Doc-20240601-Wa0001. 20240701 065910 0000

PHYSICS
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier
SUBMITTED BY:
Ayush Gupta
XII-E
SCHOOL ROLL NO.: 08

BOARD ROLL NO.:
..............
............
Vikas Bharti Public School
INDEX
1. AIM
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. CERTIFICATE
4. THEORY
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. WORKING
8. CONCLUSION
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
TO CONSTRUCT A FULL WAVE

BRIDGE RECTIFIER AND SHOW
THAT ALTERNATING CURRENT IS
RECTIFIED INTO DIRECT CURRENT.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project could have never been possible
without the support of various sources. It is
extremely impossible to thank every individual
who has helped me in completing this project.
Some People have helped in the Basic

formularization and there were sources that
helped me in giving the ideas a physical
form/shape. I am extremely grateful to our
subject teacher, Mrs. Neha Sharma, for her
invaluable guidance in the project right from the
beginning. His vital support helped the project
to take a logical and suitable shape. I take this
opportunity to thank the School authorities, for
extending their full support and cooperation in
the project. Last but not the least;
Ayush Gupta XII-E

Science Roll No. :
....................08........
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ayush Gupta (Roll No.

: ……..…08….....), student of Class XII-E,
Vikas Bharati Public School has completed
the project titled. “Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier” during the academic year 2024-
25 towards partial fulfilment of credit for the
Physics Project evaluation of AISSCE 2025,
and submitted satisfactory report , as
compiled in the following pages, under my
supervision.
(Teacher’s Signature)
THEORY
The process of converting AC (which periodically
reverses direction) current into DC (which flows only
in one direction) current is known as Rectification.
The electrical device used to so is known as Rectifier.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving

as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage
direct current power transmission systems.
Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate
direct current for use as a source of power.
The simple process of rectification produces a type of

DC characterized by pulsating voltages and currents
(although still unidirectional). Depending upon the type
of end-use, this type of DC current may then be further
modified into the type of relatively constant voltage DC
characteristically produced by such sources as batteries
and solar cells.
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more)

diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides
the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
When used in its most common application, for
conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a
direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge
rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave
rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in
lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier with a
3-wire input from a transformer with a centre-tapped
secondary winding.
Most electronic devices cannot withstand very

high voltage or alternating current due to its
intense high power. The use of batteries in all
devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement. So
these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic
devices like Televisions, Radios,Lightings etc
MATERIALS REQUIRED
➢4 Rectifier Diodes
➢220 V Transformer
➢Printed Circuit Board
➢220 Ω ± 5% Resistor (Load)
➢Copper Connecting Wires
➢Jumper Connectors
➢LED Bulb
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
Full wave bridge rectifier is formed by connecting
four diodes together in such a way that their arms
form a bridge, hence the name bridge rectifier. In
bridge rectifier, voltage can be applied to the
diode bridge through a transformer or directly
through the AC signal without the transformer.
Here we are using 12-0-12 centre tapped
transformer for providing AC voltage to Bridge
Rectifier circuit.
During the positive half cycle diodes D3-D2 get

forward biased and acts like a closed switch.
Diodes D1-D4 and gets reversed biased and do
not conduct thus acts like open switch. Thus we
get positive half cycle at the output.
During the negative half cycle diodes D1-D4 get
forward biased and acts like a closed switch.
Diodes D3-D2 gets reversed biased and do not
conduct thus acts like open switch. Thus we get
positive half cycle at the output.
Below wave form is showing the input and output

waveform for Bridge Rectifier Circuit. We can see
that the negative part of AC voltage in converted
into positive cycle after going through Bridge
rectifier circuit.
The output direct current and voltage
light up the LED bulb.
Applications
Because of their low cost compared to
centre tapped they are widely used in
power supply circuit.
This can be used to detect the amplitude
of modulated radio signal.
Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply
polarized voltage in welding.
In daily life, rectifiers find use in mobile
chargers.
Merits
The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is
double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in
case of a full-wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is
required.
Higher output voltage higher output power and higher
TUF in case of a full-wave rectifier.
In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC
saturation of the core because the DC currents in the
two halves of the transformer secondary flow in
opposite directions.
Demerits
Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit

elements and is costlier.
Conclusion
The output voltage of the full wave
rectifier is not constant, it is always
pulsating. But this cannot be used in real
life applications. In other words, we desire
a DC power supply with a constant output
voltage. In order to achieve a smooth and
constant voltage a filter with a capacitor
or an inductor is used.
Bibliography
Physics – Textbook for Class XII (NCERT)
Laboratory Manual of Physics
Encyclopedias
Websites
www.google.co.in
www.wikipedia.org
www.youtube.com

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PHYSICS

SCHOOL ROLL NO.: 08

TO CONSTRUCT A FULL WAVE

Some People have helped in the Basic

Ayush Gupta XII-E

This is to certify that Ayush Gupta (Roll No.

The electrical device used to so is known as Rectifier.

Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving

The simple process of rectification produces a type of

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more)

Most electronic devices cannot withstand very

During the positive half cycle diodes D3-D2 get

Below wave form is showing the input and output

Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit

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