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    Subject Anatomy and Physiology

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    Subject Anatomy and Physiology

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    Subject-Anatomy-and-Physiology

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    3 views13 pages

    Subject Anatomy and Physiology

    Uploaded by

    babariabal36

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Subject : Anatomy &

    Physiology
    Presenters : KHALILULLAH, SACHIN, QOSAIN, NABEED, AALAM

    Presented to : MISS TASLEEM LAGHARI

    1st year 1st semester 2024-27 BATCH


    Anatomy and
    Physiology: An
    Introduction
    Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) are fundamental to understanding the
    human body. They are closely intertwined, with anatomy describing the
    body's structure and physiology explaining how it functions.

    by Khalilullah Soomro
    Defining Anatomy
    Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, including its organs,
    tissues, and cells. It involves identifying, describing, and classifying the
    body's components.

    Gross Anatomy
    Examines structures visible to the naked eye, such as organs and
    muscles.

    Microscopic Anatomy
    Focuses on structures that require a microscope to be seen, such as
    cells and tissues.
    Defining Physiology
    Physiology is the study of how the body functions, including the processes that occur within cells, organs, and organ
    systems.

    Cellular Physiology Organ Physiology Systemic Physiology

    Examines the functions of Focuses on the functions of specific Studies the functions of organ
    individual cells, such as metabolism organs, such as the heart, lungs, and systems, such as the circulatory
    and communication. kidneys. system and the digestive system.
    The Interplay of Anatomy
    and Physiology
    Anatomy and physiology are inseparable. The structure of the body dictates
    its functions, and vice versa.

    Structure

    1 The physical form of an organ or tissue.

    Function

    2 The activity or role of an organ or tissue.


    Levels of Organization
    The human body is organized into a hierarchy of levels, from the simplest to the most complex.

    Chemical Level
    1
    Atoms and molecules form the building blocks
    of life.
    Cellular Level
    2
    Cells are the basic structural and functional
    units of the body.
    Tissue Level
    3
    Groups of similar cells that perform a common
    function.
    Organ Level
    4
    Two or more tissues that work together to
    perform a specific function.
    Organ System Level
    5
    Groups of organs that cooperate to carry out
    major body functions.
    Organismal Level
    6
    All organ systems working together to
    maintain life.
    Body Planes
    Body planes are imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into sections.

    Sagittal Plane Divides the body into left and


    right sections.

    Frontal Plane Divides the body into anterior


    (front) and posterior (back)
    sections.

    Transverse Plane Divides the body into superior


    (upper) and inferior (lower)
    sections.
    Body Cavities
    Body cavities are spaces within the body that house and protect internal
    organs.

    1 Dorsal Cavity
    Includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).

    2 Ventral Cavity
    Includes the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic
    cavity (digestive organs, reproductive organs, and urinary organs).
    Regional Terms
    Regional terms are used to describe specific body areas.

    Head Trunk Upper Limb Lower Limb


    Includes the skull, face, and Includes the chest, Includes the shoulder, arm, Includes the hip, thigh, leg,
    neck. abdomen, and pelvis. forearm, and hand. and foot.
    The 9 ABDOMINAL
    REGIONS

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