A) Description of the Study

 What was the purpose of the research?

 Why was the research conducted (significant)?
 Were the research questions, objectives or hypothesis (es) clearly stated?

Purpose: Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a
desired level of excellence. Quality management includes the determination of a quality policy,
creating and implementing quality planning and assurance, and quality control and quality
improvement. (www.investopedia.com, 2022) The overall purpose of project quality management
aims to provide a broad framework for identifying quality standards and requirements, implementing
quality assurance and control activities, and taking corrective actions for project improvement.
Significance of the study: Quality planning has always been successful in showing the best project
results. It determines how a project should be measured and what steps should be taken to boost any
organization. Project quality management is most important in establishing the standards so that your
customers remain gratified by your work. A project manager in quality planning plays a key role as
he’s liable for arranging top-class deliverables and run the project. The entire project management is a
circle involving everyone. From the benchmarks to all the stakeholders, everyone is answerable for
assuring the quality of a project. Whenever a project starts, it is highly dependent on excellent
standards. Here the stakeholders play their part. So, project quality management somehow pushes the
entire team and makes them active on work. The combined effort of everyone helps to lessen the
budget and reduce the risk of unsatisfied clients. One can keep a quality control check on everything
to avoid any unwanted stress. There is immense importance of quality scheduling in project
management. A company can reduce its set budget when all the cost analysis is done and worked on.
The PMs can help the team progress and reach the bottom line with the project essentials.
(globalknowledge.com, 2022) For example, the quality budget planning for constructing a sturdy
building is different from the one with a single-story floor construction. By arranging several meetings
and discussing the project quality, one can override the budget.
Project managers will always aim to keep costs modest while still delivering quality. If, as mentioned
above, you can streamline processes and increase productivity levels, it’s possible that the business
will generate higher profits. Higher profits can be guaranteed by raising prices due to increased levels
of quality or reducing operational costs by eliminating unnecessary processes.
However, some other Needs are:
 Quality means conformance to specifications and fitness for use – i.e. just what you
need and not more.
 Projects or products with unnecessary features can be too expensive to meet the
 business need.
 Prevention is much cheaper than inspection, build quality in early to
minimize costs/maximize quality.
Objectives: The objectives of this research paper are listed below:
 To explore importance of quality management.
 To explore importance, process, types, benefits and approaches of quality management.
 To understand the major issues, challenges and opportunity regarding quality management.

B) Literature and conceptualization (conceptual framework)

 Does the literature contain theoretical and empirical review?
 Does the paper frame the researchable relationship in an understandable conceptual model?

There are several principles of quality management that the International Standard for Quality
Management adopts. These principles are used by top management to guide an organization’s
processes towards improved performance. (Hellingsworth et al., 2020) They include:

Figure 2: Principles of quality management

Customer Focus
The primary focus of any organization should be to meet and exceed the customers’ expectations and
needs. When an organization can understand the customers’ current and future needs and cater to them
that result in customer loyalty, which in turn increases revenue. The business is also able to identify
new customer opportunities and satisfy them. When business processes are more efficient, quality is
higher and more customers can be satisfied.

Leadership
Good leadership results in an organization’s success. Great leadership establishes unity and purpose
among the workforce and shareholders. Creating a thriving company culture provides an internal
environment that allows employees to fully realize their potential and get actively involved in
achieving company objectives.

Leaders should involve the employees in setting clear organizational goals and objectives. This
motivates employees, who may significantly improve their productivity and loyalty.

Engagement of People
Staff involvement is another fundamental principle. The management engages staff in creating and
delivering value whether they are full-time, part-time, outsourced, or in-house. An organization should
encourage the employees to constantly improve their skills and maintain consistency.
The principle also involves empowering the employees, involving them in decision making, and
recognizing their achievements. When people are valued, they work to their best potential because it
boosts their confidence and motivation. When employees are wholly involved, it makes them feel
empowered and accountable for their actions.

Process Approach
The performance of an organization is crucial according to the process approach principle. The
approach principle emphasizes achieving efficiency and effectiveness in the organizational processes.
The approach entails an understanding that good processes result in improved consistency,
quicker activities, reduced costs, waste removal, and continuous improvement.

An organization is enhanced when leaders can manage and control the inputs and the outputs of an
organization, as well as the processes used to produce the outputs.

Continuous Improvement
Every organization should come up with an objective to be actively involved in continuous
improvement. Businesses that improve continually experience improved performance, organizational
flexibility, and increased ability to embrace new opportunities. Project should be able to create new
processes continually and adapt to new market situations.
 Evidence-based Decision Making
Project should adopt a factual approach to decision-making. Businesses that make decisions based on
verified and analyzed data have an improved understanding of the marketplace. They are able to
perform tasks that produce desired results and justify their past decisions. Factual decision- making is
vital to help understand the cause-and-effect relationships of different things and explain potential
unintended results and consequences.

Relationship Management
Relationship management is about creating mutually beneficial relations with managers, staffs and
workers. Different interested parties can impact a company’s performance. The organization should
manage the supply chain process well and promote the relationship between the organization and its
suppliers to optimize their impact on the company’s performance. When an organization manages its
relationship with interested parties well, it is more likely to achieve sustained business collaboration
and success.
C) Methodology
 Briefly describe the research design
 Who the target population
 Was the sampling method and the sample size appropriate? Why?
 Any selection bias in sampling and representativeness?
 Does the article you selected have a model specification? If yes, is the specified model congruent with the conceptual
framework? If no, what went wrong?
 What method of data analysis did the author(s) use? Is it appropriate?

Project Quality Management Framework:

The project quality management framework includes the following 3 components:

 Figure 3: methodologies of good management
Plan Quality
The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and product, and
documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance. The first component is about creating a
detailed plan that specifies activities for identifying quality requirements and standards for the
project/product, and documenting how the project fits into the expected quality levels.

5.1.1 Quality Management Theories

 Gold Plating: refers to giving the costumers extra
 Prevention Over Inspection: Work to find problems OR Prevent them in the first
place Quality must be planned in and not inspected in.
  Marginal Analysis: refers to looking for the point where benefits or revenue to be received
from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality.
 Continuous Improvement: Continuously looking for small improvement in quality.
 Just in Time: inventory is zero.
 Total Quality Management: encourages companies and their employees to
focus on findings ways to continuously improve the quality of their business
practices and products.
 Responsibility for Quality: entire organization has responsibilities relating to quality.

5.1.2 Tools and Technique

 Cost and Benefit Analysis: Weighs the benefit versus the costs of meeting quality
requirements.
 Cost of Quality
 Control Charts: used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has
predictable performance.
 Benchmarking: involves comparing actual or planned projects practices to those of
comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement and
provide a basis for measuring performance.
 Design of Experiments. A statistical method for identifying which factors may
influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in
production.
 Statistical Sampling: choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.
 Flowcharting: graphical representation of a process showing the relationships
among process steps.

Perform Quality Assurance:

The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements
to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. These activities
are intended for ensuring that appropriate guidelines, approaches, requirements and procedures for
managing project quality are implemented as planned and that the quality team works within
expected performance levels. The quality assurance activities are managed under the rules and
standards documented in a quality assurance plan template approved by the project manager. This
document makes a foundation for ensuring that the team strictly adheres to the implementation
framework.

Perform Quality Control:

The process of monitoring and recording results of executing quality activities is to assess performance and
recommend necessary changes. These activities are designated to ensuring that project quality is measured
and monitored against the quality baseline and that any defects, deviations and failures are identified and
effective decisions are made for implementing resolutions. Quality control includes issue tracking & testing
activities. It becomes vital to successful risk management. The key goal of planning quality control activities
is to ensure that the project results comply with the customer’s needs and quality expectations.

2 Quality Parameters
The Quality Parameters of Survey Project are described below:

Quality of work
Quality work is the service/task one completes successfully within the estimated time, with the
end output satisfying the expectations of everyone involved, including oneself.

Figure 4: ways to produce quality work.

Following are some of the ways to produce quality work.

Hold yourself to the highest standard: Quality work starts from commitment and determination to do the
job to the best of your abilities. When you hold yourself to the highest standard, you will get the motivation
to compete with yourself and raise the bar. This constant quest for perfection can help you produce
quality work consistently. Further, when you make yourself accountable for the quality of your work, you
will gain the ability to work unsupervised without the necessity to be guided by someone constantly,
which is an essential quality in the post- pandemic world.

Walk the extra mile: You can ensure the quality of the work you do as an individual. But when your work
contributes only a part to a bigger task or goal that your team/organization has undertaken, you have to take
up additional responsibilities, help your colleagues to do their part better and inspire the team to produce
quality work together. When you take up additional tasks and do more work than what is assigned to you,
you can improve the overall quality of your team’s output.

Recognize mistakes and take corrective action: Quality of work is ensured when you constantly put your
work under rigorous scrutiny. Analyzing your own work, identifying mistakes and correcting them at the
early stage are important to producing quality work. In contrast, if mistakes remain undetected or swept
under the carpet, then they will come back to you and massively impact your productivity.

Work with your team: Team work ensures quality. You cannot meet the organizational goals and targets
single- handedly; for that, you need your team. Moreover, at times, you may need some expertise outside
your skillset to complete a task; you may need a helping hand to complete a complicated task; or you may
even be packed with too much workload that you may need to delegate some of your own work to someone
else in order to meet the deadline. So, it is extremely important to develop cohesiveness with your team and
motivate them to constantly meet your quality standards. This will help you do quality work and increase
productivity.

Stay focused and follows your schedule: You can produce quality work when you stay focused on your
work, avoiding distractions and digressions. If you lose focus, then there are more chances of making
mistakes. So, you have to focus on the work in hand and stick to your plan and schedule. When you delay
your work and do not stick to your plan of the day, you may miss your deadlines. This will reduce the
amount of time you have to do your work. When you do not have enough time, the quality of work takes a
hit. So, it is crucial to plan the day, make a schedule, stay focused and meet all the deadlines, if you strive to
do quality work.

Quality of materials
Quality materials are essential for quality results; hand in hand with quality control, quality
materials provide a sturdy and durable construction. As an investment, quality building materials
work in conjunction with other aspects of a building. When building walls, high-quality materials
provide the ideal environment for insulation, electrical components, and plumbing.

Durability: Choosing materials of high-quality that are able to be utilized to their utmost performance
ensures their durability and a lesser chance of them having to be replaced. In addition, their performance
will be better than other materials, guaranteeing that they last decades.
Low-quality materials are prone to cracks and breaks but a construction project containing high-
quality materials is sure to have a long life expectancy. Quality materials also ensure a lower need
for maintenance and that your property always looks its best.
Cost Efficiency: Both short and long term, quality materials in construction ensure that you save on costs.
Other materials of lesser quality require more frequent maintenance, which results in an expensive endeavor.
Replacing or repairing broken areas of a wall can be a costly and difficult process and choosing quality
materials from the beginning can avoid bigger problems at a later time.
Constructed with quality materials, our property has a higher value in the market should you ever
decide to sell.

Safety: Quality materials have higher endurance and resistance to both time and weather conditions, which
provides you with a higher assurance of safety. Through the proper construction of walls, the entire design’s
integrity is increased.
A professional team of bricklayers is aware of every building regulation and legislation, ensuring
they are adhered to and that they provide you with a safe solution. Reliable and efficient, at
Heritage Builders we have many years of experience in safely constructing a wall, as well as
carrying out commercial and house extensions, guaranteeing you the best possible experience.

Sustainability: Regarding sustainability, the right materials need to be taken into account in order to provide
a sustainable future. Considerations and worries over the environment have risen in the past decades,
prompting materials to become more environmentally friendly.
Working towards a green future, constructing walls with quality materials ensure proper
insulation. Insulation is a big influencer in the well-functioning of a home and helps preserve heat.
Building the foundations of a property’s walls to account for every aspect is vital.

Quality of workmanship
They must be flexible, willing to change and can adapt to different roles. They should be supportive
and respectful of their colleagues. Engaged employees improve the morale of others and are more
likely to go above and beyond for both their team and customers.

Employees who take responsibility for their actions, are dependable, arrive on time, do what they
say, and don't let the others in their team down, are highly valued employees. Conflict resolute

D) Results
 What are the key findings of the study?
 Do the results answer the research questions or achieve the objectives?
 Are there any study limitations discussed?

Some of the benefits of Quality Management are:

 It helps an organization achieve greater consistency in tasks and activities that are
involved in the production of products and services.
 It increases efficiency in processes, reduces wastage, and improves the use of time
and other resources.
  It helps improve customer satisfaction.
 It enables projects and managers market their business effectively and exploit new markets.
 It makes it easier for companies to integrate new employees, and thus helps
businesses manage growth more seamlessly.
 It enables a company to continuously improve its products, processes, and systems.

3 Quality Management Issues and Challenges

Quality management is one of the important means of improving the quality of survey project. It
emphasizes continuous improvement in the quality of the project and organizational objectives.
Some emerging issues and challenges in project quality management are as follows:

Redesign Organizational Structure: In hierarchy level’s organizational structure, it needs to fulfill many
stages for completing any work. It brings delays in performance and problems in quality work. From the
emerging issues of quality management, the redesign of organizational structure is by cutting many
hierarchal levels. (tyonote.com, 2022) Emphasis should be given to flattened the structure of the
organization so that better control and coordination can be maintained in the performance. It is essential to
ensure quality products and services.

Workforce Diversity: Workforce diversity is increasing in organizations today because of changing

population dimensions. There are several dimensions of diversification; however, the important ones are
age, gender, and ethnicity. The overall age of the workforce is increasing. More women are also get
involved in the workplace. The emerging issue of quality management is to use a diversified workforce to
improve quality and productivity.

Innovation and Change: The innovation of new knowledge to fulfill the expectations of stakeholders is
increasing today. Change can occur in the character and role of stakeholders like competitors, customers,
employees, suppliers, and lenders. The emerging issue in quality management is to fulfill changing needs of
stakeholders. (opentextbc.ca, 2022) Emphasis should be given to improving the quality of products and
services to fulfill changing needs of customers.

Employee Motivation: Employees are the main ingredient of the internal environment of an organization.
When managers and employees embrace the same values and have the same goals, it becomes convenient to
achieve organizational objectives. From the emerging issues of quality, management has to encourage and
stimulate employees for quality service. The motivation of employees having different abilities, attitudes,
beliefs, cultures, perceptions is essential for management to meet objectives.

Knowledge Management: In this competitive environment, knowledge has become power. Society expects
new ideas, new things, and creativity in the product or service of an organization. To fulfill such social
expectations, the manager has to accumulate knowledge and ideas from all members involved in the
organization. A model manager must be flexible to manage knowledge and also consider the situational
factor.

Technological Development: Today, technology becomes one of the important issues in quality
management. It tends to increase the aspirations and expectations of investors, competitors, employees, and
other stakeholders of the organization. It develops the concept of a competitive environment among the
manufacturers and suppliers. The most important issue today for managers is to identify and predict the
ever-developing new technology. It is the responsibility of the managers to keep pace with the changes in
technology and grab the opportunity to make the project a success.

Benchmarking: One of the important issues and challenges in quality management is benchmarking.
Benchmarking is the process of getting knowledge from the same type of organization having a leader in
performance. It facilitates the realization of the areas of defects and the scope of improvement. There may
be many factors that contributed to better performance like quality and cost, time of delivery, service, etc.
The emerging issue of quality management is to identify the factor to be taken for benchmarking. This is a
must for improving the quality of service.

Assessment of Total Quality Management (TQM): The emerging issue of present management is that the
top-level must assure total quality management. For this purpose, top-level managers should focus on
employee empowerment, research, and development, new technology in the market, development of
employees’ efficiency, etc.

E) Conclusion and recommendation (implication)

 Does the study make concrete conclusions?
 What were the implications of this study to practitioners?
 How does the study contribute to the body of knowledge?
 What future/further questions does the study strike?

Project quality management is not a stand-alone or distinct procedure that evaluates the level of
output quality at the end of an activity. Instead, it is an ongoing process that begins and ends with
the project. Every stage of the project management process, from the beginning through the
project's closure phase, includes it. The goal of quality management is to increase stakeholder
satisfaction through ongoing process improvements that involve eliminating pointless steps.
Making decisions and fixing problems fall into the same group. A best practice for benchmarking
must demonstrate that it can produce high-quality project management outcomes quickly and
effectively. Quality management in projects is one of the most important areas of ensuring the
effective achievement of project objectives.

Quality management in projects is one of the most important areas of ensuring the effective
achievement of project objectives. Quality management in projects is vital to ensure consistency in
its processes, as well as in its products and services. In business too, customer satisfaction is key.
As a customer’s main concern is the quality of the products or services they purchase, the
supplier’s main goal should always be to ensure that what they produce is of consistent and fine
quality. In addition, the way in which the project manager copes with the quality largely depends
on the knowledge, skills and competences possessed by him/her and the whole team. Quality
management arrangements can significantly enhance project resiliency by avoiding the occurrence
of project crises or limiting their consequences. Surveying is a domain with high quality potential.
Hence, proper management of quality is necessary to achieve necessary milestones.
Project management consultant must have the quality planning which involves identifying the
quality standards that are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. This action
must be performed regularly. For example, the changes in the product of the project required to
meet identified quality standards may require a detailed risk analysis of an identified problem.
Besides that, project management consultant must execute the quality assurance that was planned
and all the systematic implemented under the quality system to guarantee the project will satisfy
the relevant quality standards. The quality assurance must be performed throughout the project.
Lastly, under project quality management the consultant must supervise the quality control of the
project. Quality control involves monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply
with relevant quality standards, and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results.
It is also must be performed throughout the project. Project results consist of both product results
such as deliverables, and project management results, such as cost and schedule performance.