SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institute by UGC)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

IT WORKSHOP LAB
Computer Definition: A computer is a fast electronic device that
processes the input data according to instructions given by
programmer/user and provides the desired information as output.

Areas of Applications

• Education
• Banking
• Multimedia
• Transport
• Industries
• Communications
• Space Technologies
• Medical & Research
• Science & Engineering

 Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware

2. Computer Software

1. Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a
computer system And all equipment attached to it are called
hardware
The hardware is the part of the computer you can touch and see.

Example:
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse

 Hardware examples
• The Monitor is the display screen, similar to a television screen.
• The Computer, tower or case is the heart of the system. This is a
box that contains all the parts that make the computer work.
• The Keyboard is what you type on, similar to a typewriter.
• The Mouse is the small hand held device that attaches to the
computer. It may have two or three buttons. The mouse is used to
move the cursor (pointer) on the computer screen.
 • The Printer is a device that puts what you have created on to
paper.
• The Scanner similar to a color photocopier is a device that
captures pictures or documents, so that they can be seen or used on
the computer.
• The Laptop also known as a notebook computer is a small
personal computer designed for mobile use.

2. Computer Software
The instructions that tell it what to do are called software
• Software consists of computer programs and procedures that
perform some tasks on your computer.

• Software is a part of the computer you cannot touch.

• Computer software is divided into three basic type

1. System software
2. Application software
3. Programming software
1. System software:
Operating System is the base program on a computer is considered
system software. It tells the computer how to work or operate.
The operating system also allows you to load other programs that
do specialized tasks on to your computer.
 (ex. Windows XP and Vista)

2.Application software:
Application software allows you to accomplish one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks. Such as computer games for entertainment
or Microsoft Word for typing

 Difference between Application software and system software

3. Programming software:
Programming software provides tools to assist a computer programmer
in writing programs and software.

 Block Diagram of Computer

 CPU consists of following parts:
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
2. Control Unit (CU)
3. Memory Unit (MU)
4. Registers
5. Buses
6. Clock
Input Devices:
 The input device is used to enter data into a computer.
  The devices like keyboard, mouse and scanner are commonly
used input devices.
Central Processing Unit:
 It is the main part of the computer.
 It’s main function is to execute programs stored in the main
memory.
 It consists of three functional units: ALU, CU and MU
 It performs all the processing of input data. In microcomputers,
the CPU is built on a single chip or integrated Circuit (IC) and is
called as a Microprocessor.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):

All calculations are performed in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of
the computer. It also does comparison and takes decision. The ALU can
perform basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, etc and does logic operations viz, >, <, =, ‘etc. Whenever
calculations are required, the control unit transfers the data from storage
unit to ALU once the computations are done, the results are transferred
to the storage unit by the control unit and then it is send to the output
unit for displaying results.

Control Unit:
It controls all other units in the computer. The control unit instructs the
input unit, where to store the data after receiving it from the user. It
controls the flow of data and instructions from the storage unit to ALU.
It also controls the flow of results from the ALU to the storage unit. The
control unit is generally referred as the central nervous system of the
computer that control and synchronizes its working.

Memory Unit
It is used to store the data, instructions and information before, during
and after the processing by ALU. It is also known as
Main/Primary/Internal Memory.
It is divided into 3 types:
1. Read Only Memory (ROM)/Non-Volatile Memory
2. Random Access Memory (RAM)/ Volatile Memory

 Difference between RAM AND ROM

RAM ROM
RAM Stands for “Random-Access ROM stands for “Read-Only
memory”. memory”.

RAM is temporary memory. ROM is permanent memory.

The contents of RAM can be Read The contents of ROM can be only
and Write. Read.
When the computer is switched off. When system is switched off. ROM
RAM is also called volatile Memory. is also called Nonvolatile Memory.

The contents stored in RAM can be The contents stored in ROM can
changed, if need be. never be changed
Read Only Memory (ROM)/Non-Volatile Memory
ROM is permanent and is not erased when system is switched off. ROM
is also called Nonvolatile Memory. Memory capacity varies from 64 KB
to 256 KB (1 KB = 1024 bytes).
Cache Memory:
 It is a memory placed between CPU and main memory.
 It is faster compared to the primary memory.
 Parts of the program or data that need to be accessed
repeatedly are stored in cache memory.
 It is a volatile memory.

Registers:
 Registers are small memory units internally available within
the Processor.
 It is a volatile memory.
Output Devices:
 It is used to display or print the result.
 Monitor, printer and plotter are commonly used output
devices.
 If output is shown on the screen it is called soft copy. If it is
printed on the paper is called hard copy.
 Types of ROM
1. Mask ROM
2. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
3. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
 4. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory)
5. EAPROM (Electrically Alterable Programmable Read Only
Memory)

 Random Access Memory (RAM)/ Volatile Memory

RAM is temporary and is erased when the computer is switched
off. RAM is also called volatile Memory. Memory capacity varies
from 640 KB to several megabytes (1 Megabyte = 1024 KB).
 Types of RAM
1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
2. Static RAM (SRAM)

 Differences between Dynamic RAM & Static RAM

.Input Devices: devices through which computer receives the

information
• Keyboard
• Mouse
 • Scanner
• Output Devices: The output device is used to display or print
result from a computer
• Monitor
• Printers
• Plotter
• Speaker

 Generation of computers
It is divided into 5 Generation types:
 First Generation Computers (1946 – 1954)
 Second Generation Computers (1955 – 1964)
 Third Generation Computers (1965 – 1974)
 Fourth Generation Computers (1975 – 1984)
 Fifth Generation Computers (1985- till date )
1) First Generation Computers (1946 – 1954) : The first computers
used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
 They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
 First generation computers relied on machine language.
 . They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a
great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often
the cause of malfunctions.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices.
2. Second Generation Computers (1955 – 1964):
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers.
• Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic.
• High-level programming languages were also being developed at
this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
• These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in
their memory.

3. Third Generation Computers (1965 – 1974) :

  The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the
third generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed on siliconchips, called
semiconductors.
 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third
generation computers through keyboards
and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
 Allowed the device to run many different applications at one time.

4. Fourth Generation Computers (1975 – 1984):

 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon
chip.
 The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components
of the computer.
 From the central processing unit and memory to input/output
controls—on a single chip.
 . Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs,
the mouse and handheld devices.
5. Fifth Generation Computers (1985- till date):
 Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial
intelligence.
 Are still in development, though there are some applications, such
as voice recognition.
 The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to
make artificial intelligence a reality.
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and
self-organization.
It is divided into 5 types Computers:
 1. Supercomputer
 2. Mainframe Computer
 3. Minicomputer
 4. Microcomputer (personal Computer)
 Workstation computer
Translation of High-level language Program – Compiler/Interpreter
• The program written in a high-level language needs to be
translated into the language, which a machine understands.
Translation of a program from high-level language to low level
language is done by the software called Compiler & Interpreter.
  Differences between Compiler & Interpreter:

1. Machine Languages / First Generation Languages

 Each processor or CPU has its own set of instructions. These

instructions are binary instructions and written in a sequence of
‘0’s and ‘1’s.
 Any program written by using the binary instructions are known as
machine language.
 Machine language for every processor is different. Writing a
program in machine language is very burden and difficult.
 Advantages: The advantage of the machine language code is that a
processor can execute it without any transaction.
2. Assembly Language / Second Generation Languages
• The processor cannot understand the code written in assembly
language. So, it would not be able to execute assembly language
instructions.
• The processor understands the machine language. So, assembly
language programs have to be converted into machine language.
This is done by the assembler.
  Assembler: The assembler is a program, which converts an
assembly language program into machine code (object code),
which can be executed by the processor.

 Advantages: The advantage of the assembly language over

machine language is that it is more convenient for the programmer
to write programs in assembly language.
3. High Level Languages (HLL)
• High-level languages are machine independent. So, it is not
necessary to know the architecture details of a processor to write
the programs in these languages.
Ex: COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, ADA, C etc.
• Advantages: Writing programs in High Level Languages is more
easy because they provide the construct and set of statements
which are easy to use.
• Writing a program for problem in higher-level language is easier
than machine and assembly language. So, program development
time in high-level language is low.

 Parts of a Computer
To learn more about the components of a computer, let us examine the
various parts that are visible from outside. Basically, a computer
consists of a CPU, a monitor, a mouse and a keyboard. Some
Computers may also contain additional accessories like speakers, a
microphone, a headphone etc. The additional accessories simply
facilitate us to use the computer for doing something extra. A discussion
on the essential and optional components of the computer will be taken
up later on in this chapter. For the moment, let us discuss the
components of a simple computer.
1. CPU The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the processor. The
processor is fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various components, which
support the functioning of a PC.

The most important component of a computer is the central processing unit, or CPU,
also called the processor. The processor acts as the computer's brain, running programs
and sending and receiving signals to attached devices to keep the computer running.

2. System board/Motherboard which holds the Processor, Random Access Memory

and other parts, and has slots for expansion cards

• The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the

parts of a computer together.
• The motherboard is also called a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
• The Mother board is the largest card in the computer and it is the
one to which all other cards and the c.p.u are attached.
• The Mother board is electronic component
 • A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of
computer system.
3. RAM (Random Access Memory)- for program execution and short term data-
storage, so the computer doesn't have to take the time to access the hard drive to find
something. More RAM can contributes to a faster PC.

4. Switch-mode power supply.

SMPS stands for switch-mode power supply.

A switched-mode power supply (SMPS) is an electronic circuit that converts
power using switching devices that are turned on and off at high frequencies,
and storage components such as inductors or capacitors to supply power when
the switching device is in its non-conduction state.

 Cabinet
A computer cabinet is an enclosure with fitted, fixed or removable side panels and
doors. The cabinet contains a computer rack for mounting computers or other
electronic equipment.
5. Storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk, floppy
disk, CD-ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-
board) or on expansion cards

6. Video display controller that produces the output for the computer display

7. Computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Fire wire) to connect the
computer to external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners

8. Some type of a removable media writer:

9. CD - the most common type of removable media, cheap but fragile.

CD-ROM, , CD-RW, CD-R, DVD, DVD-ROM., DVD-RW, DVD-R,

11. Floppy disk

12. Tape Drive - mainly for backup and long-term storage

13. Internal storage - keeps data inside the computer for later use.
14. Hard disk - for medium-term storage of data.
The hard disk is a device which stores all programs and data in the computer. The capacity of
the hard disk is measured in Giga Bytes (GB). Larger the hard disk capacity, more the amount of
software programs and information that can be stored in it.
They are two types of hard disk
1) IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics
2) SATA-serial advanced technology attachment

15. Disk array controller

16. Sound card - translates signals from the system board into analog voltage levels, and
has terminals to plug in speakers.
17. Networking - to connect the computer to the Internet and/or other computers
18. Modem - for dial-up connections
19. Network card - for DSL/Cable internet, and/or connecting to other computers.

20. Other peripherals: In addition, hardware can include external components of a

computer system. The following are either standard or very common.
 The System Unit
The Keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer, etc. are all linked to the System Unit
through cables which are plugged into the back of the System Unit. The hard
disk, the floppy disk drive and the CD-ROM drive are placed inside this unit.

Vital components of the System Unit.

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
contains the microprocessor chip which undertakes all the thinking for the
PC and runs the programs according to the user’s commands and requests.
Following are the various types of CPU chips:
a. Pentium
b. Pentium Pro
c. Pentium III
d. Pentium IV
e. AMD Athlon
f. Intel Celeron
g. AMD Duron
h. Cyrix

2. CD-ROM Drive: CD-ROM drive is a device that reads the information

stored on CD-ROM disks, CD-ROM is an abbreviated term for ‘Computer
Disk – Read Only Memory’. The Speed of a CD-ROM drive is indicated
by a number followed by the alphabet ‘X’. The 56X CD-ROM is currently
the most popular drive specification. The CD-ROM disk is flat and circular
in shape and can store a lot more information as compared to a floppy disk.

3. Floppy Disk Drive: Floppy disk drive is a component that enables us to

read/store information on floppy disks. The floppy disk drive consists of a
slot to accept a floppy disk, a motor to spin the disk, and a recording/reading
device that moves across the disk to read or write data. A floppy disk (also
called diskette) is used to store information just as hard disk. It is a
removable device, its capacity is (1.44 MB). A PC has 3½ “ floppy disk
drive.
4. RAM Chips: RAM stands for Random Access memory, RAM chips are
components that help the computer to hold the program and it data
temporarily while the computer is working. RAM chips come in memory
sizes of 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB and so on.
5. RAM Chip Slots: These slots are meant to expand the computer’s random
access memory by incorporating additional RAM chips.

6. SCSI: SCSI stands for ‘Small Computer System Interface’ (pronounced

skuzzy). An SCSI provides an internal connector which in turn allows to
connect the computer to an external storage dev ice.
 7. Power Supply Unit: The components in a PC can work only when they get
electric supply. Most components require a 5 Volt supply while the floppy
and the hard disk require about 12 Volts. The power supply unit safeguards
the PC components by converting high-voltage current to low voltage.
8. Disk Drive Control Card: This stand controls the disk drive motors of the
PC and transfers data to the control circuitry and directs the read/write heads
to access data on the disk. It is permanently inserted in the motherboard.

9. Display/Video/Graphic Card: Display card is used to display the data to

the user. It is indirectly linked with the computer memory. Nowadays, it is
inbuilt in the motherboard. Two types of display cards are available. PCI
graphics card and the AGP card.
10.Printer Adaptor Card: The display / printer adaptor card is the link
between the PC’s memory, the monitor and the printer. It displays the
information on the monitor as well as allows it to be printed.

11.Expansion Slots: Expansion slots are long and narrow connectors which
allow to plug in expansion cards (also called adaptor cards), like the sound
card, network card etc.

12.ROM Chips: Read Only Memory (ROM) chips have data written on them
during manufacturing, that tells the CPU the tasks that it needs to carry out
when the CPU switched on.

13.Sound Card: This card allows you to play sound and music. The sound
card converts the digital information into electrical signals that speakers use.
When the speaker is connected to the sound card, the sound can be heard on
the speaker.

 The Front Part of a System Unit

The various components seen in the front part of a System Unit and their functions:

a) Power switch: The power on/off switch is used to turn on or off the power
to the PC.
b) Reset button: This button helps to restart the computer without disconnecting
the power supply.

c) Lights: The front panel of the system unit may display a variety of colored
indicator lights including power and turbo signals. These lights are used to
indicate whether the hard disk, the floppy disk or the CD-ROM is being read or
written.

d) Floppy Disk Drive: The System Unit contains a slit in which the floppy disk
can be inserted.

e) CD-ROM Drive: CD-ROM drive is used for reading the information stored on
CD-ROM disks.

f) Removable Storage Drives: Removable storage drive is an external device that

can be connected to the computer are CD writers and rewriters.

 The Backside of a System Unit

The back of the System Unit contains ports of various types. These are the Parallel
Port, the Serial Port and the Universal Serial Bus (USB).

Power IN and OUT Sockets: The sockets have cables plugged into them, which
carry the power from the electrical outlet to the System Unit, and from the System
Unit to the monitor.

Serial Ports: Serial ports connect the PC to a mouse or a modem. Most PCs are
fitted with two serial ports.

Video/Monitor Port: A cable from the monitor plugs into the video/monitor port
and carries the information to be displayed on the monitor.
Parallel port: The parallel port is usually used for connecting the computer to a
printer. Very often, it is referred to as the printer port. Its data transfer speed is
about eight times faster than the serial port.
Keyboard Port: The cable from the keyboard plugs into the keyboard port.

USB Port: A USB port is used for connecting any device with a USB connection.

Fan Housing: During operation, the electronic, components in a PC generate a lot

of heat, which is liable to overheat the system. To remove excess heart from the
system, fan is placed at the back of the unit.

Audio jack: An audio jack is used for connecting devices such as speakers
headphones or microphones.

Modem jack: This jack is mainly used in case of internal modems.

SCSI port: The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) port is used to connect
the external hard drive, the DVD drive or the scanner.

Network port: The network port allows you to connect a computer to other
computers in a network.
 Additional Devices
 The Printer
After creating a document on the computer, you can send it to the printer for
printing its hard-copy which is generally called a printout. The speed of a printer
is rated either by pages per minute (ppm) or by characters per second (cps).
Characteristics of the commonly used printers.
Printer Name Speed Price Technology
DOT-MATRIX 25 to 450 Least expensive Works by impact
PRINTER characters per
second or 1 to 18
pages perminute
INKJET PRINTER 0.5. to 4 pages per Less expensive Sprays ink through
 minute than color laser holes onto a page
printer
LASER PRINTER 4 TO 24 PAGES Expensive Uses a fine
PER MINUTE powdered ink called
toner

 The Scanner
The scanner is a device that can transfer typed or handwritten texts, graphs,
diagrams and photographs to the computer. Scanners can be used for storing
photographs and important documents in their original forms. They may also be
used to take in enormous text material that otherwise would be very tedious to type
manually. Types of scanners that are commonly used:
 The Modem
The Modem is technically called the ‘Modulator Demodulator’. It is an electronic
device, which helps transmit programs and data locally or around the world
through the telephone line. The main function of a modem is to transform digital
signals into analog signals and vice versa.
A modem may be a card mounted inside the PC (an internal modem), or it may be
a separate piece of equipment that connects to the serial port of the PC via a cable
(an external modem). Telephone lines then connect the modem to the telephone
service.

 Disassembling a PC
 Requirements for Disassembling:

1. P.C Which is assembled

2. Screw driver
3. Cutting player
4. Tester
PROCEDURE:

Step1: Shut down the PC if it is running

Step2: Switch of power supply and remove power cables from the power supply
switch.
Step3:Remove all the cables connected to CPU i.e.,.
a) Power plugs which are connected to CPU and Monitor
b) Remove all the cables from Input/ output panel ports.
c) Display cable
d) Keyboard
e) Mouse
f) Printer and LAN
g) Audio ports
h) Serial Port
Step4: Remove the screws of the slides from the cabinet and then remove the
slides from the Cabinet

Step5:Remove the power cables and data cables which are connected to mother
board and hard disk, CD-Drive , Floppy Drive.

Step6: Remove the front panel cables from the motherboard which are power –led
, key switch, hard disk ,drive led, Reset switch led, turbo switch led.

Step7: Remove the cable of Mother Board speakers.

Step8: Remove the screws of SMPS and Remove SMPS from the Cabinet.

Step9: Remove all expansion cables from motherboard which are LAN,
MODEM, Display…

Step10: Remove the screws of Hard Disk , CD-Drive and Floppy drive and then
remove Hard Disk, CD-Drive , Floppy drive from the Cabinet.
Step11: Remove the Screws of Mother Board and then remove motherboard from
the cabinet.

Step12: Remove the Locks of RAM and then remove the RAM from motherboard

Step13:Remove the Power cable of processor Fan.

Step14: Remove the Locks of Processor fan and the Remove Fan from the
Processor.

Step15: Remove the heat sinker from Processor.

Step16: Open interlocks of processor and then remove the processor from
processor slots/slogs.

Step17: Remove the CMOS Battery (Locks) from the Motherboard

 ASSEMBLING

 REQUIREMENTS FOR ASSEMNLING THE P.C TOOLS:-

 Screw Driver
 Cutting Player
 Tester

 COMPONENTS FOR P.C:

 Case
 Mother Board (ATX & NLX)
 Connectors
 Power supply
 Front Panel (power switch led)
 Back I/O panel (serial, parallel , USB Ports)
  Expansion Slots
 Memory module
 CPU
 Fans and Filters.

 Steps Required for P.C ASSEMBLING:

 Step1: Installation of CPU(Follow motherboard Manual)Install Heat sinker

Fan, do CPU arrangements , CPU sockets and Slots.

 Step2: Installation of Memory , SDR and DDR Memory.

 Step3: CMOS Battery installation (configure, Clock speed, Jumper and

multiplier Jumper)

 Step4: Install motherboard in case. Install wires for front panel and
mother power connectors.
 Take antistatic precautions property mount motherboard and screws it with
screws gently, properly aligns expansion slots and ensure ports. Proper
accessibility at the back.

 Step5: Case wiring (front panel ports) connect various wires like those
power led, Keys which restart switch, HDD led, Turbo switch and etc. to
corresponding motherboard positions.

 Step6: Install the power supply (install SMPS)

 Step7: Hard disk drive system installation. As Motherboard already

provides a aide HDD controller, simply connect hard disk drive to this
controller, and enable controller. Take HDD cable of 40 Pins and attach
correct and to the 40 pin HDD header on the Motherboard
 Step8: CD-ROM Drive:
  Installing on IDE (Integrated Development Environments) secondary
channel of the controller. Explain connections pin alignments, master slave
combination.
 Step9:Floppy drive installation
 If controller already is motherboard, don’t install a new controller, simply
connect the floppy drive cable to an attach the controller. End to the 34 pin
floppy drive disk (FDD) Header on the motherboard (take care of pins
Alignments)
 Step10:Sound board Installation:
 Installing an audio card, which use different interrupts .IVO address and
one DMA channel(Direct memory access). Beware of hard complies plug
and plug type to do automatically other jumper settings like MIDI and
game board setting.
 Step11:System precaution:
 Before closing things up, check whether all Hardware is physically,
properly installed and connected before installing on hard disk, check the
following.
a) Securing of motherboard , expansion boards and etc., no louse screws.
b) Check proper seating of expansion cards no interference with CPU RAM
Chips.
c) Routing properly , Ribbon cables etc.. always from heat of supply , Fans,
Video ports.
 Step12: Back up the CMOS
 If motherboard has a video port already attached. Connect monitor to this
port , enable video controllers, loading monitor drivers, choosing
resolution.
 Step13:Keyboard Installation
 Attach the keyboard cable to the corresponding port in the case. This port
would be connected to motherboard.
 Step14:Install the Mouse
 If there is a serial port to connect attach cable to proper connectors.
 Explain difference with PS/2 mouse and adaptor
 Explain bus mouse and how it is configured in open ISA slot.
 Step15:Burn in Test
Check component Failures by keeping devices and PC powered on long periods
after it is completely and successfully assembled.
 Step16:Step Button Up
 When all hardware components installed and connected, PC Powered on and
everything working properly than close the outer casing and bolt it
  Setting up a System
Setting up a system i.e. connecting the monitor, System Unit, keyboard, the mouse
and the UPS
 The keyboard has a plug which is round in shape and has 5 small pins. Connect
this plug to the tower (A).
 The plug of the mouse goes to the tower or the system unit at the back (B).
 The monitor has two plug cables. One of these cables connects to the tower
(C).
 The printer plug is connected to the tower (D).
 The speakers are connected to the tower (E).
 Connecting the Electrical Wires
 The system unit or the tower to the outlet (F).
 The monitor has two cables and one of them carries the electrical supply.
Connect the monitor to the outlet (G).
 The printer plug should be connected to the electrical supply (H).
 The plug carrying the electrical current to the speaker should be connected to
the outlet (I).
 Turning on the System
 Switch on the outlet button from where the computer is getting the power.
 Push on the POWER button located on the front of the tower or the system unit.
a light will glow indicating that the system is switched on. You may also hear
whirring noises. This means that your system is booting up.
 Switch on the button on the monitor. This will start the monitor and will be
indicated by a light.
 Wait for the computer to complete the booting process and display the next item
i.e. the box that enables you to log on to Windows by providing a password.
 Logging on
After turning on a system, you will want to establish ownership. This is called
logging on. If your computer connected to a network, a box will popup and ask
you to type in your user name and password. Usually, the user name is your last
name, but it can be anything.