FIRST TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ART CLASS: JSS 3

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC
1. Nigerian Traditional Arts and Culture
2. Exhibition and Display Techniques
3. Embroidery
4. Opportunities For Career Dramatist
5. Uses of Music
6. Review of Chords and Triads
7. Drama and Development of Rural Communities
8. Contemporary Nigerian Arts and Artists
9. Sight Reading and Singing
10. Revision
11. & 12. Examination

REFERENCE TEXTBOOK
 A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and Others. (Book
1,2and 3)

WEEKONE
TOPIC: NIGERIAN TRADITIONAL ARTS AND CULTURE
INTRODUCTION: Traditional art emerged after the period of prehistoric arts. Traditional
artists in Nigeria engaged in creation of traditional artworks using various materials or media.
Various traditional arts in Nigeria are discussed under the following headings:
1. Period
2. Location/Site
3. Media used
4. Characteristics or features style and functions.

1. NOK ART CULTURE: Nok art culture is the oldest of all the art cultures in Nigeria. It
has a rich historical and cultural background which makes it still relevant till today.

PERIOD: Nok art culture dated conservatively to between 500BC and 200 AD.

LOCATION: Nok art got its name from a small village ‘Nok’ near Jemma in Kaduna state
which is equally close to Jos in plateau state.

MEDIA USED: Nok art works were executed from clay.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NOK ART

1. Nok sculptural figures are in terracotta (baked clay).
2. Animal figures are more represented (detailed) than the human figures.
3. The terracotta animal figures are more naturalistic while the terracotta human figures are
represented in stylish manner.
4. Terracotta human figures possess perforated eye pupils, nostrils and lips, triangular eyes
andeyes equally in segment of a sphere.
5. Terracotta human figures possess oval, cylindrical and spherical shaped heads.
6. Terracotta animal and human figures are free standing(three dimensional).
7. Terracotta human heads possess varying head dress well formed.

2. IFE ART CULTURE:IFE is believed to be the ancestral home of the Yorubas,with the
Ooni of Ife being a traditional ruler.

PERIOD: Ife traditional arts dated back to the 9th century A.D or 900 AD.

LOCATION: Ife art culture dominated the Western part of Nigeria, precisely Osun state.

MEDIA USED: Ife artworks were made from clay and metal.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IFE ART

1. Sculptural works in animal forms are only in terracotta (burnt clay).
2. Ife figures possess scarifications and are heavily beaded.
3. Ife figures are symbolic as many of them represent human beings in nearly life size,
although the head is in life size.
4. Ife works are mainly in three dimensional appearance.
5. Ife art is a court art like the art of Benin. The Ooni of Ife controlled the arts and artists.
6. The hair and beard are not added in the modeled figure but rather are shown with serial
holes which probably act as channel for weaving hairs to make it look real.
7. Ife works are naturalistic in appearance.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Write a brief account on Nok Art Culture.
2. Discuss briefly on the history of the art of Ife.

3. BENIN ART: The people of Benin in ancient times suffered in the hands of theBritish
during an invasion in 1897,in which most of their relief plaques and figurines were taken away
by the British, including the Benin Ivory Mask, which is used as a symbol of

FESTAC 77.Benin art comprises of folk art and court art.

PERIOD:Benin art dated back to the14th and 18th century AD. This is between 1440 to 1897.
LOCATION:Benin is located in the capital of Edo state known as Benin.

MEDIA USED: Traditional artists of Benin used wood, bronze, ivory, clay and stone in creating
artworks.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIN ART

1. Works of Benin are in wood, bronze,ivory, clay and stone.
2. Bronze head of the Oba of Benin is heavily beaded around the neck. It equally possesses
thick vertical marks on the forehead, bogus cheek, beaded crown and three dimensional
forms.
3. The bronze head of Queen Mother Iyeobu equally possesses similar features with the
bronze head of the Oba of Benin.
4. Bronze plaque is a relief or two dimensional work characterized with three traditional
chiefs of Benin possessing the Benin traditional costume, accessories and a staff in their
hands.

4. ESIE ART
PERIOD:The art tradition dated back to about 1100 AD.
LOCATION: Esieis located in an Igbomina Yoruba town, South East of Ilorin and near Offa in
Kwara state.

MEDIUM USED: The Esie figures were carved from soapstone.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ESIE ART

1. Esie men and women statues have beads,bracelets and anklets.
2. Esie men and women figures are seated on a stool.
3. All Esie figures havethree horizontal straight lines between the eyes and ear and some
figures have vertical lines on the chin and a host of scarification or striated lines on the
face.
4. Esie men and women statues are semi naturalistic.

5. IGBO UKWU ART

PERIOD: Igbo Ukwu art dates back to the 9th to 13th century A.D

LOCATION: Igbo Ukwu is located in Anambra state.

MEDIUM USED: Bronze

CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBO UKWU ART

1. Works of Igbo Ukwu were made from clay and metal, precisely bronze.
2. Igbo Ukwu bronze works are naturalistic and symbolic.
3. Bronze pendant represents a ram’s head.
4. Bronze snail shell is precisely 20.1cm in length which is the shape of a snail shell, a
decorated vessel surmounted by a leopard.

6. TSEODE BRONZES / NUPE ART (Tada figures): Tsoede art is basically all about
monumental bronze figures.Tsoedeis the son to the Atta of Idahwho was banished from Idah. He
laterboarded a bronze canoe and took some bronze works along.He traveledalong the river Nile
in search of the Nupekingdom.He highlighted at three villages and kept bronze works there
namely Jebba and Tada in theIsland of Giragi. The villages are now occupied by the Nupepeople
in Kogi state.Tsoede, the son to the Atta of Idah whotraveled along the River Niger to find
theNupe kingdom in the 13thcentury.He eventually found the Nupe kingdom and settled
there.The Tsoede sculptural works in bronze are seated human figures,bronze animal figures like
ostriches and elephant and are equally figures that are naturalistic .Most of the figures are meant
for fertility.

PERIOD:Bronze works dated back to 13th and 14th century AD and flourished around 1100
AD.

LOCATION: Nupe is located around the middle belt of Nigeria. Bronze works of art were
found in the Tada and Jebbavillage in the present Kogi State of Nigeria.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TSEODE ART

1. The seated Tada bronze figure possesses broken arms and leg.
2. The standing Tada bronze figure possesses a complex dress and a disc.
3. Animal and human figures of Tada are naturalistic and symbolic.
4. Works of Tada are formed in bronze.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. State the art tradition that is oldest of other art traditions in Nigeria.
2. Write short notes on any two art traditions you know.

GENERAL EVALUATION / REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Highlight the three properties of colour.
2. Mention five classes of colour and give a detailed explanation respectively.
3. Mention one contribution of Pa AinaOnabolu towards art development in Nigeria.
4. State three elements of art and design and explain.
5. What is music?

READING ASSIGNMENT
Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi(Book 3).
REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 1 – 9. Attempt the revision questions.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. …..is a dominant raw material or medium of Esie art culture. (a) Wood (b) Soapstone (c)
Bronze (d) Brass
2. Bronze traditional works of Benin were formed through the……(a) saved wax method
(b) cireperdue lost wax process (c) etching method (d) modeling method
3. Which of these art traditions in Nigeria is the oldest? (a) Nok art (b) Igbo Ukwu art (c)
Tsoede art (d) Benin art
4. Clay works of Nok were fired which suggest what term in art. (a) Green ware (b)
Terracotta (c) Slip (d) Glaze
5. Benin art and Ife art are both called …………………..….(a) royal art (b) court art (c)
symbolic art (d) folk art

THEORY
1. State two features of Nok Art Culture.
2. Why is Ife art referred to as court art?

WEEK TWO
TOPIC: EXHIBITION AND DISPLAY TECHNIQUES

DEFINITION: Exhibition can be defined as a public display of visual creative artworks.

WAY OF PREPARING WORKS OF ART FOR DISPLAY

1. LABELLING: A piece of paper containing the title and sizes of artworks is attached to
the artwork for better understanding among visitors.
2. FRAMING: It involves balancing and proportioning by cutting coloured or white paper
into a window format called “mat” and placing the artwork on it for a better display.
3. FIXING: It involves placing a transparent glass to cover metal visual sculptural artwork
and fixing wooden slab or fiber finished frame underneath to command aesthetically pleasing
artwork.
4. MOUNTING: It involves the application of skill and accurate measurement by sticking
paper works in form of a picture ,painting and drawing to a larger piece of hard paper in order to
prevent the four corners from getting damaged.
5. MOUNTING OF ARTWORKS ON WALLS: It involves the skill of measurement for
proper hanging and placement of artworks on walls.

EVALUATION
1. What is exhibition?
2. List the five ways of preparing artworks for display.
DISPLAY TECHINQUES
1. CATEGORIZING: The classification is very important in the selection of artworks. The
arrangement of all exhibits must be in sections to distinguish eachartistic medium. For instance,
sculpture and ceramic);(painting, graphics ,drawing, and textile)
2. DESIGNING OF SPACE: All artworks should have a breathing space /volume to allow
sight appreciation of content and forms. For instance, colours. Hence, this is one of the vital
strategies in displaying an artwork.
3. LIGHTING:The exhibition hall must be conducive in terms of lighting and
ventilation.All visual artworks must be quite different from each other in the exhibition hall.
4. DISPLAY STAND BOARD:A fabricated display stand board is necessary for hanging
artworks for display.The production of the stand is a combination of a white painted flat wooden
slab and four solid legs. Therefore, the display stand board should have the capacity to carry the
hung artworks for a number of days during display.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Mention the four display techniques.
2. Explain any two display techniques you know.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. State the difference between treble clef and bass clef.
2. How many lines and spaces make up a staff (stave)?
3. Write the letter names on the lines and spaces of the treble and bass stave.
4. State the musical notes and their respective values.
5. What is leger line in written music?

READING ASSIGNMENT
A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi(Book 3).
REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 37 – 38. Attempt the revision questions.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ……..is the process of showcasing visual artworks to the public in the exhibition hall.
(a) Painting (b) Sculpting (c) Exhibition (d) Marketing
2. The process of arranging artworks into sections within the exhibition hall is
called………..(a) fixing (b) framing (c) categorizing (d) mounting of artworks on walls.
3. ………………....is the process of cutting coloured or white paper into a window format
(Mat) and placing the artwork on it for a better display.(a) Fixing (b) Framing (c)
Mounting (d) Labeling
4. The process of sticking a piece of paper with details about the artwork is what way of
preparing artworks for display.(a) Labeling (b)Fixing (c) Framing (d) Mounting of
artworks on walls.
5. Which of the following apart from wall is required for hanging artworks for a number of
days during display? (a) Display stand board (b) Easel (c) Flat wooden board (d) None of
the above.

THEORY
1. List two ways of preparing artworks for display.
2. State three display techniques in exhibition.

WEEK THREE
TOPIC: EMBROIDERY

DEFINITION: Embroidery refers to decorative stitches made on fabric. Embroidery is also a

textile craft in which beautiful patterns are formed on fabric using needle and thread or
embroidery sewing machine.

EMBROIDERY FACILITIES
1. Needle
2. Embroidery threads in various colours
3. Automatic swing needle machine (embroidery machine)
4. Light weight tracing paper
5. Brown paper for initial practice
6. Tracing wheel
7. Embroidery hoops

TYPES OF EMBROIDERY
1. Machine made embroidery
2. Handmade embroidery

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. What is embroidery?
2. State two embroidery facilities.
3. Mention the two types of embroidery.
SOURCES OF EMBROIDERY DESIGNS: Embroidery design can be obtained from these
sources as follow:
1. Geometry
2. Abstract
3. Environment
4. Flowers
5. Nature etc.

METHODS OF TRANSFERRING DESIGNS

1. TAILOR’S TACKING: Tailor’s tack is a loose looped sewing stitch used to transfer
marking for darts etc., from a pattern to material. It entails transferring markings from a pattern
to a piece of fabric. A loose stitch is formed through the fabric and the pattern piece then the
stitches are cut, leaving a line of loose threads as your marks.
2. PRICKING: This is also called prick and pounce. It is a method of transferring an
embroidery design by using a pattern piece that is pricked with tiny holes ,placed on the
fabric ,and then pounced all over with powder that filters through the tiny holes leaving tiny dots
on the fabric.
3. TRACING METHOD:Tracing paper transfer method of marking an embroidery design
on fabric(sometimes referred to as thread tracing) uses a light tissue or tracing paper that you
have marked with your pattern. It is a great way to transfer a design to fabric without actually
marking the fabric.
4. DIRECT DRAWING OF DESIGN ON FABRIC: Direct drawing method involves
drawing free hand with the help of a pencil or water soluble pen on the fabric directly.

EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1. Herring bone stitch
2. Feather stitch.
3. Button hole stitch
4. Loop stitch
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. What is embroidery?
2. State two embroidery facilities.
3. Mention two stitches employed in embroidery.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi.(Book 3)
REFERENCE PAGE:Pages 53 - 56.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ……….are decorativestitches made on fabric using needle and thread.
(a) Embroidery (b) Macramé (c) Cloth weaving (d) Needle craft
2. Embroidery is a local craft practiced in Nigeria. (a) True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure
3. …….is embroidery transfer method that requires the use of a water soluble pen to draw
beautiful designs on fabric directly. (a) Pricking (b) Direct drawing (c) Tracing (d)
Tailor’s tacking
4. …..…involves the use of a light weight tracing that is marked with a pattern to transfer
the embroidery design to fabric.(a) Tracing (b) Direct drawing (c) Pricking (d) Tailor’s
tacking
5. Handmade embroidery and machine made embroidery are……….….of embroidery. (a)
types (b) functions (c) crafts (d) motifs

THEORY
1. Define pattern.
2. Mention two sources of embroidery design.

WEEK FOUR
TOPIC: OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAREER DRAMATISTS

MEANING OF A DRAMATIST: A dramatist or playwright is a person who writes plays. A

dramatist is simply a playwright or a person who writes plays. A dramatist is a playwright while
a playwright is a writer and creator of theatrical plays.

CAREER PROSPECTS OF A DRAMATIST/PLAYWRIGHT

(DRAMATIST’S JOB)
A dramatist creates original written works such as scripts, essays, prose, poetry, or song lyrics
for publication or performance. Playwrights are creative writers who create stories that are both
fictitious and non fictitious, that often occur on stage. Playwrights bring about characters that are
then brought to reality by the players. The written words once presented, create a piece of art
which entertain, educate ,inform and move the audience.

NOTABLE NIGERIANS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

i. PLAYWIGHTS: Professor Wole Soyinka ( He was awarded a noble prize in Literature
in 1986 and the first African to be honored ) , Hubert Ogunde, BiyiBandele, BolajiOdofin, Jimi
Solanke, NdukaOnwuegbute, Ola Rotimi , Ola O. Olugoke, Chinua Achebe etc.
ii. DIRECTORS: Adim Williams, Andy AmadiOkoroafor, Akin Omotoso , Andrew
Dosunmu, Anthony Onah, BranwenOkpako, Chico Ejiro, Desmond Elliot , Alki David etc.
iii. DESIGNERS: DeolaSagoe ,ZiziCardow, FolakeFolarin Coker etc.

WAYS DRAMA AFFECT THE SOCIETY

1. Positively deconstructing and reconstructing the society through written drama.
2. Written works of dramatists cause a positive reformation and revolution in the mind of
the readers in the society.
3. Educating and informing the society through written and unwritten works.
4. Entertaining the society through artistic actions or renditions.
5. Spiritually elevating and connecting the reader to the creator.
6. Promoting the cultural heritage of the Nigerian people .
7. Exposing social vices and in turn teaching us moral lessons through the outcome of such
actions.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Who is a dramatist?
2. Mention two names of playwright, director and designer in Nigeria.
3. State two ways in which playwrights affect the society.
GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS
1. Mention the three primary triads.
2. What is time signature?
3. What is key signature?
4. How many notes make a pentatonic scale?
5. What musical sign is placed before a note to raise it by a semitone?

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi. (Book 3)
REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 91– 99. Attempt the revision questions.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ……….…is a skilled drama personnel who creatively writes plays. (a) Playwright (b)
Poet (c) Novelist (d) Journalist
2. Who among these playwrights in Nigeria won a noble prize in 1986 as an outstanding
playwright of dramatic literature? (a) Chinua Achebe (b) Prof. Wole Soyinka (c) Ola
Rotimi (d) Ola Olugoke
3. Written works of a playwright or dramatist are solely based on …….and ………..… (a)
fiction and non-fiction (b) religion and politics (c) None of the above (d) All of the
above.
4. ‘The gods are Not to Blame’ is a written work by …….(a) Ola Rotimi (b) Ola Olugoke
(c) Prof. Wole Soyinka (d) HurbertOgunde
5. Written plays that are invented or imagined without being relevant to real life situations
are based on ……….….(a) fiction (b) non-fiction (c) All of the above (d) None of the
above

THEORY
1. Mention the name of two popular drama directors in Nigeria.
2. State one renowned designer in Nigeria.

WEEK FIVE
TOPIC: USES OF MUSIC

INTRODUCTION: Music plays a vital role in our everyday life. This makes music part of our
lives from inception till this contemporary time. The uses of music are as follows:
1. It is played to entertain guests during ceremonies.
2. Music is played during cultural festivals to spice up the event.
3. Music is played during religious worship.
4. Music is played at the background during advertisement both on radio and television.
5. Music is used by a medical practitioner in hospitals to treat patients.

IMPACTS OR EFFECTS OF MUSIC

1. Music helps to build relationship.
2. Music fosters brotherliness.
3. Music creates awareness in the mass media.
4. The lyrics of music mould and mar or destroy one’s life.
5. Music helps to project important dignitaries in the society.
6. Music is used by nursing mothers to send a baby to sleep.
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Mention two functions of music.
2. Highlight three ways music can impact the humans.

GENERAL EVALUATION / REVISON QUESTIONS

1. What are local crafts?
2. Mention two notable areas in Nigeria where fabric dyers practise tie and dye.
3. What is self control?
4. State three ways in which one can exercise self control.
5. What is teamwork?

READING ASSIGNMENT
A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi (Book 3).
REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 83 – 87. Attempt the revision questions.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. …………....song gives a soothing relief to a bereaved person who lost a loved one. (a)
Funeral (b) Cradle (c) Insult (d) Folk
2. ………….….is a kind of song that mothers sing to send a baby to sleep. (a) Lullaby (b)
Gospel song (c) Folk song (d) Insult song
3. Music is a form of entertainment.(a) True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure
4. Which one of these is NOT an impact of music? (a) Moulding and marring one’s life. (b)
Creating disunity in the country (c) Creating public awareness through the mass media
(d) building relationships
5. Which one of these is not a function of music? (a) Killing one’s idea (b) Adding life to
an occasion (c) Celebrating cultural festivals (d) For religious worship

THEORY
1. State two uses of music.
2. Enumerate two effects of music.

WEEK SIX
TOPIC:REVIEW OF CHORDS AND TRIADS

DEFINITION OF CHORD: Chord refers to two,three or more notes that are played at the same
time.Chord is also three or more notes that combine harmoniously in music.

DEFINITION OF TRIAD: Triad is a combination of three(3)notes which include the first,third

and the fifth. Triad can be built on the degrees of the scale. Tonic triad is a chord made up of the
1st, 3rd and 5th. Therefore,tonic triad is built in the other major and minor scales.
TYPES OF CHORD:PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CHORDS
They include:
1. PRIMARY CHORDS:This is built in the first, fourth and fifth.

2. SECONDARY CHORDS: This is built in the second,third, sixth and seventh.

The three minor triads of all major keys include: II,III,and VI

INVERSION OF TRIADS
Inversion of triads occurs by placing the root or bottom note an octave higher and the top
or upper note an octave lower.A third and sixth add up to nine since it is counted twice.The
inversion of triadsis shown below:

i. Triad in the root position which carries the figure base 5

3

ii. Triad in the first inversion with figure base 6

3

iii. Triad in the second inversion with figure base 6

4

INVERSION OF TRIADS
As earlier mentioned,triad is a combination of three (3) notes, the 1st,3rd and 5th.Triad can be
built on any of the degrees of the scale .The first degree in the root position is placed an octave
higher. In the first inversion, the root note is placed an octave higher.
This is shown below:

C, E, G E, G, C G, C, E
Triad in the root position First inversion in figure Second inversion in
in figure base 5 base 6 figure base 6
3 3 4
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Define chord and triad respectively.
2. Mention the three types of triad.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Mention three string instruments.
2. State three blowing instrument of the aero phone family.
3. Highlight three ways of exercising self control.
4. What is sense of belonging?
5. How did art penetrate the Nigerian school curriculum?
6. Mention any three elements of drama.
7. What is the difference between drama and theatre?

READING ASSIGNMENT
A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi (Book 3).
REFERENCE PAGE:Visit the internet.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. …..refers to three or more notes that are played at the same time. (a) Chord (b)Triad (c)
Melody (d) Tune
2. A group of three notes usually the first, third and fifth in music is called …………… (a)
Chord (b) Triad (c) Brace (d) Clef
3. The inversion of the tonic triad in C major is ……………..….. (a) C E G (b) C G E (c) E
C G (d) None of the above
4. The primary chords or triads are built in the ……………………………………….. .(a)
I,IV,V (b) II,III,VI,VII (c) II,III,VI (d) I,V,VIII
5. The secondary chords or triads are built in the………………………………………..
(a) II,III,VI,VII (b) I,III,V (c) III,IV,VI (d) II,III,VI

THEORY
1. What are the tonic solfas of the triad in the root position?
2. Define inversion of triads.

WEEK SEVEN
TOPIC: DRAMA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES
SUB TOPICS
1. What Theatre for Development represents.
2. The State of the Rural Communities.
3. Ways drama can assist the rural people.

THEATRE FOR DEVELOPMENT

Theatre for development represents a live performance or theatre used as a developmental tool as
in international development. It encompasses the following in person activities, with people
before an audience:
a. A spoken word drama or comedy.
b. A music, singing and /or dance production.
c. A production with movement but no sound.
d. Participatory or improvisational techniques using any or all of these theatre for
development as a progression from less interactive theatre forms to a more dialogical process ,
where theatre is practiced with people or by the way of empowering communities ,listening to
their concerns, and then encouraging them to voice and solve their problems.
STATE OF RURAL COMMUNITIES
People inrural communities encounter the challenge of a slow pace development as a result of
youths migrating from rural communities to urban areas in search for white collars. This hampers
the development of rural communities, since the youths play a key role in the development of
such rural communities. It is being observed that in the rural communities of South East States of
Nigeria, the level of development is low as a result of high level of poverty, low standard of
living,and neglect by government in providing the basic amenities etc.

WAYS DRAMA CAN ASSIST RURAL PEOPLE

1. Self motivation of people upon the provision of Western style of adopting best health
practices through drama. Interactive dramatic techniques help members of rural communities
assess their health needs and possible solutions to the problems they face in rural communities.
2. By engaging the rural people through active participation in drama that serves as an
avenue in which they can earn a living.
3. Exposing rural people to televised drama that reveal events that happen in urban areas in
order to inculcate or teach moral lessons.
4. Taking some rural people on tour to urban areas where they can participate with actors in
urban areas and learn more through drama.
5. By using drama as a tool in rural communities to promote the culture ,tradition and belief
of the rural people through their involvement in drama .This will to a large extent not only
benefit the rural people but also those from all parts of the country and beyond in understanding
the significance of their culture , tradition and belief.
6. Organizing training programmes for the rural people to be adequately equipped in the art
of drama and also for self empowerment.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. What does theatre for development represent?
2. State two other ways that drama can help the rural people.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. What is contemporary art?
2. Write a brief history on the art of the early men.
3. Highlight the differences between relief sculpture and sculpture in the round.
4. What is theatre design?
5. Mention three elements that make up a theatre.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi, Book 3.
REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 91 – 95. Attempt the revision questions.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Which one of the following is NOT a way of assisting the rural people through drama?
(a) Provision of opportunities for the rural people to participate in drama. (b) Exposing
the rural people to what is generally accepted as a norm in urban areas through drama. (c)
Disregarding the culture of the rural people and paying more attention to the Western
culture. (d) None of the above.
2. A popular area in Lagos State where live dramas are performed…………(a) National
Museum ,Iganmu ,Lagos State (b)National Theatre ,Onikan, Lagos State (c) Esie
Museum (d) None of the above
3. Rural communities are underdeveloped compared to urban areas. (a) True (b) False (c)
Maybe (d) Not sure
4. Drama is a means of promoting entertainment both in the rural communities and urban
areas. (a) True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure
5. Traditional drama serves as a means of promoting the culture and tradition of people in
rural communities. (a) True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure

THEORY
1. What does theatre for development represent?
2. Describe the state of rural communities briefly.

WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: CONTEMPORARY NIGERIAN ARTS AND ARTISTS
SUB-TOPICS
a. Date and place of birth
b. Schools attended
c. Area of specialization
d. Location of art works in public places
e. Contributions of first generation Nigerian artists
f. Ways of generating income through art.

1. CHIEF PA AINA ONABOLU: AinaOnabolu was born in Ijebu Ode in Ogun state. He
was born in 1882 and died February 1963 in Lagos state. He attended St. John Wood Art School
London and Julian Academy in Paris. He was a specialist as a painter and art educator.

LOCATION OF HIS WORKS

a. Portrait of Lady Spencer Savage in 1906
b. Portrait of Mr. Randle
c. Portrait of Rt. Rev. Oluwole
d. Portrait of Chief (Dr.) Sapara in water colour and several portraits showcased at the
National Gallery of Modern Art, Lagos.

2. LAMIDI FAKEYE: LamidiOlonadeFakeye was born in IlaOrangun in Nigeria. He was

born in 1928 and died 25th December 2009. In Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria He was a first
generation Nigerian sculptor with reference to traditional Yoruba carving and academician.

LOCATION OF HIS WORKS

a. Relief sculptural works and wooden statues in the round are located atGallery of Modern
Art, Iganmu , Lagos.

EVALUATION
1. Which contemporary Nigerian artist fought relentlessly for the introduction of art into the
Nigerian school curriculum?
2. State the area of specialization of LamidiFakeye.

CONTEMPORARY NIGERIAN ARTISTS

3. BEN ENWONWU: Ben Enwonwu was born in Onitsha, Anambra state. He was born on
14th July 1921 and died 5th February 1994.He attended Government Colleges in Ibadan and
Umuahia respectively, where he was taught by Kenneth Murray who encouraged him in the
subject between 1934 and 1937. He later attended Gold Smiths College, New Cross Ashmolean
in Oxford and Slades School of Art where he graduated in 1947.He had his post graduate studies
in Anthropology and Ethnography at the University of California, Los Angeles. He came to
Nigeria in 1948.
LOCATION OF HIS WORKS
a. A sculptural work called ‘Sango’ is located outside Power Holding Company of Nigeria
Headquarters in Marina, Lagos.
b. Statue of Queen Elizabeth II sitting on the throne outside House of Representative in
Lagos.
c. A statue called ‘Anyanwu’ (Awakening) outside the wall of National Museum, Iganmu
Lagos.
d. A relief work called ‘Risen Christ’on the door panel at the Chapel of Resurrection,
University of Ibadan.

4. AKINOLA LASEKAN: AkinolaLasekan was born inOwo, Ondo state. He was born in
1916 and died in 1972, precisely at the age of 56 years. He attended St. Patrick’s Central School,
Owo where he had his primary education in 1932.He further travelled to England in 1945 and
attended Hammer Smith School of Art. He was a painter and cartoonist.

LOCATION OF HIS WORKS

a. Painting of a market scene located at Gallery of Modern Art, Iganmu , Lagos.
b. Portrait of a Yoruba girl at Gallery of Modern Art, Iganmu , Lagos.
c. Portrait of a Yoruba boy at Gallery of Modern Art, Iganmu , Lagos.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Give a brief account on the life,death and works of Ben Enwonwu and AkinolaLasekan.
2. Define contemporary art and state one contribution of Ben Enwonwu and Akinola
Lasekan.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. What key is the mediant in Eflat major scale?
2. ……is a pattern of three beats to the measure.
3. State the meaning of the Italian term “loud”.
4. How many lines and spaces make up music staff?
5. What are transposing musical instruments?

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi, Book 3.
REFERENCE PAGE:Pages 10-31.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ……..championed the course for the introduction of art into Nigerian schools.
(a)AinaOnabolu(b) Yusuf Grillo(c) Demas Nwoko(d)LadiKwali
2. Which one of the following is the father of contemporary Nigerian arts and artists? (a)
LadiKwali (b) Yusuf Grillo (c) AinaOnabolu (d) Ben Enwonwu
3. A popular Potter who was skillful in the modeling of earthen wares on the throwing
wheel is…… (a) Yusuf Grillo (b) Ben Enwonwu (c) LadiKwali (d) Dele Jegede
4. Who sculpted a free standing statue of a man holding an axe in one hand at the front of
NEPA headquarters, Lagos State? (a) Ben Enwonwu (b) Yusuf Grillo (c) AinaOnabolu
(d) Yusuf Grillo
5. The life and death of Chief Pa AinaOnabolu is between ………....and ……….……(a)
1987-1990 (b) 1882-1963 (c) 1756- 1897 (d) 1985-1997

THEORY
1. Define contemporary art.
2. State two outstanding works of Ben Enwonwu.
WEEK NINE
TOPIC: SIGHT READING AND SINGING (REVIEW OF LINES AND SPACES)
A stave or staff consists of five horizontal lines and four spaces. Notes are written on the lines
and spaces of the treble or G clef and bass or F clef. On the lines and spaces of the treble stave,
there are letter names E , F , G , A , B , C, D , E and F while on the lines and spaces of the bass
stave, there are letter names G , A , B , C , D , E , F, G and A . A piece of music in the scale of
C major begins from C and ends in C. The tonic solfas for the respective keys or notes in the
scale of C major include do, re, mi, fa ,so, la, ti, do.

REVIEW ON NOTES, VALUES AND NUMBER OF BEATS

Musical Notes Values Number of Crotchet Beats
1. Semibreve 1 4
2. Minim 1/2 2
3. Crotchet 1/4 1
4. Quaver 1/8 1/2
5. Semi Quaver 1/16 1/4
6. Demi Semi Quaver 1/32 1/8
7. Hemi Demi Semi Quaver 1/64 1/16

EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. What is ‘staff’ in music?
2. How many notes make up the scale of C major?

SUB-TOPIC: MUSIC COMPOSITION

SINGING: This is the ability to sing a piece of music either as a group or as an individual. The
National anthem is a musical composition and equally a sacred song of a country.

SETTING WORDS INTO MUSIC

INTRODUCTION: It is rather complex to set words to music. To set words to music, start by
breaking the words into their constituent syllables. Any phrase or sentence you come across will
have its own metre, such as the iambic parameter so prevalent in William Shakespeare. The
authentic secret behind setting words to music is discovering where the strong and weak accents
lie within the words. For example, take a look at this excerpt.
If we break it down into syllables, we get the following.
My Mis-tress’ eyes are no-thing like the sun.
Taking the process one step further, the next task is to highlight the strong and weakaccents as
shown below.
Strong accents are shown in bold.

My Mis-tress’s eyes are no-thing like the sun.

This example uses a line from Shakespeare’s sonnet 130, written in iambic parameter where the
strong-weak accents are regular.
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Define phrase and sentence in music respectively.
2. How can a person set words into music?

CONSTRUCTION OF A SONG IN THE MAJOR SCALE WITH KEY SIGNATURE /

CONSTRUCTION OF TONIC SOLFAS
The above music piece is based on the lyrics of the Nigerian National Anthem in key F major.
This is shown below.
s, d s, : d: m s: :-: m f : m : r: r d
A rise O compatriots; Nigeria’s call o – bey,
s, d:s, d: m s : - : m f : m : r : r d :- :-
To serve our fatherland with love and strength and faith
r r :- :- m f : r m :- f : s : s l : s : f : f : m
the la-bour of our he-roes past shall ne-ver be in vain
r:- :- : d s :- s :- s m l :- :- r
vain ,To serve with heart and might one
r :-m: f ., m : r l :- : s :- f : m: r:- r d :- :-
Nation bound in freedom, peace and unity.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISON QUESTIONS

1. What is motif?
2. Mention five types of motif.
3. What is rest in music?
4. Mention three transposing instruments of the aero phone family.
5. What is improvisational theatre?
6. State the difference between tragedy and comedy.
7. What is comic dance?
8. Distinguish between pure dance and dance drama.
9. State the difference n between leger line and double bar line.

READING ASSIGNMENT
A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi (Book 1, 2, 3).
REFERENCE PAGE: Visit the internet.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. .............is a type of clef in written music. (a) Leger line (b) Treble clef (c) Double bar
line (d) Bar line
2. …………………...is the musical value of the musical note ‘semibreve’. (a) ¼ (b) ½
(c) 1/8 (d) 1
3. A piece of music in the scale of C sharp major has all the keys ………………………….
(a) raised (b) lowered (c) modulated (d) None of the above
4. A series of five horizontal lines and four spaces makes up a ……………...(a) stave
(b) clef (c) brace (d) None of the above.
5. Music is a combination of organized sounds that is pleasant to the ear. (a) True
(b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure

THEORY
1. Write out the tonic solfas in the scale of C major.
2. What is scale in music?