RESEARCH - ON - CRYPTOCURRENCIES g8
RESEARCH - ON - CRYPTOCURRENCIES g8
RESEARCH - ON - CRYPTOCURRENCIES g8
ABSTRACT:
This research paper delves into the utilization of secondary data collection methods within
the realm of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. As the prominence of these
technologies grows, understanding their implications and dynamics becomes increasingly
crucial.Cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have disrupted traditional
financial systems and captured worldwide attention. This paper provides a comprehensive
analysis of the cryptocurrency market dynamics, regulatory challenges faced by the industry,
and potential applications of blockchain technology beyond cryptocurrencies. It examines
the fundamental concepts of cryptocurrencies, their decentralized nature, and the
blockchain's role in enabling secure, transparent, and immutable transactions. The paper
delves into the factors influencing cryptocurrency market volatility, including speculation,
regulatory uncertainty, and adoption rates. Furthermore, it explores the regulatory landscape
surrounding cryptocurrencies, highlighting the challenges faced by governments and
financial authorities in striking a balance between fostering innovation and mitigating risks.
Finally, the paper discusses the potential applications of blockchain technology across
various sectors, such as supply chain management, healthcare, and identity management,
showcasing the transformative potential of this revolutionary technology.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The emergence of cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology has sparked a
paradigm shift in the financial ecosystem, challenging conventional notions of money,
transactions, and trust. As a decentralized and secure digital ledger, the blockchain has
facilitated the creation of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and countless others,
enabling peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries such as banks or
financial institutions.
Since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009, the cryptocurrency market has experienced
remarkable growth, attracting significant attention from investors, entrepreneurs, and
regulatory bodies alike. The disruptive nature of cryptocurrencies has sparked debates and
raised concerns regarding their potential impact on financial stability, consumer protection,
and regulatory oversight. At the same time, the underlying blockchain technology has
garnered interest beyond the realm of digital currencies, presenting transformative potential
across various industries.
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blockchain, these applications aim to revolutionize traditional processes, enhance trust,
reduce intermediaries, and drive efficiency across diverse industries.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
[1] “Exploring the impact of cryptocurrency adoption on financial systems” by Smith J and
Johnson ,A., journal of innovation,2024.
This paper defines cryptocurrencies that digital virtual form of currency utilising
cryptographic techniques for secure transactions and decentralised control and it elaborates
on blockchain technology as underlying framework for cryptocurrencies. It ensures the
integrity and immutability of transactions records
[2] “Crypto currencies and decentralised finance (defi)” by Igor Makarov and Antoinette
scholar, 16 Dec 2022.
Explore the benefits and challenges of different systems, comparing them with traditional
financial systems. The paper discusses transaction costs, competition, regulatory compliance
and enforcement of laws in the defi space.
[3] “Block chain technology: benefits, Challenges, applications, and integration of block chain
technology with cloud computing by Gousia Habib, sparsh Sharma, Sarah Ibraham, Imtiaz
ahmed , Shaima Qureshi, and Malik Ishfaq”.
Blockchain technology has transcended its original cryptocurrency use showing its
potentially areas like cross-border, payments format smart contracts and supply chain
management due to its decentralised nature. This innovation has sparked significant interest
this paper explores blockchain development, applications beyond digital
currencies,challenging distribute distributed ledgers and letting its transformative potential
account to the interest.
[4] “Evolution dynamics of the cryptocurrency market by Abeer Elbahray and others,15
November 2017”
It investigates the entire cryptocurrency market from April 2013 to 2017 of June. It reveals
that while the market capitalization by cryptocurrency has been increasing super
exponentially, several market share, properties such as the number of active crypto
currencies and market share distribution have remained stable. The study uses an ecological
perspective and the neutral mode of evolution. No selective advantage of 1 cryptocurrency
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[5] “Regulation of cryptocurrencies in India, issues Ann challenges” by Deshant Singh
Thakur , prof Raj A varma , Prof Damodar Mayappa Hake
This paper examines the surge and cryptocurrencies interest and market growth by 500%
post COVID-19, it aims to explore user expectation trust in cryptocurrencies and their
practical uses focusing on their economic influences and regulatory implications in here. The
people seeks to offer insights into the evolving role of cryptocurrency in India’s digital
This paper explores the impact of rapid increase in online activities on the emergence and
growth of reprograms ease. It examines user expectations and confidence in
cryptocurrencies amid regulatory uncertainties and measures their adoption for a practical
perspective
This paper introduces a novel approach for enhancing the security and transactions of
trustworthiness of blockchain crypto. It proposes using a hidden mask .The effectiveness of
this method is accessed using the ERL metric in the trustless digital economy.
The original white paper that introduced the concept of Bitcoin and blockchain technology
proposing A decentralised digital currency system based on peer-to-peer transactions and
crypto graphic proof instead of trust in central authority lays the foundation for the
development of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology.
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[10] “blockchain and crypto currency our comparative study” by R Shrehtha , R vatrid ,2021.
[11] “Blockchain based supply chain management or comprehensive survey by our easy 2
comprehensive survey” by R . Azi , 2019.
It examines the use of blockchain technology for supply chain management and its potential
benefits. Total examination of how blockchain can enhance transparency traceability and
efficiency within supply chain. The challenges associated with adopting blockchain and
supply chain operations overall it provides valuable insights into the transformative potential
of blockchain technology in optimising supply chain process optimising supply chain process
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
AIM:
HYPOTHESIS:
1. Market cap for crypto is exponentially increasing through each financial year.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
- Secondary Data
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CHAPTER – 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This graph shows the total market capitalization of the cryptocurrency market over time, broken
down by the market capitalization of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and other cryptocurrencies. A
few key observations:
The overall trend shows a significant increase in the total crypto market capitalization over the
2017-2023 period, with several major peaks and valleys.
Bitcoin and Ethereum have consistently been the two largest contributors to the total market cap,
with their relative shares fluctuating over time.
The "Other" category, which includes various altcoins, has also grown substantially, indicating the
increasing diversity and spread of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
The graph highlights the volatility and rapid growth that has characterized the cryptocurrency
market in recent years.
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DeFi Total Value Locked This graph shows the total value locked (TVL) in decentralized
finance (DeFi) protocols over time, broken down by different blockchain networks and DeFi
platforms. Some key insights:
1. The TVL in DeFi has grown significantly, reaching over $50 billion by November 2023,
reflecting the rapid expansion of this sector.
2. Ethereum remains the dominant blockchain for DeFi, with the largest share of the
TVL throughout the period.
3. Other blockchain networks, such as Tron, Polygon, Solana, and Avalanche, have also
gained traction and captured a growing portion of the DeFi TVL over time.
4. The fluctuations in the TVL across different protocols and networks highlight the
dynamic nature of the DeFi ecosystem, with users shifting funds between various
platforms.
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Share of Global FX Transactions This graph shows the share of global foreign exchange (FX)
transactions by currency, from 1989 to 2022. Some key observations:
1. The US dollar (USD) has consistently held the largest share of global FX transactions,
accounting for around 80% of the market throughout the period.
2. The Euro (EUR) and Japanese Yen (JPY) have also maintained significant shares, with
the Euro gaining prominence after its introduction in 1999.
3. The share of Pre-Euro FX transactions, which includes currencies like the German
Mark and French Franc, has steadily declined as the Euro has become the dominant
currency in Europe.
4. The share of other currencies, such as the British Pound (GBP) and Chinese Yuan
(CNY), has remained relatively stable over time, with some fluctuations.
5. This graph highlights the continued dominance of the US dollar in global currency
markets, despite the emergence of other major currencies.
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1. The TVL in DeFi has grown significantly, reaching over $50 billion by November 2023,
reflecting the rapid expansion of this sector.
2. Ethereum remains the dominant blockchain for DeFi, with the largest share of the
TVL throughout the period.
3. Other blockchain networks, such as Tron, Polygon, Solana, and Avalanche, have also
gained traction and captured a growing portion of the DeFi TVL over time.
4. The fluctuations in the TVL across different protocols and networks highlight the
dynamic nature of the DeFi ecosystem, with users shifting funds between various
platforms.
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Share of Global FX Transactions This graph shows the share of global foreign exchange (FX)
transactions by currency, from 1989 to 2022. Some key observations:
1. The US dollar (USD) has consistently held the largest share of global FX transactions,
accounting for around 80% of the market throughout the period.
2. The Euro (EUR) and Japanese Yen (JPY) have also maintained significant shares, with
the Euro gaining prominence after its introduction in 1999.
3. The share of Pre-Euro FX transactions, which includes currencies like the German
Mark and French Franc, has steadily declined as the Euro has become the dominant
currency in Europe.
4. The share of other currencies, such as the British Pound (GBP) and Chinese Yuan
(CNY), has remained relatively stable over time, with some fluctuations.
5. This graph highlights the continued dominance of the US dollar in global currency
markets, despite the emergence of other major currencies.
Correlation Matrix This correlation matrix shows the relationships between various financial
assets, including cryptocurrencies, commodities, and traditional financial instruments, over
the period from January 1 to November 30, 2023. Some key observations:
1. The correlation values range from -1 to 1, indicating the degree and direction of the
relationship between the assets.
2. Bitcoin (BTC/USD) exhibits a relatively high positive correlation with Ethereum
(ETH/USD) and a moderate positive correlation with other cryptocurrencies like CRY
and US2Y.
3. Bitcoin shows a negative correlation with traditional assets like the US 10-Year
Treasury Yield (US10Y) and the S&P 500 Index (S&P500), suggesting that it may
provide diversification benefits in a portfolio.
4. Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies also demonstrate varying degrees of positive
and negative correlations with traditional financial instruments, highlighting the
unique risk and return characteristics of digital assets.
5. The correlation matrix provides insights into the potential diversification
opportunities and risks associated with including cryptocurrencies and other assets
in an investment portfolio.
CHAPTER 5
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DISCUSSION
Law enforcement and the security industry could benefit from blockchain-based techniques
to ensure that video recordings used for evidence are genuine. Having video evidence
signed and time-stamped in a non-repudiable fashion, using blockchain, protects it from
being faked, altered or denied by anyone using tools like deepfake software that are widely
available on the internet. - Thomas Jensen, Milestone Systems
2. Supply Chains
The temp-assurance or cold-chain space will benefit greatly from leveraging blockchain. The
collective supply chain is very difficult to track and trace from end to end, especially with so
many different and independent players involved in getting even one package to its
destination. Blockchain can ensure that critical medicine is delivered safely within key
parameters. The same is true for food. - Samantha Williams, Sonoco
Blockchain will ensure that no piece of inventory occurs in the same place two
times.
Data in blockchain will stay impaired permanently.
Issues in the supply chain can be addressed seamlessly through blockchain.
Inefficiencies and cost of the supply chain can be reduced by a blockchain distributed
system.
Goods can be traced to every single node of the supply chain.
3. Media
In the world we live in, media production and distribution (think NBC, ESPN, Sky, NFL,
Amazon and others), content ownership and licensing are where the money is made.
Blockchain could possibly transform the rights and ownership of media (audio or video)
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assets. The challenge is that the industry runs off standards defined by SMPTE and other
standards bodies that would need to be developed. - Scott Murray, Telestream
Blockchain would help anything associated with banking and finance, as money-
related fraud is on the rise. Though blockchain has downsides, especially in performance, I
believe that it can be improved in the near future. Soon, we’ll see more blockchain-based
alternatives to third-party payment services, bringing additional security and convenience to
customers, as well as different currency support and international transactions. - Nadya
Knysh, a1qa
Having trackable, transparent records and logs will hugely benefit this industry, but having
such ability without the need of being centralized (much like the physical process itself)
allows for much greater scale and completeness. - Lewis Liu, Eigen Technologies
6. Healthcare
Blockchain would enable end-to-end understanding of both the clinical information and the
spend at an individual patient level. This would enable patients to truly own their own
health. - Jennifer Esposito, Magic Leap
Blockchain can be used to manage the cost of patient care & treatment.
It can aid in managing and preventing pandemics in the future.
It will enhance research in medical treatment & medicine.
It will eradicate breaches in doctor-patient confidentiality.
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Supply Chain Management:
Healthcare:
Identity Management:
Real Estate:
Voting Systems:
Energy Sector:
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Increased financial inclusion and access to global markets
Charitable Donations:
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Varying national approaches to cryptocurrencies, with some countries adopting them as
legal tender while others have banned or regulated them differently
No significant differences were observed for cryptocurrency mining and the period when
students learned about cryptocurrencies
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audience. Moreover, addressing security concerns and building trust among users
enhances cryptocurrency's adaptability by mitigating barriers to adoption
Trust and Security: Trust plays a crucial role in the adaptability of cryptocurrency. As
mentioned, trust acts as a moderator that influences individuals' decision-making
processes regarding cryptocurrency adoption Cryptocurrency's adaptability relies on
maintaining and strengthening trust through robust security measures and transparency
in transactions.
Return (Mean): This is the average return of the investment over the one-month period.
Here, Shiba Inu (SHIB) has the highest mean return, which means it has the highest
average return over the one-month period. Conversely, Ethereum (ETH) has the lowest
mean return, which means it has the lowest average return over the one-month period.
Security Levels of Wallets: Security levels of wallets depend on the type. Cold wallets,
typically USB-based hardware devices, are considered the most secure due to their
offline storage. Hot wallets, including desktop, mobile, and online wallets, are more
vulnerable to cyberattacks due to their constant internet connection.
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distributed ledgers, and consensus mechanisms (like proof-of-work) to ensure
transaction security and immutability.
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT): DLT offers an alternative approach to recording and
sharing data across a network. While similar to blockchain, DLT offers various consensus
algorithms and data storage methods.
CHAPTER 6
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CONCLUSION
Over the last decade or so, cryptocurrencies and blockchain have completely shaken up the
world of finance as we know it. It all started with the launch of Bitcoin back in 2009, which
kicked off an explosion of interest and growth in this new decentralized digital currency
market.
Since those early days, we've seen the total value of all cryptocurrencies skyrocket to
astronomical levels, even with all the wild ups and downs along the way. While Bitcoin and
Ethereum have reigned supreme, we've also witnessed a diverse "altcoin" ecosystem
emerge with new crypto projects exploring different applications of blockchain.
One area that's been particularly hot is decentralized finance – the DeFi space. By November
2023, over $50 billion in value was locked up in various DeFi protocols and apps, mostly on
the Ethereum network but with growing traction on other blockchains like Tron, Polygon,
Solana and Avalanche. It's been a rapidly evolving, competitive landscape.
But along with the incredible growth has come a lot of volatility and unpredictability in
crypto markets. Speculative trading, regulatory uncertainties, and fluctuations in
mainstream adoption have contributed to the wild price swings we've seen. Investors have
had to develop strong risk management skills to navigate this rollercoaster.
Speaking of regulations, that's been one of the biggest challenges for the industry.
Governments around the world have been grappling with how to properly oversee and
manage these new digital assets and platforms. Some have banned crypto outright, while
others have taken a more open-minded but cautious embrace. Finding that perfect balanced
approach has been really complicated.
Despite the focus on crypto investment and trading, the real long-term potential of
blockchain lies in its applications far beyond just digital currencies. We're seeing innovative
use cases emerge in supply chains, healthcare, identity management, real estate, voting
systems and more. The decentralized, secure and transparent nature of blockchain enables
these transformative solutions.
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As the technology continues maturing, what's been really impressive is how adaptable
cryptocurrencies and blockchain have proven to be. Technological advances, finance industry
innovations, evolving regulations, and growing public awareness have all allowed this space
to keep evolving and finding product-market fit.
Of course, there are still major hurdles to overcome around scalability, projects being able to
communicate across networks, and compliance with laws and rules. But overall, there's no
denying the paradigm shift we've witnessed so far. Crypto and blockchain have completely
challenged traditional notions around money, financial transactions and trust itself.
As this revolution presses forward, the effects on the global financial system and other
domains are going to become even more profound and far-reaching. We've only
experienced the opening act so far. The main event may end up being Technology 2.0
redefining life as we know it.
CHAPTER 7
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REFERNCES
Source :
“Exploring the impact of cryptocurrency adoption on financial systems” by Smith J
and Johnson ,A., journal of innovation,2024.
“Crypto currencies and decentralised finance (defi)” by Igor Makarov and Antoinette
scholar,16 Dec 2022.
“Block chain technology: benefits, Challenges, applications, and integration of block
chain technology with cloud computing by Gousia Habib, sparsh Sharma, Sarah
Ibraham, Imtiaz ahmed , Shaima Qureshi, and Malik Ishfaq”.
“Evolution dynamics of the cryptocurrency market by Abeer Elbahray and others,15
November 2017”
“Regulation of cryptocurrencies in India, issues Ann challenges” by Deshant Singh
Thakur , prof Raj A varma , Prof Damodar Mayappa Hake
“The growth of cryptocurrency in India” By Shilak Jani.
“Monetary blockchain cryptocurrencies transaction to improve the trustworthiness
of the last Indian revolution by kamir sabri, Abbas madani ,27 number November
2020.
“ Bitcoin: A peer to peer electronics cash systems” by Satoshi,Nakamoto,2008.
“Decentralized Blockchain – Based electronic marketplace” by M Branshy , A
esmailbakis ,2019,
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/06/10/15-industries-that-
could-significantly-benefit-from-blockchain-technology/
https://www.valuecoders.com/blog/blockchain-ml/blockchain-industries/
([https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163477]
(https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163477))
Varying national approaches to cryptocurrencies, with some countries adopting them
as legal tender while others have banned or regulated them differently. (Source:
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2024 crypto market outlook - 2024 Crypto Market Outlook | Coinbase Institutional
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