T2000 User Manual V27

Microair Avionics Pty Ltd
Airport Drive
Bundaberg
Queensland 4670
Australia
Tel: +61 7 41 553048
Fax: +61 7 41 553049
e-mail: [email protected]
Microair Avionic T2000 Transponder User Manual
About This Document

Microair Avionics have developed a series of transponders for use with
OEM applications, and for commercial sale by Microair Avionics. The
manual explains the basic functions and elaborates on the more
sophisticated features, such as altitude display and alerts.
Revision 2.7 of this manual is to be supplied and used in conjunction with

T2000SFL transponders with software version 1.6.3, or later.
Microair reserves the right to amend this manual as required, to reflect any
enhancements or upgrades to the T2000 Transponder series.
© Microair Avionics Pty Ltd
Statement:
The T2000SFL owner accepts all responsibility for obtaining the proper licensing before using the transponder. The coverage you can
expect from the T2000SFL is limited to “line of sight”. Low altitude or aircraft antenna shielding by the aircraft itself may result in a
reduced range. Range can be improved by climbing to a higher altitude. It may be possible to minimize antenna shielding by locating the
antenna where dead spots are only noticed during abnormal flight attitudes.
The T2000SFL should be turned off before starting or shutting down aircraft engine(s).
MICROAIR DOCUMENTS
Microair T2000 Users Manual T2000-DOC-001
Microair T2000 Installation Manual T2000-DOC-002
Microair T2000 Flight Manual Supplement T2000-DOC-003
Microair T2000 Service Manual T2000-DOC-004
Microair T2000 User Manual Supplement (use with user manual 2.5) T2000-DOC-005
DOCUMENT REVISION STATUS – T2000-DOC-001

Revision Date Change
1.0 11/02/01 Initial Draft
2.2 11/07/01 Voltage Monitoring
2.3 22/08/01 Standby function added
2.4 05/10/01 Hi / Lo alerts added
2.5 12/10/01 Mode and Program Mode menu functions amended
2.6 07/11/01 Deleted SF references
2.7 01/06/02 Assigned Alt & Buffer Alt input amended, Name/Reg relocated to end of Program Mode
Version 2.7 Page 2 1st June 2002

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 4
T2000 CONTROLS ................................................................................................................................... 6
TURNING ON ........................................................................................................................................... 6
BACKLIGHTING ..................................................................................................................................... 6
TURNING OFF ......................................................................................................................................... 6
TRANSPONDER OPERATION.............................................................................................................. 7
DISPLAY LAYOUT ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
DISPLAY FUNCTION..................................................................................................... 8
CONTROL FUNCTIONS................................................................................................ 9
SELECTMODE KNOB ............................................................................................................................ 9
CODE SELECT KNOB .......................................................................................................................... 10
ON KEY ................................................................................................................................................... 10
MODE KEY............................................................................................................................................. 11
QNH OR BARO (BAROMETRIC PRESSURE).......................................................................................................... 12
ASSIGNED (ALTITUDE) ........................................................................................................................................... 13
BUFFER ALT.............................................................................................................................................................. 13
ALTITUDE (UNITS) ................................................................................................................................................... 15
VOLTAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... 16
ALERT TONE.............................................................................................................................................................. 17
ENTER KEY............................................................................................................................................ 18
TOGGLE KEY ........................................................................................................................................ 18
VFR – HOT KEY .................................................................................................................................... 19
ID KEY..................................................................................................................................................... 19
INITIALISATION AND SETUP .................................................................................. 20

PROGRAM MODE................................................................................................................................. 20
VOLT MON ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
A/C VOLT.................................................................................................................................................................... 21
O/V SET....................................................................................................................................................................... 21
U/V SET....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
E/C POW..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
VFR CODE ................................................................................................................................................................. 22
BARO........................................................................................................................................................................... 23
REM STBY................................................................................................................................................................... 23
NAME /REG (ONE TIME ONLY ENTRY) ................................................................................................................. 24
EXIT PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: ...................................................................... 25

INTRODUCTION
The Microair T2000 Transponder is designed to operate in the environment of a Radar Beacon System. This
system interrogates the transponder, which in turn replies with an identity code and altitude information. The
radar system consists of a network of ground stations, which sweep the horizon like a conventional radar. When
the transponder in the aircraft detects the radar sweep (is illuminated), the transponder replies with a burst
transmission giving its identity code and altitude.
The aircraft’s transponder

receives the ground station
signal asking it to transmit. The
transponder “replies” with the
code, and if operating in mode
C, the encoder altitude.
Ground stations sweep the sky with a signal, which

asks the transponder in the aircraft to transmit its
code and altitude.
The system presents the replies from all transponders in range of the ground stations on a single display screen.
This allows ATC to easily locate, identify, and see the altitude of all traffic in their airspace.
A transponder’s reply is termed a squawk. Hence the current code being used by the transponder is termed the
squawk code. At times of high airspace activity, ATC may wish to uniquely identify an individual aircraft with a
request to squawk ident. The pilot uses the ident control on the transponder to make the transponder’s squawk on
the ATC display flash for a short period. The ident control should not be used unless ATC request it.
ATC will issue a code to an aircraft requesting entry into its controlled airspace. This code is normally unique
for each aircraft, each time that aircraft passes through the airspace. The code is 4 digits long, and each digit can
range from 0-7.

There are several special codes, which are used to identify General Aviation aircraft, and some special situations
which aircraft could encounter. Misuse of these codes may result in legal charges against the user.
IMPORTANT NOTE
ALWAYS check the standby code, BEFORE transferring it to the ACTIVE
position.
0000 General Purpose code subject to regional agreement

1200 Civil VFR Flights OCTA not participating in Radar
Information Service (RIS). General Aviation Code (US and
other countries)
2000 Civil IFR Fights OCTA not participating in RIS
3000 Civil Flights in Controlled airspace
7000 VFR General Aviation Code (Europe)
7500 Unlawful Interference Code
7600 Radio Communications Failure
7700 Emergency Code
7777 Military Intercept Code (NEVER USE)
Code 2100 is a test code that can be used by qualified personal to test the transponder to ATC.
The user should check the Civil Aviation Rules/Regulations to determine the VFR General Aviation transponder
code for their country.

T2000 CONTROLS
All of the T2000’s functions and features can be accessed
from the controls on the front face.
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
1 ON Key
2 MODE Key
3 ENTER Key
4 IDENT Key
5 TOGGLE Key
6 CODE SELECT Knob
7 SELECTMODE Knob
8 VFR Key
TURNING ON
The T2000 is turned on by pressing the ON key. The T2000 will go
through a start up routine displaying self test messages, and ending
with the operational display. The backlighting is also tested during
start up.
ON KEY
BACKLIGHTING
The T2000SFL has an LCD display which is backlit. The backlighting has a low and a high brightness level to
enhance the display in low light conditions, and darkness.
When the T2000 is first turned on there is no backlighting.

Press the ON key again – Low level Backlighting comes on.
Press the ON key again – High level Backlighting comes on.
Press the ON key again – Display returns to no backlighting
TURNING OFF
The T2000 is turned off by holding down the ON Key. The word
SHUTDOWN is displayed and the T2000 counts down from 3-0,
then turns off. If the ON Key is lifted before the count is finished, the
T2000 returns to the operational screen.
ON KEY

TRANSPONDER OPERATION
The transponder can be operated in the following modes:
ON Transponder operates in mode A where only the active code is sent.

ALT Transponder operates in mode C where both the active code and the encoder altitude are sent.
If requested by ATC the user can squawk ident (ID key). The transponder will add an extra piece of data to the
transmission, to make the code and altitude information flash on the ATC radar display.
When operating in ALT mode, altitude data is received from a separate altitude encoder. This data is passed
back to the transponder to be included in the response transmission to ATC. The Microair T2000 is compatible
with any industry standard altitude encoder, with parallel output.
The display can present the active and standby codes. The standby code can be changed at any time, and then
toggled to become the active code. The T2000 can replace the standby code with the encoder altitude, or supply
voltage.
In addition to the required TSO functions, the Microair T2000 offers a number of other useful features, which
can be displayed by the operator either as a pop-up message, audio beep, or a display option.
DISPLAY LAYOUT
The Microair T2000 SFL is a 57mm diameter face version to fit the standard 2 ¼ inch instrument hole. The
mounting is by 4 x M4 machine screws, located through the panel and screwed into threaded holes in each
corner of the transponder’s front face.
IMPORTANT NOTE
Use only the factory supplied screws or M4 x 12mm machine screws. Do
NOT oversize the holes, or use over-length screws. These actions may
damage internal components of the transponder.
Microair T2000 SFL

DISPLAY FUNCTION
The SFL is a dual line display of 8 characters each, with the active code on the top line, and the standby code on
the bottom. The display is LCD, with preset backlighting.
STANDBY Active Code

Neither code or altitude are sent The transmitted code
I character
Squawk Ident operation
MODE A
Transmit ON – Only code sent
R character
Normal reply operation
MODE C
Transmit ON – Code and altitude sent
Standby Code
Never Transmitted
PA Pressure Altitude F Feet

Encoder Altitiude Altitude units are in Feet
Q QNH or Barometric Altitude M Metres

Adjusted Encoder Altitude Altitude units are in Metres
Displayed Altitude
Altitude generated by
FL Flight Level Encoder, and may be
Altitude units are in Flight Levels adjusted for barometric
pressure (QNH/Baro)
When the altitude is displayed, the standby code is saved into memory. To display the standby code again, press
the toggle key once to make it appear on the bottom line. Press the toggle key again to exchange the active and
standby codes. After 10 seconds of inactivity, the lower line will revert to displaying the altitude.
Pressure Altitude (PA) is the Encoder altitude. The encoder’s barometric adjustment is preset to 1013 millibars
(29.92HG). If the Encoder is not powered or not fitted, the message NO ALT will appear on the display.
It is possible to input the QNH / Baro (barometric pressure) given by ATC, into the T2000 to adjust the
displayed pressure altitude. This feature will allow the user to adjust the displayed altitude to read the same as
the aircraft’s altimeter.
IMPORTANT NOTE
When passing upwards through the transition level/layer, the altimeter
and transponder should both be set to 1013mb (29.92HG). When passing
down through the transition level/layer, the altimeter and transponder are
reset to the QNH/ Baro (barometric pressure) given by ATC.
The T2000 will transmit the encoder altitude (pressure altitude) only, in accordance with normal mode C
operation. The adjusted QNH / Baro altitude is never transmitted.

CONTROL FUNCTIONS
This section describes the transponder control keys and their functions. Many of the control keys have more
than one function, and some keys access multi-option menus, which can be scrolled.
SELECTMODE KNOB
The SELECTMODE knob allows the user to switch the transponder
between the 4 operating modes.
Selectmode Knob
STANDBY In standby the transponder is powered up, but will not transmit.
On the active display line the letter S appears on the left hand side.
ON Will reply to Mode A and C interrogations, but with no mode C encoder information. Mode C blind
encoder is normally powered up in this mode, but can be powered down if encoder power option is set
OFF (refer E/C POW in Initialisation and Setup section).
On the active display line the letter A appears on the left hand side.
ALT Will reply to Mode A and C interrogations, with the mode C encoder information. In the absence of a
valid encoder input, only the C framing pulse will be sent.
On the active display line the letter C appears on the left hand side.
ALT DISPLAY The standby code is replaced with the encoder altitude. If the pressure has been set via the QNH /
Baro option of MODE MENU, the displayed altitude will be adjusted for barometric air pressure.
Altitude will be displayed in units set in ALTITUDE option of MODE MENU.
The DISPLAY ALT only displays altitude if a valid encoder input is being received. When
climbing above the transition level/layer, the user must reset the transponder at the same time as the
aircraft’s altimeter to 1013mb or 29.92HG.
On the active display line the letter C appears on the left hand side.
Examples of encoder altitude Examples of pressure adjusted encoder altitude

CODE SELECT Knob

The CODE SELECT knob can be rotated clockwise to scroll
upwards, and counter-clockwise to scroll downwards. Each digit of
the code is adjusted separately. The adjust function starts with the left
hand digit, and is moved across to the next digit by pushing the
CODE SELECT knob inwards. After 10 seconds of inactivity the
cursor will revert to the left hand digit.
Code Select
ON KEY
Refer to TURNING ON section for basic operation.
The ON key tuns on the T2000 and adjusts the back lighting.
To turn off the T2000, the ON key is held down. The display counts
down from 3 to 0 then turns off.
On Key

MODE KEY
The MODE key can be used to access two separate menus:
Mode Key
• If the transponder is turned on, by holding down the MODE key, and pressing the ON key, the T2000 will
start in PROGRAM MODE. The MODE key must be held down, until the start-up self-test messages have
been displayed.
• If the transponder is ON and in normal operation, press the MODE key to access the MODE MENU. The
first item of the MODE MENU is displayed. Step through the MODE MENU by pressing the MODE key.
After the last menu item the T2000 returns to the operational display currently in use.
The MODE MENU is designed to allow the operator fast easy access to functions and parameters, which may
need to be adjusted in flight.
MODE MENU QNH or Baro

USE MODE KEY TO STEP
Assigned THROUGH OPTIONS
Buffer Alt
Altitude OR
Voltage
Alert Tone USE THE Toggle KEY TO
RETURN TO THE
OPERATIONAL DISPLAY

QNH or BARO (Barometric Pressure)

The altitude encoder outputs a pressure altitude fixed at an above mean sea level (AMSL) pressure of 1013mb
or 29.92HG. The aircraft’s altimeter however is normally adjusted for actual surface pressure before take off.
This means the encoder altitude may not be the same as the altimeter reading.
The QNH / Baro can be entered here to allow the T2000 to compensate the displayed altitude for surface
pressure, and hence read the same as the aircraft’s altimeter. The default QNH is 1013mb or Baro is 29.92HG.
If the QNH / Baro is set to 1013mb or 29.92HG, the altitude displayed will default to the unadjusted pressure
altitude direct from the encoder. If the QNH / Baro is set to a discrete value (normally provided by ATC), the
encoder pressure altitude displayed will be adjusted for that QNH / Baro value.
The barometric units are set in the BARO option of the PROGRAM MODE. When MB is selected the QNH
screen is displayed, and when HG is selected the Baro screen is displayed.
Press MODE key (once) To select QNH / Baro option

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Scroll lower line to desired pressure. Press knob to move one place to left.
Press ENTER key To set default value. The default is 1013(mb) or 29.92(HG
Press toggle key Display returns to current operational display
IMPORTANT NOTE
The T2000 will only transmit the encoder pressure altitude. The
adjusted QNH / Baro altitude is NEVER transmitted, even when it is
selected for display.

ASSIGNED (altitude)
The user can input an assigned altitude given by ATC. When used with the altitude buffer value, an audio alert
and display indicator advises when the aircraft has climbed or descended, from the assigned altitude.
When the Altitude option of the mode menu is set to Feet, the
Assigned altitude is adjusted in feet.
When the Altitude option of the mode menu is set to Flight Level,
the Assigned altitude is adjusted in feet.
When the Altitude option of the mode menu is set to Metres, the
Assigned altitude is adjusted in Metres.
Press MODE key (2 times) To select Assigned option

Press CODE SELECT knob Increment displayed value in units of 500 feet / 100m / FL50
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Increment displayed value in units of 100 feet / 10m / FL10
Press ENTER key To set default value. The default is 0.
Press toggle key To save and display returns to current operational display
When entering an altitude…
Press the CODE SELECT knob to increase the height value in units
of 500FT / 100M / FL50.
Rotate the CODE SELECT knob to increase or decrease the height

value in units of 100FT / 10M / FL10.
Press the ENTER key to return the ASSIGNED ALTITUDE to the default value of 0, or
Press the Toggle key to save the height value, and return to the operational display.
If Assigned is set to 0, the altitude alert function is disabled. The assigned altitude function is only active when
the SELECTMODE knob is set to DISP ALT.
BUFFER ALT
The user can input a buffer altitude, above and below the assigned altitude, to define a height band in which to
fly. When the aircraft exceeds the upper or lower limit, an indicator alert message will be displayed. The alert

message advises the pilot of how far, above or below the assigned altitude the aircraft is. If the Alert Tone
function is ON, an audio tone is heard as well.
If the ALTITUDE option in the PROGRAM MODE is set to FEET or FL, the Buffer Alt increments are in
feet. If ALTITUDE is set to METRES, the Buffer Alt increments are in metres.
Press MODE key (3 times) To select Buffer Alt option

Press CODE SELECT knob Increment displayed value in units of 500 feet / 100m / FL50
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Increment displayed value in units of 100 feet / 10m / FL10
Press ENTER key Display returns to current operational display (No default value)
Press Toggle key Display returns to current operational display
ALTITUDE BUFFER
ALTITUDE BUFFER
With the Assigned altitude set at 3500 feet, and the

Buffer Alt set at 200 feet, the display alerts will
occur over 3700 feet and under 3300 feet. ASSIGNED ALTITUDE
No alert will be displayed while the aircraft remains

inside the 3700-3300 buffer.
If the aircraft climbs or descends outside the altitude buffer limits, a Hi / Lo warning is displayed on the lower
line.
T2000 advises the pilot that the aircraft is 500 feet above
the Assigned altitude. If the Alert Tone function is set on,
an audio warning tone is heard.
T2000 advises the pilot that the aircraft is 500 feet below
the Assigned altitude. If the Alert Tone function is set on,
an audio warning tone is heard.

ALTITUDE (units)
The altitude data can be displayed as feet, flight level, or metres. Once the Altitude units are set, all altitude data
is displayed in these units.
The options are: F = FEET eg 15000F

FL = FLIGHT LEVEL eg FL 150
M = METRES eg 5000 M
The only exception is when the Altitude is set to FL, the Buffer Alt is still displayed and set in FEET.
Press MODE key (4 times) To select Altitude option

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Scroll to select desired units.
Press ENTER key No operation. (No default value)
5350 FEET. Units in feet are indicated by the F character at the

right hand end of the lower display line. All altitude data will be
displayed in feet.
FLIGHT LEVEL 153. Units in Flight Levels are indicated by the

FL characters preceding the number on the lower display line. All
altitude data will be displayed in Flight Level, except for the
Buffer Alt which is displayed in FEET.
1500 METRES. Units in metres are indicated by the M character

at the right hand end of the lower display line. All altitude data
will be displayed in metres.
IMPORTANT NOTE
When operating in upper airspace it may be necessary to measure altitude
in units of FLIGHT LEVEL instead of FEET. The T2000 allows the pilot
to change altitude units (and change back), at any time during operation,
via the ALTITUDE item of the MODE menu.

VOLTAGE
The VOLTAGE function will display the aircraft’s supply voltage, and by rotating the CODE SELECT knob,
display the over/under voltage alert levels, and the receive voltage. Receive volts are used for diagnostic
function only and have no relevance to normal operation.
Press MODE key (5 times) To select Voltage option. Input voltage is displayed on lower line
Rotate CODE SELECT knob A/C VOLT is displayed. Set to either 14 or 28 in PROGRAM MODE.
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Over voltage set point high is displayed ( eg O/V 16.00 )
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Under voltage set point low is displayed ( eg U/V 10.00 )
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Rx Level is displayed ( eg 120 ). Received signal strength.
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Display returns to the input voltage
When the transponder is operating in normal display operation mode, the over and under input voltage alert
message is displayed on the lower line.
Aircraft Voltage
This parameter is set in PROGRAM MODE, as the nominal
aircraft voltage. The T2000 can accept input voltages from 10-33
volts, but the voltage monitoring has to be told what the nominal
supply voltage is.
Over Voltage Limit

This parameter is set in PROGRAM MODE, as the upper voltage
alert level.
Under Voltage Limit

This parameter is set in PROGRAM MODE, as the lower voltage
alert level.
Receive Strength
This is a measure of the received signal strength from ATC.
Rx Level is measured in a range of 0-255.

ALERT TONE
The Alert Tone function is used by the T2000’s altitude alert function. When set ON, the Alert can be heard
from either the cabin speaker, or through the headphones, when amplified through an audio panel. The beep
tone is produced at a very low level, and cannot be heard directly with headphones or speaker.
Press MODE key (6 times) To select Alert Tone option

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Scroll lower line to select ON or OFF. The default is ON
Press ENTER key No operation
IMPORTANT NOTE
Pressing the MODE key again returns the display to the operational screen.
The user can press the toggle key at any point in the MODE menu to return to
the operational screen.

ENTER KEY
The ENTER key is a confirmation key used to confirm information the user has inputted. After pressing the
ENTER key, the display will typically give the message SAVED, for a short period.
The ENTER key is also used to quick-set a parameter to a default value.
Enter Key
TOGGLE KEY
This key acts as a toggle switch, exchanging the active and standby codes.
Toggle Key
When the transponder is operating in DISPLAY ALT the bottom line displays the
encoder altitude instead of the standby code. The standby code is stored in memory.
To toggle the active and standby codes in this mode, push the toggle key once to
display the standby code on the bottom line. The standby code is displayed for 10
seconds. Push the toggle key again to exchange the active and standby codes. Once
the codes have been exchanged, the display will revert back after 10 seconds, to
displaying the altitude on the bottom line.
In all modes of operation, only the active code is transmitted.
The toggle key is also used to return to the operational screen from the MODE and PROGRAM MODE
menus.

VFR – HOT KEY

The VFR key will default the standby code immediately to the stored VFR code.
Typically this code will be 1200 for a General Aviation aircraft. The VFR key
calls the value set in the VFR option of the PROGRAM MODE menu.
To transfer the VFR code to the active position, press the toggle key. If no code is
entered, after 10 seconds idle the standby position will revert back to the original
VFR code.
To make the VFR code the

VFR Key active code, press the toggle key
to bring VFR to the top line
Press VFR key to bring the stored

VFR code to the standby line. In this
case VFR = 1200
ID KEY
The ID key ( Ident ) when pressed, adds additional code information
to the transmission for ATC. The code will flash on the ATC display
as a means of uniquely identifying the aircraft’s code from any other.
The T2000 has the option of a remote ID switch (pin 16).
The external switch should be a momentary-ON type. The switch or

ID key only need to be pressed briefly to activate the ident function.
I character replaces the R, while the Ident Key

IDENT function is in operation
Return code flashes for

20 seconds
1200
5400

INITIALISATION AND SETUP

The T2000 will operate as a conventional transponder when first installed and powered up. You will be able to
turn the transponder ON/OFF, adjust the standby code, and transfer the standby and active codes.
The T2000 has many other features, which can be programmed. Microair recommend, that the full setup
procedure be carried out prior to first flight. This section provides detailed procedures on the various parameters
and functions that can be setup from the front panel.
The following procedures provide step by step instructions to program the transponder options.
Program Mode VOLT MON

A/C VOLT
O/V Set
U/V Set
E/C POW
VFR CODE
BARO
REM STBY
NAME/REG
EXIT PROGRAM
PROGRAM MODE
To start the T2000 in PROGRAM MODE, hold down the MODE
key, and then press the ON key. Keep the MODE key held down until
the start up self test messsages have been displayed.
Each item can be adjusted to the desired value or option by scrolling

the CODE ADJUST knob. The selected value or option can be saved
by pressing the ENTER key. PROGRAM MODE then moves to the
next menu item.

VOLT MON
The T2000 can monitor aircraft voltage, and alert the pilot to the
aircraft electrical system over or under voltage conditions. This is the
aircraft supply voltage not just the transponder voltage, and is very
useful for troubleshooting aircraft electrical problems.
Press ENTER key Until VOLT MON message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Set VOLT MON = ON/OFF The default is ON
Press the ENTER key The message SAVED appears briefly on the display
The display moves to A/C VOLT menu item
A/C VOLT
The T2000’s voltage monitoring system must be told what the
nominal input voltage is. Most aircraft have either 14V or 28V
electrical systems.
If you are operating from a 12V battery, select the 14V option.
Press ENTER key Until A/C VOLT message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Set A/C VOLT = 14/28 The default is 14
Press ENTER key The message SAVED appears briefly on the display
The display moves to O/V Set menu item
O/V SET
This menu item sets the OVER voltage alert level, for the voltage
monitoring system. The maximum input voltage for the T2000 is 33V,
but we suggest that the alert level be set much lower, perhaps 2 volts
over the nominal supply volatge: eg O/V = 16V for 14V aircraft.
Press ENTER key Until O/V Set message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Scroll to adjust first digit of voltage
Press CODE SELECT knob Moves the digit to the right
The display moves to U/V Set menu item

U/V SET
This menu item sets the UNDER voltage alert level, for the voltage
monitoring system. The minimum input voltage for the T2000 is 10V,
but we suggest that the alert level be set higher, perhaps 3 volts below
the nominal supply voltage: eg U/V = 11V for 14V aircraft.
Press ENTER key Until U/V Set message appears

The display moves to E/C POW menu item
E/C POW
This item controls the output volts for an external encoder if required.
The power supplied for the encoder can be turned OFF when the
transponder SELECTMODE knob is in the ON position (mode A).
Power is only supplied when operating in the ALT position (mode C).
This function is provided to save power when operating solely from a
battery supply.
Press ENTER key Until E/C POW message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Set E/C POW = All/Alt The default is All
The display moves to VFR CODE menu item
Alt Encoder power is on in ALT and DISP ALT modes only.

All Encoder power is on in all modes.
IMPORTANT NOTE
Some encoders can take up to 10 minutes to warm up. NO ALT is displayed
until altitude data is received from the encoder.
Shorting the encoder power supply pins at the rear of the T2000, will result
in internal damage and void the warranty (refer to Installation Manual)
VFR CODE
This item sets the default VFR code which can be hot key accessed
from the V (VFR) key. For most countries the default general aviation
code is 1200. We recommend that this code be used.
Press ENTER key Until VFR CODE message appears

The display moves to BARO menu item

BARO
This item sets the barometric pressure units used by the T2000. The
user can select from MB = millibars, or HG = inches Mercury. We
recommen that the user selects the same unit as those used in the sub-
scale of the aircraft’s altimeter.
Press ENTER key Until BARO message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Set BARO = MB/HG The default is MB
The display moves to Rem Stby menu item
REM STBY
For aircraft using the remote standby line (pin 15), the operation of the
switch can be changed by the T2000 software. The remote switch
holds the T2000 in standby (S) regardless of what position the
SELECTMODE knob is in.
If the remote switch releases the T2000 from standby by closing, the operation is NORM (normal).
If the remote switch releases the T2000 from standby by opening, the operation is REV (reverse).
Press ENTER key Until Rem Stby message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Set Rem Stby = Norm/Rev The default is Norm
The display moves to EXIT PROGRAM menu item
IMPORTANT NOTE
If a remote switch is fitted, and it becomes faulty, the operation of the
switch can be changed with this feature. If the T2000 will not change from
standby, go to PROGRAM MODE and change the Rem Stdby. This may
release the T2000.

NAME /REG (one time only entry)

The T2000 allows you to enter either your name or aircraft
registration into a non-erasable memory. This provides a level of
security for the transponder, uniquely identifying it. Once entered, this
information will be displayed each time the transponder is turned on.
IMPORTANT NOTE
For security, once you enter and confirm your NAME/REG it cannot be
changed without the transponder being returned to an authorised service
facility. If a NAME/REG has previously been entered, this PROGRAM
MODE item will not be displayed again.
Press ENTER key Until NAME/REG message appears

Rotate CODE SELECT knob Adjust to desired letter/number for 1st character
Press CODE SELECT knob Saves character and advances one space to the right
Rotate CODE SELECT knob Adjust for 2nd character etc (repeat steps 2 & 3 to complete)
Press ENTER key Message CONFIRM appears
Press ENTER key Message TAKEN appears briefly on the display
Display moves to VOLT MON menu item
Press the toggle key at any time to return to the operational display mode.
EXIT PROGRAM
This is the end of the PROGRAM MODE menu. The user can exit
by pressing the ENTER key. The T2000 will restart in the operational
mode.
The user can exit the PROGRAM MODE menu at any time, from
any menu item, by pressing the toggle key.
To re-enter the PROGRAM MODE menu the T2000 must be turned off, and re-started using the ON and
MODE keys (refer PROGRAM MODE section).

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:

The following questions are common to most users and may help you understand the operation of the T2000,
some of these are explained in the user manual but may have been missed by the reader:
Q. When I am asked to Sqwawk Ident ( ID ) the I indicator stays on for a long time. Why ???
A The I or ident character, is used to denote that the transponder reply now includes the ident information,
to make the return flash on the ATC display. The ident will stay on for 20 seconds before returning to
normal operation.
Q When asked to go to mode C from mode A, the altitude does not appear on the ground station for some
time, usually after 8 minutes, is this normal?
A Yes, if the encoder has the option for mode C only power on (see setup), then when in mode A it will
have no power applied to it, in mode C the power is applied for the first time. Some encoders have a
warm up period of up to 10 minutes, and the encoder information will be missing for this period. One
way to overcome this is to have the encoder power on selected to ALL (in the options, setup) . This
means that as soon as the unit is turned on, the encoder will be running. For power conservation (Gliders
etc) we recommend power on mode C only.
Q I have mode C selected and when I taxi around an S appears instead of C, even though the
SELECTMODE knob is not set to standby!
A. The unit has probably had the external standby switch wired to an air-switch. When the aircraft lands,
and slows down, the airflow over the switch is unable to hold back the spring operation of the air-switch.
The T2000 will switch from the operating mode from the SELECTMODE knob, to standby and the S
appears on the display. When the aircraft takes off again, the airflow increases, and operates the external
standby switch, and the T2000 reverts back to the SELECTMODE setting.
The external standby can be wired as a stick mounted switch. Be aware of this switch when flying, as the
T2000 will operate outside standby, until the switch is operated.
Check the Rem Stby function in the PROGRAM MODE menu to ensure the switch is operating the
correct way.

Q I have noticed that sometimes when I switch on the Avionics Master switch, the T2000 turns on by itself,
without pressing the ON key. Why?
A The T2000’s ON key is software controlled. The T2000 will remember if it was on or off. When the
power is turned on again, the T2000 will revert to its last operational condition, and turn on.
In normal operation we advise using the on/off button on the T2000 to turn the unit off before switching
off the master. This will give the T2000 protection against possible voltage surges when the master is
turn on again. In some installations however, the use of an avionics master tends to make this process
obsolete for some – we still recommend turning it off and on via the T2000 on/off button!
Q Whilst flying outside normal radar coverage I have noticed that the reply symbol still flashes from time
to time – what causes this?
A Other aircraft fitted with TCAS systems can still interrogate non TCAS equipped aircraft like yours.
This then lets them know where you are, and is displayed on their TCAS screens. The TCAS aircraft
could be 100 or more miles away and at altitudes +30,000ft!
Q I have tried to power up my T2000 on the bench from a dc power supply, but it won’t start up properly.
What is going on ?
A The T2000 has a number of large capacitors fitted, and at the moment of turn on they will try to charge
up. When this happens, an “in rush” of current occurs. If the power supply cannot cope with this “in
rush” the supply voltage will dip to the point where the T2000 will detect a power failure, and reboot.
The answer is to connect a battery across the power supply to cushion the “in rush” and allow the T2000
to get past this point.
Prolonged operation with the T2000 in reboot may result in a NO COMM error on the display. If this
message appears, the communications between the microprocessor has been disturbed, and will require
factory service.
This concludes our FAQ’s , you can log on to www.microair.com.au for other FAQ and technical data.

LIMITED WARRANTY
Microair Avionics Pty Ltd warrants this product to be free from defects
in materials and workmanship for 1 year from the date of purchase.
Microair Avionics will, at its sole discretion, repair or replace any
components, which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will
be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labour. The customer
shall be responsible for any transportation costs for return of this product
to Microair Pty Ltd.
This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, unauthorized alteration, or repairs carried
out by parties other than Microair or an approved Microair service centre. This warranty does not cover failures
where the product has not been installed or operated, in accordance with the provisions of the User and
Installation manual(s).
It shall be at Microair Pty Ltd’s sole discretion to decide if a defect is a result of material or workmanship
failure.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN

LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUARY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU
SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE, AND
COUNTRY TO COUNTRY.
IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROAIR AVIONICS PTY LTD BE LIABLE FOR ANY

INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER
RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR
FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT.
To obtain warranty service, CALL the Microair Avionics Support line in Australia:
Phone: ++ 61 7 41 553048
Fax: ++ 61 7 41 553049
Email: [email protected]
Contact Microair Avionics for instruction on the return of product for service or repair. Please ensure that you
are able to supply the date of purchase, product type reference, serial number, method of return and date of
return. All product returning to Microair Avionics should be marked clearly:
“PRODUCT RETURNING TO COUNTRY OF ORIGIN,

FOR WARRANTY SERVICE / REPAIR,
AND WILL BE RE-EXPORTED”
Address to either:
Microair Avionics Pty Ltd Microair Avionics Pty Ltd
P O Box 5532 Airport Drive
Bundaberg West Bundaberg West
Queensland 4670 Queensland 4670
Australia Australia
Microair may at it discretion, refer product returns for repair or service, to a service facility closest to you.
Microair Avionics Pty Ltd reserves the right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the
purchase price at it’s sole discretion.
SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH
OF WARRANTY.

T2000 User Manual V27

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About This Document

Revision 2.7 of this manual is to be supplied and used in conjunction with

© Microair Avionics Pty Ltd

DOCUMENT REVISION STATUS – T2000-DOC-001

Version 2.7 Page 2 1st June 2002

INITIALISATION AND SETUP .................................................................................. 20

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: ...................................................................... 25

Version 2.7 Page 3 1st June 2002

The aircraft’s transponder

Ground stations sweep the sky with a signal, which

Version 2.7 Page 4 1st June 2002

0000 General Purpose code subject to regional agreement

Version 2.7 Page 5 1st June 2002

When the T2000 is first turned on there is no backlighting.

Version 2.7 Page 6 1st June 2002

ON Transponder operates in mode A where only the active code is sent.

Microair T2000 SFL

Version 2.7 Page 7 1st June 2002

STANDBY Active Code

PA Pressure Altitude F Feet

Q QNH or Barometric Altitude M Metres

Version 2.7 Page 8 1st June 2002

Examples of encoder altitude Examples of pressure adjusted encoder altitude

Version 2.7 Page 9 1st June 2002

CODE SELECT Knob

Version 2.7 Page 10 1st June 2002

MODE MENU QNH or Baro

Version 2.7 Page 11 1st June 2002

QNH or BARO (Barometric Pressure)

Press MODE key (once) To select QNH / Baro option

Version 2.7 Page 12 1st June 2002

Press MODE key (2 times) To select Assigned option

When entering an altitude…

Rotate the CODE SELECT knob to increase or decrease the height

Version 2.7 Page 13 1st June 2002

Press MODE key (3 times) To select Buffer Alt option

With the Assigned altitude set at 3500 feet, and the

No alert will be displayed while the aircraft remains

Version 2.7 Page 14 1st June 2002

The options are: F = FEET eg 15000F

Press MODE key (4 times) To select Altitude option

5350 FEET. Units in feet are indicated by the F character at the

FLIGHT LEVEL 153. Units in Flight Levels are indicated by the

1500 METRES. Units in metres are indicated by the M character

Version 2.7 Page 15 1st June 2002

Over Voltage Limit

Under Voltage Limit

Rx Level is measured in a range of 0-255.

Version 2.7 Page 16 1st June 2002

Press MODE key (6 times) To select Alert Tone option

Version 2.7 Page 17 1st June 2002

The ENTER key is also used to quick-set a parameter to a default value.

In all modes of operation, only the active code is transmitted.

Version 2.7 Page 18 1st June 2002

VFR – HOT KEY

To make the VFR code the

Press VFR key to bring the stored

The external switch should be a momentary-ON type. The switch or