JURNAL PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI, PERKANTORAN DAN

AKUNTANSI
http://pub.unj.ac.id/index.php/jpepa

THE EFFECT OF USING DIGITAL WALLETS AND FINANCIAL

LITERACY ON CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN
DKI JAKARTA
Oktavia Nuratika 1,
Saparuddin Mukhtar2,
Harya Kuncara Wiralaga3
1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

Article Info Abstract

Article history: This study aims to determine the influence of use digital wallet and
financial literacy on the consumptive behavior of students in DKI
Received:
Jakarta. The research method used was a survey method with a
Accepted:
quantitative approach. The population in this study was students
Published:
with a campus location in DKI Jakarta. The study sample 192
respondents who were determined by the lemeshow formula because
the number of the population was unknow. Data collection
techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used
is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the
Keywords use of digital wallet and financial literacy had a partial and
Digital Wallet, Financial Literacy, simultaneous effect on consumptive behavior. The use of digital
Consumer Behavior wallet has a positive and significant effect on consumptive behavior,
while financial literacy has a negative and significant effect on
consumptive behavior.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dompet

digital dan literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku konsumtif mahasiswa di DKI
Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei dengan
pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa dengan
lokasi kampus di DKI Jakarta. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 192 responden yang
ditentukan dengan rumus lemeshow karena jumlah populasi tidak diketahui.
Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang
digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa penggunaan dompet digital dan literasi keuangan berpengaruh secara
parsial maupun simultan terhadap perilaku konsumtif. Penggunaan dompet
digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumtif,
sedangkan literasi keuangan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap
perilaku konsumtif

How to Cite:

* Corresponding Author.
INTRODUCTION
The development of an increasingly advanced era brings various changes in the field of life. One of
these changes has an impact on people's lifestyles which has caused old traditions to slowly be abandoned.
In ancient times, people had to go to the market or stalls to buy their necessities of life, but now all needs
can be obtained easily just by using a smartphone. Habits and lifestyles of this society also change from time
to time along with the development of the times and changing human needs that used to be simple to be
excessive so that it leads to consumptive behavior.
The development of the times also supports technological developments that make a person have
unlimited access to information about the desired product or service, so that a person is more easily
influenced to consumptive behavior. Consumptive behavior can happen to anyone, although at different
levels, including students who are classified as teenagers. This consumptive lifestyle is prone to form in
adolescence, according to Dikria & W (2016) adolescence is a period of transition and search for identity
that undergoes a process of formation in behavior, where these teenagers seek and try to achieve an ideal
pattern of self. This causes teenagers to be easily influenced by various things around them.
The reality that is currently being encountered is that students who are final year teenagers imitate
the contemporary consumptive lifestyle. At that age, it is no longer parents who are role models, but people
who are their age who are the main role models. Based on a survey conducted on 100 students in DKI
Jakarta, 49% of students buy products because they are influenced by models that advertise these products.
Other student consumptive behavior can be seen from the statements of students who buy products more
often because of the influence of promos without being based on needs, buy products because of the lure of
gifts, buy products based on price considerations not on the basis of benefits, like to buy expensive products
because they can generate self-confidence tall one. In addition, 50% of students buy products to keep their
appearance up to date. This consumptive lifestyle will continue to occur if students are unable to
understand how to prioritize needs and manage finances properly.
Based on the problems that occur in students, this consumptive behavior can be influenced by
internal factors and external factors of the individual itself. According to several previous studies conducted
by Fattah, Indriayu, & Sunarto (2018), Mujahidin & Astuti (2020), Rofiqoh (2020), Ridhayani & Johan
(2020), Haryana (2020), and Fikri (2021), consumptive behavior can be influenced by several factors
including the use of digital wallets and financial literacy.
The existence of innovations in the field of financial technology or what is commonly referred to as
financial technology makes it easy to obtain almost all needs. One of the innovations is the presence of e-
money which allows transactions to be carried out online, making it easier for anyone to shop, especially
students who are literate with technology. There are two types of e-money, one of which is chip-based that
is embedded in a card and server-based or better known as a digital wallet or e-wallet (Mayanti, 2020).
Soegoto & Sumantri (2020) say that the financial technology sector in Indonesia is dominated by mobile
wallets and online payments.
A digital wallet is a service regarding practical and efficient non-cash payment transactions and can
be done only by means of a cell phone without time and place limitations (Rizkiyah, Nurmayanti, Macdhy, &
Yusuf, 2021). The development of financial technology in terms of payment has become one of the lifestyles
of today's students. The payment system, which initially only used cash, has now developed into a non-cash
payment. In this day and age, it seems that students cannot be separated from using digital wallets for all
their needs, such as buying food, drinks, credit, clothing, paying for online transportation, and other
payments. Promos provided by digital wallet companies have also succeeded in tempting students to
transact online which can unwittingly lead them into consumptive behavior. Mujahidin & Astuti (2020)
stated that the ease of transactions can make a person have consumptive behavior, have no planning in
shopping, and tend to buy impulsively.
Another factor that can influence consumptive behavior is financial literacy. Financial literacy is an
important thing that cannot be separated from the financial management process. A low level of financial
literacy can cause students to be less wise in allocating their money. Consumptive behavior itself is a
reflection of a negative attitude in managing finances. Based on a survey conducted on 100 students in DKI
Jakarta, it showed that 55% of students were willing to spend money just for fun, 39% of students shopped
without thinking about existing savings, 35% of students do not manage their monthly spending budget,
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60% of students have not made any investment, even 10% of students are willing to go into debt to fulfill
their desires. In terms of shopping, they are always tempted by the promos offered so that they often buy
goods not on the basis of need. This is evidence of students' negative attitudes towards their financial
management. Therefore, financial literacy is something that students must understand in order to avoid
financial problems. If the student's financial literacy is low, it can make students take the wrong step in
making decisions. The Master Card Foundation's Report states that a low level of financial literacy can make
a person often make unproductive financial decisions.
Based on the background that has been described, the authors are interested in researching with the
title "The Influence of Digital Wallet Use and Financial Literacy on Student Consumptive Behavior in DKI
Jakarta".

LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Digital Wallet
Dorfleitner et al. (2016) grouped the financial technology industry into four groups, namely the
financing sector, asset management, payments, and other fintech functions. One of the classifications of
financial technology in payment is e-wallet (digital wallet). According to Nawawi (2020) a digital wallet
is a form of financial technology that utilizes internet media and is used as an alternative payment
method.
This digital wallet is a non-cash payment transaction tool that uses an application system. If the
customer wants to use this payment method, it is necessary to install an application on his
smartphone. Marlina, Mundzir, & Pratama (2021) stated that digital wallets are cardless, which means
you can do transactions without using a card at all because all you need is to remember your PIN or
fingerprint, even now you can use face ID.
The indicators used in the digital wallet use variable cite the Technology Acceptance Model
theory in Rahayu, Budiyanto, & Palyama's (2017) research, including perceived convenience,
perceived usefulness, intention to use, and real use.
2. Financial Literacy
Soraya & Lutfiati (2020) define financial literacy as individual knowledge to manage finances.
The level of financial literacy that each individual has is of course different. This is caused by differences
in factors that influence it. In research by Novandriani & Moeliono (2017) explains that a person's level
of financial literacy is influenced by demographic characteristics, family background, wealth, and time
preferences. Litamahuputty (2020) in his research said that financial literacy indicators are divided into
4, including:
 General knowledge, including understanding related to basic knowledge of personal
finance, namely related to financial planning, expenses, income, and assets
 Savings and loans related to savings and loans including the use of credit cards
 Insurance which includes basic knowledge of insurance and insurance products
 Investment which includes knowledge about the types of stocks, investment risks, and
mutual funds
3. Consumptive behaviour
Gumulya & Widiastuti (2013) stated that consumptive behavior is buying behavior that is more
dominated by desires beyond needs and only to fulfill desires. In line with Gumulya & Widiastuti,
Fransisca & Erdiansyah (2020) say that consumptive behavior is an act of buying an item without
reasonable consideration and not based on a need factor. It can be concluded that consumptive behavior
is a behavior that is not based on the need factor but only the mere desire to get pleasure.
According to Astuti (2016) individual consumption behavior is certainly different from other
individuals. This happens because a person's consumptive behavior is influenced by internal factors and
external factors of the individual itself, whereas according to (Kurniawan, 2017) the factors that
influence consumptive behavior, including buyers want to appear different from others, pride because
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 of their appearance, following trends, as well as to attract the attention of others. In a study by Fattah et
al. (2018) and Nainggolan (2022) consumptive behavior can be measured by the following indicators:
1. Buying products because of the lure of gifts
2. Buying products because the packaging is attractive
3. Buying products to maintain appearance
4. Buying products based on price considerations (not on the basis of benefits)
5. Buying a product is just keeping the symbol or status
6. Using the product because of the element of conformity to the model that advertises the
product
7. The emergence of the judgment that buying expensive products will lead to high self-
confidence
8. The desire to try more than two similar products from different brands

HYPOTHESIS

Penggunaan
Dompet Digital H1
Perilaku
Konsumtif

Literasi H2
Keuangan

Adapun hipotesis dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut:

H1: Penggunaan dompet digital berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtif

H2: Literasi keuangan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtif

METHOD
The research method used in this study is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The
population in this study were students with campus locations in DKI Jakarta. The research sample consisted
of 192 respondents who were determined by the Lemeshow formula because the population size was
unknown. Data collection techniques used questionnaires which were distributed to respondents with
measurements using the guttman scale and the Likert scale. The guttman scale is used to measure financial
literacy variables, while the Likert scale is used to measure digital wallet use and consumer behavior
variables. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the help
of SPSS version 25 software.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Normality Test Results
The validity test in this study uses the pearson product moment which is presented in the following table:

Tabel 1. Normality Test Results

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Variabel Butir Nilai Keterangan
Penggunaan Dompet Digital X1.1 0,654 valid

X1.1 0,707 valid

X1.3 0,591 valid

X1.4 0,683 valid

X1.5 0,396 valid

X1.6 0,589 valid

X1.7 0,688 valid

X1.8 0,733 valid

X1.9 0,711 valid

X1.10 0,523 valid

X1.11 0,818 valid

X1.12 0,776 valid

X1.13 0,702 valid

X1.14 0,743 valid

X1.15 0,561 valid

X1.16 0,680 valid

Literasi Keuangan X2.1 0,536 valid

X2.2 0,486 valid

X2.3 0,541 valid

X2.4 0,052 tidak valid

X2.5 0,729 valid

X2.6 0,569 valid

X2.7 0,421 valid

X2.8 0,640 valid

X2.9 0,095 tidak valid

X2.10 0,519 valid

X2.11 0,594 valid

X2.12 0,500 valid

X2.13 0,244 tidak valid

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 X2.14 0,432 valid

X2.15 0,460 valid

X2.16 0,405 valid

X2.17 0,670 valid

X2.18 0,390 valid

X2.19 0,528 valid

X2.20 0,457 valid

Perilaku Konsumtif Y.1 0,435 valid

Y.2 0.457 valid

Y.3 0,638 valid

Y.4 0,712 valid

Y.5 0,807 valid

Y.6 0,831 valid

Y.7 0,551 valid

Y.8 0,777 valid

Y.9 0,742 valid

Y.10 0,767 valid

Y.11 0,838 valid

Y.12 0,791 valid

Y.13 0,696 valid

Y.14 0,705 valid

Y.15 0,731 valid

Y.16 0,659 valid

Source: Data processed by researchers (2022)

For the variable use of digital wallets and consumptive behavior, all statement items are declared
valid because they have an r count value greater than the r table value, while for the financial literacy
variable, out of the 20 statement items, 3 items are declared invalid, namely statement items number 4,
9, and 13 because it has a calculated r value that is smaller than the r table value so that the three
statement items are dropped.

Reliability Test
The reliability test in this study used Cronbach alpha which is presented in the following table:
Tabel 2. Reliability Test

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 Variabel Cronbach Keterangan
alpha

Penggunaan Dompet Digital 0,902 Reliabel

Literasi Keuangan 0,839 Reliabel

Perilaku Konsumtif 0,932 Reliabel

Source: Data processed by researchers (2022)

Based on the table above, it can be concluded that all variables are declared reliable because
they have a Cronbach alpha value > 0.6.
Classic assumption test
Normality test
The normality test aims to determine whether the residuals are normally distributed or not. In
this case the test was carried out using the One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test method. With the
provision that if the significance value is > 0.05 then the data is normally distributed. The normality test
results are as follows:

Based on the results of the normality test, a significance value of 0.200 > 0.05 is obtained, it can
be concluded that the residuals are normally distributed.

Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test aims to determine the relationship between independent variables.
For this test criterion, data can be said to be free from multicollinearity if the tolerance value is > 0.10
and the VIF value is < 10.00. The results of the multicollinearity test are as follows:

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 The multicollinearity test results show a tolerance value of 0.989 and a VIP value of 1.011. Thus
it can be concluded that there are no symptoms of multicollinearity because it has a torelance value of >
0.10 and a VIF value of < 10.00.

Heteroscedasticity Test
The heteroscedasticity test aims to determine whether in the regression model there is an
inequality of variance from the residual value of one observation to another. In this case the test uses
the Sperman's Rho test, namely by regressing the residual absolute value on the independent variable.
With the provision that if the significance value is > 0.05 then there are no symptoms of
heteroscedasticity. The results of the heteroscedasticity test are as follows:

Based on the test results, the significance values of the independent variables were 0.912 and
0.945 greater than 0.05 so it could be concluded that there were no symptoms of heteroscedasticity.

Linearity Test
The linearity test aims to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the
dependent variable. The linearity test in this study used SPSS version 25 by looking at the ANOVA table.
With the provision that if the significance value of the deviation from linearity is > 0.05, then there is a
linear relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results of the
linearity test are as follows:

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 Based on the test results, the significance of deviation from linearity in the use of digital wallets
and financial literacy on consumptive behavior obtained significance values of 0.825 and 0.209. So it can
be concluded that there is a linear relationship between the independent variable and the dependent
variable because it has a significance value of deviation from linearity > 0.05.

Test Hypothesis Test T

The t test aims to determine the partial effect of the independent variables on the dependent
variable. The results of the t test in this study are as follows:

Based on the results of the t test it can be concluded that:

1. The use of digital wallets has a positive and significant effect on consumptive behavior. This can be
seen from the significance value of 0.00 <0.05. This means that if the digital wallet use variable is
increased, the consumptive behavior variable will significantly increase.
2. Financial literacy has a negative and significant effect on consumptive behavior. This can be seen
from the significance value of 0.00 <0.05. This means that if the financial literacy variable is
increased, the consumptive behavior variable will significantly decrease.

F test
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 The f test was conducted to determine the effect of using digital wallets and financial literacy on
consumptive behavior together. The f test results are as follows:

Based on the results of the f test, the calculated f value is 42,743 > f table 3.04 with a significance
of 0.00 <0.05 so it can be concluded that the variable use of digital wallets and financial literacy together
has a significant effect on consumptive behavior.

Coefficient of Determination
The value of the coefficient of determination (R²) is a coefficient that explains how much the
proportion of variation in the dependent can be explained by the independent variables together.

The results show an R² value of 0.311 or equal to 31.1%. This indicates the ability of the model
to explain variations in consumptive behavior variables of 31.1%.

The Effect of Using Digital Wallet on Consumptive Behavior

Based on the results of the research that has been done, the coefficient value of using a digital
wallet is 0.768, which means that the use of a digital wallet is directly proportional to consumptive
behavior, and the results of the t test show a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, which means that the use
of a digital wallet has a positive effect and significant effect on consumptive behavior.
The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Mujahidin & Astuti (2020) and
(Fikri (2021) which state that the use of digital wallets has a positive and significant effect on
consumptive behavior, which means that if the use of digital wallets is increased then consumptive
behavior will increase, so that the hypothesis it is proposed that the use of digital wallets has a positive
and significant effect on consumptive behavior is accepted.
Ease of transactions, attractive promos, and it doesn't take long, the term is just a click of a
transaction, has succeeded in making students' shopping interest increase which unknowingly has led
them into consumptive behavior.
The Effect of Financial Literacy on Consumptive Behavior
Based on the results of the research that has been done, the financial literacy coefficient is 0.999,
which is negative, which means that financial literacy is inversely related to consumptive behavior, and
the t-test results show a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, which means that financial literacy has a
negative and significant effect on behavior. consumptive.

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 The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Yudasella & Krisnawati (2019)
and Haryana (2020) which states that financial literacy has a negative and significant effect on
consumptive behavior. This illustrates that the higher the level of financial literacy, the lower the
consumptive behavior, so that the hypothesis proposed that financial literacy has a negative and
significant effect on consumptive behavior is accepted.
The results of the study also show that the level of student financial literacy is in the low
category because the average of all indicators is only 43.35%. This shows that students tend not to be
able to manage their finances, causing them to get stuck in consumptive behavior. For this reason, it is
necessary to understand and apply financial literacy in a balanced way so that students can avoid
consumptive behavior.

Closing
Conclusion
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that several things related to the effect of
using digital wallets and financial literacy on the consumptive behavior of students in DKI Jakarta are as
follows:
1. Partially the use of digital wallets has a positive and significant effect on the consumptive
behavior of students in DKI Jakarta. This means that the higher the use of digital wallets by
students, the level of student consumptive behavior will increase.
2. Partially, financial literacy has a negative and significant effect on the consumptive behavior
of students in DKI Jakarta. This means that the higher the student's financial literacy, the
level of student consumptive behavior will decrease.
3. Simultaneous use of digital wallets and financial literacy can contribute to the consumptive
behavior of students in DKI Jakarta with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 31.1%.
Suggestion
1. This study emphasizes to all students that having financial knowledge is important to
distance themselves from consumptive behavior. The government, represented by the
Financial Services Authority, can work with universities to conduct education on how to
manage day-to-day finances and can introduce various available financial products so that
students are interested in saving or investing.
2. The current technological sophistication should be able to make the activities carried out
more effective and efficient, but this is not used properly by students, causing them to fall
into bad behavior consumptive. In this case students must be able to prioritize needs rather
than just fulfilling desires.

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