Experiment 10

Experiment # 10
10.1 Objective:
To find the deflection in curved (full, semi & quarter circular) bar by using curved
bar apparatus.
10.2 Apparatus:
1. Curved bar apparatus
2. Load hangers and hook
3. Dial gauges
4. Wrench
5. Weight set
10.3 Theory:
Though curved bars are not commonly found as structures by themselves, they are usually part of
a mechanical member which has a combination of straight and curved elements. The study of
how curved bars deflect is thus, important so as to estimate the total mechanical displacement of
structures that incorporate curved sections. One of the more effective methods used to estimate
deflections in curved bars come from Castigliano’s theorem or from a unit-load method. This
experiment puts the unit load approach to the test. The test apparatus will demonstrate the actual
behavior of curved bars set up in different configurations and comparisons will be made to the
unit load method’s results. Sometimes, due to the complex nature of the integral involved, an
approximate method such as Simpson’s Rule can be used instead of an analytical integration.
Castigliano’s Theorem
– For displacements in a linearly elastic structure.
Castigliano's method for calculating displacements is an application of his second theorem,
which states:
If the strain energy of a linearly elastic structure can be expressed as a function of generalized
force Qi; then the partial derivative of the strain energy with respect to generalized force gives
the generalized displacement qi in the direction of Qi.
As above, this can also be expressed as:
qi=∂U/∂Q
10.4 Procedure:
For Ring
Fig.10.1: Deflection in circular ring
1. For the ring configuration, hang the hook from the bottom of the ring and attach the load
hanger to it. The vertical and horizontal dials are set in their positions.
2. Zero all three dials and read the initial zero-datum reading off them.
3. Next, load the ring by increments. At each increment record the deflection at each dial and
tabulate these in a table below.
4. Subtract your zero-datum reading from all your readings to get your actual
For Semi-circle
1. Attach the hanger onto the semi-circle and apply a weight on it. This will stabilize the system
and does not count as part of the weight.
2. Secure the removable dials onto the semi-circle experiment setup to measure vertical
displacement.
3. Record the zero-datum reading.
4. Record your results on a table
Fig.10.2: Deflection in semi-circle
For Quadrant-circle
1. First, attach the hanger onto the quadrant and apply a weight on it. This is to
stabilize the system and will not be counted as part of the weight that we will apply
onto it.
2. Secure the removable dials onto the quadrant experiment setup to measure
vertical deflection of the curved (quadrant) member.
3. Zero the dial and record the zero datum reading.
4. Load the curved member with weight increments, at
each increment record your results on a table.
Fig 10.3: Deflection in quadrant

10.5 Observations & Calculations:
For Circular Ring
Experimental Experimental Theoretical Theoretical % Error % Error
Sr. Load Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal
# (N) Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
Vertical: δv = 0.148 PR3 / EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

Horizontal: δh = 0.114 PR3 / EI
For Semi-circle
Experimental Experimental Theoretica Theoretical % Error
% Error Horizontal
Sr Load Vertical Horizontal l Vertical Horizontal Vertical
.# (N) Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
Vertical δv =  PR3 / 2EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

Horizontal δh = 2PR3/EI
For Quadrant
Experimental Experimental Theoretica Theoretical % Error % Error
Sr Load Vertical Horizontal l Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal
.# (N) Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
Vertical δv =  PR3 / 4EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

Horizontal δh = PR3 / 2EI
10.6 Practical Applications:
10.7 Results & Conclusions:

Experiment 10

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Experiment # 10

Fig.10.1: Deflection in circular ring

Fig.10.2: Deflection in semi-circle

Fig 10.3: Deflection in quadrant

Vertical: δv = 0.148 PR3 / EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

Vertical δv =  PR3 / 2EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

Vertical δv =  PR3 / 4EI E=180 GPa I= bd3/12

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