Course Outline

Course Title: Instrumentation
Course Code: MeLS 304

Credit Hours: 2
Lecture: 2 hour/week
Prerequisite: Introduction to medical laboratory
Instructor:
Course objective:
At the end of this course students will be able to:
- Know the scope of laboratory instrumentation in clinical laboratory science
- Discuss operation feature of micropipette
- Describe how radiation interacts with matter
- Explain the measurement principle of different spectrophotometers
- Discuss the measurement principle of different electrochemical
techniques
- Discuss the principle of radioactive detection and safety issues
- Explain the separation principle of electrophoresis
- Clarify the analytical technique and principle of chromatographs
- Discuss the instrument design, principle and application of cell counting
automations
- Explain the principle of laboratory automation
Course description:
The principle, procedural note and applications of different instrumentation
will be discussed. The following topics will be covered this course; general
introduction to laboratory instrumentation, micropipettes, spectroscopic
techniques, electrochemical techniques, radiometry, electrophoresis,
chromatography, cell counting automations and general laboratory
automation.
Chapter outline:
1. General Introduction to Laboratory Instrumentation [1.0]]
2. Operation and Functional Verification of Automated Micropipettes [1.5]
2.1. Operating procedure
2.1. Pipetting techniques
2.2. Pipette troubleshooting
2.3. General working remarks
2.4. Principles of inspection and calibration
3. Principles and application of Spectroscopic Techniques [10 hrs]
3.1. Basics of electromagnetic radiation [1.0 hr]
3.1.1.Introduction
3.1.2.Interaction of radiation Vs. matter
3.2. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer [2.0]
1
3.2.1.Introduction
3.2.2. Essential Instrumentation
3.2.3.Performance verification
3.3. Basic features of manual Vs. automated spectrophotometers [1.0]
3.3.1.Unpacking and priming of instruments
3.4. Atomic Spectroscopy [3.0]
3.4.1.Atomic absorption spectroscopy
3.4.2.Flame emission spectroscopy
3.4.3.Atomic fluorescent spectroscopy
3.5. Introduction to Fluorometer [1.0]
3.5.1.Instrumentation and Principle of measurement
3.6. Turbidimetric and Nephelometric techniques [1.0]
3.6.1.Instrumentation and principle of measurement
3.6.2.Important remarks of measurement
3.7. Reflectance spectrophotometer [1.0]
3.7.1.Instrumentation and principle of measurement
3.7.2.Important remarks of measurement
4. Electrochemical Techniques [4.0]
4.1. pH meter: principle, instrumentation and care [1.5]
4.1.1.Principle of pH measurement
4.1.2.Instrumentation
4.1.3.General operating principle
4.2. Ion-selective electrode [1.5]
4.2.1.Introduction
4.2.2.Measurement principle
4.2.3.Instrumentation
4.3. Biosensors [0.5]
4.3.1.Introduction
4.3.2.Biochemical principle and application
5. Radiochemistry and Radiometry [1.5]
5.1. Introduction to Radiometry and it application
5.2. Nuclear structure and nuclear reaction
5.3. Principle of radiometry and instrumentation
5.4. Safety precautions
6. Electrophoresis [2.5]
6.1. Introduction to electrophoresis
6.2. Principle and application
6.3. Apparatus and instrumentation
6.3.1.Gel electrophoresis
6.3.2.SDS-PAGE
2
6.4. Detection and quantization
6.5. Isoelectric focusing , basic concept
7. Chromatography [6]
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Principle of chromatographic techniques
7.2.1.Ion exchange
7.2.2.Gel filtration
7.2.3.Affinity
7.2.4.Adsoption
7.3. Automated chromatography
7.3.1.Gas chromatography
7.3.2.High performance liquid chromatography
7.4. Planar chromatography
8. Cell Counting automations [5]
8.1. Automated Hematology analyzers [2.5]
8.1.1.Introduction
8.1.2.Sources of parameters
8.1.3.Principle of automation
8.1.3.1. Electrical Resistance
8.1.3.2. Optical Detection
8.1.3.3. Radio Frequency
8.1.3.4. Hydrodynamic focusing
8.1.4.Interpretation of histograms and scattergrams
8.1.5.Common errors
8.1.6.Quality Control
8.2. Flowcytometry [2.5]
8.2.1.Basic concept
8.2.2.Essential components
8.2.2.1. Illumination
8.2.2.2. Fluidics
8.2.2.3. Optics
8.2.2.4. Detectors
8.2.2.5. Interpretation of flow data
9. General Laboratory Automation [1.0]
3
References:
 Burtis CA, A.E., Tietz fundamental of clinical chemistry. 5 ed. 2001, USA: W.B.
sounders
 Lecture note series on Laboratory Instrumentation, Carter center, 2008.
 Wendy Arneson and Jean Brickell. Clinical chemistry, a laboratory perspective,
2007. USA, by F. A Davis company.
 Analytical Biochemistry , 3rd ed. David J.Home and Hazel Peck
 Principles and practice of analytical chemistry. F.W.Fifild and D.Kealey
 Any Instrument users’ manuals (operation guideline)
Teaching Methods:
 Lecture
 Demonstration
 Presentation and group discussion
 Laboratory practice
 Audiovisual
Assessment Method:
 Assignment & Quiz (10%)
 Laboratory report (10%)
 Practical examination (20%)
 Mid examination (20%)
 Final examination (40%)
Time Allocation: 32 theoretical. [64 contact hours (16 Theory & 48 laboratory)
Grading: Fixed scale
Type of Examination:
Theory:
 Multiple choice questions, Short answers, Essays (minimum)
 Matching, Completion and True or false (Optional)
Practical:
 Display (spotter)
 Demonstration of Lab procedures
 Identification
Oral examination

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Course Title: Instrumentation

Course Code: MeLS 304

Grading: Fixed scale

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