Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Modes of Paragraph Development

    Uploaded by

    Ginjie Fronda Fabregas
    The lesson objectives of this lesson are see the practicality of causal analysis in applying to problem-solution type of papers. • understand the definition and nature of causal analysis as essential mode of paragraph development. • comprehend the nature and process of narrating stories, whether their own or someone else's, whether real or fiction;and • understand the nature and process of defining a word, concept, an expression, or an idea

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Modes of Paragraph Development

    Uploaded by

    Ginjie Fronda Fabregas
    8 views36 pages
    The lesson objectives of this lesson are see the practicality of causal analysis in applying to problem-solution type of papers. • understand the definition and nature of causal analysis as essential mode of paragraph development. • comprehend the nature and process of narrating stories, whether their own or someone else's, whether real or fiction;and • understand the nature and process of defining a word, concept, an expression, or an idea

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The lesson objectives of this lesson are see the practicality of causal analysis in applying to problem-solution type of papers. • understand the definition and nature of causal analysis as essential mode of paragraph development. • comprehend the nature and process of narrating stories, whether their own or someone else's, whether real or fiction;and • understand the nature and process of defining a word, concept, an expression, or an idea

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views36 pages

    Modes of Paragraph Development

    Uploaded by

    Ginjie Fronda Fabregas
    The lesson objectives of this lesson are see the practicality of causal analysis in applying to problem-solution type of papers. • understand the definition and nature of causal analysis as essential mode of paragraph development. • comprehend the nature and process of narrating stories, whether their own or someone else's, whether real or fiction;and • understand the nature and process of defining a word, concept, an expression, or an idea

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    At the end of this module, you will be able to:

    • see the practicality of causal analysis in applying to problem- solution


    type of papers.
    • understand the definition and nature of causal analysis as essential
    mode of paragraph development.
    • comprehend the nature and process of narrating stories, whether their
    own or someone else's, whether real or fiction;and
    • understand the nature and process of defining a word, concept, an
    expression, or an idea.
    • Causal Analysis- identifying the cause
    (what prompted something to happen)
    and effect ( what was yielded after
    something else took place) at a
    particular situation, event, or
    phenomenon.
    • problem-solution type of paper
    problem: cause; solution: effect
    • the study of the relationship
    between or among at least two
    happenings
    • answers the questions "why" and
    "how"
    • informative:
    2. persuasive:
    primarily convince the reader
    explains to believe what the
    writer is saying
    3. Speculative:
    suggests possibilities
    WHAT IS A CAUSAL CHAIN?

    refers to a set of causes and effects that


    lead to other multiple sets .It contains the
    following:

    Primary Secondary Remote Intermediate Root


    Cause Cause Cause Effect Cause
    Acing an exam in a major subject
    If treated as an effect, probable
    causes that comes to mind are
    studying well, arriving early for
    the exam, eating a full meal
    beforehand and getting enough
    sleep the night before.
    On the other hand, if treated as a
    cause, probable effects that come to
    mind are: feeling good for the rest
    of the day, receiving praises from the
    teacher, parents as well, passing the
    subject itself, and maybe even landing
    you on the honor roll. Taking all of
    these interconnected events into a
    consideration gives you a causal chain.
    FAULTY CAUSALITY is a logical
    fallacy in which one assumes that
    event A is always the cause of event
    B and /or event B is always the
    effect of event A.
    sequence of events, not necessarily
    arranged in chronological order , happening
    at a particular time and place.
    • creating a world based on the authors
    imagination
    • revisiting the world of the author's
    memory
    VIVID DESCRIPTION OF
    CONSISTENT VERB TENSE
    DETAILS
    to make clear to the reader
    description: appealing to five
    whether the story had
    senses of the human body
    happened in the past, present,
    • rule of thumb: to show
    future
    rather than to tell

    CONSISISTENT POINT OF
    VIEW WELL- DEFINED POINT OR
    1st, 2nd, & 3rd person point SIGNIFICANCE
    of view theme- unifying thought or
    Mind person point of view: idea born out of all other
    narrator is omniscient/ off- elements: universal truth
    knowing
    NARRATIVE DEVICES
    TIME STRETCH= a
    FLASHBACK- event
    single event in the
    ANECDOTE- brief narratives that happened in the
    story that the author
    from a writer's memory past (flashing on
    focuses writing
    back) of ides: an
    about
    addition

    FLASHFORWARD
    TIME SUMMARY event yet to happen
    DIALOGUE
    Jamming together multiple in the story: looking
    Character's spoken
    events at what will happen in
    languages
    the future
    “Words have sustained me ever since I
    was a child, Every Sunday, we went to
    National Bookstore where my sisters and I
    were allowed to choose one book to buy and
    bring home. I was told that my parents read
    to me every night when I was young. As soon
    as I learned to read, it was my turn to read to
    them.
    Read the following short narrative:

    She woke up to the sound of the ambulance. Her head was


    throbbing, and her face was resting in a warm, sticky pool. The
    touched her forehead and brought her fingers in front of her
    eyes. ‘Blood,’ she thought to herself.

    TWO HOURS EARLIER

    ‘I’m late. I’m so late. I’ll never make it on time.’ she thought to
    herself. The woman grabbed an untidy stack of papers from her
    desk, picked up her purse and heals, and ran out the door of her
    office. Once she reached her car she tossed her shoes and
    everything else into the passenger’s seat, threw the car in
    reverse, and sped out of the exit of the car park without paying.
    3. DEFINITION- understanding
    the essence of the a word, an
    idea or a concept
    -purpose : to give information to
    the reader as to what the author
    intends to explain
    For you, what is love?
    _______________
    TECHNIQUES ON MAKING A DEFINITION ESSAY

    1. ANALYSIS- process of breaking down a


    concept into constituent parts
    Example:
    The guitar is a musical instrument that produces
    sound primarily by strumming it strings. Its sound is
    modified or manipulated through interaction of the
    string, with other parts of the guitar which are the
    headstock, the nut, the tuners, and the sound hole and
    the body.
    2. COLLOCATION- words or expression that are
    immediately associated with the concept to
    be defined.
    Example:
    Passion is always collocated with love and
    desire.
    Passion is usually collocated with the
    terms “love” and “lust.” While these three
    words are not only compared, they are
    most often defined in terms of each other
    because they share a common semantic
    feature of “intense liking.”
    3. COMPARISON-usually used through
    analogy or figurative language like
    similes and metaphor
    Example;
    I see passion as hot, strong, almost
    thick coffee
    Example:

    “Groping for imagery I find myself


    thinking of…passion as hot, strong,
    almost thick coffee…Coffee unleashes
    energy, has a full-bloodied flavour, a
    touch of bitterness unpleasant to others,
    but delicious to the drinker!’
    4. CONTRAST-how two concept are
    different from each other
    Example:
    Love is softness; passion is smoulder
    Example:

    “Love is softness; passion is smoulder. Love might


    be contentment, but passion is adventure. It must be
    free, untethered. It must explore, drive beyond the
    boundaries, break moulds. Passion discovers,
    unearths, examines, magnifies, revels in details. Love
    rolls up details into a coherent whole. Love is passive;
    passion hyperactive. Where love is melancholic,
    passion is pain!’
    5. ETYMOLOGY- history of a word;
    explains the evolution of the word
    Example:
    Passionate comes from the Latin
    word "passus" which means to
    impassion
    Example:

    “Appassionato is the past participle of a Latin


    word that means ‘to impassion’… If passion is so
    good, then why do many fear it? Because by its
    etymology (from the Latin word ‘passus; past
    participle of ‘pati’ meaning to suffer) it brings
    pain. To be capable of passion one must be
    open, vulnerable and brave enough to stare
    pain in the eye:’
    6. EXEMPLIFICATION AND
    ILLUSTRATION-
    Exemplification: defining something by giving
    examples
    Illustration: giving an example and focusing on
    it to elaborate concept
    Example: Books are reputable sources of
    research. Some examples are: dictionaries and
    almanac
    Example:

    Books are considered to be credible


    and reputable resource materials to
    consult when you are trying to find the
    definition of a word. Some examples
    are dictionaries, thesaurus,
    encyclopedias, and manuals.
    7. EXTENDED DEFINITION-
    personal interpretation of the
    author.

    Example:
    I believe life lived with passion
    shimmers.
    Example:

    “I believe that a life lived with


    passion shimmers, shines, rises
    above the ordinary. Allow me to
    seduce you into passionate
    existence. To think, to sing, maybe
    even to sigh—appassionato.”
    8. FUNCTION- Another way of
    understanding what a word or concept means is
    to know its purpose. It answers the question:

    What is it used for?


    Example:

    Whether it may be an ancient sundial, a


    classy pocket watch, a Rolex or Swatch wrist
    watch, an antique grandfather’s clock, or the
    mighty Big Ben of London, a clock, first and
    foremost, is a mechanical device or technology
    whose primary purpose is to measure time.
    9. Negation- is a technique that
    you can use to define a word or
    concept by explaining what it is
    not.
    Example:

    “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not


    envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does
    not dishonour others, it is not self-seeking, it is
    not easily angered, it keeps no record of
    wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but
    rejoices with the truth.”
    – 1 Corinthians 13:4-6
    10. Synonyms- are a single word
    or phrase that share almost the
    same meaning with the concept
    you are trying to define.
    Example:

    According to Dictionary.com, “mawkish”


    means “characterized by sickly
    “sentimentality” or ”weakly emotional:’ It can
    be considered synonymous to “nauseating”
    and “sickening” due to dependence on too
    much emotion and disregard for logic and
    reason( Mawkish 2018)

    You might also like