ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Change of order of integration

Change of order of integration is done to make the evaluation of integral easier
The following are very important when the change of order of integration takes place
1. If the limits of the inner integral is a function of x (or function of y) then the first
integration should be with respect to y (or with respect to x )
2. Draw the region of integration by using the given limits
3. If the integration is first with respect to x keeping y as a constant then consider the
horizontal strip and find the new limits accordingly
4. If the integration is first with respect to y keeping x a constant then consider the
vertical strip and find the new limits accordingly
5. After find the new limits evaluate the inner integral first and then the outer integral
Example:
𝟏 𝒙
Change the order of integration ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Solution:
Given 𝑦: 0 → 𝑥
𝑥: 0 → 1
The region is bounded by 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1

𝑥: 𝑦 → 1
𝑦: 0 → 1
By changing the order we get
1 1
∫ ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0 𝑦

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Example:
𝒂 𝒂
Change the order of integration and hence evaluate it ∫𝟎 ∫𝒙 (𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Solution:
It is correct form, given order is 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 given 𝑦: 𝑥 → 𝑎
𝑥: 0 → 𝑎
the region is bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝑎

𝑥 axis limit represent the horizontal strip

𝑦 axis limit represents vertical path
changed order is 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥: 0 → 𝑦
𝑦: 0 → 𝑎
𝑎 𝑦 𝑎 𝑥3 𝑦
∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 [ 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑥] dy
0
𝑎 𝑦3
= ∫0 [ 3 + 𝑦 3 ] dy
𝑎
𝑦4 𝑦4 𝑎4 𝑎4 𝑎4
= [12 + ] = + =
4 0 12 4 3

Example:
𝟒𝒂 𝟐√𝒂𝒙
Change the order of integration for∫𝟎 ∫𝒙𝟐 ⁄𝟒𝒂 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙

Solution:
It is correct form
Given order is 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
Given 𝑦: 4𝑎 → 2√𝑎𝑥

𝑥: 0→ 4𝑎
The region is bounded by 𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦 , 𝑦 2 = 4a𝑥
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 4𝑎

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Changed order is 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 draw a horizontal strip

𝑦2
𝑥: 4𝑎 → 2√𝑎𝑦

𝑦 ∶ 0 → 4𝑎
2
𝑎𝑦
4𝑎 2√𝑎𝑦 4𝑎 𝑥 2𝑦 √
∫0 ∫𝑦 2⁄ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 [ ]𝑦2 𝑑𝑦
4𝑎 2
4𝑎

4𝑎 (2√𝑎𝑦)2𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦
= ∫0 { − [ ]2 } 𝑑𝑦
2 4𝑎 2
4𝑎 4𝑎𝑦 𝑦5
= ∫0 [( ) 𝑦 − 32𝑎2 ] 𝑑𝑦
2
4𝑎
4𝑎𝑦 3 𝑦6
=[ − 192𝑎2 ]
6 0
4𝑎(4𝑎)3 (4𝑎)6
= − 192𝑎2
6
128𝑎 4 4096
= − 𝑎4
3 192
64𝑎 4
= 3

Example:
𝒂
𝒃 √𝒃𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
Change the order of integration of ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎𝒃 𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 and hence evaluate it
Solution:
It is correct form
Given order is 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑎
Given 𝑥 ∶ 0→ 𝑏 √𝑏2 − 𝑦 2

𝑦∶ 0 → 𝑏
𝑎 𝑥2 𝑦2
The region is bounded by 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑏 √𝑏2 − 𝑦 2 ⇒ 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1

𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑏

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Changed order is 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥

Draw the vertical strip
𝑏
𝑦 ∶ 0 → 𝑎 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥∶ 0→ 𝑎
𝑏
𝑏
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎 2−𝑥 2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑎
∫0 ∫0𝑎 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 [ 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
0
𝑏 2
2 2
𝑎 [ √𝑎 −𝑥 ] 𝑥
= ∫0 𝑎 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑏2 𝑎
= 2𝑎2 ∫0 𝑥(𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑏2 𝑎
= 2𝑎2 ∫0 (𝑥𝑎2 − 𝑥 3 )dx
𝑎
𝑏2 𝑎 2𝑥 2 𝑥4
= 2𝑎2 [ − ]
2 4 0

𝑏2 𝑎4 𝑎4
= 2𝑎2 [ 2 − ]
4
𝑎4 𝑎4 𝑎2 𝑎4
= 𝑏2 [2𝑎2 − ] = 𝑏2 [ − ]
4 2 4
𝑎 2𝑏 2
= 8

Example:
𝟏 𝟐−𝒙
Change the order of integration and hence evaluate ∫𝟎 ∫𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Solution:
It is correct form
Given order is 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
Given 𝑦 ∶ 𝑥 2 → 2 − 𝑥
𝑥∶ 0 →1
The region is bounded by = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 2

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𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1

Now divide the region in to two parts i.e. R1 and R2

Changed order is 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
Draw horizontal strip
For Region R1
Limits are 𝑥: 0 → √𝑦
𝑦: 0 → 1
1 √𝑦 1 𝑥 2 𝑦 √𝑦
∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 [ 2
] 𝑑𝑦
0
1 (√𝑦)2𝑦
= ∫0 𝑑𝑦
2
1 𝑦2
= ∫0 dy
2
1
𝑦3
= [6]
0

= 1/6
For region R2
Limits are 𝑥 ∶ 0 → 2 − 𝑦
𝑦∶ 1→2
2 2−𝑦 2 2−𝑦
𝑥 2𝑦
∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑦
1 0 1 2 0
2 (2−𝑦)2𝑦
=∫1 𝑑𝑦
2
2 (4−4𝑦+𝑦 2 )𝑦
= ∫1 𝑑𝑦
2
2
1 4𝑦 2 4𝑦 3 𝑦4
=2 [ − + ]
2 3 4 1

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1 32 4 1
= 2 [8 − + 4 − 2 + 3 − 4]
3
5
= 24

R = R1 + R2
1 5
= 6 + 24
3
=8

Example:
𝟏 𝟐−𝒚
Change the order of integration in ∫𝟎 ∫𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 and hence evaluates

Solution:
It is correct form
𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 → 2−𝑦
𝑦: 0 → 1
The region is bounded by 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 = 1

Now divide the region into two parts ie. R1 and R2

Changed order is 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
Draw horizontal strip
For region R1
Limits are 𝑥: 0→ 1
𝑦: 0 → 𝑥
1 2−𝑦 1 𝑥
∫0 ∫𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

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1 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑥
= ∫0 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
2 0
1 𝑥3
= ∫0 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
3−0
1
1 1 1 𝑥4
= 2 ∫0 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = [ ]
2 4 0
1 1
= 8 [𝑥 4 ]10 = [ 1 − 0]
8
1
=8

For region R2
𝑥: 1 → 2
𝑦: 0 → 2 − 𝑥
2 2−𝑥 2 𝑥𝑦 2 2−𝑥
∫1 ∫0 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
2 0
2 𝑥 (2−𝑥)2
= ∫1 [ − 0] 𝑑𝑥
2

1 2 𝑥(4+𝑥 2− 4𝑥)
= 2 ∫1 𝑑𝑥
2
1 2
= 2
∫1 (4𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥3
= 2 [4 + −4 ]
2 4 3 1
2
1 𝑥4 𝑥3
= [2𝑥 2 + −4 ]
2 4 3 1

1 16 4 1 4
= [(8 + − 3 (8)) − (2 + 4 − 3)]
2 4

1 32 1 4
= 2 [8 + 4 − − 2 − 4 + 3]
3
1 5 5
= 2 [12] = 24

⇒ R = R1 + R2
1 5
= 8 + 24
1
=
3

Example:
∞ ∞ 𝒆−𝒚
Change the order of integration ∫𝟎 ∫𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 and hence evaluate it
𝒚

Solution:
It is correct form
Given order is 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Given 𝑦 ∶ 𝑥 → ∞

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𝑥∶ 0→ ∞

Changed order is 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

Draw a horizontal strip
𝑥∶ 0→𝑦
𝑦∶ 0→ ∞
∞ 𝑦 𝑒 −𝑦 ∞ 𝑥 𝑦
∫0 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫𝑜 [𝑒 −𝑦 𝑦 ] 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 0
∞ 𝑒 −𝑦 ∞
= ∫𝑜 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = [ ]
1 0
−∞ 0
= −[𝑒 −𝑒 ] =1
Example:
𝒂 𝒂 𝒙
Change the order of integration I = ∫𝟎 ∫𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 and the evaluate it
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

Solution:
It is correct form
Given order 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑥∶ 𝑦→𝑎
𝑦∶ 0→ 𝑎
The region is bounded by 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑦 = 0,𝑦 = 𝑎

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Changed order is 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Draw a vertical strip
𝑦∶ 0→𝑥
𝑥∶ 0→ 𝑎
𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑦
∫0 ∫0 dy dx = ∫0 𝑥 [ (𝑥 )] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 0
𝑎 𝑥
= ∫0 [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 0] 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝜋
= ∫0 𝑑𝑥
4

𝜋 𝑎
= [ 4 𝑥]
0
𝜋
= 𝑎
4

MA8151 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I