es ) ha s h er e

n , 1 , an nc ,
88 TH E FRA G M E N T S OF EMPEDOCLES .

l ittl e o f e en v “
th e somewh at elab orat e an d s lfe -
con c o s i us hu
m ility
”
of his s ect.
1 1 5. With amp les t oat hs : cf .i r.30 .

Th e f os ar sp ir its : G r. 3G IM V6
; B urnet ( p . 269 ) ident i fi es

th es e with “
th e l
l ived g ds f th e O N tu e. on g -
o
”
o h a r

With l g h te i. e bl dsh ed f a im a l s
s au r :l ess tha .
, oo o n , no n of

fel l wm e ; it p r bably refers als to th e eati g f fl e h .

o n o o n o s C i.
f r. 1 3 6.

In off ens e : in sin , s i fully.

n

T h rice ten th ousand . .

years : G r. rp is ‘
luvp la t by s ome

in terp reted a s Zeller p . 780 . yea rs . C i. ,

B e b n th or g h tim e et c t h e d ct r i e f m et em p sych o s i s
rou , .: o n o

i E . i s p r bab l y Pythag rea

n o i rigi th u gh appa re tly o n n o n, o n

no t e ti r el y Pytha g r ea
n i f rm N é sp ecia l izzata s l a
o n n o : on o o

c erti d et erm i ati ess er i m r ig u ard a t u tti gli e s er i rga ici

n , a s o n

e g i u ge s i agl i D ei acc rding t B d e ( p . ”

n no , o o o r ro

F w A i h t th em et . H ere we ha ve m e ti
or n o r un s f th e , c : n on o

fam i l ia r f ur el em e ts d b el w f H ate bu t th e real m f

o n , an o o , o

th e Bl ess ed d th e c urs e p r
an u ced u po t h e spi r its s eem i on o n n n

c m patibl e w ith th e O N t e. M re ver s m ethi g i s

o n a ur o o , o n

n eed ed a ft er a ll f m et em p h y h i b es i d es th e r eapp ea a c e
“
or c os s r n

f th e s am e c r p r ea l el em e t s i d efi it e c m b i ati s
”
o o o n n n o n on

( B ur et p .
n th u gh perhap s Em p ed cl es d eem ed that
o o

fi
,

su i ie t . C f . t h e Buddhi s tic doct ri e f r ei ca rnati

c n nd n o n on a

ret ri bu ti . C f.a lso G om p e p .249 E.

on rz,

F r. 1 1 6. C haris : Aph r d ite. o I n th e O n N a ture ( i r. 3 5 ) E. r efers

t o th e n u w i lli g ess als n n o of Hate to su bm it to th e la w of ne

c essity .

1 1 7. Po ss ibly as a p u i sh m e t f havi g tas ted fl e h Em pe

n n or n s :
“

doc le ci t s ap ere h e ila s pi r it e g ia p erve u t alla s ede

c suo o ra n o

dei b eati m h e cede d a ll a t e ta i e acc sté i p i cib i

, a c n o n z on o rn ur

agl i labbri [ i f . e t r o d ess er e a rbus t

c . r p es ce u ccell o n a o, , o,

fanci ull e gi vi etta. B d e p . 47.

o o n
”
o r ro, 1

S l g as m
o on li th e O rphic bel i ef] han n t sev eredn as o
c m p l et ely hi s br th erh
o d w ith p l a ts d a im a ls t real
o oo n an n no
,

i ed th e di s ti cti v e m a rk s n d att ri bu t e
z n f h is h u m a ity h e a s o n ,

W 11 sa y with Em p ed l es
I oc
90 TH E FRA G MEN T S OF EMPED O C L E S .

1 22 . Th e e r : i.e.
, in th e j yless lan d
o , th e
“
r fed ca ve thi s
oo ,
”

ea rth .

Virgin o f th e Sun : th e

Th e p ers ages that f ll w e feminin e. on o o ar E. e vi de tly n

im itat es th e cata l g u e f N ym ph s i I L 2 39 o o n

$ 0
”
fi
p gm I k
’
!
‘
a tu
’

m re
,
G &Xeui Te K vp o é x q fi '
re
’

1 25 . Thi s refers p erhap s t th e pa ss ag e fr m th e l i fe f

, , o o o th e
blessed t th e ( r el ative) d eat h thi s ea rth wh ere s uls
o on , o ar e

wrapped
i u n fam i l ia r t u i s f t h e fl e h ( i .
“ ”
n n c o s r

an d hav e a hap l ess ex i s t en c e.

1 26 . T hi s refers t o m etem p sych os is .

1 27 . Th e worthies t dwellings hav e p roceeded in : t
f o r h ose wh o
th ei r p ifit i ; expa ded fr om th e co t ext wh ere th e ri g
ur ca on n n o

i a l pass ag e i s f u d ( i A el.na t. . X I I q u t ed by D i els

n o n n ah , , o ,

w
l na w f in 7 0 5
‘
Ka i h dp la'm v elm
’
PPF ) : 61s E ,
r y o x

i év p er a y yo c, k éor ra 7 lm
d
’
cl p é v és 15 1 0 1» 1) M ia:
'
d p an rov £ a tf
‘

fi
,

9d “ e5 ei 5
“
¢ v7 61’, 5 d¢ M V. E. c ceived th e p l ants as ha vi
on ng

so uls a fa , n cy n o t con fid t ne o a ti q u ity.

n

1 28. si
A Go en A ge eem n com ld
patibl e with th e b i ol ogy f th e s o

O h N a tu re bu t
ci . B ur t
ne (p. wh thi k s it t b e e
, o n o t

ferred t th e tim e wh e H ate w j ust b egin i g t sepa rate

o n as n n o

th e el em e t s . n

Kyd im pe ifition o f up roar as in b attl e.

o os : rson ca ,

U m i ed b l d th e fi
n gu e i s from un m ix ed wi e which
x oo : r n , ,

a s su ch i s thick d da rk .
, an

1 29.
“
i i l iter m enti s infi
Sm nitam vim ( p h ilosop h i sci l i cet n o vati s ) n

P a rm e i d es p edi t f . X ii 6 6p m d é &m p ém
’
‘
n ra ca r 2 e ora e f e r ra r ra e

3 5 w X. u d e p p et c ur
e “ KT u ll i P m e idem hic e p i i
n a ar n onn ar n r s c

a rb it rati su t . e dub i um c ur Pyth g e qu ater redivi vi

n n c a o ra

m e ti n [ or efere c e t Pytha g ras f ur tim es r et urn ed t

“
a n o o , o o

l i fe ] facta s it. D i els P PF . B t Burn et ( p

” ”
c j ee , u . on

t uri g that E. i s sti ll s pe k in g o f th e Golden A ge thi k s the

n a , n
“
sup rem e m an is O rph eus . ”

I n ten or twen ty huma n ag es : cf. pa raph ras e o f D iels

( F F F ) ub i su mm a vi m e t em i t en derat faci l e singula q u e
° “
n n , a
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF E M PEDOCLES . 9 1

cum q ue s ive d e em s i ve vigi

c nti h om in um saeculis fib e ant p er
”
sp icere so leb at .

1 32 . hi s attem pt t i nterp ret ha rm o i ously a ll th e

Bo drero in o n

th ou ht s
g p ed cl es exp lai s thi s pa ss age w ith refere ce
o f Em o n n

t w hat ha s g n e b ef r e i t h e O N tu e a s f oll ws Fel ic e “

o o o n h a r o :

c lu i h e h a u cos i p erfetta c m po s izi e d i el em e ti d a

o c na o on n

p ter c m p re d ere l a at ura d egl i D ei ; m i s ero ch i p e l a

o o n n r

p verta d elle p r p r i e r i so rs e s eg u e le c red enz e su p ers ti i s e

o o ,
z o

e c m un i
”
o (p.

F r. 1 34. t Burnet think s that E. i s h ere too

C f . i r. 29 an d n o e.

s p ea i S ph er e; b ut th e l a s t l i es s eem out o f p l ace

k n g o f th e n

in su ch a co ecti ev e th o u gh we r eca ll that E .ha s v ag u ely

nn on , n

n am ed th e Sph ere G d ( i . “
o
”
r

1 35 . B road -
rn h ng
’

E th er, et c.: den weithi n h errs ch en den Feu er

a eth er un d d en u erm essl ich en
n H irn m el glan . s D i els F V .
z
”
,

C i .n o te to f r.3 8.

B in o f s laug h ter : k i ll i ng
ani m als . of C f . ir. 1 37 an d 1 1 5.
Th e r ea d er eed ha rdly b e r em i d ed o f
n n th e O rphic i n terd ict
a gai s t eati g an im a l f o d.
n n o

F r. 1 38. As phi los oph er p l aced l i fe an d s oul in th e b loo d [ct.

o ur
'

f .
r it wa s n t u at ura l f h im t s p eak f dra w i g th e
o nn or o o
‘
n

D i els PPF . T h e pa ssa g e s eem s t

, refer eith er t o o

t h e dr ai n i g s c pi g u p i t a br z e v ess el f th e bl d
n or oo n n o on o oo

o f sl a u g ht er ed a i m al s t c u tti g th ei r th roat s w ith a

n or o n

ifi
,

sacr ial k n i fe f bron e.

c o z

F r. 1 39. C f.no e on f r.1 1 7. t

Fr. 1 40 . F or th e p rob ab le r ea s on o f thi s i j u nction
n c i . i r . 1 27 .

1 41 . Afam i l ia r Pythag rean mm andment th e m ea i ng o f

o co , on n

which s ch l a rs hav e ff ered v iety f su gg es ti s B d e

o o a ar o on . o r ro
p
( .1 49 ) d th ers c an ect it w ith t h e d ct r i e
o f m et em
onn o n o

p sych s i s ( f. f . 1 39
o c Bur et ( p . 0 4) w ell c m pa r es it
r , n 1 o

( d k i dr ed Pyt hag rea rul es ) t t h e b iza rr e tab s f

an n o n o oo o

s avag es . P ss i bly th er e w a s s m e fa i ed a ss ciati ba s ed

o o nc o o n,

on s hap e w ith t h e egg ( a s E. l ik e ed l i ves t egg s i f .

, n o o n r

whi h a s m y b e g ath er ed fr m Plu ta r ch w h eld by O rphi es

c , a o , as

an d Pythag r ea s t b e ta bo o p erhap s a s b ei g t h e p r i cip le

n o o, n n
 THE FRA G MEN T S OF EMPEDOCLE S .

of l i fe ( ci. H a rr1 son , P r oleg . t o Stud y of G reek R eligion , p.

F r. 1 42 .
“
e tiam s e sus n in cert us, u t rum I v i s o H ecat es r eg a (
et n cf .

f r. 1 3 5 , o p p o n an t u r an q uatt uo r elem e t u de e l n a, n x c u su s

s it scelest us ( cf . f r. 1 1 5 , D i els , PPF .

F r. 1 43 . Sco oj
'

nng : G r. r a ué vr ‘
’

,
‘
c u tti g i e wat er f p urpo s es of
n ,
’
. .
, or

c er em ial lust ratio

on n ( f o which br n e v ess els w er e reg u
r o z

l ly em p l yed
ar o .

Fr. 1 44. George H erb ert us es th e s am e fi

gu re s om e wh ere in hi s
p o em s.
F r. 1 45 . E vil doing s : p resu m ably s uch i a s r eferred t o ab ove “
s n
”

which d m s uls t oo o o

b e b rn th rou gh ti m e
“
o

I n v a r i us s ha p es f m rta l k i d w hich chan g e

o o o n

E ver d ev er path s f t r ubl us l i fe

”
an F 1 5 o o o . r. 1 .

F r. 1 46 7 . T h e
-
l as t w rds l eft o us o f th e a ll t oo f ew on th e t ra sn

m g i rati on o f th e s u l o .

F r. 1 48. T hi s d es o n ot refer to
“
mo th er ea rth bu t t th e h u m a o n

fib fi
,

b dyo ,
“
7 5 T ‘ E vx t F GPLKG ffl eVO V 5n 0
( Pl u t Q e t C viv.
d
”
. ua s . an

V 8 , 2, p .683 E [p os t f r. qu t ed by D i el s PPF )
o , .

F r. 1 49. O f air.

F r. 1 5 1 . O f Aph r dite. o

F r. 1 5 2 . P res erved in A i r st tle s P etic s

o
’
o , 21 , qu ted by D i els
o , PPF .

F r. 1 5 3 . G r.Ba v fia very ra re w r d mp l
av
,
’
o :
“
a u es : 6
‘
1s Ka i x o its r ap
av c
”

H e y h q u t ed by D i els
”
T h r eaoick e . i s c .
, o , PPF .

F r. 1 s3a . D i els ( F V ) t ra sl at es th e d x g raph er I s i eben n o o :

“
n m al
s i eb e T age wi d de E m b y ( einer G liedem g
n n r f r o s n na ch )
d n rchg eb ildet.