Specification For Steel Castings, General Requirements, For Pressure-Containing Parts

SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL CASTINGS, GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING

PARTS
SA-703/SA-703M
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 703/A 703M-94.)
1. Scope values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;

therefore, each system must be used independently of
1.1 This specification covers a group of common
the other. Combining values from the two systems may
requirements which, unless otherwise specified in an
result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-
individual specification, shall apply to steel castings
pound units are applicable for material ordered to
for pressure-containing parts under each of the following
Specification A 703 and SI units for material ordered
ASTM specifications:
to Specification A 703M.
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion A 216/A 216M 2. Referenced Documents
Welding for High-Temperature Service
Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and A 217/A 217M 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts Suit- A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
able for High-Temperature Service Suitable for Fusion Welding for High-Temperature
Steel Castings, Austenitic, for High-Temper- A 351/A 351M Service
ature Service
A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, Marten-
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for A 352/A 352M
Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for sitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Low-Temperature Service Suitable for High-Temperature Service
Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat- A 389/A 389M A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic,
Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure Containing
Suitable for High-Temperature Service
Parts
Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A 487/A 487M
A 352/A 352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic
and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supple- for Low-Temperature Service
mentary requirements which may be applied to the A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
above specifications as indicated therein. These are ing of Steel Products
provided for use when additional testing or inspection A 389/A 389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy,
is desired and apply only when specified individually Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts,
by the purchaser in the order. Suitable for High-Temperature Service
1.3 In case of conflict between the requirements of A 487/A 487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable
the individual specification and this general specifica- for Pressure Service
tion, the former shall prevail. A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding,
Qualification of Procedures and Personnel
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or A 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examina-
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The tion Thereof
1202
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Licensed by Information Handling Services
PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-703/SA-703M
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for 3.1.3 heat, n—all the molten metal poured from
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products a single furnace or all the molten metal from two or
A 800/A 800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic more furnaces poured into single ladle or casting prior
Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content Thereof to the replenishing of the furnace(s).
A 802/A 802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Ac-
3.1.4 internal chill, n—an internal chill is a metallic
ceptance Standards, Visual Examination
device placed in a mold cavity to increase the rate of
A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
heat removal at that location.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
4. Materials and Manufacture
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indi-
cations on Ferrous Castings 4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method open-hearth or electric-furnace process, with or without
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 separate refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization
1
⁄2 in. [51 to 114-mm] Steel Castings (AOD), unless otherwise designated by the individual
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test specification.
to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of
4.2 Heat Treatment—Ferritic and martensitic steel
Ferritic Steels
shall be cooled after pouring to provide substantially
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4-1⁄2 to
complete transformation of austenite prior to heat treat-
12 in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
ment to enhance mechanical properties.
E 340 Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2
in. (51 mm) in Thickness
5. Chemical Composition
E 709 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
5.1 Chemical Analysis—Chemical analysis of materi-
2.2 ANSI Standard: als covered by this specification shall be in accordance
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings with Test Methods A 751.
2.3 ASME: 5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, be made by the manufacturer to determine the percent-
NB-2546 ages of the elements specified. The analysis shall be
made from a test sample preferably taken during the
2.4 Standards of the Manufacturer’s Standardization pouring of the heat. When drillings are used, they shall
Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry: be taken not less than 1⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] beneath the
MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for surface. The chemical composition thus determined
Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Compo- shall be reported to the purchaser, or his representative,
nents (Dry Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection and shall conform to the requirements in the individual
Method) specification for the grade being poured.
MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for
Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Compo- 5.3 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be
nents (Radiographic Inspection Method) made by the purchaser from material representing each
heat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall be made on
representative material. Due to the possibility of decarb-
urization, carbon and alloy steel samples for carbon
3. Terminology analysis shall be taken no closer than 1⁄4 in. [6.4 mm]
to a cast surface except that castings too thin for
3.1 Definitions:
this shall be analyzed on representative material. The
3.1.1 The definitions in Test Methods and Defini- chemical composition thus determined shall meet the
tions A 370 and Terminology A 919 are applicable to requirements specified in the appllicable specification
this specification and those listed in 1.1. for the grade involved, or shall be subject to rejection
the purchaser, except that the chemical composition
3.1.2 chaplet, n—a chaplet is a metallic support determined for carbon and low-alloy steel castings may
placed in a mold cavity to maintain the spacing between vary from the specified limits by the amounts shown
a core and the mold. in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances of Table
1203

SA-703/SA-703M 2001 SECTION II
1 are not applicable as acceptance criteria for heat to the nearest 500 psi [5 MPa] for yield and tensile
analysis by the casting manufacturer. strength and to the nearest 1% for elongation and
reduction of area.
5.4 Unspecified Elements—When chemical analysis
for elements not specified for the grade ordered is
desired, Supplementary Requirement S1 may be spec-
ified. 8. Repair by Welding
5.5 The substitution of a grade or composition differ- 8.1 Repair by welding shall be in accordance with
ent from that specified by the purchaser is prohibited. the requirements of individual specification using proce-
dures and welders qualified in accordance with Practice
A 488/A 488M.
6. Mechanical Test Methods
6.1 All mechanical tests shall be conducted in accord-
ance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. 9. Flanges
9.1 When a flange from a flanged casting is removed
to make a weld end casting, discontinuities may be
7. Tensile Requirements observed that would not have been detrimental in a
7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat, flanged casting. The disposition of the casting shall
and shall conform to the tensile requirements specified. be subject to agreement between the purchaser and
Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the manufacturer.
same heat as the castings represented, except that for
investment castings the test specimens shall be cast in
the same type of mold as the castings. 10. Quality
7.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken 10.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of
shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the same adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined
procedure as the castings it represents. by visual examination. Other surface discontinuities
7.3 Test specimens may be cut from heat treated shall meet the visual acceptance standards specified in
castings, at the producer’s option, instead of from the order. Practice A 802/A 802M or other visual
test bars. standards may be used to define acceptable surface
discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable visual surface
7.4 Investment Castings—For investment castings, discontinuities shall be removed and their removal
the specimens may be cast to shape or machined from verified by visual examination of the resultant cavities.
blocks to dimensions in accordance with Test Methods
and Definitions A 370 or the ICI bar shown in Fig. 1. 10.2 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or
impregnated to stop leaks.
7.5 Other Castings—Unless otherwise specified by
the purchaser, test coupons may be cast integrally with 10.3 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the
the castings or as separate blocks in accordance with manufacture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets,
Fig. 1 and Table 2, with Fig. 2, or with Fig. 3, except and affected cast material must be completely removed.
when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified. The
test coupon in Fig. 4 shall be employed only for
austenitic alloy castings with cross sections less than
11. Hydrostatic Tests
21⁄2 in. [63.5 mm]. Tension test coupons shall be
machined or ground to the form and dimension shown 11.1 Each casting shall be tested after machining to
in Fig. 6 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. the hydrostatic shell test pressures prescribed in ANSI
B16.5 for the applicable steel rating for which the
7.6 If any specimen shows defective machining or
casting is designed. Casting shall show no leaks. Cast-
develops flaws, it may be discarded and another substi-
ings ordered for working pressures other than those in
tuted from the same heat.
the standard ANSI ratings, or those listed for which
7.7 To determine conformance with the tension test test pressures are not specified by ANSI B16.5, shall
requirements, an observed value or calculated value be tested at a pressure agreed upon between manufac-
shall be rounded off in accordance with Practice E 29 turer and the purchaser.
1204

11.2 It is realized that the foundry may be unable 15. Rejection and Rehearing
to perform the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or
15.1 Any rejection based on test reports shall be
that the purchaser may wish to defer testing until
reported to the manufacturer within 30 days from the
additional work or machining has been performed on
receipt of the test reports by the purchaser.
the casting. Castings ordered in the rough state for
final machining by the purchaser may be tested hydro- 15.2 Material that shows unacceptable discontinuities
statically prior to shipment by the manufacturer at as determined by the acceptance standards specified in
pressures to be agreed upon with the purchaser. How- the order subsequent to its acceptance at the manufactur-
ever, the foundry is responsible for the satisfactory er’s works will be rejected, and the manufacturer shall be
performance of the castings under the final test required notified within 30 days after discovery of the rejectable
in 10.1. condition.
15.3 Samples that represent rejected material shall

be preserved for two weeks from the date of transmission
12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the
results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim
12.1 All castings shall be made in a workmanlike for a rehearing within that time.
manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings
furnished by the purchaser. When the patterns is sup-
plied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the castings
shall be as predictated by the pattern unless otherwise 16. Certification
agreed upon.
16.1 The manufacturer’s certification shall be fur-
12.2 Machined welding ends shall be suitably pro- nished to the purchaser stating that the material was
tected against damage during shipping. manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accord-
ance with the material specification (including year of
issue) and was found to meet the requirements.
16.2 As applicable, the certification shall also include:

13. Retests
13.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any 16.2.1 Material specification and grade.
heat, lot, or casting do not conform to the requirements
16.2.2 Pattern number.
specified, retests are permitted as outlined in Test
Methods and Definitions A 370. At the manufacturer’s 16.2.3 Heat number or serial number traceable to
option, castings may be reheat-treated and retested. a heat number.
When castings are reheat-treated, they may not be
reaustenitized more than three times without the ap- 16.2.4 Chemical analysis of the heat.
proval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment
shall consist of the full number of specimens taken 16.2.5 Mechanical property results required by the
from locations complying with the specification or order. specification and supplementary requirements specified
in the purchase order.
16.2.6 Statement of satisfactory inspection, visual,

and nondestructive testing specified in the purchase
14. Inspection order.
14.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s
16.2.7 Manufacturer’s name.
inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy
that the material is being produced and furnished in 16.2.8 Additional purchase order requirements.
accordance with the applicable specification. Foundry
inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces- 16.3 A signature is not required on the certification.
sarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All tests and However, the document shall clearly identify the organi-
inspections, with the exception of product analysis (5.2), zation submitting the certification. Notwithstanding the
shall be made at the place of manufacture unless absence of a signature, the organization submitting the
otherwise agreed. certification is responsible for its content.
1205

17. Product Marking poured. Marking shall be in such position as not to

injure the usefulness of the casting.
17.1 Castings shall be marked for material identifica-
tion with the grade symbols (WCB, WC9, CF8M, etc.). 17.2 On castings for which impact property require-
In addition, heat numbers, or serial numbers that are ments are specified, stamped markings using low-stress
traceable to heat numbers, shall be marked on all stamps shall be on a raised pad when such pad can
pressure-containing castings individually weighing 50 be made a part of the castings.
lb [22.7 kg] or more. Pressure-containing castings
weighing less than 50 lb [22.7 kg] shall be marked 17.3 Castings shall be marked with the manufacturer’s
with either the heat number or a lot number that will identification or symbol except when other provisions
identify the casting as to the month in which it was have made between the manufacturer and purchaser.
FIG. 1 DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS OF THE ICI TEST BAR
1206

FIG. 2 TEST COUPONS FOR CASTINGS (SEE TABLE 2 FOR DETAILS OF DESIGN)
FIG. 3 TEST BLOCK FOR TENSION TEST SPECIMEN
1207

FIG. 4 CAST-TO-SHAPE TEST COUPON FOR TENSION TEST SPECIMEN
1208

TABLE 1
PRODUCT ANALYSIS TOLERANCES FOR CARBON
AND LOW-ALLOY STEELS
Tolerances B,C over max
Element Range A or under min, Limit, %
Carbon (C) up to 0.65% 0.03 × % CL + 0.02
above 0.65% 0.04%
Manganese (Mn) up to 1% 0.08 × % MnL + 0.01
above 1% 0.09
Silicon (Si) up to 0.60% 0.22 × % SiL − 0.01
above 0.60% 0.15%
Phosphorus (P) all 0.13 × % PL + 0.005
Sulfur (S) all 0.36 × % SL + 0.001
Nickel (Ni) up to 2% 0.10 × % NiL + 0.03
above 2% 0.25%
Chromium (Cr) up to 2% 0.07 × % CrL + 0.04
above 2% 0.18%
Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6% 0.04 × % MoL + 0.03
above 0.6% 0.06%
Vanadium (V) up to 0.25% 0.23 × % VL + 0.004
above 0.25% 0.06%
Tungsten (W) up to 0.10% 0.08 × % WL + 0.02
above 0.10% 0.02%
Copper (Cu) up to 0.15% 0.18 × % CuL + 0.02
above 0.15% 0.05%
Aluminum (Al) up to 0.10% 0.08 × % AlL + 0.02
above 0.10% 0.03%
A
The range denotes the composition limits up to which the toler-
ances are computed by the equation, and above which the tolerances
are given by a constant.
B
The subscript L for the elements in each equation indicates that
the limits of the element specified by the applicable specification are
to be inserted into the equation to calculate the tolerance for the
upper limit and the lower limit, if applicable, respectively. Examples
of computing tolerances are presented in the footnote C.
C
To compute the tolerances, consider the manganese limits 0.50
− 80% of Grade WC4 of Specification A 217/A 217M. According
to Table 1, the maximum permissible deviation of a product analysis
below the lower limit 0.50 is 0.05% p (0.08 × 0.50 + 0.01).
The lowest acceptable product analysis of Grade WC4, therefore, is
0.45%. Similarly, the maximum permissible deviation above the upper
limit of 0.80% is 0.074% p (0.08 × 0.80 + 0.01). The highest
acceptable product analysis of Grade WC4, therefore, is 0.874. For
Grade WCC of Specification A 216/A 216M, the maximum manganese
content is 1.20% if the carbon content is 0.20%. In this case, the
highest acceptable product analysis is 1.29 p (1.20 + 0.09).
1209

TABLE 2
DETAILS OF TEST COUPON DESIGN FOR CASTING (SEE FIG. 2)
NOTE 1 — Test Coupons for Large and Heavy Steel Castings: The test coupons in Fig. 2 are to be used for large and heavy steel castings.
However, at the option of the foundry the cross-sectional area and length of the standard coupon may be increased as desired.
NOTE 2 — Bend Bar: If a bend bar is required, an alternate design (as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2) is indicated.
Leg Design [125 mm] Riser Design

1. L (length) A 5 in. [125 mm] minimum length will be 1. L (length) The length of the riser at the base will be
used. This length may be increased at the same as the top length of the leg.
the option of the foundry to accommo- The length of the riser at the top there-
date additional test bars (see Note 1). fore depends on the amount of taper
added to the riser.
2. End taper Use of and size of end taper is at the op- 2. Width The width of the riser at the base of a
tion of the foundry. multiple-leg coupon shall be n, 21⁄4 [57
3. Height 11⁄4 in. [32 mm] mm] — 5⁄8 [16 mm] where n equals the
4. Width (at top) 11⁄4 in. [32 mm] (see Note 1). number of legs attached to the coupon.
1
5. Radius (at bottom) ⁄2 in. [13 mm], max The width of the riser at the top is
6. Spacing between legs A 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] radius will be used be- therefore dependent on the amount of
tween the legs. taper added to the riser.
7. Location of test bars The tensile, bend, and impact bars will be 3. T (riser taper) Use of and size is at the option of the
taken from the lower portion of the leg foundry.
(see Note 2).
8. Number of legs The number of legs attached to the cou- Height The minimum height of the riser shall be
pon is at the option of the foundry pro- 2 in. [51 mm]. The maximum height is
viding they are equispaced according to at the option of the foundry for the fol-
item 6. lowing reasons: (a) Many risers are
9. Rs Radius from 0 to approximately 1⁄16 in. [2 cast open, (b) different compositions
mm]. may require variation in risering for
soundness, (c) different pouring temper-
atures may require variation in risering
for soundness.
1210

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use when desired
by the purchaser and when allowed by and listed in the individual specifications.
They shall not apply unless specified in the order, in which event the specified tests
shall be made by the manufacturer before shipment of the castings.
S1. Unspecified Elements S4. Magnetic Particle Inspection

S1.1 Limits may be established for elements not S4.1 Castings shall be examined for surface and near
specified for the grade ordered by agreement between surface discontinuities by magnetic particle inspection.
the manufacturer and purchaser. The results of the The examination shall be in accordance with Practice
analysis for the agreed-upon elements shall be reported. E 709; and types and degrees of discontinuities consid-
ered shall be judged by the Reference Photographs E
125. Extent of examination, time of examination, and
basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and purchaser. A specification which may
S2. Destruction Tests
be used as a basis for such agreement is MSS SP 53.
S2.1 Purchaser may select representative castings
from each heat and cut up and etch, or otherwise S4.2 Personnel performing the examination shall be
prepare, the sections for examination for internal defects. qualified in accordance with an acceptable written
Should injurious defects be found that evidence unsound practice.
steel or faulty foundry technique, all the castings made
from that particular pattern, heat, and heat treatment
charge may be rejected. All the rejected castings includ- S5. Radiographic Inspection
ing those cut up, shall be replaced by the manufacturer
S5.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects
without charge.
by means of X rays or gamma rays. The procedure
shall be in accordance with Guide E 94 and types and
degrees of discontinuities considered shall be judged
by Reference Radiographs E 446, E 186, or E 280.
S3. Bend Test Extent of examination and basis for acceptance shall
be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
S3.1 One bend test shall be made from a test coupon
A specification that may be used as a basis for such
from each heat in accordance with Test Methods and
agreement is MSS SP 54.
Definitions A 370, and shall be machined to 1 by 1⁄2
in. [25 by 13 mm] section with corners rounded to a S5.2 Radiographic examination of castings may be
radius not over 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. performed before or after any heat treatment.
S3.2 The specimen shall withstand being bent longitu- S5.3 Personnel performing the examination shall be
dinally at room temperature through an angle of 90° qualified in accordance with an acceptable written
about a pin the diameter of which shall be the specimen practice.
thickness for carbon steel, and 1 in. [25 mm] for other
steels. The specimen shall show no cracks on the
outside of the bent portion of the specimen. S6. Liquid Penetrant Inspection
S3.3 Bend test specimens may be cut from heat- S6.1 Castings shall be examined for surface disconti-
treatment castings instead of from test bars when agreed nuities by means of liquid penetrant inspection. The
upon between manufacturer and purchaser. examination shall be in accordance with Practice E
165. Areas to be inspected, time of inspection, methods
S3.4 If any test specimen shows defective machining and types of liquid penetrants to be used, developing
or develops flaws, it may be discarded and another procedure, and basis for acceptance shall be agreed
specimen substituted from the same heat. upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. In the
1211

absence of available reference standards for liquid S9. Drop Weight Tests
penetrant inspection, indications may be compared with
S9.1 Drop weight test properties shall be determined
Reference Photographs E 125 or referenced to ASME
from each heat by preparing and testing either Type
Section III, NB-2546.
P1, P2, or P3 specimens in accordance with Test
S6.2 Personnel performing the examination shall be Method E 208. The crack starter weld shall be deposited
qualified in accordance with an acceptable written on the surface of the specimen that was nearest to the
practice. casting surface. Each test shall consist of at least two
specimens tested at a temperature agreed upon by the
manufacturer and purchaser. Each specimen shall exhibit
“no break” performance.
S7. Ultrasonic Inspection
S7.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects
by means of ultrasonic inspection. The inspection proce- S10. Examination of Weld Preparation
dure shall be in accordance with Practice A 609/A S10.1 Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examina-
609M. Extent of examination, methods of test, and tion of cavities prepared for welding shall be performed
basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon between the to verify removal of those discontinuities found unac-
manufacturer and purchaser. ceptable by the inspection method specified for the
S7.2 Ultrasonic examination of castings shall be casting. The method of performing magnetic particle
performed after at least one heat treatment above the or liquid penetrant examination shall be in accordance
critical temperature range but need not be repeated with Practice E 709 or Practice E 165. Unless other
after subsequent heat treatment. degrees of shrinkage or types of discontinuities found
in the cavities are specified, Type II, Internal Shrinkage,
S7.3 Personnel performing the examination shall be of Reference Photographs E 125, of Degree 2 in sections
qualified in accordance with an acceptable written up to 2 in. [50 mm] thick and of Degree 3 in sections
practice. over 2 in. [50 mm] thick shall be acceptable.
S12. Prior Approval of Major Weld Repairs

S8. Charpy Impact Test
S12.1 Major weld repairs shall be subject to the
S8.1 Charpy impact test properties shall be determined
prior approval of the purchaser.
on each heat from a set of three charpy V-notch
specimens made from a test coupon in accordance with
Test Methods and Definitions A 370, and tested at a
test temperature agreed upon by the manufacturer and S13. Hardness Test
purchaser. The acceptance requirements shall be either S13.1 A hardness test shall be made in accordance
energy absorbed, lateral expansion, or percent shear with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The test
area, or all three, and shall be that agreed upon by location and the hardness requirements shall be agreed
the manufacturer and purchaser. Test specimens shall upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
be prepared as Type A and tested in accordance with
Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
S8.2 Absorbed Energy—Average energy value of S14. Tension Test from Each Heat and Heat
three specimens shall be not less than specified, with Treatment Charge
not more than one value permitted to fall below the
S14.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat
minimum specified and no value permitted below the
and heat treatment charge.
minimum specified for a single specimen.
S8.3 Lateral Expansion—Lateral expansion value

shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. S15. Quench and Temper Heat Treatment
S8.4 Percent Shear Area—Percent shear area shall S15.1 The castings shall be quenched and tempered.
be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. Castings so treated shall be marked QT.
1212

S17. Tension Test from Castings time at temperature or temperatures for the test material
shall be at least 80% of the total time at temperature
S17.1 In addition to the tensile test required in
or temperatures during actual postweld heat-treatment
Section 6, test material shall be cut from heat treated
of the fabrication of which the casting or castings are
castings. The mechanical properties and location for
a part. The total time at temperature or temperatures
the test material shall be agreed upon by the manufac-
for the test material may be performed in a single cycle.
turer and purchaser.
When this Supplementary Requirement is specified, the
welding qualification test metal must be processed in
the same manner.
S18. Tension Test for Castings Each Weighing
10 000 lb [4500 kg] or More
S18.1 Two tensile tests shall be made for each casting. S23. Macroetch Test
The test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
Section 6. The location of the test bars shall be agreed S23.1 Apply Supplementary Requirement S1 for the
upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. spectrographic determination and reporting of the total
residual aluminum content of all heats of ferritic and
martensitic steels subjected to this macroetch test.
S20. Weld Repair Charts S23.2 When the heat analysis indicates a total residual
S20.1 Major weld repairs shall be documented by aluminum content in excess of 0.08%, the manufacturer
means of sketches or photographs or both showing the shall etch a cross section of the casting with the heaviest
location and major dimensions of cavities prepared section for which this supplementary requirement is
for welding. Documentation shall be submitted to the invoked, or a coupon attached to that heaviest section
purchaser at the completion of the order. or an area directly under a riser (Note S23.1). Cross
sections, from a separately cast test block from the
S20.2 A weld repair shall be considered major when same heat and of a thickness representative of the
it is made to correct leakage on hydrostatic testing, or heaviest section of castings purchased under this supple-
when the depth of the cavity prepared for welding mentary requirement, may also be used for macroetch
exceeds 20% of the actual wall thickness or 1 in. [25 testing. The etching shall be performed on the selected
mm], whichever is smaller, or when the extent of the section after its heat-treatment, that is, after annealing,
cavity exceeds approximately 10 in.2 [65 cm2]. normalizing, or quenching and tempering following the
initial cooling of the steel below the transformation
range.
S21. Heat Treatment Furnace Record
NOTE S23.1—High strength martensitic castings, in particular, may
S21.1 A heat treatment chart showing time and be damaged beyond use if the etch is applied directly to the casting.
temperature shall be prepared and be available for
S23.3 The preparation of the surface and the macro-
inspection by the purchaser.
etching procedure with solution No. 1 (1:1 HCl) of
Table 5 in Test Method E 340 shall be followed. The
resulting etched surface shall be compared and rated
S22. Heat Treatment
with the reference photographs in Fig. S23.1 depicting
S22.1 Test specimens shall be heat-treated together 10 levels of severity of intergranular network structures
with the castings they represent. Heat-treated specimens indicative of the presence of aluminum nitride, or
shall be tested and shall meet the tensile and impact other constituents prone toward precipitating at grain
properties specified. boundaries during solidification and subsequent cooling.
Table S23.1 relates the severity levels shown in these
S22.2 The remaining test specimens from Supplemen- photographs with specific delineation widths and percent
tary Requirement S22.1 representing the casting shall of boundary outlining in the etched structures.
be treated thermally after the final (foundry) heat-
treatment to simulate heat-treatments below the critical S23.4 Castings represented by etched structures exhib-
temperature which the casting may receive during fabri- iting a network rating in excess of Severity Level 4 shall
cation, and then tested for mechanical properties. Time, be considered unacceptable until further evaluations are
temperature and cooling rate shall be as stated in the completed. The acceptability of individual castings may
order. In the case of postweld heat-treatment, the total be determined by etching sections of each casting to
1213

ascertain the network severity level. Disposition of supplementary requirement S1 or S2 of Practice A 800/
unacceptable castings shall be a matter of agreement A 800M.
between the manufacturer and purchaser. Those castings
exhibiting etched severity levels greater than four may
be further evaluated by any of the following agreed S25. Heat Treatment Certification
upon methods:
S25.1 Heat treatment temperature and cycle times
S23.4.1 Fracture testing to determine the amount shall be shown on the certification report.
of “rock candy” structure.
S23.4.2 Mechanical testing (bend, tensile, etc.) to S26. Alternate Tension Test Coupons and
determine the ductility characteristics. Specimen Locations for Castings (in-lieu of
S23.4.3 Weld testing to determine crack suscepti- Test Bars Poured from Special Blocks)
bility in the heat-affected zone of a circular groove S26.1 Test blocks may be cast integrally with the
welded with cellulose coated electrodes. castings or as separate blocks. Test blocks shall be
S23.5 Alternatively, by agreement, it is permissible heat-treated together with the castings they represent.
to subject castings from an unacceptable heat to a S26.2 The casting thickness, T, is the maximum
high temperature solution treatment prior to the normal thickness of the pressure containing wall of the casting
production heat-treatment and subsequently macroetch exclusive of padding added for directional solidification,
test each casting. flanges, appendages, and sections designated by the
designer as noncritical. The order, inquiry, and drawing
S23.6 Heavy section castings (Note S23.2) whose
shall designate what the test dimension, T, is for the
configurations are amenable to the attachment of test
casting.
coupons representative of the section thickness involved
and from which standard 0.505 in. [12.827 mm] diame- S26.3 One of the following shall apply:
ter tension specimens may be machined are exempt
S26.3.1 The longitudinal centerline of the test
from this macroetch test if the results of the tension
specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the T
test on the coupon after heat-treatment of the casting
dimension surface and all of the gage length must be
meet the minimum requirements specified for the grade
at least 1T from any other heat-treated surface, exclusive
of steel involved.
of the surface opposite the T dimension surface. (See
NOTE S23.2—For purposes of this supplementary requirement, a Fig. S26.1(a).) For cylindrical castings, the longitudinal
heavy section casting is defined as one having a wall thickness of centerline of the specimens shall be taken at least 1⁄4
11⁄2 in. (37 mm) or greater in combination with a casting weight
of at least 1000 lb (455kg).
T from the outside or inside and all of the gage length
must be at least T from the as-heat-treated end. (See
Fig. S26.1(b).)
S24. Specified Ferrite Content Range S26.3.2 For ferritic and martensitic castings, partial
severing of test blocks prior to final heat treatment is
S24.1 The chemical composition of the heat shall permitted.
be controlled such that the ferrite content, as determined
by the chemical composition procedure of Practice A S26.3.3 Where separately cast test coupons are
800/A 800M, shall be in conformance with the specified used, the dimension shall shall not be less than 3T by
ferrite content range. 3T by T and each specimen shall meet the requirements
of S26.3.1, except that when T exceeds 5 in. (125
S24.2 The specified ferrite content range shall be as mm), the dimension may be 15 by 15 by 5 in. (375
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the pur- by 375 by 125 mm), by agreement between the manufac-
chaser. The minimum specified ferrite content range turer and the purchaser. The test coupon shall be of
shall be 10% with the minimum ferrite content being the same heat of steel and shall receive substantially
no lower than the percent necessary to achieve the the same casting practices as the production casting it
minimum mechanical properties required for the alloy. represents. Centrifugal castings may be represented by
statically cast coupons. (See Fig. S26.2.)
S24.3 Should the purchaser wish to have the ferrite
content determined by either magnetic response or S26.3.4 When agreed upon between the manufac-
metallographic methods, the purchaser should impose turer and the purchaser, castings that are cast or ma-
1214

chined to essentially the finished configuration prior to the requirements of S26.3.1 shall be met or a steel
heat-treatment shall have test specimens removed from thermal buffer pad or thermal insulation or other thermal
a prolongation or other stock on the casting at a location barriers shall be used during heat-treatment. Steel ther-
below the nearest heat-treated surface indicated on the mal buffer pads shall be a minimum of T by T by 3T
order. The specimen location shall be at a distance in length and shall be joined to the casting surface by a
below the nearest heat-treated surface equivalent to at partial penetration weld completely sealing the buffered
least the greatest distance that the indicated high-tensile- surface. Test specimens shall be removed from the
stress surface will be from the nearest heat-treated casting in a location adjacent to the center third of the
surface and a minimum of twice this distance from a buffer pad. They shall be located at a minimum distance
second heat-treated surface, except that the test speci- of 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) from the buffered surface and 1⁄4T
mens shall be no nearer than 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) to a from other heat-treated surfaces (see Fig. S26.4). When
thermal insulation is used, it shall be applied adjacent
heat-treated surface and 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) from a second
to the casting surface where the test specimens are to
heat-treated surface. (See Fig. S26.3.)
be removed. The producer shall demonstrate that the
cooling rate of the test specimen location is no faster
S26.3.5 Where specimens are to be removed from than that of specimens taken by the method described
the body of quenched and tempered castings, either in S26.3.1.
FIG. S23.1 REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS OF MACROETCHED CAST STEEL
1215

FIG. S26.1 SPECIMEN FROM CASTING
1216

NOTE—Longitudinal axis and gage length of test specimen must be within cross-hatched zone.
FIG. S26.2 SEPARATELY CAST BLOCK
FIG. S26.3 PROLONGATION TEST SPECIMEN
1217

FIG. S26.4 THERMAL BUFFER PADS
TABLE S23.1
DESCRIPTIVE DATA APPLICABLE TO NETWORK
STRUCTURES SHOWN IN FIGURE S23.1
NOTE — These ratings are based on the physical width and continu-
ity of the precipitate pattern developed by the acid etchant on the
primary austenitic grain boundaries of the cast steel. Supplementary
testing is normally conducted to determine the final disposition of
castings with ratings of 5 or greater.
Rating Delineation Width, in. Boundary Outline, %
1 Fine–0.001 20
2 Fine–0.001 40
3 Fine–0.001 60
4 Fine–0.002 80
5 Fine–0.002 100
6 Medium–0.005 100
7 Heavy–0.010 100
8 0.020 100
1
9 ⁄32 100
1
10 ⁄16 100
1218

APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. ALLOY DESIGNATIONS FOR CAST H indicates the heat-resistant service at and above
STAINLESS STEELS 1200°F (649°C).
X1.1 Cast stainless steels are usually specified on X1.2.2 Ternary Diagram Location Letter—The
the basis of composition using the alloy designation second letter indicates the approximate location of the
system established by the Alloy Casting Institute (ACI). nickel and chromium contents of the alloy grade on
The ACI designations, for example, CF8M, have been the FeCrNi ternary diagram shown in Fig. X1.1.
adopted by ASTM and are preferred for cast alloys X1.2.3 Carbon Content Number—For C service
over the designations used by the American Iron and classifications, this single or dual digit numeral repre-
Steel Institute for similar wrought steels. sents the maximum carbon content in units of 0.01%.
For H service classifications, this number represents
X1.2 This nomenclature system has served success- the midpoint of the range of carbon content in terms
fully to accommodate changes in old alloys and to of 0.01% with a ±0.05% limit.
designate new ones. X1.2.4 Special Elements Letter—Additional letters
x x oo x x x following the numeral represent special chemical ele-
Service Classification ments in the alloy grade, such as M for Molybdenum,
Letter C for columbium, Cu for copper, W for tungsten. There
Ternary Diagram Location are two exceptions: the letter A indicates “Controlled
Letter
Carbon Content Number Ferrite,” and the letter F indicates “Free Machining.”
Special Elements Letter
X1.3 In Fig. X.1.1, unlettered NiCr ranges are associ-
ated with the nearest lettered location. They may be
X1.2.1 Service Classification Letter—The first let- the result of differences between corrosion and heat-
ter of the cast stainless steel designation system identifies resistant types or because of the influence of additional
the intended service application of the alloy. The letter elements: for example, the precipitation hardening grade
C indicates corrosion-resistant service, and the letter CB-7Cu.
1219

FIG. X1.1 LETTERS ASSIGNED TO CHROMIUM AND NICKEL RANGES IN ACI DESIGNATION SYSTEM
1220


Specification For Steel Castings, General Requirements, For Pressure-Containing Parts

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SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL CASTINGS, GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 703/A 703M-94.)

1. Scope values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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15.3 Samples that represent rejected material shall

16.2 As applicable, the certification shall also include:

16.2.6 Statement of satisfactory inspection, visual,

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17. Product Marking poured. Marking shall be in such position as not to

FIG. 1 DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS OF THE ICI TEST BAR

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FIG. 3 TEST BLOCK FOR TENSION TEST SPECIMEN

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FIG. 4 CAST-TO-SHAPE TEST COUPON FOR TENSION TEST SPECIMEN

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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Leg Design [125 mm] Riser Design

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S1. Unspecified Elements S4. Magnetic Particle Inspection

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S12. Prior Approval of Major Weld Repairs

S8.3 Lateral Expansion—Lateral expansion value

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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

FIG. S23.1 REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS OF MACROETCHED CAST STEEL

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

FIG. S26.1 SPECIMEN FROM CASTING

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FIG. S26.2 SEPARATELY CAST BLOCK

FIG. S26.3 PROLONGATION TEST SPECIMEN

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FIG. S26.4 THERMAL BUFFER PADS

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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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