CCNA Subnetting Questions

Created by Paul Stewart - CCIE Security on Jan 7, 2014 3:46 PM. Last modified by Paul Stewart
- CCIE Security on Jan 19, 2014 5:06 AM.
Visibility: Open to anyone

1. Given the IP address of 172.16.1.1 with a mask of 255.255.255.0--How many total subnets
could be created? (assume all subnets use the same subnet mask)

65536

254

256

64

2. Represent /26 in dotted decimal format.

255.0.0.0

255.255.255.192

255.255.255.0

255.255.255.128

3. What address Class does 172.16.33.1/24 belong to?

Class A

Class B

Class C
Class D

4. When calculating usable hosts per subnet, the following formula is used 2^bits - 2. For what
reason is two subtracted? (choose two)

Broadcast

Multicast

Unicast

Network

5. Your organization is designing a Wide Area Network. Locations have varying numbers of
hosts. The largest network will have no more than 55 hosts. What subnet mask accomplishes the
goal and maximizes the number of subnets that may be created?

255.255.255.192

/25

255.255.255.224

/27

6. How many hosts can be located on a network, where the IPv4 netmask is 27 bits?

27

30

32

5
7. What are two ways to represent a network mask that would allow 14 hosts?

/14

255.255.255.240

255.255.14.0

/28

8. How many hosts can be addressed on 10.0.0.0/16?

16

254

65536

65534

9. Convert the following binary to decimal--01101101.

225

109

1101

112

10. Choose the true statements (choose two).

Odd numbers have the least significant bit set to 0

Even numbers have the least significant bit set to 0

Odd numbers have the least significant bit set to 1

Even numbers have the least significant bit set to 1

11. What subnet mask will allow for 128 hosts on a subnet? (choose the best two answers)

/25

/24

255.255.255.0

255.255.255.128

12. Based on 1.1.1.0/24, the IP address would be:

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Answers

1. Given the IP address of 172.16.1.1 with a mask of 255.255.255.0--How many total subnets could be created?
(assume all subnets use the same subnet mask)
65536

254

256 <--

64

2. Represent /26 in dotted decimal format.

255.0.0.0

255.255.255.192 <--

255.255.255.0

255.255.255.128

3. What address Class does 172.16.33.1/24 belong to?

Class A

Class B <--

Class C

Class D

4. When calculating usable hosts per subnet, the following formula is used 2^bits - 2. For what reason is two
subtracted? (choose two)

Broadcast <--

Multicast

Unicast
Network <--

5. Your organization is designing a Wide Area Network. Locations have varying numbers of hosts. The largest
network will have no more than 55 hosts. What subnet mask accomplishes the goal and maximizes the number of
subnets that may be created?

255.255.255.192 <--

/25

255.255.255.224

/27

6. How many hosts can be located on a network, where the IPv4 netmask is 27 bits?

27

30 <--

32

7. What are two ways to represent a network mask that would allow 14 hosts?

/14

255.255.255.240 <--

255.255.14.0

/28 <--

8. How many hosts can be addressed on 10.0.0.0/16?

16

254

65536

65534 <--

9. Convert the following binary to decimal--01101101.

225

109 <--

1101

112

10. Choose the true statements (choose two).

Odd numbers have the least significant bit set to 0

Even numbers have the least significant bit set to 0 <--

Odd numbers have the least significant bit set to 1 <--

Even numbers have the least significant bit set to 1

11. What subnet mask will allow for 128 hosts on a subnet? (choose the best two answers)

/25

/24 <--

255.255.255.0 <--

255.255.255.128
12. Based on 1.1.1.0/24, the IP address would be:

Class A <--

Class B

Class C

Class D
Answers

1. What is an IP address?
IP address is an network layer protocol address for a host in a TCP/IP network.
2. What is the use of an IP address?
IP address is used to uniquely identify each host in a network. IP address is needed in order to
communicate with other hosts in the network using the TCP/IP suite of protocols.
3. Which version of IP is covered by this document?
This document covers IP version 4.
4. Which RFC specifies the IP address standard?
RFC 1166 specifies the IP Version 4 address format.
5. How a host determines its IP address?
A host determines its IP address during the boot-up process either from a configuration file
stored in the local hard disk of the system or using a network protocol like RARP, DHCP, BOOTP
from the servers in the network.
6. Is there any relation between the MAC address and IP address of a host?
No. There is no relation between the MAC address and the IP address of a host.
7. Can a single network interface have more than one IP address associated with it?
Yes. It is possible to associate more than one IP address to a single network interface. This is
discussed in detail in RFC 1122.
8. What is the difference between a host name and an IP address?
A host name is used to identify a host by human beings and higher level user applications. But IP
protocol uses only IP addresses to identify a host in the network. A host-name is provided just as
a convenience for users of the network and higher level applications.
9. How a host name is resolved to the corresponding IP address?
A host name is resolved to the corresponding IP address either from a configuration file stored
in the local machine or using a network protocol like DNS or WINS from a server in the network.
10. What is the size of an IP address?
The size of an IP address is 32 bits (4 bytes).
11. How an IP address is represented?
The following notation is used to represent an IP address. This notation is called the dotted
 decimal format: M.N.O.P, where M, N, O and P represent the first, second, third and fourth
bytes of an IP address respectively. The size of each byte is 8 bits and the value of each byte can
be from 0 to 255. For example, 192.9.205.21 is an IP address.
12. What are the components of an IP address?
A IP address consists of the following components: Network ID and Host ID. For example, in the
IP address 192.9.205.21, the network ID is 192.9.205 and the host ID is 21.
13. What is a network ID?
A network ID uniquely identifies a network. All the hosts in a single network will have the same
network ID. For example, in the IP address 192.9.205.21, the network ID is 192.9.205. A router
analyses only the network ID portion of an IP address for datagram forwarding.
14. What is a host ID?
A host ID uniquely identifies a host in a network. Two hosts in two different networks can have
the same host ID. For example, in the IP address 192.9.205.21, the host ID is 21.
15. What is a unicast IP address?
A unicast IP address is an IP address uniquely identifying a host in a network. The datagram with
a unicast IP address is received and processed by only a single host. For example, the IP address
192.9.205.21 is a unicast IP address.
16. What is a multicast IP address?
A multicast address is an IP address identifying a particular group of hosts in network. This group
of hosts is called a multicast group. For example, the IP address 225.2.100.1 is a multicast IP
address.
17. What is a broadcast IP address?
The datagram with a broadcast IP address is received and processed by all the hosts in the local
network. For example, the IP addresses 255.255.255.255, 192.9.205.255, 180.10.255.255,
10.255.255.255 are broadcast IP addresses.
18. How IP addresses are classified?
IP addresses are classified based on the number of bytes allocated to the Network ID and the
Host ID in an IP address.
19. What is the use of classifying IP addresses?
IP addresses are classified so that networks and hosts can be easily managed.
20. What are the different classes of IP addresses?
IP addresses are classified into the following classes:
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
4. Class D
5. Class E
21. How to determine the class of an IP address?
The class of an IP address can be determined from the first four bits of the first byte of the IP
address.
22. How many bytes does each Class of IP address use to represent network and host IDs?
The number of bytes used by each network Class to represent the network and host are shown
below:
23. +----------+----------------+----------------+
24. |IP Address| Bytes used for | Bytes used for |
25. |Class | Network ID | Host ID |
26. +----------+----------------+----------------+
27. | Class A | 1 | 3 |
28. | Class B | 2 | 2 |
29. | Class C | 3 | 1 |
30. | Class D | - | - |
31. | Class E | - | - |
32. +----------+----------------+----------------+
33. What is the format of the various IP address classes?
The format of the different IP address classes is shown below:
34. +----------+-------------------------------------+
35. |IP Address| IP Address format |
36. |Class | |
37. +----------+-------------------------------------+
38. | Class A | 0NNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH |
39. | Class B | 10NNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH |
40. | Class C | 110NNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH |
41. | Class D | 1110MMMM.MMMMMMMM.MMMMMMMM.MMMMMMMM |
42. | Class E | 1111RRRR.RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR |
43. +----------+-------------------------------------+

In the above table,

N denotes the network ID bits,
H denotes the host ID bits,
M denotes the multicast address bits and
R denotes reserved bits.

44. How many number of networks and hosts can be represented using the IP address classes?
The maximum number of networks and hosts that can be represented using the various IP
address classes is shown below in the table:
45. +----------+----------------+---------------------+
46. |IP Address| Maximum number | Maximum number of |
47. |Class | of networks | hosts per network |
48. +----------+----------------+---------------------+
49. | Class A | 126 (2^7 - 2) | 16777214 (2^24 - 2) |
50. | Class B | 16384 (2^14) | 65534 (2^16 - 2) |
51. | Class C | 2097152 (2^21) | 254 (2^8 - 2) |
52. | Class D | - | - |
53. | Class E | - | - |
54. +----------+----------------+---------------------+

In the above table,

1. The numbers are calculated using the number of bits used to represent the network ID
and host ID.
2. The maximum number of networks for Class A IP address is reduced by 2 to account for
the reserved network IP address 0.xxx.xxx.xxx and 127.xxx.xxx.xxx
3. The maximum number of hosts for all the classes is reduced by 2 to account for the
reserved host IP address in which all the host ID address bits are either one or zero.
55. What is the possible range of IP addresses for the different classes?
56. +----------+-----------------------------------+
57. |IP Address| Possible range of IP address |
58. |Class | |
59. +----------+-----------------------------------+
60. | Class A | 0.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 |
61. | Class B | 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.255.255 |
62. | Class C | 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.255 |
63. | Class D | 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255 |
64. | Class E | 240.0.0.0 through 247.255.255.255 |
65. +----------+-----------------------------------+
66. What kind of networks use a Class A or Class B or Class C IP address typically?
Class A IP address is used for a network with large number of hosts. Class C IP address is used for
a network with less number of hosts. Class B IP address is used for a network with medium
number of hosts.
67. What is the use of Class D IP addresses?
The Class D IP addresses are used for multicasting.
68. What is the use of Class E IP addresses?
The Class E IP addresses are reserved for experimental purpose.
69. How to decide which class of IP address to use for a particular network?
The class of IP address to use for a particular network depends on the maximum number of
hosts in the network. For example, if the maximum number of hosts in a network will be less
than 254 hosts, then a Class C IP address can be used for the network. If the maximum number
of hosts in a network will be greater than 254 hosts but less than 65534, then a Class B network
can be used.
70. Does the maximum number of hosts in a network, restrict the class of IP address that can be
used for the network?
No. Any possible class of IP address can be used to represent a network. For example, if a
network has 200 hosts, it can use either a class A or class B or class C IP address.
71. What are the various special IP addresses?
The various special IP address are shown below in the table:
72. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
73. |IP Address | Description
|
74. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
75. |0.0.0.0 | Local host.
|
76. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
77. |127.xxx.xxx.xxx | Local loopback address. The value of the last
|
78. | | 3 bytes are ignored. The datagram with this IP
|
79. | | address is never transmitted over the network.
|
80. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
81. |xxx.0.0.0 | Local host IP address. The x represents the
|
82. |xxx.xxx.0.0 | network ID bits.
|
83. |xxx.xxx.xxx.0 |
|
84. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
85. |0.xxx.xxx.xxx | IP address of a host in the local network. The
|
86. |0.0.xxx.xxx | x represents the host ID bits.
|
87. |0.0.0.xxx |
|
88. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
89. |255.255.255.255 | Limited Broadcast address. Datagram with this
|
90. | | address will be received and processed by all
|
91. | | the hosts in the local network. This datagram
|
92. | | is not forwarded to other networks by routers.
|
93. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+
94. |xxx.255.255.255 | Directed broadcast address. The datagram with
|
95. |xxx.xxx.255.255 | this IP address is received by all the hosts in
|
96. |xxx.xxx.xxx.255 | the specified network. The x represents the
|
97. | | network ID bits.
|
98. +----------------
+-------------------------------------------------+