One line method for calculating digits to the 3rd, 4th ,5th , 6th and 7th power by Stephen

Mogomotsi Modisane of South Africa.

Introduction

In 2006 Jain Mathemagics of Australia expose me to Vedic Mathematics which has been developed by a Vedic
Mathematics Scholar named Bharati Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja of Puri, who has developed sixteen Sutras (word
formula) It was after I have begun a search for mathematical truth. I read a book about the Biography of Paul
Erdos and watched a movie based on the life of John Nash whom were always eager to find the proof of the
mathematical theorems and number theories. The quest for mathematical truth continued while I was an
undergraduate student at the University Of Pretoria.

After learning how to square a number using one- line method of Vedic Mathematics, I started to search for a
way of calculating a numbers to the third power. Through intensive inspection, I discovered a pattern of cubing
a number. I was using my magic number which is number nine (9) and the base of ten (10). It is simple to
square powers of ten because zeros are attached to one but difficult when the number is less or more than the
base of the powers of ten. The one- line method of squaring and cubing a number using the n th power of ten,
where the number which is squared has an access (is more than the base) or has a deficiency(less than the
base) makes the calculations very easy.

My quest was disturbed in 2009 when I started to teaching permanently in high school. But I continued to read
articles authored by Jain Mathemagics. This year (2013) while I was admitted at the hospital, I had enough
time to search for mathematical truth and I have discovered how to raise a number to the fourth power. From
there Jain Mathemagics introduced me to Kenneth Williams of United Kingdom whom inspected my work. The
quest continued until I discovered how to raise a number to the fifth, sixth and seventh power. I used
Trachtenberg Speed system to confirm my answers. Have a look on how this system works:

9^0 = 1,

9^1 = 9 (10 – 1 = 9, a number to the left of 1 is 0)

9^2 = 81 (10 – 9 = 1, the last digit of the answer. A number to the left of 9 is 8 which is last digit of the answer.

9^3 = 729 (10 – 1 = 9, the last digit of the answer. A number to the left of 1 is 0. 10 -8 = 2, (second digit of the
answer). A number to the left of 8 is 7 which is last digit of the answer.

After I have learn from the Vedic mathematics a Sutra on how to square a number using the base of ten to the
nth power,) e.g.:

9^2= 9-1 / 1×1

= 8 /1
= 81

Another example
12^2= 12 + 2 / 2 × 2

= 14 / 4

= 144
My quest began to search for mathematical truth about powers of a number.

Here is an example of how to cube a number if the number is less than the base of ten (10).

9^3= 9-1 / 1×1 / - (1×9) / 1×1×9

= 8 /1 / -9 / 9
= 81 / -9 / 9
= 81 – 9 / 9
= 72 / 9
= 729

If the number is more than the base of ten (10), then

12^3= 12 + 2 / 2 × 2 / + (2 × 12) / 2× 2 × 12

= 14 / 4 / + 24 / 48

= 144 / +24 / 48

= 144 +24 / 48

= 168/ 48

= 1728

Raising a number to the power of 4 using the base of 10

9^4 = 9-1 / 1×1 / - (1×9) / 1×1×9 / - (1×9×9) / 1x 1×9×9

= 8 /1 / -9 / 9 / - 81 / 81

= 81-9 / 9 / - 81 / 81

= 72 / 9 / -81 / 81

= 729 / - 81 / 81

= 729 – 81 / 81

= 648 / 81

= 6561

Here is another example if the number is less than the base of ten (10)

8^4 = 8-2 / 2×2 / - (2×8) / 2×2×8 / - (2×8×8) / 2x2× 8×8

= 6 /4 -16 / 32/ - 128 / 256

= 64 / -16 / 32 / - 128 / 256

= 64 -16 / 32 / -128 / 256

= 48 / 32 / -128 / 256

= 521 / – 128 / 256

= 384 / 256

= 4096
Here is another example if the number is more than the base of ten (100)

108^4 = 108 + 8 / 8 × 8 / + (8 × 108) / 8× 8 × 108 / + (8 × 108 × 108) / (8 × 8 ×108 ×108)

= 116 / 64 / + 864/ 6912 / + 93312 / 746496

= 11664 / + 864/ 6912 / + 93312 / 746496

= 11664 + 864/ 6912 / + 93312 / 746496

= 12528 / 6912 / + 93312 / 746496

= 1259712 / +93312 / 746496

= 1259712+93312 / 746496

= 1353024 / 746496

= 136048896

Raising a number to the power of 5 using the base of 10

9^5 = 9-1 / 1×1 / - (1×9) / 1×1×9 / - (1×9×9) / 1x 1×9×9 / -(1×9×9×9) / -(1×9×1×9 ×9)
= 8 /1 -9 / 9 / - 81 / 81/ - 729 / 729
= 81-9 / 9 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729
= 72 / 9 / -81 / 81 / - 729 / 729
= 729 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729
= 729 – 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729
= 648 / 81 / - 729 / 729
= 6561 – 729 / 729
= 5832 / 729
= 59049

Here is another example if the number is more than the base of ten (10

12^5 = 12 + 2 / 2 × 2 / + (2 × 12) / 2× 2 × 12 / + (2 × 12 × 12) / (2 × 2 ×12 ×12) /+ (2 × 12 ×12 ×12) / 2 × 12 ×2

×12×12

= 14 / 4 / + 24 / 48 / +288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 144 / +24 / 48 / + 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 144 +24 / 48 / +288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 168/ 48 / + 288 / 576 / +3456 / 6912

= 1728 /+ 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 1728 + 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 2016 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 20 736 +3456 / 6912

= 24192 / 6912

= 248832
 Raising a number to the power of 6 using the base of 10

9^6 = 9-1 / 1×1 / - (1×9) / 1×1×9 / - (1×9×9) / 1x 1×9×9 / -(1×9×9×9) / (1×9×1×9 ×9) / - (1 × 9 ×9 × 9 × 9) / 1 × 9
×1 × 9 × 9 × 9
= 8 /1 -9 / 9 / - 81 / 81/ - 729 / 729 / - 6561 / 6561
= 81-9 / 9 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729 / 6561 / 6561
= 72 / 9 / -81 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561
= 729 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729 / - 6561 / 6561
= 729 – 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561
= 648 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561
= 6561 – 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561
= 5832 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561
= 59049 - 6561 / 6561
= 52488 / 6561
= 531441

Here is another example if the number is more than the base of ten (10

12^6 = 12 + 2 / 2 × 2 / + (2 × 12) / 2× 2 × 12 / + (2 × 12 × 12) / (2 × 2 ×12 ×12) /+ (2 × 12 ×12 ×12) / 2 × 12 ×2

×12×12 /+ (2 × 12 ×12 ×12×12) / 2 × 12 ×2 × 12 × 12 × 12

= 14 / 4 / + 24 / 48 / +288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912

= 144 / +24 / 48 / + 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 144 +24 / 48 / +288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 168/ 48 / + 288 / 576 / +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 1728 /+ 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 1728 + 288 / 576/ +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 2016 / 576/ +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 20 736 +3456 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 24192 / 6912 / + 41472 / 82944

= 248832 + 41472 / 82944

= 290304 / 82944

= 2985984

Raising a number to the power of 7 using the base of 10

9^7 = 9-1 / 1×1 / - (1×9) / 1×1×9 / - (1×9×9) / 1x 1×9×9 / -(1×9×9×9) / (1×9×1×9 ×9) / - (1 × 9 ×9 × 9 × 9) / 1 × 9
×1 × 9 × 9 × 9 / - (1 × 9 ×9 × 9 × 9 × 9 / / 1 × 9 ×1 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9
= 8 /1 -9 / 9 / - 81 / 81/ - 729 / 729 / - 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 81-9 / 9 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729 / 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 72 / 9 / -81 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561 /- 59049 / 59049
= 729 / - 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729 / - 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 729 – 81 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561 /- 59049 / 59049
= 648 / 81 / - 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 6561 – 729 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
 = 5832 / 729/ - 6561 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 59049 - 6561 / 6561 /- 59049 / 59049
= 52488 / 6561 / - 59049 / 59049
= 531441 - 59049 / 59049
= 472392 / 59049
= 4782969

Here are the algebraic equations

Squaring a number using the base of 10

Let n be the number

When a number is less than ten,

Where k = 10 – n and y = k × n

Then n^2 = 10 × (n – k) + (k × k)

e.g. 8^2 = 10 × (8 – 2) + (2 × 2)

= 10 × (6) + 4

= 60 + 4

= 64

When a number is more than 10,

Where k = n - 10 and y = k × n

Then n^2 = 10 × (n+ k) + (k × k)

e.g. 12^2 = 10 × (12+ 2) + (2 × 2)

= 10 × (14) + 4

= 140 + 4

= 144

Cubing a number using the base of 10

Let n be the number

When a number is less than ten,

Where k = 10 – n and y = k × n

Then n^3 = { [10 × (n – k) + (k × k)] – y} × 10 + (k × Y)

e.g. 7^3 = { [10 × (7 – 3)+ (3 × 3)] – (3 × 7)} × 10 + (3 × 3 × 7)

= { [10 × (4) + 9] – 21} × 10 + 63

= { [40 +9] – 21 } × 10 + 63

= {49 -21} × 10 + 63

= {28} × 10 + 63

= 280 + 63

= 343
When a number is more than 10

Where k = n - 10 and y = k × n

Then n^3 = { [10 × (n + k) + (k × k)] + y} × 10 + (k × Y)

e.g. 14^3 = { [10 × (14 + 4)+ (4 × 4)] + (4 × 14)} × 10 + (4 × 4 × 14)

= { [10 × (18) + 16] + 56} × 10 + 224

= { [180 +16] + 56 } × 10 + 224

= { 196 +56} × 10 + 224

= {252} × 10 + 224

= 2520 + 224

= 2744

Raising a number to the power of 4 using the base of 10

Let n be the number

When a number is less than ten,

Where k = 10 – n and y = k × n

Then n^4 =( { [10 × (n – k) + (k × k)] – y} × 10 + (k × Y) – [y × n] )× 10 + ( y × y)

e.g. 8^4 = ({ [10 × (8 – 2)+ (2 × 2)] – (2 × 8)} × 10 + (2 × 2 × 8) – [ 2 × 8 × 8] ) × 10 + ( 2 × 8 × 2 × 8)

= ({ [10 × (6) + 4] – 16} × 10 + 32 -128 ) × 10 +256

=( { [60+4] – 16 } × 10 + 32 ) – 128) × 10 + 256

= {[{64 -16} × 10 + 32] – 128} × 10 + 256

= { [(48) × 10 + 32] – 128 } × 10 +256

= [480 + 32) – 128 ] × 10 +256

= (512 – 128) × 10 +256

= 384 × 10 +256

= 3840 + 256

= 4096

Raising a number to the power of 4 using the base of 10

Let n be the number

When a number is more than ten,

Where k = n - 10 and y = k × n

Then n^4 =( { [10 × (n – k) + (k × k)] – y} × 10 + (k × Y) – [y × n] )× 10 + ( y × y)

e.g. 13^4 = ({ [10 × (13 + 3)+ (3 × 3)] + (3 × 13)} × 10 + (3 × 3 × 13) + [3 × 13 ×13] ) × 10 + (3 × 13 × 3 × 13)

= ([{ [10 × (16) + 9] + 39} × 10 + 117] +507 ) × 10 + 1521

 =( { [160+9] +39 } × 10 + 117 ) + 507 )× 10 + 1521

= {[{169 +39} × 10 + 117] + 507) × 10 + 1521

= { [(208) × 10 + 117] +507 } × 10 +1521

= [2080 + 117) + 507 ] × 10 + 1521

= (2197 + 507) × 10 +1521

= 2704 × 10 + 1521

= 27040 + 1521

= 28561

Raising a number to the power of 5 using the base of 10

Let n be the number

When a number is less than ten,

Where k = 10 – n and y = k × n

Then n^5 =[( { [10 × (n – k) + (k × k)] – y}×10 + (k × Y) – [y × n] )×10 + ( y × y) – (y × n × n)]×10 + (y × y ×n)

8 ^5 =[( { [10 × (8– 2) + (2 × 2)] – (2 x 8}×10 + (2 x 2 × 8) – [2 x 8 × 8] )×10 + ( 2 x 8 × 2 x 8) – (2 x8 × 8 × 8)]×10

+ (2 x 8 × 2 x 8 ×8)

=[( { [10 × (6) + 4] – (16}×10 + (32 ) – [128] )×10 + ( 256) – (1024)]×10 + 2048

= [({ [60 + 4] – (16}×10 + (32 ) – [128] )×10 + ( 256) – (1024)]×10 + 2048

= [({64 – 16} ×10 + (32) – [128]) ×10 + (256) – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [({48} ×10 + (32) – [128]) ×10 + (256) – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [(480 + 32 – [128]) ×10 + (256) – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [(512 – 128) ×10 + (256) – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [(384) ×10 + 256 – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [3840 + 256 – (1024)] ×10 + 2048

= [4096 – 1024] ×10 + 2048

= [3072] ×10 + 2048

= 30720 + 2048

= 32768

Therefore
n^6 ={[( { [10 × (n ± k) + (k × k)] ± y}×10 + (k × Y) ± [y × n] )×10 + ( y × y) ± ( y × n × n)]×10 + (y × y ×n) ± (y × n ×
n × n} ×10 + ( y × y × n × n)

And

n^7 =[ {[( { [10 × (n ± k) + (k × k)] ± y}×10 + (k × Y) ± [y × n] )×10 + ( y × y) ± ( y × n × n)]×10 + (y × y ×n) ± (y × n

× n × n} ×10 + ( y × y × n × n) ± ( y × n × n × n × n ] ×10 + (y × n × y × n × n × n)
conclusion

The advantage of this one- line method is that it depends only on the base of ten to the nth power (10 ^n) and
the deficiencies or the excesses of the number from the base, which makes the calculation very easy. I have
extended the method of squaring developed by Bharati Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja to achieve method of raising a
number to 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th power. My aim is to develop a one-line method that can raise a number to
the nth power.

Bibliography

1. Paul Hoffman. 1956. The man who loved only number. The story of Paul Erdos and the
search for mathematical truth. Hyperion, New York, USA
2. Bharati Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja. (1884 -1960). Vedic Mathematics. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
Private Limited, Delhi, India
3. A Beautiful Mind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr.
4. Trachtenberg, J. (1960). The Trachtenberg Speed System of Basic Mathematics. Doubleday
and Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, USA