Interpretation Transient Response of Second Order System

Department of Biomedical Medical
Engineering Riphah College of Science and

Technology Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences
Riphah International University
Program: B.Sc. Bio-Medical Engineering Semester: VI

Subject: BML-314 Biomedical Control System Date:
Experiment 7: Interpretation transient response of second order system
Objective:
1. To obtain transient response parameters of second order system
NAME: …………………………. SAP ID: ……………..
Lab Performance:
Sr.No Title Marks Obtained Marks
1 Subject Knowledge and Data Analysis 5
2 Ability to conduct experiment 5
3 Total 10
Lab Reports:
Sr.No Title Marks Obtained Marks
1 Report content and structure 5
2 Result and data presentation 5
3 Total 10
Remarks (if any)………………………………………………..
Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

Experiment 7: Interpretation Transient response of second order system
INTRODUCTION
This report investigates the transient response of a second-order system, focusing on key parameters such
as rise time, peak time, settling time, and overshoot. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for the
analysis and design of control systems. We will examine the theoretical foundations, perform a step
response analysis, and interpret the results.
The transient response of a second-order system provides essential insights into its performance and
stability. When subjected to a step input, the system's response reveals critical characteristics that define
its dynamic behavior. This report aims to interpret the transient response of a second-order system by
analyzing these characteristics and comparing them with theoretical expectations.
Step()
• step(sys) plots the step response of the dynamic system model sys.
• step(sys,Tfinal) simulates the step response from t = 0 to the final time t = Tfinal.
• step(sys,t) uses the user-supplied time vector t for simulation.
• [y t] = Step(sys) returns the output response y and the time vector t used for simulation
(if not supplied as an argument to step). No plot is drawn on the screen.
• step(sys1,sys2,...,sysN) plots the step responses of several models sys1,..., sysN on a
single figure
Stepinfo()
We use stepinfo() function to compute performance characteristics of the system from time
response of a step input signal.
• S = stepinfo(sys) computes the step-response characteristics for a dynamic system model

sys.
• S = stepinfo(y,t) computes step-response characteristics from an array of step-response
data y and corresponding time vector t
• S = stepinfo( ,'SettlingTimeThreshold',ST) lets you specify the threshold ST used in
the definition of settling time. The default value is ST = 0.02 (2%).
• S = stepinfo( ,'RiseTimeLimits',RT) lets you specify the lower and upper thresholds
used in the definition of rise time. By default, the rise time is defined as the time the
response takes to rise from 10 to 90% of the steady-state value (RT = [0.1 0.9]).
TIME RESPONSE SPECIFICATIONS
A typical step response of second order system is sown below
RiseTime — Time it takes for the response to rise from 10% to 90% of the steady-state response.
SettlingTime — Time it takes for the error |y(t) - yfinal| between the response y(t) and the steady-
state response yfinal to fall to within 2% of yfinal.
SettlingMin — Minimum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
SettlingMax — Maximum value of y(t) once the response has risen.
Overshoot — Percentage overshoot, relative to yfinal).
PeakTime — Time at which the peak value occur

Natural Frequency, ωn
The natural frequency of a second-order system is the frequency of oscillation of the system
without damping. For example, the frequency of oscillation of a series RLC circuit with the
resistance shorted would be the natural frequency.
The damping ratio, ζ
The damping ratio is a dimensionless measure describing how oscillations in a system decay
after a disturbance. The damping ratio is a system parameter, denoted by ζ (zeta), that can vary
from undamped (ζ = 0), underdamped (ζ < 1) through critically damped (ζ = 1) to overdamped
(ζ > 1).
For the transfer function given as
we can see that

ωn2 = 36 so ωn = 6
Also
2ζωn=4. so ζ = 0.35
6,
LAB TASK
1. Define the system shown above in Matlab as variable ‘sys’

2. Use Step(sys) function to show step response of the system
3. Use stepinfo(sys) function to get the parameters of the response
4. Use damp(sys) function to find damping ratio and natural frequency of the system
Calculate the damping factors for each of the systems given below and predict their output.
You can calculate the damping ratio using the formula given as
Where transfer function is given as :
Lab Task: 1
Calculation:
Simulink Output:
Code:
% Define the transfer function 'sys'

num = [12];
den = [1 8 12];
sys = tf(num, den);
% Plot poles and zeros of the system

[z, p, k] = tf2zp(num, den);
pzmap(sys);
% Show step response of the system

figure; % Open a new figure window
step(sys);
title('Step Response of the System');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
% Get parameters of the step response
step_info = stepinfo(sys);
disp('Step Response Parameters:');
disp(step_info);
% Find damping ratio and natural frequency of the system
[damping_ratio, natural_frequency] = damp(sys);
disp('Damping Ratio:');
disp(damping_ratio);
disp('Natural Frequency:');
disp(natural_frequency);
OUTPUT
Lab Task: 2
Calculation:
Simulink Outcome:
CODE:

num = [16];
den = [1 8 16];
sys = tf(num, den);

pzmap(sys);

step(sys);
xlabel('Time');
disp(step_info);
OUTCOME:
Lab Task: 3
Calculation:
Outcome:
Code:

num = [20];
den = [1 8 20];
sys = tf(num, den);

pzmap(sys);

step(sys);
xlabel('Time');
disp(step_info);
OUTCOME:
Class Task:
Calculation:
Simulink Outcome:
Code:

num = [36];
den = [1 4.2 36];
sys = tf(num, den);

pzmap(sys);

step(sys);
xlabel('Time');
disp(step_info);
OUTCOME:
CONCLUSION:

Interpretation Transient Response of Second Order System

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Department of Biomedical Medical

Engineering Riphah College of Science and

Program: B.Sc. Bio-Medical Engineering Semester: VI

Experiment 7: Interpretation transient response of second order system

1. To obtain transient response parameters of second order system

NAME: …………………………. SAP ID: ……………..

Remarks (if any)………………………………………………..

Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

• S = stepinfo(sys) computes the step-response characteristics for a dynamic system model

SettlingMin — Minimum value of y(t) once the response has risen.

SettlingMax — Maximum value of y(t) once the response has risen.

Overshoot — Percentage overshoot, relative to yfinal).

PeakTime — Time at which the peak value occur

The damping ratio, ζ

For the transfer function given as

we can see that

1. Define the system shown above in Matlab as variable ‘sys’

Where transfer function is given as :

% Define the transfer function 'sys'

% Plot poles and zeros of the system

% Show step response of the system

% Define the transfer function 'sys'

% Plot poles and zeros of the system

% Show step response of the system

% Define the transfer function 'sys'

% Plot poles and zeros of the system

% Show step response of the system

% Define the transfer function 'sys'

% Plot poles and zeros of the system

% Show step response of the system

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