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    Biology Investigatoy Project

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    kchaitrarao12

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Biology Investigatoy Project

    Uploaded by

    kchaitrarao12
    7 views8 pages

    Original Title

    BIOLOGY INVESTIGATOY PROJECT (1)

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views8 pages

    Biology Investigatoy Project

    Uploaded by

    kchaitrarao12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    INDEX

    1. INTRODUCTION

    2. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

    3. RISK FACTORS

    4. DIAGNOSIS

    5. SURGERY

    6. PREVENTION AND AWARENESS

    7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
    INTRODUCTION TO BREAST
    CANCER?

    Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer that affects


    millions of individuals worldwide. It occurs when cells
    from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply
    the ducts with milk. Cancers developing from ducts are
    known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing
    from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas.
    In addition, there are more then 18 other sub-types of
    breast cancer.
    Some cancers develop from pre-invasive lesions such as
    ductal carcinoma in situ.
    Early detection and understanding of the disease are
    crucial for effective treatment and prevention strategies.
    This investigatory project aims to delve into the various
    aspects of breast cancer, including its causes, risk factors,
    detection methods, and potential treatments.
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

    - A lump in the breast (the most common first sign)


    - A change in breast shape
    - Dimpling of the skin
    - Fluid coming from the nipple
    - Red scaly patch of skin
    - Breast or nipple pain
    - Swollen lymph nodes
    - Shortness of breath
    - Yellow skin
    - Nipple changes, such as turning inward or pulling
    to one side

    When to see a doctor


    If you find a lump or other change in your breast,
    make an appointment with a doctor or other
    healthcare professional. Don't wait for your next
    mammogram to see if the change you found is
    breast cancer. Report any changes in your breasts
    even if a recent mammogram showed there was
    no breast cancer
    RISK FACTORS
    ● A family history of breast cancer.
    ● Beginning your period before age 12 increases your risk of
    breast cancer.
    ● Beginning menopause after age 55 increases the risk of breast
    cancer.
    ● Being female. Women are much more likely than men are to get
    breast cancer. Everyone is born with some breast tissue, so
    anyone can get breast cancer.
    ● Dense breast tissue.
    ● Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer
    ● Giving birth to your first child after age 30 may increase the
    risk of breast cancer.
    ● Never having been pregnant increases the risk.
    ● The risk of breast cancer goes up as you get older.
    ● People with obesity have an increased risk of breast cancer.
    ● If you received radiation treatments to your chest as a child or
    young adult, your risk of breast cancer is higher.
    ● Inherited DNA changes that increase cancer risk.
    DIAGNOSIS

    Receiving a mammogram

    Breast MRI

    Core needle biopsy

    {OTHERS- Breast ultrasound, Removing a sample of


    breast cells for testing, Testing cells in the lab}
    SURGERY
    Lumpectomy
    A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some
    of the healthy tissue that surrounds it.

    Mastectomy
    During a total mastectomy, the surgeon removes the
    breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin.

    Sentinel node biopsy


    Sentinel node biopsy identifies the first few lymph
    nodes into which a tumor drains. The surgeon uses a
    harmless dye and a weak radioactive solution to
    locate the sentinel nodes. The nodes are removed
    and tested for signs of cancer.

    Radiation therapy
    External beam radiation uses high-powered beams of
    energy to kill cancer cells. Beams of radiation are
    precisely aimed at the cancer using a machine that moves
    around your body.

    Chemotherapy
    Chemotherapy for breast cancer is often used after surgery. It can kill
    any cancer cells that might remain and lower the risk of the cancer
    coming back.
    PREVENTION AND AWARENESS

    ● Become familiar with your breasts through breast


    self-exam for breast awareness.
    ● Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all.
    ● Exercise most days of the week.
    ● Limit menopausal hormone therapy.
    ● Maintain a healthy weight.
    ● Staying physically active.
    ● Breastfeeding.
    ● Quitting tobacco use and avoiding exposure to tobacco
    smoke.
    ● Avoiding the prolonged use of hormones
    ● Avoiding excessive exposure to radiation

    Breast Cancer Awareness Month has been celebrated


    every October for the last 90 years. It is called "Pink
    October" as people around the world adopt the pink
    colour and display a pink ribbon to raise awareness
    about the importance of prevention and routine
    screening for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, now
    the second most commonly diagnosed cancer globally.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    ● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast
    -cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470

    ● https://www.wikipedia.org/

    ● https://www.google.com/

    ● https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/
    breast

    ● https://www.who.int/breast_cancer
    ● https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    ● https://www.uicc.org

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