Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity

425.
rpkd wNHdi
(A)(1).s,a¨ï ;dmlhla
(a)ksoyfia jd;fha t,a,d we;súg. 429.A yd B hkq tlu f,dayhlska ;ekQ >k jia;= folls' A hkq
^b&uq¿ukskua c,h ;=< .s,j a d we;súg tys h;=r oud ál wrh a jk f.da,hla jk w;r B hkq me;a;l È. a jk iu
fõ,djla ;enQ miq isÿjk foa fya;= olajñka meyeos,s >klhls' jia;= foflau mDIAG j, iajNdjh tlu fõ' fuu
lrkak. jia;= fol tlu WIaK;ajhlg r;a fldg iudk ;;a;j a
hgf;a isi,
s a ùug i,iajk ,§' jia;= fofla"
(2)240Vfjda,à
a h;djhla hgf;a l%h
s dlrk .s,¨
a ï ;dmlhla ^1& ;dmh ydks ùfï wdrïNl iS>%;d
5cm3s-1 wkjr; iS>%;djhlska .,d hk m%jdylh ^2& WIaK;ajh my< neiSfï wdrïNl iS>;
% d myokak'
uq¿ukskau .s,j
a d we;' ;dmlfha h;=r oeuQ miq c,
0
m%jdyfha 5 C WIaK;aj ke.aula ksÍlaIKhla l< 430.
-3
yelsfõ' c,fha >k;ajh 1000kgm yd úYsIg a ;dm (1) jia;j = lska mßirhg ;dmh ydks jk l%u i|yka
-10 -1
lrkak'
Odß;djh 4200JK C fõ' (2) r;a jQ jia;j = la "ixjykh" u.ska isi, s a jk whqre
(a).s,¨
a ï ;dmlfha ld¾hlaIu;djh 80]la úg tys meyeÈ,s lrkak'
laIu;djh fldmuKo@ (3) jdhqf.da,fha ixjykfhka isi, s a ùug t,a,d we;s
jia;=jlska mßirhg ;dmh ydksùfï iS>; % djh r|d
mj;sk idOl fudkjdo@
02. isis,kh (4) ;dmh ydksùfï iS.; % djh iy isis,a ùfï iS>; % djh
hkqfjka l=ula woyia flf¾o@
(5) ksõgkaf.a isi, s k kshuh ,shd olajkak' th j,x.=
Bronze Wings jk ;;a;j a i|yka lrkak'
(6) isi,s a ùfï iS>%;djh iy wu;r WIaK;ajh w;r
426. WIAK;ajhl mj;sk mDIaÀl j¾.M,h A jk jia;=jla R iïnkaOh f.dvk.kak'
WIaK;ajhl we;s mßirhl ;nd we;' ksõgka isis,k (7) "isi,s k jl%hla" hkqfjka l=ula woyia flf¾o@ tys
kshuhg wkqj jia;=fjka mßirhg ;dmh ydksùfï wkqlu % Kfhka l=ula ksrEmKh flf¾o@
% djh" dQ/dt=kA(-R) u.ska ,nd foa' fuu iólrKfha
iS>;
K ksh;h iïnkaOj lr we;s my; m%ldY i,lkak' th"
Silver Wings
^a & jia; =fõ WIaK ;aj h ta llhla úg tys tal l
0 -1
j¾.M,hlska ;dmh ydksùfï iS>; % djhhs' 431.;dm Odß;djh 80 J C jQ le,ß ógrhla ;=, m<uqj c,h
^b& jia;f = õ mDIaÀl iajNdjh u; r`Þ mj;S' 200g o wk;=rej f;,a j¾.hlska 160g o wvx.= fõ' øj
-2 0 -1
^c& Wm C tall u.ska bÈßm;a l< yel' foflys mßud iudkh' le,ß ógrh;a" tys wka;¾.; foa;a
jgmsgdjg jvd jeä tlu WIaK;ajhl jQ úg isi, s a ùfï
ñka ksjerÈ jkafka” iS>; s j,ska 0.50Cs-1 iy 0.30Cs-1 fõ' f;,aj, ú';d'Od'
% d ms<f
^1& a,b ^2& b,c ^3& a,c jkafka,
^4& a,b,c ^5& ish,a, wi;Hhs'
^c,fha ú';d'Od' 4200 J kg-1 K-1&
427.ksõgka isi,
s k kshuh ms<snoj lr we;s my; m%ldY
i,lkak' ^1& (5/3)(80+0.2×4200)-80 Jkg-1 k-1
0.16
^a& r;a jQ jia;j
= lska ;dmh ydksùfï iS>;% djh" jia;=j iy
mßirh w;r w;sßla; WIaK;ajhg wkqf,dau f,i ^2& (5/3)(80+0.16×4200)-80 Jkg-1 k-1
iudkqmd;sl fõ' 0.2
^b& kshuh j,x.= jkafka jia;f = jka ;dmh lD; ixjykh
hgf;a ydks jk úg muKs' ^3& (5/3)(80+0.16×4200)+80 Jkg-1 k-1
0.2
^c& r;a jQ jia;j = lska ;dm ydksùfï iS>; % djh tys mDIaG
j¾.M,hg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;slh"
^4& (5/3)(80-0.2×4200)-80 Jkg-1 k-1
0.16
ñka ksjerÈ jkafka,
(1) a (2) b (3) a,b (4) a,c (5)a,b,c (5/3)(80-0.2×4200)+80 -1 -1
^5& Jkg k
0.16
428.i¾jiu le,ßóg¾ follg ouk ,o fjkia øj folla
i¾jiu mßir ;;a;j a hgf;a isi,A jk úg" hï ksYÑa ; 432.f.da,hla" >klhla iy ;=kS jD;a;dldr ;yvqjla tlu
WIaK;ajhl§ tajdfha isi,
s k iS>;
% djhka iudk jkafka øjHhlska ;kd we;s w;r tlu ialkaOhlska hql;
a fõ' fïjd
my; ±lafjk ljr wjiA:dfõ§ o@ ish,a, tlu WIaK;ajhlg r;alr tlu mßirhl t,ajd
we;' ish,af,au i¾jiu mDIaÀl iajNdjhka mj;S kï"
^a& øj foflka iudk ialkaOhka Ndú;d l< úg.
^b& øj fofla wdrïNl WIaK;aj iudk jQ úg. ^1& f.da,h" wjidkhg ldur WIaK;ajhg m;afõ'
^c& øj fofla ;dm Odß;d iudk jQ úg. ^2& >klh" wjidkhg ldur WIaK;ajhg m;afõ'
^3& ;yvqj" wjidkhg ldur WIaK;ajhg m;afõ'
ñka ksjerÈ jkafka, ^4& ish,a,u tljr ldur WIaK;ajhg m;afõ'
^1& a muKls' ^2& b muKls. ^5& iaÓr ms<;
s r
= la ,ndÈh fkdyel'
^3& c muKls' ^4& a iy b muKls.
^5& b iy c muKls.
Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela
10
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity
437.le,ßógrhla ;=< fok ,o c, ialkaOhla we;' 90W
433.A yd B hkq m;=f,a wrh r, Wi h o jQ is,k
s v
a rdldr f,day ;dmlhla c,fha .s,j
a Q úg c,fha WIaK;ajh by< f.dia
n÷ka folls' C yd D hkq tu f,dayfhkau iE¥ m;=f,a wrh 350C l wkjr; w.hlg m;afõ' 180W ;dmlhla Ndú;d
2r o" Wi 2h o jQ is,k a rdldr n÷ka folls' A yd C msg;
s v 0
lf<a kï wkjr; WIaK;ajh 45 C fõ' ldur WIaK;ajh
mDIaG l¿ mdáka mdg lr we;' B yd D ys msg; mDIaG Tmoud fldmuK o @
we;' n÷ka y;ru ;dm mßjdrl mDIaGhla u; ;nd tlu
WIaK;ajhg r;a l< c,fhka mqrjd ;dm mßjdrl mshka ^1& 10 C
0
^2& 15 C
0 0
^3& 20 C
j,ska jik ,§' wdrïNl isi, s k iS>;
% d ms<f
s j,ska Wmßu yd 0
^4& 25 C
0
^5& 30 C
wju jkqfha"

^1& A,D (2001-36)

^2& B,C 438.;dm Odß;d w;r wkqmd;h 1(4 jq jia;= folla ldur
^3& D,A WIAK;ajhg jvd wxYl lsym s hla by< WIAK;ajhlg r;alr
^4& C,B isi,
s a ùug bv yrsk ,oS' hï fydfyd;l tajdfha WIAK;aj
^5& C,D A B C D
my; jeàfï iS>; % djhka iudk kï tajdfha ;dm ydksùfï
iS>;% d w;r wkqmd;h jkqfha,
434.tlu f,dayfhka ;kk ,o ;=kS ì;a;s iys; l=yr f.da,hl
^1& 1(1 ^2& 1(2 ^3& 1(4
iy l=yr >klhl mDIaÀl j._M, iudk jk w;r mDIaÀl
iajNdjhka i¾jiu fõ' tlu WIaK;ajhl mj;sk WKqiïq ^4& 2(1 ^5& 4(1
c,fhka fï folu mqrjd tlu mßir ;;aj hgf;a isi,
s a (2002-20)
ùug i,iajd we;' wdrïNfha§"
rpkd wNHdi
(1)f.da,fhka ;dmh ydks ùfï iS>;% djh" >klfha tu
w.hg jvd wvqh's 439.wrhhka r iy 2r jk l¿ meye;s f,day f.da, folla tlu
(2)f.da,fhka ;dmh ydks ùfï iS>;% djh" >klfha tu WIaK;ajhlg r;alr ksoyfia isi, s a ùug yelsjk fia
w.hg jvd jeähs' t,a,d we;' isi,
s a ùu wdrïNfha §"
(3)f.da,fhka ;dmh ydks ùfï iS>;% djh" >klfha
tu w.hg iudkhs' (1) ;dmh ydksùfï iS>;
% d w;r wkqmd;ho"
(4)f.da,fhka WIaK;ajh neiSfï iS>%;djh" >klfha (2) WIaK;ajh wvqùfï iS>;% d w;r wkqmd;h o fidhkak.
tu w.hg jvd jeähs'
(5)f.da,fha WIaK;ajh neiSfï iS.;
% djh" >klfha tu
w.hg iudkhs'
Gold Wings
435.tlu øjH j,ska ;kk ,o iudk mßudK j,ska hq;a i¾jiu
mDIaÀl iajNdjhka iys; f,dayf.da, folla tlu 440.iudk wr we;s iudk mDIaÀl iajNdjhka iys; >k iy
WIaK;ajhlg r;a lr tlu mßirfha we;s úg hï l=yr ;U f.da, folla by< WIaK;ajhlg r;alr tlu
wjia:djl tajdfha WIaK;aj neiSfï iS>;
% d iudk fõ' my; mßirfha isi,s a ùug ;nd we;' tajdfha WIaK;ajh wvqùfï
m%ldY i,lkak'
% djh ^R& wu;r WIaK;ajh  iuÕ úp,kh ùu jvd
iS>;
^a& øjH fofla úYsIag ;dm Odß;d iudk fõ' ksjerÈj fmfkkafka my; l=uk m%i: a drfhkao@
^b& f.da, fofla ;dm Odß;d iudk fõ'
^c& øjH j, úYsIg a ;dm Odß;d tajdfha >k;aj j,g R R R
wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'
^d& øjH j, úYsIg a ;dm Odß;d tajdfha >k;aj j,g
m%;f
s ,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'
  
ñka ksjerÈ jkafka” ^1& ^2& ^3&
^1& a yd b muKls. ^2& c muKls' ^3& b,c,d muKls' R R
^4& a,b,c muKls' ^5& by; ish,a,u'

436.jgmsgdj iuÕ ;dm yqjudrejla isÿ fkdjk úg jia;j

= lg
;dmh iemhSfï iS>%;djh ^Q/t& iy tys WIaK;ajh
 
a drh jkafka,
fjkiaùfï iS>%;djh w;r m%i;
t t t ^4& ^5&

441.ksh; WIaK;ajh 0 jk mßirhl jia;=jla isis,a fõ' th

ksõgkaf.a isis,k kshuh ms<m s Èk nj i,lkak' tys
WIaK;ajh  yd ld,h t w;r m%ia:drh wÈk ,§' pl%h u;
(1) (Q/t) (2) (Q/t) (3) (Q/t)
P(=2), Q(=1) ,laIHj,g iam¾Il w¢k ,§' rEmfha
t t olajd we;s mßÈ fuu iam¾Il t wlaIh iu. 1 yd 2 fldaK
idoh

(4) (Q/t) (5) (Q/t)

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

11
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity
tan2 1 - 0 tan2 2 - 0 0
445.WIaK;ajh 30 C ys mj;sk ldurhl t,a,d we;s WKqiqï
(1) = (2) =
tan1 2 - 1 tan1 1 - 0 jia;=jl WIaK;ajh 600C isg 500C olajd isis,a ùug
ñks;a;= 5 la .; fõ tu ;;a;aj hgf;au jia;=fõ
tan2 1 tan2 2
(3) = (4) = WIaK;ajh 440C isg 360C olajd ;j ÿrg;a isis,a úug
tan1 2 tan1 1  .;jk ld,h l=ula o @
 -
(5) tan1- tan2 = 1 0 2 P
2 - 0 ^1& ñks;a;= 10 ^2& ñks;a;= 12.5 (3) ñks;a;= 15
1 Q
^4& ñks;;a = 20 ^5& ñks;a;= 25
0 (2020-34)
2 1
t
446.iudk c, m%udK iys; A iy B kï i¾jiu ;=kS f,day
s j,ska θ1,θ2ydθ3 WIaK;ajj, we;s m1,m2ydm3 Wkq c,
442.ms<f
Ndck folla i¾jiu .Dy úoHQ;a ;dml folla u.ska r;a
ialkaOhka tl tflys m c, ialkaOhla wvx.= i¾jiu lrkq ,efí' rEmfha fmfkk mßÈ AiyB Ndck fol
Ndck ;=klg tl;= lrkq ,nkafka iudk θ0 wjidk s j,ska úYd, f,day (M) l=Üáhla iy úYd, ,S (W)
ms<f
WIaK;ajhla ,efnk f,ih' bkamiq Ndck isi,s a ùug yßkq l=Üáhla u; ;nd we;' § we;s jl% w;=frka AiyB ;=< we;s
,efí' Ndck ;=k i`oyd isi,
s k jl% rEmfha fmkajd we;' c,fha WIaK;ajh () ld,h(t) iu. fjkia jk wdldrh
tla tla Ndckfhka ;dmh ydks ùfï iS>; % d tlu kï, jvd;a fyd|ska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka"
θ

θ1
A B
m1,θ1
m2,θ2
m3,θ3
W
t
(1) m1<m2<m3 iy θ1<θ2<θ3   
(2) m1<m2<m3 iy θ1>θ2>θ3 A A A
100 100 100
(3) m1>m2>m3 iy θ1<θ2<θ3
(4) m1>m2>m3 iy θ1>θ2>θ3 B B B
(5) m1=m2=m3 iy θ1=θ2=θ3
(2010-56) t t t
0 0 0
0 0 ^1& ^2& ^3&
443.30 C jQ ldurhla ;=< we;s le,ßógrhla ;=< 65 C  
0 0
WIaK;ajfha øjhla mj;S tys WIAK;ajh 65 C isg 55 C A AB
0 100 100
olajd isi,
s a ùug ñks;; a = 5.0 l ld<hla .; úh' øjh 55 C B
0
isg 45 C olajd isi,
s a ùu i|yd .;jk ld,h fldmuK o"

^1&ñks;a;= 5.0 ^2& ñks;a;= 6.5 ^3& ñks;a;= 7.5

0 t 0 t
^4& ñks;a;= 8.0 ^5& ñks;a;= 10.0 ^4& ^5& (2003-37)

rpkd wNHdi
444.mßm: ;yvqjlg iú l< ix.Dys; ^IC& mßm:hl yrialvla
rEmfha fmkajd we;' IC ys ^C& uOHh 447.
60 W jQ laIu;djla ;dmh f,i W;ai¾cKh lrhs' s k kshuh i|yka lrkak.
(1)ksõgkaf.a isi,
-1 -1
uOHh ;dm ikakdhl;dj 6Wm K jQ øjHhlska wdjrKh
fldg we;' ;dmh .,k osYdj B;,j,ska fmkajd we;. (2) mßirfha WIa K ;a j hg jvd wxYl ls y s m hla jeä
WIAK;ajhlg r;a lrk ,o wrh a jk f.da,hla ksh;
IC WIaK;aj l=àrhla ;=, t,a,d we;' f.da,h idod we;s
1mm
C øjHfha >k;ajh o" úYsIag ;dm Odß;dj c o kï
0
wdrïNfha§ f.da,fha WIAK;ajh my< neiSfï iS>%;djh
90C
I/ac g iudkqmd;sl nj fmkajkak.

IC ys by< mDIAGh lD; ixjykh u.ska isi, s a lrkq ,efí'

2
by< mDIAGfha j¾.M,h 10 cm o uOHfha isg by< mDIAGhg
we;s ÿr 1 mm o fõ' uOHh 90 oC ys mj;ajd .ekSug kï" by<
mDIaGh ;nd .; hq;= WIAK;ajh l=ula o@

0 0 0
^1& 70 C ^2& 80 C ^3& 89.9 C
0 0
^4& 91 C ^5& 100 C
(2006-45)
Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela
12
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity
(3)rEmfha ±lafjk A f.da,fha wrh yd B >klfha me;a;l È.
449..s,¨
a ï ;dmlhla c,h ;=<g fkdoud tys iùph oeuQ úg th
afõ' mßir WIaK;ajh 10Cfõ' 10C jk tlu WIaK;ajfhka
b;d blaukg oeù hhs' tfy;a th c,h ;=< ;sfnk úg
s a fõ.
mgka f.k jia;= fol jd;fha isi, idudkH f,i l%h s d lrhs' fuu m%ldYh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
fuu ;dmlh c,h kegùu i|yd Ndú;d lrk úg tys
mDIaGh ,nd .kakd Wmßu WIaK;ajh l=ulao@

a a

(a)tla tla jia;f

= jka ;dmh bj;a ùfï iS>; % djh r|d mj;sk 1000C 00 C
lreKq fudkjdo@
(b)b ys mDIaÀl lafIa;M
% ,h l=ulao@ B ys mDIaÀl lafIa;M
% ,h
l=ulao@
(c)iajNdúl úfudapl;dj e kï o" mDIaG j, iajNdjh tlu 0.25 m
kïo wdrïNl ;dmh ydksùfï iS>; % djh w;r wkqmd;h rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ È.1m iy yrialv l a f I a ; % M , h
R1:R2=44:21 nj fmkajkak' 0.01m2 jQ wdjrKh lrk ,o taldldr jdfka oKavl tla
0 0
fl<jrla 100 C ys ;nd we;s w;r wfkla fl<jr 0 C ys
;nd we;'
(d)WIaK;ajh neiSfï iS>;
% d n1 yd n2 kï n1:n2=1:2 nj
fmkajkak. rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ oKafâ 100 0C fl<jfrys isg 0.25
m ÿrlska isyk
s a ;õjla lmd th ;=<g me;,s 200W úÿ,s
(e)450C ys ;dmh ydksùfï iS>;
% djh R3 kï 600C § B ys ;dmk uQ,djhjhla we;=,a fldg ;dmk uQ,djhjh iy oKav
;dmh ydksùfï iS>%;djh 21R3/22 nj fmkajkak' w;r fyd| ;dmk iam¾Ylhla ;sîu iy;sl lsru s i|yd isÿr
iïmQ¾Kfhkau riÈfhka mqrjkq ,efí' ;dmk uQ,djhjfha
iaúph oud moaO;sh wkjr; wjia:djg t<Uqkq miq uQ,djhj
mDIaGfhys WIaK;ajh .Kkh lrkak' riÈh mßmQ¾K ;dm
miq.h
s úNd. rpkd ikakdhlhla f,i Wml,amkh lrkak'
448.;dm ikakdhl;dj w¾: olajkak'rEmfha fmkajd we;s
(1991-03)
450.;dm ikakdhl;dj 2.1  10 Wm K jQ øjHhlska idok ,o
2 -1 -1
whqßka ;dm ikakdhl;dj K1 jQ f,dayhlska idod we;s
>klu d1 jQ ;yvqjla ;dm ikakdhl;djh K2 jQ fjk;a is,k
s va rdldr yqud, fndhsf,arejlg >klu 1cm iy
2 2
f,dayhlska idod we;s >klu d2 jQ fjk;a ;yvqjla iu. yrialv j¾.M,h 10 cm jQ jD;a;dldr me;,s m;=,la we;'
wdia;rKh lr we;af;a tu ;yvq folgu iudk yrialv fndhsf,arefõ m;=< taldldr jdhq odylhlska r;a lrkq
0
j¾.M,hka ,efnk mßÈh' wkjr; wjia:dfõ oS ixhql; a ,efí' wkjrk wjia:dfõ oS fndhsf,arej 100 Cys yqud,h
s j,ska 1 iy 2
-1
;yvqfõ by, iy my, mDIaGhka ms<f 40gs iS>; % djlska ksmojhs' mrsirhg jk ;dm ydksh
WIaK;ajhkays ^1<2) mj;sk úg ;yvqfõ tall j¾.M,hla fkdi,ld yersh yel'
yryd ;dmh .,d hEfï YS>%;djh (R) my; olajd we;s
whqßka ,súh yels nj fmkajkak' (i) odylfha oe,af,a WIaK;ajh iy fndhsf,arefõ
m;=f,ys ndysr mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh tl iudk hehs
2-1 Wml,a m kh lr oe,a f ,a WIa K ;a j h .Kkh
R= lrkak'
d1/K1+d2/K2
c,fha jdIaml
S rKfha úYsIG
a .=m;
a ;dmh
K2
= 2.27  10 Jkg
6 -1

d2
(ii) os.
s = ld,hla Ndú;fhka miqj fndhsf,arefõ m;=f,a
d1 we;=<; mDIaGfha taldldr ;=kS øjH ia:rhla iEfoa'
-1
fï fya;f % dj 20gs olajd
= jka yqud,h ksmoùfï iS>;
K1 wvq fõ' ia:rfha >klu 0.1cm kï tys ;dm
ikakdhl;dj .Kkh lrkak' ^.Kkh lsru S i|yd
is,skavrdldr yevhlska hq;a u< fkdnef|k jdfka iïu; iQ;% muKla Ndú; lrkak'&
fla;,hl m;=f,a my< mDIaGh ;=kS we¨ñkshï ;yvqjlska
wdia;rKh lr we;af;a tu ;yvqfõ yrialv j¾.M,h (iii) by; i|yka l< øjH ia:rh bj;a lr yqud,
jdfka m;=f,a yrialv j¾.M,h iu. iudk jk mßÈ h' fndhsf,arej WKq c,h ksmojk cklhla f,i
fjkia ls rS u g wjYHj we;ehs is; ka k' fuu
jdfka m;=f,a iy we¨ñkshï ;yvqfõ >klï ms<fs j,ska 0.5 0
cklfhka 60 C ys we;s WKq c,h ks h ;
mm yd 2mm fõ' ixhql; a m;=f,a by< iy my< mDIaGhkays iS>%;djhlska wLKavj bj;g .; hq;= w;r tu
0 0
WIa K;a jhka ms <sfj,sk a 100 C yd 150 C mj;S kï 0
iS>%;djfhka u 30 C ys isis,a c,h thg tl;= lrkq
;;amrhl§ fla;,fha c, mDIaGfha tall j¾.M,hlska 0
jdIam ù msgjk c,fha ialkaOh ks¾Kh lrkak' .Kkh ,efí' fuu cklfhka 60 C ys we;s WKq c,h ,nd
lsÍfï§ Tn lrk ,o ish¨u Wml,amkhka i|yka lrkak' .; yels Wmßu iS>%;dj .Kkh lrkak'

(1996-03)

(1990-04)

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

13
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity

451.(a)rEmfha olajd we;s f,day rduqj a yd b fjkia øjH j,ska (iv) flfia jqjo whsia ;Ügq hg WIAK c, m%jdyhkaf.a
idod we;s taldldr o~qj,ska ksulr we;' ish¨u o~q meje;au ksid tjeks ;Ügqj, ksrka;r j¾Okh i|yd
i¾jiu os.ks a iy yrialv lafIa;M a fõ' a
% , j,ska hql; ndOd we;s fõ'
øjHfhys ;dm ikakdhl;dj b ys ;dm ikakdhl;dj
fuka fo.=Khla fõ' ish¨u o~q mQ¾K f,i wjqrd we;af;a (1)by; i|yka whsia ;Ügqfõ j¾Okh 50m oS keje;aùug
jgmsgdjg ;dm ydkshla isÿ fkdjk mrsoh s ' A fl<jr tjeks m%jdy u.ska whsia ;Ügqfõ talh
S j¾.M,hlg
500C yso C ikaêh 100C yso mj;ajdf.k we;s kï % dj .Kkh lrkak.
;dmh iemhsh hq;= wju iS>;
wkjr; wjia:dfõoS B yd D ikaêj, WIAK;ajhka
-2
fidhkak. A (2)WIAK m%jdy u.ska 0.5Wm iS>;
% djlska Èk 2la mqrd
;dmh imhhs kï osk fol wjidkfhaoS 50 m ;Ügqfõ
a
fuu rduqj tlu øjHfhka idod >klu fldmuK o@
s A
we;akï iy uq,a wjia:dfõ mrsou B (2002-06-a)
fl<jr yd C ikaêh ms<sfj<ska
b b 454.
500Cys iy 100C ys mj;ajdf.k we;a
kï wkjr; wjia : dfõ § B yd D (a)100m2 jQ ì;a;s j¾.M,hla ndysr mrsirhg ksrdjrKh ù we;s
C a D
ikaêj, WIAK;ajhka fldmuK o@ l=vd f.dvke.s,, a la .Klu 10cm jQ .fvd,a ì;a;j s ,ska
2
idod we;' fuu f.dvke.s,, a g j¾.M,h 3m iy >klu
452.jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfha yqud,h ksmojk fndhsf,arejl 2
2cm jQ ,S fodrla iy j¾.M,h 4m jQ iy >klu 0.5cm jQ
>klu 2cm iy mDIaG j¾.M,h 500cm2 jQ f,day ;ks ùÿre ;yvqjlska idok ,o ùÿre cfka,hla we;' jdhq
-1 0 -1
m;=<la we;' f,dayfha ;dm ikakdhl;dj 400Wm C fõ'
iólrK hka;h % la u.ska f.dvke.s,,a we;=<; WIAK;ajh
m;=<g my;ska 20kW ;dmk oÕrhla ;nd we;s fndhsf,arej 0 0
fyd`oska ;dm mrsjrKh fldg we;s w;r mrsirhg ;dmh 25 C mj;ajd.kq ,efí' ndysr WIAK;ajh 30 C ys mj;S'
ydks fkdfõ hhs Wml,amkh l< yel' f.dvke.s,f a ,ys iS,f s uka iy ìfuka ;dmh ixl%uKh ùu
fkdi,ld yersh yelsh.
(1)fndhsf,arej uÕska yqud,h ksmojk YS>;
% dfõ Wmßu
w.h l=ulao @ (1) ndysr mßirfhka f.dvke.s,,
a ;=<g ;dmh ixl%uKh
ùfï iS.;
% dj l=ulao@
(2)fndhsf,arefõ m;=f,a ndysr mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh l=ula o @
= ,la fndhsf,arej Ndú;fhka miqj 0.1cm >klu
os.l
we;s ia;rhla m;=f<a wNHka;rfha iEfoa'

(3)fndhsf,arefjka ;ju;a yqud,h ksmojkafka kï th (2) rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ ;ks ùÿre ;yvqj fjkqjg
u.ska yqud,h ksmojk YS>;
% dfõ Wmrsu w.h l=u
= lao@ >klu 0.1cm jQ jd; ia;rhla ueÈjk mßÈ >klu
(4)iïu; iq;% Ndú;d fldg fndhsf,arefõ m;=f<a ndysr 0.2cm jQ iudk ùÿre ;yvq follska cfka,h idod
mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh fidhkak' we;ehs i,lkak' fuu fjki ksid cfka,h ;=<k s a
(5) 1'fndhsf,arej fydoska mßjrKh lr we;s úg. ;dmh ixl%uKh ùfï YS>; % dj l=uk m%;Y
s ;hlska wvq
fõo @
2'fndhsf,arej mrsjrKh lr fkdue;s úg ;dmk oÕrfha
Ëu;dj wvqlÍ s fuka c,fhaWIaK;ajh 500C ys mj;ajd
.ekSug yelsfõo@ Tnf.a ms<;
s r
= myod fokak'
(2001-06-a)
453.;dm ikakdhl;dj K w¾: olajkq ,nkafka" ùÿre jd;h ùÿre

(I) m%ldYkfhys oS we;s Q/t iy (1 - 2)/d rdYSka

0.2 cm 0.1 cm 0.2 cm
y÷kajkak'
(ii) m%ldYkh j,x.= jkafka l=uk ;;a;ajh hgf;a oehs
olajkak' fuu fldgig jdIam yd wd¾ø;dñ;sh ms<sn| oekqu wjYH fõ
0
(iii) wdlaála id.rh u; mdfjk 50m >klula iys; whsia (3) f.dvke.s,,a ;=< ;=Idr wxlh 20 C jk w;r" msg;
;Ügqjl 0u;=mgs WIAK;ajfha idudkH w.h wjqreoao 0
;=Idr wxlh 25 C fõ' msg; idfmalIa wd¾ø;dj 80% la
mqrdu -50 C hehs is;kak' whsia ;Ügqfjys Wv iy hg
mDIAGhkaf.a WIAK;aj fjki ksid tu ;Ügqj fõ kï" f.dvke.s,, a ;=< idfmalIa wd¾ø;dj .Kkh
wkjr;j j¾Okh jkafka kï tys >klu ;j 1mm lrkak'
m%udKhlska j¾Okh ùug .;jk ld,h mehj,s ka
fidhkak' whsia ;Ügqfõ m;=f,ys WIAK;ajh 00C hhs
Wml,amkh lrkak. (2005-06-a)

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

14
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity

455.rEmh ^a& ys oelafjk mßos f,day wdjrKhl ^casing& ;dm 456.

mßjrKh lrK ,o m;=f,ys P kï bf,lafg%dksl (a)yrialv 2m2m jk, fkdlvjd iQ¾hdf,dalhg fl<sku a
WmlrKhla iúfldg we;' WmlrKh u.ska 50W ksrdjrKh jk msßisÿ c,h wvx.= fmdl=Kla i,lkak.
YS>%;djhlska ;dmh W;ai¾ckh lrk w;r ;dmh . fmdl=Kg m;s; jk iQ¾h ;dm úlsrK
bj;g .,kq ,nkafka wdjrKfha by< ;yvqfjka muKs' -2
m%udKh 1000 Wm jk w;r, th my; .Kkh lsÍï i`oyd
wdjrKfha by< ;yvqj iDcqfldaKdi%dldr f,day ;yvqjla
jk w;r tys >klu iy j¾.M,h ms<f s j<ska 2mm iy ksh; nj Wml,amkh lrkak. ;jo, iEu úgu iQ¾h ;dmh
2 0
2cm fõ' iïmQ¾K moaO;sh WIAK;ajh 30 C jQ ldurhl c, mDIaGhg ,ïNj m;s; jk nj;a, c,h iy fmdl=fKa
;nd we;' ì;a;s w;r lsisu ;dm yqjudrejla fkdue;s nj;a, c,h u.ska
by< ;yvqj fl<sku a iQ¾hdf,dalfhka ;dmh Wrd fkd.kakd nj;a
Wml,amkh lrkak. ish,qu ;dmh fmdl=fKa m;= f ,a ;nd
f,day we;s l¨ lrk ,o f,day ;yvqjla u.ska wjfYdaIKh
P wdjrKh
lrf.k, m;=, wdikakfha we;s c,hg ikakhkh u.ska
;dm mßjrKh
yqjudre flf¾.
lrk ,o m;=,
(1)wkjr; wjia:dfõ § wdjrKfha by< ;yvqfjys (1)ñks;;a = 7 l ld,dka;rhla ;=< f,day ;yvqj u.ska Wrd.;a
wNHka;r iy ndysr mDIAGj, WIAK;aj ms<f
s j<ska ;dm m%udKh uq¿uKsku a , f,day ;yvqjg hka;ñka by<ska
0 0
100 C iy 98 C fõ' wdjrKfhys øjHfha ;dm we;s ialkaOh 40kg jQ ;=kS c, ia:rhl WIaK;ajh
ikakdhl;dj .Kkh lrkak. kexùug odhl fõ kï c,fha WIaK;aj ke.Su l=ula jkq
we;ao@
(2)WmlrKfha wdrlaIdldrS iy ld¾hlaIu l%h s dldrs;ajh
i|yd iqÿiq hdka;K
% hl wdOdrfhka wdjrKfha by<
0
;yvqfjys wNHka;r mDIAGfha WIAK;ajh 40 C ys mj;ajd (2)0 C iy  C ys§ c,fha >K;ajh ms<f
0 0
s j,ska 0 iy f,i
.; hq;= h. .kak. 0,  iy c,fha mßud m%idrK;dj wdY%fhka 0
i`oyd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak.
(a)fuu ;;a;ja h hgf;a by< ;yvqfjys ndysr mDIAGfha
WIAK;ajh l=ula úh hq;= o@
;=kS iudka;r ;yvq

f,day ;yvqj

(3)by; ^a& ^1& ys i`oyka wdldrhg c,h r;a jQ úg ixjyk

Odrd we;s jkafka wehs±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak.
(b)ld¾hlaIuj ;dmh bj;a lsÍï hdka;K % hla f,i ^b&
rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ wdjrKfha øjHhfhkau iEÿ ;=kS (b)iQ¾h fmdl=Kla hkq iQ¾h Yla;h s ;dmh f,i /ialr .nvd
iudka;r ;yvq by< ;yvqfjys ndysr mDIAGhg ,ïnj lrk fmdl=Kls. tjeks fmdl=Kl m;=,g <`.djk iQ¾h
iúlsrfS uka tys iM, j¾.M,h jeä lr.kq ,efí' ;dmh isrlr ;nd.kafka ixjyk Odrd uev meje;aùu u.sk.s
;=kS iudka;r ;yvq o we;=<;aj iïmQ¾K ndysr yrialv j¾.M,h 2m  2m jk iQ¾h fmdl=Kl b;d ir<
mDIaGfha WIAK;ajh by; (ii) (a) ys .Kkh l< w.fhysu wdlD;shla ^2& rEmfha fmkajd we;. tys meyeÈ,s ia;r ;=kla
mj;S hehs Wml,amkh lr ksõgkaf.a isi, s k kshuh we;. by<u ia;rfha idfmalaIj msßisÿ c,h we;. my<u
Ndú;fhka by< ;yvqfõ iM, j¾.M,h .Kkh ia;rfha, wêl ¨Kq idkaøKhlao tys m%;M s ,hla f,i jeä
lrkak' ldur WIAK;ajh by; olajd we;' >K;ajhlao we;. >K;ajh, tu ia;rh mqrdu ta ldldr fõ .
ueo ia;rfha ¨Kq idkaøKh iy >K;ajh l%ufhka Wi;a
(c) iu. wvq fõ.my; fldgia i`oyd,
P

úl,am l%uhla f,i ^c& rEmfha oelafjk mßos wdjrKfha

by< ;yvqfõ ndysr mDIAGh iu. iam¾Yj ;nd we;s f,day
liqjla ;=<ks a c,h heùfuka by< ;yvqfjys ndysr
mDIAGh isis,a lrkq ,efí' wkjr; wjia:dfõ oS liqfõ
we;afodfrys ^Inlet& yd ìysfodfrys ^Outlet& c,fha
WIAK;ajh ms<f s j<ska 300C yd 350C fõ.
ndysr mßirhg ;dmh ydks fkdfõ kï" liqj ;=<ska
(1)m%dfhda.l
s iQ¾h fmdl=Kl, m;=f,ys ia;rfha WIaK;ajh
c,h .e,Sfï YS>%;dj ;;amrhg lsf,da.a?ïj,ska
900Clg muK <`.dúh yelsh.fuu ia;rfha we;s c,fha
.Kkh lrkak.
ialkaOh 6000kg kï iy thg 1000Wm-2 ksh;
YS>;% djfhka fkdkj;ajd ;dm úlsrK ,efnkafka kï
(2007-06-a)
hg 900Cg <`.dùug fldmuK ld,hla .; fjhso@ tu

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

15
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity

(1)m%dfhda.l
s iQ¾h fmdl=Kl, m;=f,ys ia;rfha WIaK;ajh (1) fuu l%uh u.ska ldurfha WIaK;ajh lsih s ï ld,hla
0
900Clg muK <`.dúh yelsh.fuu ia;rfha we;s c,fha mqrd 0 C ys mj;ajd .; yelafla flfia±hs fláfhka
ialkaOh 6000kg kï iy thg 1000Wm-2 ksh; meyeÈ,s lrkak.
YS>;% djfhka fkdkj;ajd ;dm úlsrK ,efnkafka kï hg
900Cg <`.dùug fldmuK ld,hla .; fjhso@ tu ;dmh (2) meh 10la olajd ldur WIAK;ajh 00C ys mj;sk njo" fuu
uq¨uKsku a c,fha WIaK;ajh by< kexùug Ndú; jkafka ld,h ;=, c,fha ialkaOfhka 25%la muKla whsia njg
hehso ¨Kq c,hg msßisÿ c,fha úYsIaG ;dmOdß;dju m;a ùuo" iy;sl flfrk c, ia:rhl wju ialkaOh
.Kkh lrkak.
we;ehso Wml,amkh lrkak.

(2)¨Kq c,h i`oyd 0=1554kgm-3 f,i f.k, 900C § ¨Kq

c,fha >K;ajh .Kkh lrkak.

(3) lsih
s ï n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ fya;j
= la ksid by; i`oyka
(3)by<u ia;rh 300C ysu mj;S kï, by; ;;a;ja h hgf;a l< c, mDIAGh iïmQ¾Kfhkau ysudhkh ù 5cm >klula
m;=f,a ia;rfha isg by<u ia;rhg ixjyk Odrd we;súh iys; taldldr whsia mDIAGhla fldkal%SÜ ì;a;sj,
yelso@ Tfí ms<; = idOdrKSlrKh lrkak.
s r wNHka;r mDIAGh u; iEÿfka hehs is;kak' ehsia mDIAGh
iEÿkq jydu 00C ldurfhka bj;g ;dmh .,dhdu
werfUk iS>; % dj .Kkh lrkak'
-1 0 -1
(4) whsia ys ;dm ikakdhl;dj=2.2Wm C o .Kkh lsÍu
(1)m;=f,a ia;rfha WIaK;ajh 300C isg 900C olajd jeä jQ i`oyd ;dmh bj;g .,d hk whsia ia:rfha iïmQ¾K
2
úg, tys .nvd ù we;s ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrkak. uOHkH mDIAG lafIA;M % ,h 120m f,io" Wml,amKh
lrkak.
(2)fuu Yla;h s m%fhda.ls fh§ula i`oyd Ndú; l<yels
(2016-10a)
l%uhla fhdackd lrkak.

(5)m%dfhda.l
s iQ¾h fmdl=Kl ì;a;s yryd jk ; d m y d k s h NOTES
wju lr.; hq;h = . c,h iy fmdl=fKa ì;a;s w;r
mßjdrlhla f,i >Klu 10cm jQ iaghsfrdf*daï ia;rhla
457.(a)
(1)øjHhl fN!;sl wjia:dj >k wjia:dfõ isg øj wjia:dj
olajd fjkia jk úg" ;dmh wjfYdaIKh lr .kafka
flfia±hs fláfhka meyeÈ<s lrkak.

(2)tla;rd ;dm n,d.drhla u.ska ksmojk ,o fu.dcQ,a 10l

0
wu;r ;dm Yla;shla 420 C øjdxlfha mj;ajdf.k we;s
mßjrKh lrk ,o ;=;a;kd.ï l=Üáhl .=ma; ;dmh f,i
.nvd l< hq;=j we;' iïmQ¾K wu;r Yla;shu ;=;a;kd.ï
øj ls Í ug Ndú; jka f ka kï" fï i`oyd wjYH
wju >k ;=;a;kd.ï ialkaOh .Kkh lrkak.

(b)ndysr WIAK;ajh 1300C ys we;s úg YS;, rgl

t<suyfkys msysá tla;rd jik ,o .nvd ldurhla ;=,
0
WIaK;ajh 0 Cys mj;ajd.; hq;=j we;' ldurh 20cm
>klula we;s fldkal%SÜ ì;a;s u.ska ;dm mßjrKh
lr we;' rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßos ì;a;sj, wNHka;r
0
mDIAGh yd iam¾Yj 0 Cys mj;sk wjYH ;rfï >klula
iys; taldldr c, ia:rhla mj;ajdf.k we;' ksYap,
whsia ;Ügq iE§u je<elaùu i`oyd c,h wNHka;ßlj
uka:kh lrkq ,efí'

fldkalÜ
S%
0
0C
c,h

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

16
Advanced Level PHYSICS Thermal Conductivity

(361) 05 (362) 05 (363) 02 (364) 03 (365) 03

(366) 02 (367) 05 (368) 04 (369) 02 (370) 04
(371) 05 (372) 03 (373) 04 (374) 02 (375) 03
(376) 01 (377) 02 (378) 01 (382) 04 (383) 04
(384) 04 (385) 05 (386) 02 (387) 04 (388) 02
(389) 04 (390) 02 (391) 03 (392) 04 (393) 01
(394) 05 (395) 03 (396) 01 (397) 01 (398) 03
(399) 05 (400) 03 (401) 02 (402) 01 (403) 04
(407) 04 (408) 04 (409) 05 (410) 05 (411) 03
(412) 03 (413) 02 (414) 05 (415) 02 (416) 02
(417) 05 (418) 01 (419) 05 (420) 04 (421) 03
(426) 02 (427) 04 (428) 03 (431) 01 (432) 01
(433) 04 (434) 03 (435) 01 (436) 02 (437) 04
(438) 03 (440) 02 (441) 02 (442) 03 (443) 03
(444) 02 (445) 01 (446) 03

NOTES

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

17