LEGAL STUDIES

The Department of Law is currently running LL.M

(2Years) program spreading over 4 Semesters. The
candidates having passed LLB from any HEC PhD in Law
recognized university are eligible for admissions. Our Legum Magister LL.M
LL.M degree is in accordance with the guidelines and
International & Maritime Law LL.M
requirements of HEC and Pakistan Bar Council.

1
 Ph.D in Law
Department of Legal Studies

Available Campuses Entry Requirements Objectives of the Degree

Islamabad LLM degree from an HEC The objective of PhD program is:
recognized university with a To groom scholars for the industry and for the academic world.
Regular Program Duration minimum CGPA of 3.0/4.0
To unveil new spectrums of knowledge either by discovery of new
3 Years (semester system) or 60% marks
facts, or by the formulation of new theories.
6 Semesters (annual system). HEC’s
equivalency certificate is To introduce innovation in studies.
Available Specialization required for LLM degree from To ensure development of law by working on reinterpretation of
General foreign university. NTS-GAT established theories and doctrines.
(Subject test) or GRE (Subject To become hub of innovative research and scholarship.
Program Timing test) with minimum 60% marks
or BU Computer based test with To improve quality of research by introducing new research
Evening techniques and methods.
minimum 70% marks.

Learning outcome of the Degree Program

The PhD program of Bahria University is designed to give scholars
exposure to different aspects and areas of law. It is expected that they
will understand intricacies of legal theory and practical issues keeping in
view the developments at international level. This program will
empower and equip scholars to apply knowledge and critical thinking
skills to carry out legal analysis, reasoning and problems solving
including substantial alternative constructions and interpretations. This
program is designed while keeping in view academic level of the
potential scholars and their work experience. The program will ensure
that students should get advanced understanding of law and legal
theory. Through, this program student will be able to work on
developing and improving theories, rules and ethics of legal profession
by establishing commitment to uphold the honor and integrity of the
legal profession, to conduct themselves with morality, dignity, and care,
adoring the values and principles that are expressed by the legal
profession, and to treat others with civility, justice and respect, even in
disagreement. This program is aimed to produce original research in
range of legal disciplines, giving scholars expertise across the board and
providing the required skills.

Why choose BU for the Stated Degree Program?

The unique federal and diverse character of the BU will further
encourage and enrich social and cultural integration in Pakistan. The
department will research, debate, analyze, evaluate and integrate
various modes of indigenous systems of the administration of justice
prevailing in different parts of the country. It will focus and work for
creating a tolerant and liberal vision that will ensure long term social
benefits necessary for an enlightened and moderate society. The
department will focus to develop the intellectual and practical skills of
students and in particular it will aim that students are enabled to
develop and demonstrate independent thinking, plan and carry out
independent research and apply basic skills and techniques of legal
research. The department will be a key partner with government

2
 Ph.D in Law
Department of Legal Studies

initiatives and will provide services in its field of expertise. It will have strong partnerships and linkages with world class universities in the field of legal
education and research.

Research Groups Relevant to this Degree Programme, within BU and their area of interest
Law and Social Policy

Future Career Prospects

It will help scholars to start their own independent practice, law firms or research think tanks. The students of PhD Law will be able to establish themselves as
academicians and work as the legal professors in different law faculties across the country. Higher scholarship will help scholars to improve their legal practice
and work as consultant with Ministries and different organizations. Scholars can work in policy making institutions and help in drafting new policies and
improving the existing policies.

PhD
Scheme of Studies
Course Work 18
Thesis 36
Total Credit Hours for PhD Program 54 credit hours

PhD Road Map

Semester-1

Course Title Course Title Credit Hours

LLP-801 Advanced Research Methods in 3
Law(Compulsory)
LLP-801 Elective 2 3
LLP-801 Elective 3 3

3
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

Semester-2

Course Title Course Title Credit Hours

LLP-XXX Elective 4 3
LLP-801 Elective 5 3
LLP-801 Elective 6 3

Course work of 18 credit hours will be complete after 2nd semester.

Semester-3

Comprehensive Exam
Approval Thesis Proposal
Semester-4

Research Work
Semester-5

Research Work
Semester-6
Research Work

Thesis

Course Code Course Title Credit Hours

LLP-812 Thesis 36 credit Hour

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 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

LIST OF ELECTIVE COURSES

Course Code Subject Title Credit Hours

LLP-801 Advanced Research Methods in Law 3

LLP-802 Legal History of the Subcontinent 3

LLP-803 Comparative Legal Theory/Philosophy 3

LLP-804 Law and Governance: Institutional Framework 3

LLP-805 Comparative Legal System and Procedure 3

LLP-806 Transformation of Sharia into Law: The Modern Application of Sharia 3

LLP-807 Technological Advancement in Law 3

LLP-809 Law and Regional Integration: With Focus On CPEC 3

LLP-810 Comparative Criminal Justice System 3

LLP-811 Comparative Human Rights Law 3

LLM-701 Administrative Law 3

LLM-702 Alternate Dispute Resolution 3

LLM-703 Banking Law 3

LLM-704 Commercial/ Business Law 3

LLM-705 Company/ Corporate Law 3

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 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

LLM-706 Comparative Constitutional Law 3

LLM-707 Comparative Environmental Law 3

LLM-708 Comparative Human Rights Law 3

LLM-709 Comparative Study Of Islamic And 3

Western Jurisprudence

LLM-710 Constitutional Law Of Pakistan 3

LLM-711 Criminology 3

LLM-712 Intellectual Property Laws 3

LLM-713 International Economic Law 3

LLM-714 International Trade Law 3

LLM-715 Islamic Law 3

LLM-716 Labour Law 3

LLM-717 Law And Politics 3

LLM-718 Law And Society In South Asia 3

LLM-719 Law Of Evidence 3

LLM-720 Law Of International Institutions 3

LLM-721 Law Of Taxation 3

LLM-722 Legal History Of Pakistan And India 3

LLM-723 Shipping Law 3

LLM-724 Western Jurisprudence And Legal Theory 3

LLM-726 Cyber Space Law: Internet Jurisdiction And Dispute Resolution 3

LLM-727 Cybercrime: International Cooperation And Digital Investigations 3

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 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

LLM-728 E-Commerce Laws 3

LLM-729 Media Laws 3

LLM-730 Global Security & Human Rights Law 3

LLM-731 International Refugee Law 3

LLM-732 International Investment Law 3

LLM-733 Comparative Criminal Justice 3

LLM-734 International Humanitarian Law 3

LLM-735 Immigration Law 3

LLM-736 Law Of Treatise 3

LLM-737 Islamic Law Of War And Peace 3

LLM-738 International Criminal Law 3

LLM-739 Energy And Climate Change Law 3

LLM 740 Public International Law 3

LLM 741 International Maritime Laws 3

LLM 742 Carriage Of Goods By Sea 3

LLM 743 International Commercial Arbitration 3

LLM 744 Commercial Conflict Of Laws 3

LLM 745 Shipping Contracts 3

LLM 746 Marine Insurance 3

LLM 747 Law Of Marine Environment 3

LLM 748 Crimes At Sea 3

7
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

Course Details j. Economic Structure of Ancient India: [a] Pastoralism; [b] Peasant phase; [c]
1. Advanced Research Methods in Law Village; [d]

The course provides an advanced program of research training for students k. Agriculture and stockbreeding; [e] Origin and types of property; [f] Urban
of proven academic ability. centres; [g] Guilds; [h]

It provides structured and systematic examination of the nature, aims and Trade and finance; [i] Maritime trade.
methodologies of legal research as a foundation for dissertation design and l. The Way India Was Conquered and Political Power Consolidated: Impact
writing. Included in the unit of study content are examinations of On Legal Traditions.
fundamental aspects of the legal research process, including problem
m. The Judicial System of the East India Company
definition,methodology, design of the research proposal, considerations of
ethical issues, quantitative research in law, questionnaire and survey design, n. The Administration of Justice in Medieval India: a study in outline of the
interdisciplinary approaches to investigating legal controversies, judicial system under
comparative research and the publication of legal research. Also included is the sultans and the Badshahs of Delhi based mainly upon cases decided by
a systematic review of the main online research tools for finding primary and medieval courts in
secondary legal sources, including foreign legal materials. Overall, the unit
provides students the opportunity to apply and modify investigative, India between 1206-1750 AD
analytical and critical skills gained and developed through the coursework o. Codification of laws as statutory laws, except personal laws:
units to the resolution of a legal problem.
p. Judicial system in Pre-Mughal Period
Recommended Books:
q. History of Law Reporting in India
Armstrong and Christopher A. Knott, Where the Law Is: An Introduction to
r. History of Legal Profession
Advanced Legal Research
Fourth Edition, West Law School 2012.
Recommended Readings:
200 of 243
1. Baxi, Upendranath, Towards an Indian Sociology of Law, [New Delhi,
2. Legal History of the Subcontinent
1986]
Topics of Study:
2. Derret, Duncan M., Religion, Law and the State in India [New Delhi, 1999]
a. What is History? [a] The subject matter of history; [b] Knowability of the
3. Fyzee, A.A.A., Outlines of Mohammedan Law, [Bombay, 1951]
past; [c] Purpose of history; [d] Relationship between history and its
neighbours; [e] Relationship between history and law. 4. Jain, M.P., Outlines of Indian Legal History [Delhi, 1997]
b. Historical Evolution of Indian Legal System 5. Jois, Justice M. Rama, Legal and Constitutional History of India: Ancient
Legal, Judicial and
c. Evolution of Hindu law: The stages of Hindu law in Indian history.
Constitutional System [Delhi, 2001]
d. Dharma: [a] Definition and meaning of purusharthas; [b] Definition and
meaning of dharma; [c] Branches of dharma. 6. Lingat, Robert, The Classical Law of India [New Delhi, 1998]
e. Role of the State in Ancient Indian Society: [a] Early experiments, [b] Tribal 7. Mathur, AshutoshDayal, Medieval Hindu Law: Historical Evolution and
polity; [c] Tribal assemblies; [d] Later-Vedic developments, especially the Enlightened Rebellion
concept of kingship; [e] Royal functions; [f] Councilors and officials; [g] [New Delhi, 2007]
Oligarchies and republics.
8. Mensky, Werner, Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal
f. Colonial Law and Cultural Difference: Jurisdictional Politics and the Systems of Asia and
Formation of the g. Colonial State
Africa,[Cambridge, 2006]
h. Feudalism: [a] Quasi-feudalism; [b] Feudalism; [c.] Local administration;
[d.] Working of the Mahasabhas. 9. Singh, M.P., Outlines of Indian Legal and Constitutional History, [New
Delhi, 1969]
i. Social organizations in ancient India: [a] Varna system; [b] Gotraand
pravara; [c] Varna and jati; 10. Sreenivasa Murthy, H.V., History of India Part I For Law Students,
National Law School of
[d] Family; [e] Status of women.

8
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

India, Bar Council of India, [Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 2008] in, 1963]
11. Alschuler, Albert W., Law without Values: The Life, Work and Legacy of 29. Sharma, Arvind, Hinduism and Human Rights: A Conceptual Approach,
Justice Homes [New Delhi, 2007]
[Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2000] 30. Trautmann, Thomas R., Aryans and British India, [New Delhi: Yoda Press,
2004]
12. Embree, Ainslie T., [ed.], Sources of Indian Tradition, Vol 1: From the
Beginning to 1800 [New 31. Qazalbash, Yawer, Principles of Muslim Law, Second Edition, 2005,
[Allahabad: Modern Law
Delhi: Columbia Press, 1988] 201 of 243
House, 2005]
13. Gordon, Robert W., The Legacy of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
[Edinburgh, 1992]
14. Guha, Ranajit, A Rule of Property for Bengal: An Essay on the Idea of 3. Comparative Legal Theory
Permanent Settlement [Paris, 1963] Topics of Study
15. Habib, Irfan, [ed.], Medieval India I: Researches in the History of India, a. Pre-Aristotle developments
1200-1750, [New Delhi, 1992]
b. 2. Aristotle-His Social & Legal philosophy
16. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, The Collected Works of Justice Holmes [S.
Novick, ed.], [Chicago, 1995] c. Law, Justice, Equity

17. Posner, Richard A., The Essential Holmes: Selections from the Letters, d. Post Aristotle and legal Philosophy
Speeches, Judicial Opinions and Other Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, e. Different Schools of Thought
Jr. [Chicago, 1992]
f. Modern Trends in Legal Philosophy
18. Pound, Roscoe, Jurisprudence, Vol. 1 [St. Paul, Minnesota, 1959]
g. International Law in Jurisprudence
19. Kane, P.V., History of Dharmasastra, Vols. 1-5 [Poona, 1968]
h. Law of Nature-as Propounded by Different Schools of Legal Philosophy
20. Kangle, R.P., The KautilyaArthasastra[Bombay, 1969]
21. Kulshreshtha, V.D., Landmarks in India Legal and Constitutional History,
Recommended Readings:
[Lucknow, 2005]
1. Salmond on Jurisprudence.
22. Mahajan, V.D., Jurisprudence and Legal Theory [Lucknow, 2003]
2. Holland, The Elements of Jurisprudence.
23. -, Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity, [Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 2008; first published in 2003] 3. Pollak Sir, Jurisprudence & Legal Essay.
24. Novick, Sheldon M., Honourable Justice: The Life of Oliver Wendell 4. Aristotle, Politics (Ed. E. Barker, London).
Holmes, [Chicago, 1989] 5. Politics (Benjamin Jowett. New York).
25. Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra, Political History of Ancient India, [New 6. Hobbes, Leviathan (Chaps 13-26).
Delhi: Oxford University
7. Locke, Of Civil Government (Book-II).
Press, 2006; seventh impression; first published in 1923]
8. Austin, Lectures in Jurisprudence, Lec 1-6.
26. Rizvi, S.A.A., The Wonder that was India, Part II: A Survey of the History
and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent from the Coming of the Muslims to 202 of 243
the British Conquest, 1200-1700, 9. Bentham, Theory of Legislation.
[New Delhi, 1993] 10. Maine, Ancient Law.
27. Saharay, H.K., Legal and Constitutional History of India [A Legal Study of 11. M.D.A. Freman, Introduction to Jurisprudence, London, Sweet &
the Constitutional
12. Maxwell.
Development of India] [Calcutta, 1985]
13. J.W.Harris, Legal Philosophies, London, Butterworths.
28. Schacht, Joseph, Introduction to Islamic Law, [Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1993; first published 14. H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford

9
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

15. Julis Stone, Province and Function of Law. issues underpin many procedural rules and that, while most procedural
16. Hall, Readings in Jurisprudence. regimes seek to achieve the

17. Cohen & Cohen, Readings in Jurisprudence and Legal Philosophy. same general purpose (resolving disputes over legal rights), they often do so
in different ways that
5. Comparative Legal Systems and Procedures:
may signify philosophical difference as well as different balances between
The comparison of legal systems has for a long time been an essential branch the various competing
of legal research and
interests.
jurisprudence. It has become even more important and relevant in our era of
globalization, an era in Recommended Readings:

which there is no field of law that can base its knowledge exclusively on 1. Basil C. Bitas, Comparative Legal Systems, LexisNexis
national ideas and rules of 2. René David, John E. C. Brierley, Major Legal Systems in the World Today:
procedure. The law of any system is based on legal tradition. Generally, law An Introduction to
changes very slowly. To the Comparative Study of Law, Simon and Schuster, 1978
study law without knowing something of its history is to study law in a 3. Justice(r) Fazal Karim. The Law of Criminal Procedure, Pakistan Law House
vacuum. Indeed, it is often 2010
argued that legal history and comparative law have close links. The history of 4. New South Wales. Law Reform Commission, Studies in comparative civil
a legal system also and criminal
explains some of its characteristics and peculiarities and the study of the procedure, Volumes 1-2
historical development or
Studies in Comparative Civil and Criminal Procedure, New South Wales. Law
background of legal ideas is sometimes referred to as historical Reform
jurisprudence – a study which is not
Commission 1978
much in fashion nowadays. All legal systems in the world today have reached
the present through a
6. Transformation of Shariah into Law: Modern Application of Shariah
process of evolution. Some comparatives would argue that you cannot begin
to use the comparative Topics of Study
method unless you thoroughly understand the history of a particular legal a. Introduction to the course
system. It may not always 203 of 243
be possible to have a thorough grasp of the history of a system let alone b. Codification of Sharia
several systems, but it is
c. Evaluation of the Codification of Sharia
helpful to have at least a general knowledge, because this will help your
understanding of why a d. The Attitude of Ullama and the Judiciary towards the Codification of
Sharia
system is as it is today.
e. Sharia Risk: Islamic Finance transformation into Islamic Contract Law
This course will also include the theoretical aspects of legal procedure in
both the civil and criminal f. Sharia and the Leadership of Muslim States

contexts, and exposes a number of interesting issues that will be analyzed g. Pre-Modern Governance: The Circle of Justice
through comparative
lenses. The primary purpose is to provide new ways of thinking about legal Recommended Readings:
procedure and evidence.
1. Nyazee, Imran Ahsan Khan. Theories of Islamic Law. Islamic Research
Procedural rules are often thought of as being secondary and technical in Institute, 2009.
nature, bearing no
2. Anderson, N. Law Reform in the Muslim World. London 1976.
normative significance and merely facilitative. A deeper enquiry will reveal
3. Anderson, N. and N.J. Coulson, Islamic Law in Contemporary Cultural
that serious theoretical

10
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

Change. München 1967. study of the major legal traditions (e.g., common law, civil law, socialist law)
4. Bälz, K. “The Secular Reconstruction of Islamic Law: The Islamic Supreme and analysis of the
Constitutional Court criminal justice system across the world, including police, courts, and prisons.
and the ‘Battle over the Veil’ in State-Run Schools.” The students will

5. Brown, N.J. and A.O. Sherif, “Inscribing Sharia in Arab Constitutional Law.” identify, analyze, and compare the criminal justice systems in the Pakistan
Washington with those of other

(unpublished). Chehata, Ch. Droit Musulman: Application au Proche-Orient. countries. The course will explain the basic worldwide philosophies of law
Paris 1970. and justice, the

6. Coulson, N.J. Conflicts and Tensions in Islamic Jurisprudence. Chicago arrangements for crime prevention and law enforcement, and the methods
1969. of dealing with convicted

7. The Political and Legal Theories of Muhammad. Abdullah and Rashid, offenders throughout the world.
Berkeley & Los Angeles 1966.
8. Khadduri, M. The Encyclopedia of Islam. New ed., VI (1991), 739. Recommended Readings:
9. Krawietz, B. “Cut and Paste in Legal Rules: Designing Islamic Norms with 1. Justice(r) Fazal Karim. The Law of Criminal Procedure, Pakistan Law House
Talfiq.” Die Welt des 2010
Islams I 42, 1 (2002), 3–40. 2. Pakes, Francis. Comparative Criminal Justice. Third Edition. Routledge
10. Layish, A. “The Contribution of the Modernists to the Secularization of Publishers 2014
Islamic Law.” Middle 3. Philip L. Reichel, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: A Topical
Eastern Studies 14 (1978), 263–277. Approach (6th edition)

11. “The Fatwa as an Instrument of Accommodation.” In Masud, Messick&

Powers, Islamic Legal 10. Comparative Human Rights
Interpretation, 270–77. a. Topics of Study:
204 of 243
7. Technological Advancement in Law b. History
Topics of Study: c. Individual as-subject of International Law.
d. Minority / Refugee Protection.
Recommended Readings: e. Covenant / Charter Provisions on Human Rights
f. Universal Declaration of Human Right.
8. Law and Regional Integration: With Focus On CPEC g. International covenants on human rights
Topics of Study h. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Recommended Readings: i. International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights.
j. Optional Protocol
9. Comparative Criminal Justice System k. Other International Convention / I.L.O. Conventions.
In this course, the evolution and operation of criminal justice systems in l. Regional conventions in human rights
different societies and
m. European Convention on Human Rights.
communities will be discussed. The emphasis of the course will be on the
n. Helsinki Accord, 1975.
development of criminal
o. The Role of National / Regional / International Organization in the
justice in response to social, historical and political factors. This course will
also provide comparative p. Protection of Human Rights

11
 PhD Law
Department of Legal Studies

q. 15. Humanitarian intervention.

Recommended Books:
1. Oliver Schutter, International Human Rights Law
2. Edward Arnold, Human Rights, 1978.
3. Rhona K.M. Smith and Christien van den Anker, The essentials of... human
rights.
4. M R Ishey, The Human Rights Reader, 2nd ed, Routledge London/New York,
2007.
5. Charles R. Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights, OUP, New York, 2007.
6. Henry, J & Philip Alston, Human Rights in Context, OUP, 2000
7. Mashood A Baderin, Human Rights and Islamic Law, OUP, 2003

12
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Available Campuses Entry Requirements Objectives of the Degree

Islamabad LL.B from any recognized • To inculcate advanced knowledge of law in particular of
university/institute with international perspective.
Regular Program Duration minimum 3.00 CGPA in • To comprehend the relation between continuing attainment of
2 Years semester system and in case of knowledge and skills and meeting professional responsibilities.
4 Semesters annual system 55% marks are • To enhanced understanding of fundamental doctrines and
required. principles of law.
Available Specialization • To understand the basic philosophies and practice of legislative
General Additionally, applicants must enactment and Interpretations.
provide HEC verification of all • To foster an enlightened devotion to the rule of law.
academic certificates / degrees.
Program Timing • To read, comprehend and use cases, statutes and rules to solve
Morning legal problems and construct legal arguments.
• To nurture a culture of excellent and genuine research in law, and
to learn techniques for improving one’s own writing, time
management, self-reflection and skills for successful academic
study and practice.
• To learn techniques of convincing written advocacy.
• To develop the intellectual, practical and transferable skills
necessary for employment in the legal profession and other
careers along with adequate exposure to industry.
• To make substantial contributions, through creation of knowledge
for the wellbeing of the citizens of Pakistan, and the people in the
region and elsewhere.
• To adopt innovative teaching methods to increase critical and
analytical skills.
• To instill higher legal moral values, legal ethics and observance
through conduct and Practice.

Learning outcome of the Degree Program

The LL.M program of Bahria University is designed to give students
exposure to different aspects and areas of law. It is expected that they
will understand from the basic legal theory and principle of
jurisprudence, to the complex criminal and corporate theories vis-à-vis
practical issues keeping in view the developments at international level.
This program will empower and equip them to apply knowledge and
critical thinking skills to carry out legal analysis, reasoning and problems
solving including substantial alternative constructions and
interpretations. This two year program is designed while keeping in view
academic level of the students and their work experience. The program
will ensure that students should get advanced understanding of law and
legal theory. Through, this program student will be able to grasp the
significance of the rules and ethics of legal profession by establishing
commitment to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession,
to conduct themselves with morality, dignity, and care, adoring the
values and principles that are expressed by the legal profession, and to
treat others with civility, justice and respect, even in disagreement. This
program is aimed to provide exposure to a range of legal disciplines,
giving students expertise across the board and providing the skills.

13
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Why choose BU for the Stated Degree Program?

The unique federal and diverse character of the BU will further encourage and enrich social and cultural integration in Pakistan. The department will research,
debate, analyze, evaluate and integrate various modes of indigenous systems of the administration of justice prevailing in different parts of the country. It will
focus and work for creating a tolerant and liberal vision that will ensure long term social benefits necessary for an enlightened and moderate society.
The department will focus to develop the intellectual and practical skills of students and in particular it will aim that students are
enabled to develop and demonstrate independent thinking, plan and carry out independent research and apply basic skills and
techniques of legal research.
The department will be a key partner with government initiatives and will provide services in its field of expertise. It will have strong partnerships and linkages
with world class universities in the field of legal education and research.

Future Career Prospects

The graduates of Department of Law would have the enough potential to prominently join the legal profession. They will be well equipped with required
knowledge and skills to perform the role as in-house counsels for the various corporate bodies. They would be potentially capable to qualify for the civil
services of Pakistan (CSP), judiciary and related fields. Moreover they will be able to substantially contribute through the research publications.

14
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Road Map
SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR LLM-2 YEAR PROGRAM

SUBJECTS CREDITS
Compulsory
1 3
Course
Elective
7 21
Courses
Research
1 6
Thesis
TOTAL 9 30
SEMESTER
1
COURSE
COURSE TITLE CREDITS
CODE
LLM-700 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3
LLM-724 WESTERN JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL THEORY 3
LLM-713 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW 3
LLM-711 CRIMINOLOGY 3
SEMESTER
2
LLM-702 ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 3
LLM-706 COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 3
LLM-708 COMPARATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 3
LLM-720 LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 3
SEMESTER
3
LLM-725 THESIS/DISSERTATION-ll 6

15
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

List of Elective Courses

Course Code Subject Title

LLM-701 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
LLM-702 ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
LLM-703 BANKING BLAW
LLM-704 COMMERCIAL/ BUSINESS LAW
LLM-705 COMPANY/ CORPORATE LAW
LLM-706 COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
LLM-707 COMPARATIVE ENVRONMENTAL LAW
LLM-708 COMPARATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC AND WETERN
LLM-709
JURISPRUDENCE
LLM-710 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF PAKISTAN
LLM-711 CRIMINOLOGY
LLM-712 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS
LLM-713 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW
LLM-714 INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
LLM-715 ISLAMIC LAW
LLM-716 LABOUR LAW
LLM-717 LAW AND POLITICS
LLM-718 LAW AND SOCIETY IN SOUTH ASIA
LLM-719 LAW OF EVIDENCE
LLM-720 LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
LLM-721 LAW OF TAXATION
LLM-722 LEGAL HISTORY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA
LLM-723 SHIPPING LAW
LLM-724 WESTERN JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL THEORY

16
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

CYBER SPACE LAW: INTERNET JURISDICTION AND DISPUTE

LLM-726
RESOLUTION
CYBERCRIME: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DIGITAL
LLM-727
INVESTIGATIONS
LLM-728 E-COMMERCE LAWS
LLM-729 MEDIA LAWS
LLM-731 INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW
LLM-732 INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
LLM-733 COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
LLM-734 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
LLM-735 IMMIGRATION LAW
LLM-736 LAW OF TREATISE
LLM-737 ISLAMIC LAW OF WAR AND PEACE
LLM-738 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
LLM-739 ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE LAW
LLM 740 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
LLM 741 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAWS
LLM 742 CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA
LLM 743 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION
LLM 744 COMMERCIAL CONFLICT OF LAWS
LLM 745 SHIPPING CONTRACTS
LLM 746 MARINE INSURANCE
LLM 747 LAW OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT
LLM 748 CRIMES AT SEA

17
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Course Descriptions
ALTERNATIVE DISPUT E RESOLUTION

1. Introduction to the course, Perspective on ADR and Informal Justice. 3. BANKING LAWS
2. Taxonomy: Conflict, Dispute and Decision Making: The Nature of Topics of Study:
Disputes and 1. The State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956
dispute processes. The characteristics of different forms of dispute process. 2. The Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962
Modes 3. The Modarba Companies and Modarba (Floation and Control) Ordinance,
of third party intervention, litigation and Settlement. 1980
3. Negotiation: the nature or negotiations. Power in dispute processes. 4. The Financial Institutions (Recovery of Finances) Ordinance, 2001
Bilateral and 5. The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (All Provisions Sections 1-60,
multi-party processes. Representative negotiations. The Processaral shape 82-85A and
of 122-131 of the Act)
negotiations. 6. Islamic Banking
4. Mediation: The nature or mediation and the role or the Mediator. The 3. COMMERCIAL / BUSINESS LAW
Context and Topics of Study:
form of mediated negotiations. The different forms of Mediation. Mediation 1. Law of Contract
distinguished from other forms of third party Intervention. Problems of 2. Partnership
confidentiality. The protection of weaker Parties and safeguarding of third 3. Sale of Goods
part 4. Transportation of Goods
interest. 5. Negotiable Instruments Act
17
1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 6. Uniform Commercial Code of USA
Topics of Study: 7. Commercial Law in United Kingdom
1. General Principles of Administrative Law 8. Stock Exchanges and their Regulation
2. Administrative Act and Function 9. Offences Relating to Stock Exchanges
3. Delegated and Subordinate Legislation 10. Commercial Arbitration
4. Administrative Discretion and its Judicial Review 5. Company / Corporate Law
5. Principles of Natural Justice Topics of Study:
6. Judicial Review of Administrative Actions 1. Historical development and the practical advantages of incorporation.
7. Administrative Courts and Tribunals 2. Formation of companies and categories. Conversion from one category
8. Ombudsman to another.
16 3. Corporate Law
5. The Process Aral Shapes of Mediation. 4. Constitution and Incorporation
6. The Regulation of Mediation: The Development of a Regulatory 5. Capital issues and Control
Framework (UK, 6. Share Capital and its Structure
Europe, Australia and the North American Approach). Overarching 7. Prospectus
Regulation. 8. Promoters, fiduciary capacity
Central Issues. 9. Corporate Control and Inspection
7. Umpiring: Arbitration Curls and Mixed Processes: Government and 10. Equity Holders, their rights and Liability
Dispute 11. Control of majority share holders
Settlement. Arbitration and Civil Justice. The heterogeneity of Courts. The 12. Directors, their responsibility and control activities of the company
Roles of 13. Borrowing powers of the Directors
the Courts. Developments in Adjudication Settlement and Civil Justice. 14. Members' relationship with the company
ARD and 15. Minority shareholders and their rights
Civil Procedure. 16. Reconstruction and amalgamation/mergers
8. ADR and Civil Justice in England, USA and other States. 17. Winding up and Liquidation
9. The Scope of ADR in Pakistan. 18. Foreign and Private Investment, its control and protection, capital issue
and control.

18
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

19. Debentures contaminated land & clean up)

20. Mortgages 6. Town and Country Planning
21. Muzarabat 7. Environmental impact Assessment (EIA)
18 8. (NSA) Nitrate Sensitive Areas (designation) order 1990.
22. Prospects of development-comparative study based in the context of 9. Water-II: Deals with Marine Protection.
Indian and the 10. Access to Environmental Information and rights
British Companies Act. 11. Sustainable development with environmental protection
23. Security Regulations. Monopoly Control and other external checks in 8. COMPARATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
the Corporate Topics of Study:
practice including appointment on inspect 1. History
6. Comparative Constitutional Law 2. Individual as-subject of International Law.
Comparative study of Constitutional laws of: 3. Minority / Refugee Protection.
Topics of Study: 4. Covenant / Charter Provisions on Human Rights
1. Parlimentary form of Government 5. Universal Declaration of Human Right.
2. Presidential form of Government 6. International covenants on human rights
3. Federalism 7. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
4. Constitutional Conventions 20
5. Rule of law 9. Optional Protocol
6. Due Process of Law 10. Other International Convention / I.L.O. Conventions.
7. Independence of Judiciary 11 . Regional conventions in human rights
8. Judicial Review 12. European Convention on Human Rights.
9. Theories of Constitutional Interpretation 13. Helsinki Accord, 1975.
10. Validation of Laws 14. The Role of National / Regional / International Organization in the
11. Doctrine of Necessity Protection of
12. Separation of Powers Human Rights
13. Right to Life and Liberty 9. Comparative Study of Islamic & Western Jurisprudence
14. Right to Property Topics of Study:
15. Freedom of Speech 1. The science of Jurisprudence
16. Freedom of Religion 2. Nature and Sources of Law
17. Equality before Law 3. Theories of Law and Administration of Justice.
19 4. Punishments, their kinds and objects
18. Political Freedoms including freedom of association, freedom of 5. Crimes and Torts
Assembly and 6. Theories of Origin and Functions of State
freedom of movement. 7. Legal and Equitable Rights
7. COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 8. Ownership and Possession and Persons
. 9. Law of Personal Status
Topics of Study: 10. The Law of Property
1. International Environmental Law and International Conventions. Case 11. The Law of Obligations
study of 12. The Theory of Sovereignty
cities Conventions on International Trade in Endangered species of wild 13. The Law regulating relations between Muslims and Non-Muslims.
fauna and 10. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF PAKISTAN
flora. Topics of Study:
2. The role of law in Environmental Protection, Enforcement and its 1. Objectives Resolution
agencies like 2. Fundamental Rights
HMIP, DOE, NRA, along with EC laws. 21
3. Models of Environmental control 3. Principles of Policy
4. Environmental Protection Act 1990-Part I (Integrated and Air Pollution 4. Presidency
Control) 5. Prime Minister and Cabinet
5. Environmental Protection Act 1990 –Part II (Waste and related issues 6. Parliament
Including the 7. Governor

19
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

8. Chief Minister and Provincial Cabinet 13. Law of economic warfare

9. Provincial Assemblies 23
10. Relations between the Federation and Provinces 14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW:
11. Provincial Autonomy and its Institutions Topics of Study:
12. Judiciary including Federal Shariat Court 1. Contracts of International Trade Transactions
13. Judicial Review and Writ Jurisdiction 2. Harmonization of International Trade Law, the relevant formulating
14. Armed Forces and their relations with the State Agencies and
15. Civil Services and Public Service Commission the instruments of harmonization.
16. Comptroller and Auditor General 3. Contracts for the International Sale of goods with an emphasis on the
17. Islamic Provisions formation and
9. CRIMINOLOGY performance of standardized sale contracts (CIF And FOB Contracts).
Topics of Study: Under both
1. Origin and nature of the crime. English Law and the UN Vienna Convention on the International Sale of
2. Crime as defined in Muslim Law. goods
3. Types of criminals including issues of Passing of possession, property and risk in the goods
4. Definition and principles of criminal liability concerned
5. Explanations of criminal behavior And if remedies available to the parties. Private International Law Affecting
6. Statutory penal offences against the State, Property and Person in International sale of goods.
Pakistan 4. Transportation of goods from the exporting Country to the place of
7. Offences recognized in Muslim Law Destinations and the risk allocation between the various parties (Seller,
8. Difference between HADD and TAZEER buyer,
9. Defenses to the crime: (a) in statutory Laws of Pakistan and (b) in the carrier, successive carriers) specially in the context of Carriage of goods by
Muslim Law sea. Bill
10. Objects of punishments in Muslim Law of lading, nature and types.
11. Kinds of punishments in Panel Laws of Pakistan 5. The role of insurance in International Trade. Financing of International
22 Trade,
12. Kinds punishments in Panel Laws of Islam Letters of Credit and the role' of ICC Uniform Customs and practice for
13. Reformatory and Preventive Measures: Documentary Credits (UCP 500) bills of Exchange, factoring and forfeiting
a) adopted in Pakistan; and Counter
b) recognized by Muslim Law - trade and export Finance. Dispute Resolution (i) Litigation (ii) Arbitration
12. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS (iii)
Topics of Study: Conciliation (Mediation
Introduction to Intellectual Property Laws: 15. ISLAMIC LAWS
A brief overview of the term "intellectual property", a comparison between Topics of Study:
its four branches A. Sources
and definitions thereof. 1. Original sources
13. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW i) Qur'an
Topics of Study: ii) Sunnah
1. Principles and standards of International Economic Law. 2. Secondary Sources
2. Double Taxation i) Ijma
3. Legal problems of foreign investment ii) Qiyas
4. International law of money 3. Subsidiary Sources
5. Law of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) i) Istihsan
6. International commodity agreements 24
7. Customs unions, free trade areas and common markets. iv) Istilah
8. State trading v) Urf, Aadah, Ta'amul and Ummum-ul-Balwa
9. Developing countries and international economic order vi) Zarurah
10. International commercial transactions vii) Heela-l-Sharei
11. International trade arbitration viii) Nazair etc.
12. Multinational corporations B. Doctrinal Development of Islamic law

20
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

1. Legal Theory & Practice in the First period of Islam. 1984), the Islamic Law of Evidence and English Law of Evidance
2. Development in the Second and Third periods of Islam. Books Recommended:
3. Doctrine of Taqlid in mediaeval and later era. 1. M. Munir, Principles and Digest of Law of Evidence
C. Ijtihad in Modern Islamic Law 2. Amir Ali and J.G. Woodrof, Law of Evidence.
1. Necessity, scope, mode, forms, functions and conditions of validity. 3. S.L. Phipson and Elliot, Manual of Law of Evidence
2. Modern Legislative Problems and Ijtihad, with special reference to: 4. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri
i. Constitutional Law 5. Hidaya
ii. Criminal Law 6. Basu, Law of Evidence
iii. Commercial Law 26
17. LAW AND POLITICS 7. Dr. Hamidullah, Qanoon-e-Shahadat
Topics of Study: 8. Lord Denning, Road to Justice
This course will examine how far considerations outside the so called 9. Qanoon-e-Shahadat by Justice ® Khalil-ur-Rehman Khan
Autonomous and selfcontained 10. Law of Evidence (Qanoon-e-Shahadat) by Shaukat Mahmood
discipline of law affect judicial decisions Especially in hard cases whether 11. Field's Commentary on Law of Evidence, 12th Edition (5 Vol) Revised by
decisions in such cases can be explained And justified by strictly adhering Gopal S.
to legal Chaturvedi, Delhi Law House.
reasoning? Whether politics, Institutional, ideological or in any other form LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
should be Topics of Study:
allowed to interfere With the judicial process? The course is divided in two A. Historical Introduction:
parts. In the first Evolution and development – the private international union-the public
part of the course conceptual framework will be constructed by drawing international
upon the unions.
Secondary material (legal-theory) from Anglo-American sources. In the B. Organization of General Competence.
Second part of the 1. League of Nations, its history and composition
course primary material (case law) will be critically Analyzed from the point 2. United Nations – suspension, termination and withdrawal of
of view Membership.
established in the first part of the course. i) Security Council, its composition, voting procedure,
25 functions and powers.
18. LAW AND SOCIETY IN SOUTH ASIA ii) General Assembly, its composition, voting procedure
Topics of Study: functions and powers.
1. Family Law iii) Trusteeship and Mandate Systems.
a. Child marriage iv) Economic and Social Council
b. Dowry. v) Secretariat and Amendment Procedure.
c . Polygamy and uniformity of laws. C. Organizations of Limited Competence
d. The concept of marriage and conjugal rights in South Asian legal systems. 1. Specialized agencies (ILO, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, IFO, IMF, FAO, UNESCO,
e. Divorce and related matters. WHO, UPU, WMO, IMCO and GATT) comparative study of the provisions
f. Maintenance of divorced wives. regarding
g. Succession. membership, organization, scope of jurisdiction, procedure, powers etc.
2. Socio-Political Issues 2. International Commodity Agencies.
a. State and Religion 27
b. Role of Women D. Regional Institutions:
c. Armed Forces 1. European Organizations:
d. Civilian Authority and Role of Bureaucracy The council of Europe, North Atlantic Treaty organizations, western
e. Role of Judiciary European Union, European Coal and Steel Community, European
f. Civil Liberties and Role of NGOs Economic Community, European Free Trade Area, OECD and Euratom.
g. Conduct of Elections 2. American Organizations:
19. LAW OF EVIDENCE Organization of American States: The organization of Central American
Topics of Study: States, Central American Common Market, Latin American Free Trade
The syllabus shall include the existing Law of Evidence in Pakistan Area, Caribbean Free Trade Area.
(Qanoone- Shahadat 3. African Organizations:

21
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Organizations of African Unity: Central African economic and Custom 29

Union, Central African Union, Economic Community of West African 22. LEGAL HISTORY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA
States (ECOWAS) Economic Community of East Africa. Topics of Study:
4. Asian Organizations: Indo-Pakistan Legal History generally with special reference to the
Arab League: Central Treaty Organization, Southeast Asia Treaty following topics:
Organization, ANZUS Council, Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference, - Property, Ownership and Possession
Colombo Plan for co-operative Economic Development in South and - Mercantile Law
Southeast Asia, ASEAN. - Derelict and Crime
E. Judicial Institutions - Taxation
1. Permanent Court of Arbitration. - Constitutional Structure
2. Permanent Court of International Justice. - Judicial System
3. International Court of Justice: Establishment and Constitution of the - Civil Liberties
court, organization, jurisdiction, practice and procedure in Contentious - Family Laws
cases, advisory practice, procedure and jurisdiction. The above topics are be a studied in the light of the following outline:
4. Regional Courts: European Court of Human Rights: Court of i. A survey of Hindu and Customary Law 711 A.C. to 1192 A.C.
Justice of the European Communities. ii. Muslim Rule in India and its effect on the Legal system. 1193 A.C. to
5. International Administrative Tribunals. 1707 A.C.
21. LAW OF TAXATION iii. Impact of the British Rule (1600 AC to 1947 AC)
Topics of Study: iv. Eminent Muslim Jurist and their legal works
A: Introductory v. Recent developments (from 1947 upto date in Pakistan)
General Philosophy, theory and justification of taxation 23. SHIPPING LAW
28 Topics of Study:
Statutory obligation 1. Introduction and important terms
nterpretation of fiscal laws 2. Carriage of Goods by Sea
Direct and indirect taxation 3. Historical development of liability of carrier by sea
B: Income Tax Law 4. Commercial practice
Philosophy of Taxation, Administration of tax system 5. Types of Charter Parties
Charge of Tax 6. Voyage- Charter Parties
Computation of total income 7. Time of Charter Parties
Allowance and Relief 8. Charter Parties by Demise
Payment of tax before assessment 9. Express and implied undertakings of the parties
Assessment 30
Tax liability in special cases 10. Representations, conditions and warranties
Recovery of tax 11. Frustration of Shipping Contract
Refund and tax credit 12. Functions of bill of lading
Penalties 13. Carriage of goods by Sea Act 1925
Offences and prosecutions 14. Bills of Lading Act 1856
Appeals reference and revision 15. Usual Clauses and implied undertaking in bills of Lading, Transfer of
Miscellaneous Rights and
C: Law of Sales Tax liabilities under bills of Lading
Charge of Taxation 16. Preliminary Voyage
Assessment of Taxation 17. Loading, discharge, delivery and lay days
Recovery Draw back 18. Exclusion and Limitation of Ship owner's Liability
Practical Problems 19. The Master of Ship
Sales Tax Act, 1990 20. General Average including York Antwerp Rules 1950
D: Zakat and Ushar 21. Demurrage
Philosophy and legal justification 22. Freight
Whether Zakat a tax or charity 23. Liens
Enforceability 24. Construction of charter parties and bills of Lading
Concept of Nisab 25. Marine insurance, general principles and commercial practical practice.

22
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

26. Insurable interest and from the perspective of private international law/conflicts of law
27. Insurable value (jurisdiction and applicable law in civil and commercial disputes such as
28. Disclosure and representation contract, torts generally, defamation and privacy infringements, IP
29. The Policy infringements). It therefore takes a novel approach by looking both at
30. Double Insurance private law and public law - but this approach is necessary as internet
31. Warranties communications are not restricted to private law and private international
32. The Voyage law.
33. Assignment of the Policy b. Topics of Study
34. The premium a. Jurisdictional Challenge, State Sovereignty and International Law
35. Loss and abandonment b. Jurisdiction of the Criminal Courts
36. Partial losses (including salvage and general average and particular c. Jurisdiction and Criminal Investigation and Prosecution
Charges) d. Private International Law: Jurisdiction and Enforcement,
37. Measure of Indemnity Applicable Law: UK and EU US Conflicts of Law
38. Rights of Insurer on Payment e. Alternate Dispute Resolution including Online Dispute Resolu-
39. Return of premiums tion
31 f. Jurisdiction & Free Trade: TFEU Freedom to Provide Services,
40. Lloyd's form of policy Country of Origin Regulation and WTO
41. Institute clauses g. Online Gambling and Audio-visual Content as an Example of
42. Reinsurance Cross-border Conflicts
43. Maritime Law and Mortgage of ships h. Trans-border data flows and jurisdiction.
44. Procedure of action in rem c. Recommended Books:
45. Ownership, Registration, Construction, Sale and Mortgage of ships i. Government in Cyberspace – What Jurisdiction?, Michael Cronin
46. Flags of convenience & Bernadetter Jew
47. Limitation of Ship owner's liability ii. Law and Borders - Rise of Law in Cyberspace, David R.Johnson
48. Safety Regulations for merchant and passenger ships and David G.Post
49. Authority of Master's Rights and duties of Crew iii. Governing Cyberspace, David G.Post
50. Pilotage iv. Online Dispute Resolution: Resolving Conflicts in Cyberspace,
51. Stevedoring contracts Ethan Katsh, Janet Rifkin, 2001
52. Use of harbors and docks v. Public International Law of Cyberspace, Kittichaisaree, Kriangsak,
53. Collision, Towage 2017, Springer International Publishing.
54. Salvage vi. Transborder Data Flows and Data Privacy Law, Christopher
24. WESTERN JURISPRUDENCE / LEGAL THEORY Kuner, 2013
Topics of Study: vii. Privacy and Legal Issues in Cloud Computing, Anne S. Y Cheung,
1. Pre-Aristotle developments Rolf H Weber, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015
2. Aristotle-His Social & Legal philosophy viii. Agreements on Jurisdiction and Choice of Law, Adrian Briggs,
3. Law, Justice, Equity Oxford University Press, 2008
4. Post Aristotle and legal Philosophy Course Title: Cybercrime: International Cooperation And Digital
5. Different Schools of Thought Investigations
6. Modern Trends in Legal Philosophy a. Course Description:
7. International Law in Jurisprudence Internet technologies have enabled new ways of committing crimes and
8. Law of Nature-as Propomaded by Different Schools of Legal Phlisophy have moved "old" crimes such as fraud online- this has created interesting
The challenges to the investigation, prosecution and enforcement of the
Course Title : Cyber Space Law: Internet Jurisdiction And Dispute criminal law. Internet technologies are borderless and have enabled an
Resolution increase in transnational crime. This Course will examine the legal
a. Course Description: procedural issues arising from trans-border online crime: international
The Course analyses the concept and theories of jurisdiction under co-operation, mutual assistance, extradition; the role played by private
International Law (Public International Law), from the perspective of actors/industry in the enforcement of cybercrime (payment intermediaries;
international criminal law, especially in the context of transnational crimes hosting providers (e.g. cloud computing); internet access providers; domain
such as cybercrime, from the perspective of regulation (e.g. data protection name registries and registrars etc); the relationship between public and
and trans-border data flows; online gambling; online content regulation) private enforcement; the national and international powers of collecting

23
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

intelligence and evidence (including surveillance); the law of evidence and vii. Formation of contracts incorporation (clickwrapetc)
admissibility; computer, device and network forensics. viii. Signatures
b. Course Contents: ix. E-money, e-payments, m-payment
1. European Convention on Cybercrime, 2001 x. Taxation
2. Understanding of cybercrime xi. Online gambling
3. Legal issue related to cybercrime xii. Prominent legal issues in e-commerce
4. Procedural issues regarding Cybercrime
5. Investigation advancement c. Recommended Books:
6. International cooperation mechanism-traditional crimes i. Murray: Information Technology Law: The Law and Society 3ed
7. Cybercrime and digital investigations-challenges (OUP, 2016)
c. Recommended Books: ii. Edwards & Waelde (eds): Law and the Internet 3rd ed (Hart,
1. Ernesto U. Savona, Crime and Technology: New Frontiers for 2009)
Regulation, Law Enforcement and Research, Springer Science & Business iii. Hörnle: Cross-Border Internet Dispute Resolution (CUP, 2009)
Media, 2013 iv. Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary
2. Thomas J Holt, Adam M Bossler, Kathryn C Seigfried-Spellar, Issues in the EU, US and China (Routledge 2014)
Cybercrime and Digital Forensics: An Introduction, Routledge, 11-Feb-2015 v. Wang: Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary
3. Ian Walden, Computer Crimes and Digital Investigations, Oxford Issues in the EU, US and China (Routledge, 2010)
University Press, 2016 vi. E-Commerce Law Around The World: A Concise Handbook: A
4. Mohamed Chawki, Ashraf Darwish, Mohammad Ayoub Khan, Concise Handbook, Volume 1 Of E-Commerce Law Trilogy, Stephen Errol
Sapna Tyagi, Cybercrime, Digital Forensics and Jurisdiction, Springer, 2015 Blythe, Xlibris Corporation, 2011
5. Anthony Reyes, Richard Brittson, Kevin O'Shea, James Steele,
Cyber Crime Investigations: Bridging the Gaps Between Security Profes- Course Title: Media Law
sionals, Law Enforcement, and Prosecutors, Syngress, 2011
6. Joshua B. Hill, Nancy E. Marion, Introduction to Cybercrime: a. Course description
Computer Crimes, Laws, and Policing in the 21st Century: Computer The focus of this course is to develop an understanding within the students
Crimes, Laws, and Policing in the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO,2016 regarding the laws related to Mass Media, and latest technological and
communication laws. There are three regulators to govern media, primarily,
Course Title: E-Commerce Laws PEMRA with having limited jurisdiction over the content; secondly, PTA
controlling the access to the content, the then least active the Press
a. Course Description: Council of Pakistan. The students will be able to understand the role of
The course will examine the legal implications of forming and performing regulators the complaint and litigation procedures in the field of Mass
international sale contracts using electronic records and communications in Media through this course.
place of paper. While the formation of such contracts using electronic b. Course Contents
means is supported by a maturing legal framework, the law relating to the i. Freedom of expressions, Speech and Information
use of documents used regularly in the performance of such contracts, ii. Restrictions of Freedom of Expressions
including transport document such as bills of lading and sea waybills, as iii. Right to Information
well as insurance policies and certificates, is still firmly anchored to the iv. Pakistan Council of Press
paper world. Thus, eliminating paper is not as simple or straightforward as it v. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority – I
might at first seem and this course will address attendant legal issues and vi. Trial of Offences
implications in depth. The course will also examine in detail common vii. Complaint Procedures
financial arrangements entered into by international traders for the purpose viii. Powers of Authority
of the buying and selling of goods across borders. ix. Modern Communications and Legal Implications
b. Course Contents x. Media Ethics and Code of Conduct & Censorship
i. An introduction to ecommerce: law, technology, and business xi. Implication of Contempt of Court
ii. The scope of ecommerce: jurisdiction via the internet xii. Broadcast Regulation
iii. Minimum contacts and the networked economy: personal xiii. Advertisement Regulations
jurisdiction in cyberspace xiv. Competition enforcement issues in Media
iv. Future concerns: a brief look at choice of law on the 'net xv. Protection of Journalists
v. Contracts and signatures xvi. Intellectual Property Issues in Media
vi. UNCITRAL and eu perspectives on electronic contracts

24
 Legum Magister LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

c. Recommended Readings:
Primary Sources
1 The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
2 Article 19, International Covenant on Human Rights.
3 Article 10, European Convention on Human Rights
4 Defamation Ordinance, 2002
5 The Prevention of Anti-National Activities Act 1974
6 The Cigarettes (Printing of Warning) Ordinance, 1979
7 Punjab Transparency and Right to Information Act, 2013
8 Right to Information Act, 2013
9 The Official Secret Act, 1923
10 Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance, 2002
11 The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (Councils of
Complaints) Rule, 2010
12 The Censorship of Films Rules, 1980
13 The Indecent Advertisements Prohibition Act, 1963
14 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
15 Copyright Ordinance, 1962
16 Copyright Rules, 1967
17 The International Copyright Oder, 1968

Secondary Sources

18 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Competition DG Information,

communication and multimedia Media and music publishing “Market
Definition in the Media Sector - Economic Issues - Report by Europe
Economics for the European Commission, DG Competition”

19 DIRECTORATE FOR FINANCIAL, FISCAL AND ENTERPRISE

AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ON COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY, Regulation
and Competition Issues in Broadcasting in the light of Convergence 1998
20 Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the
promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expres-
sion, Frank la Rue, 4 June 2012, A/HRC/20/17.
21 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 11: Prohibition of
propaganda for war and inciting national, racial or religious hatred (Art. 20),
29 July 1983.
22 Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the
promotion and protection of the rights to freedom of opinion and expres-
sion, Addendum, Tenth anniversary joint declaration: Ten key challenges to
freedom of expression in the next decade, 25 March 2010,
A/HRC/14/23/Add.
23 Yasmeen Aftab Ali, “A Comparative Analysis of Media and Media
Laws in Pakistan”, (Sang-e-Meel, Publications; 2012)
24 M. Abdul Basit, “Media Laws of Pakistan”, (Federal Book House,
2011)

25
 International & Maritime Law LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

Available Campuses Entry Requirements Objectives of the Degree

Islamabad LL.B from any recognized • To assist public and private sectors in the areas of Maritime affairs
university/institute with through training of law graduates who will subsequently
Regular Program Duration minimum 3.00 CGPA in constitute specialized cadre of lawyers competent in handling
2 Years semester system and in case of issues of Admiralty and drafting of Maritime legislation.
4 Semesters annual system 55% marks are • To ensure safe operation and expansion of Shipping and Port
required. industries of Pakistan through our dedicated team of Maritime law
Available Specialization graduates.
Additionally, applicants must • To promote better understanding of problems arising over
General
provide HEC verification of all navigable waters, and to look for their pragmatic solutions.
academic certificates / degrees. • To provide advanced knowledge of Maritime law in combination
Program Timing with International trade law.
Morning • To benefit from the interests and expertise of our parent
institution, i.e. the Pakistan Navy.
• To inculcate advanced knowledge and practical skills required to
advice, litigate and negotiate based on relevant rules of Admiralty.
• To give our graduates specialist expertize in International &
Maritime law that will help them stand out from the competition.
• To see through successful completion and operation of landmark
infrastructure projects of CPEC.
• To learn techniques of drafting documents, negotiating
agreements, handling complaints and arguing cases relating to
Maritime affairs.
• To foster an enlightened devotion to law of the sea.
• To read, comprehend and use cases, statutes and rules to solve
legal problems and construct legal arguments pertaining to
International and Maritime law.
• To nurture a culture of genuine research in International and
Maritime law.
• To adopt innovative teaching methods to increase critical and
analytical ability of our students.
Learning outcome of the Degree Program
The sea constitutes two third of the entire planet and is of fundamental
importance to human activity, sustaining life and providing commerce,
navigational routes and a substantial proportion of our natural
resources.
As a Maritime lawyer, the kinds of cases that you will encounter are
truly varied. They can range from injuries and working conditions at sea,
fisheries, complaints about a company dumping toxic waste into waters,
to disputes relating to cargo, shipping and commerce. You can find
yourself one day arguing cases in the court, another day drafting
documents and the next week you are negotiating agreements and
handling complaints. In Pakistan, the High Court of Sindh and
Baluchistan have been empowered to adjudicate upon the disputes
over the navigable waters through the Admiralty Jurisdiction of the
High Courts of Sindh and Baluchistan Act, 1981. On the other hand,
shipping industry of Pakistan is regulated by Ministry of Ports and
Shipping (now Ministry of Maritime Affairs) and its attached
departments.
This course is of great relevance to those who wish to acquire expertize

26
 International & Maritime Law LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

in International Trade and Maritime/ Shipping law. The specialized

program has been developed to provide students with an in-depth
understanding of the need to regulate Maritime affairs. By doing this
course you will gain a detailed and relevant knowledge of various
aspects of Maritime law, covering contracts for the carriage of goods,
marine insurance, international trade and law of the sea, enabling you to
practice law in these less explored areas, and to do further research for
the benefit of future generations.

Why choose BU for the Stated Degree Program?

With a national reputation for Maritime scholarship and a dedicated

team of specialist academics, Bahria is one of the best places in
Pakistan to study a Masters in International & Maritime law. The
university is world-class hub of Maritime research and expertise. Our
academics are actively involved in cutting edge studies and can,
therefore, bring the latest research developments to your learning. In
addition, standing of our experts in Pakistan Navy means they are fully
competent to give advice to public and private sectors alike on
different aspects of Maritime law, including drafting of laws. This
means you will have an outstanding opportunity to learn from experts
and academics who are not only skilled in the application of law as it is
applied today, but are equally capable of drafting laws of future, giving
you a career advantage when you graduate.
Study your LL.M in International & Maritime law at Bahria and you will
benefit from:
1- A thriving academic environment committed to excellence in
teaching and research.
2- A professional but friendly environment with excellent support
system.
3- Innovative lectures delivered by experts trained by Pakistan Navy,
and academics at the forefront of scholarship in the field of
International & Maritime law.

Future Career Prospects

BU LL.M in International & Maritime laws delve into the many facets of
Admiralty law including marine commerce, shipping, transportation by
sea, marine insurance, security and environment. Upon graduation from
BU in International & Maritime Laws Masters programme, graduates
will be highly qualified to advice, litigate and negotiate based on the
rules and guidelines of Maritime law.
Career possibilities for BU graduates of LL.M in International and
Maritime Law are diverse and rewarding. BU graduates may go on to
work in national and international practice for law firms, government
bodies, NGOs etc. They may also contribute substantially through
further research, and joining academia.

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 International & Maritime Law LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF LAW

SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR LLM INTERNATIONAL AND MARITIME LAWS- 2 YEAR PROGRAM

SUBJECTS CREDITS
Compulsory Course 4 12
Elective/Compulsory 4 12

Thesis-I/Thesis-ll 1 6

TOTAL 9 30

SEMESTER-1

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS

1 LLM-XXX Compulsory-I 3

2 LLM-XXX Compulsory-II 3

3 LLM-XXX Compulsory-III 3

4 LLM-XXX Compulsory-IV 3

SEMESTER-2

5 LLM-XXX Elective-I 3

6 LLM-XXX Elective-II 3

7 LLM-XXX Elective-III 3

8 LLM-XXX Elective-IV 3
SEMESTER-3
9 LLM-725 THESIS-I 3
SEMESTER-4
10 LLM-725 THESIS-II 3

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 International & Maritime Law LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

LIST OF APPROVED COMPULSORYCOURSES

Sr.No Course Code Subject Title Credir Hour
1 LLM-700 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3
2 LLM-714 INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW 3
3 LLM-741 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW 3
4 LLM-742 CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA 3
LIST OF APPROVED ELECTIVE COURSES
Sr.No Course Code Subject Title Credir Hour
1 LLM-701 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 3
2 LLM-702 ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 3
3 LLM-703 BANKING BLAW 3
4 LLM-704 COMMERCIAL/ BUSINESS LAW 3
5 LLM-705 COMPANY/ CORPORATE LAW 3
6 LLM-706 COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 3
7 LLM-707 COMPARATIVE ENVRONMENTAL LAW 3
8 LLM-708 COMPARATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 3
9 LLM-709 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC AND WETERN JURISPRUDENCE 3
10 LLM-710 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF PAKISTAN 3
11 LLM-711 CRIMINOLOGY 3
12 LLM-712 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS 3
13 LLM-713 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW 3
14 LLM-715 ISLAMIC LAW 3
15 LLM-716 LABOUR LAW 3
16 LLM-717 LAW AND POLITICS 3
17 LLM-718 LAW AND SOCIETY IN SOUTH ASIA 3
18 LLM-719 LAW OF EVIDENCE 3

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 International & Maritime Law LL.M
Department of Legal Studies

19 LLM-720 LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 3

20 LLM-721 LAW OF TAXATION 3
21 LLM-722 LEGAL HISTORY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA 3
22 LLM-723 SHIPPING LAW 3
23 LLM-724 WESTERN JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL THEORY 3
24 LLM-726 CYBER SPACE LAW: INTERNET JURISDICTION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION 3
25 LLM-727 CYBERCRIME: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DIGITAL INVESTIGATIONS 3
26 LLM-728 E-COMMERCE LAWS 3
27 LLM-729 MEDIA LAWS 3
28 LLM-730 GLOBAL SECURITY & HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 3
29 LLM-731 INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW 3
30 LLM-732 INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW 3
31 LLM-733 COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3
32 LLM-734 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW 3
33 LLM-735 IMMIGRATION LAW 3
34 LLM-736 LAW OF TREATISE 3
35 LLM-737 ISLAMIC LAW OF WAR AND PEACE 3
36 LLM-738 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 3
37 LLM-739 ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE LAW 3
38 LLM 743 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 3
39 LLM 744 COMMERCIAL CONFLICT OF LAWS 3
40 LLM 745 SHIPPING CONTRACTS 3
41 LLM 746 MARINE INSURANCE 3
42 LLM 747 LAW OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT 3
43 LLM 748 CRIMES AT SEA 3
44 LLM 749 ADMIRALTY AND JURISDICTION 3

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