INTRODUCTION

Embroidery is an art that consists of ornamentation , using textile threads, of a flexible

surface. Cross stitch is a popular form of embroidery that uses stitches that are in the
shape of an X.

Cross stitch is one of the oldest forms of embroidery that can be found all over the world.

Embroidery is an art that we must continue to preserve since it identifies us as Hidalgo

residents and also as cross stitch, they don't practice it because it is a bit laborious and
now they only buy napkins that come already graduated with figures. Cross stitch is a very
beautiful stitch that attracts attention and is more attractive, which is why in this project we
realize the importance of embroidery (cross stitch).

DESCRIPTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

Why is embroidery becoming extinct in the xochiatipan?

The advantage of using embroidery and the disadvantage

What are the factors that cause the loss of embroidery in Xochiatipan?

What is the importance of making embroidery in the young population?

 JUSTIFICATION

We are carrying out this project, it will be developed on the COBAEH Xochiatipan campus,
belonging to the municipality of They are even changing the type of clothing, since in this
type of cross-stitch embroidery it was used to make their shirts look more striking, so that it
would beautify the Xochatipense woman.

It is for this reason that we developed this project to raise awareness among the people on
campus, since the culture of embroidery is being lost day after day, with your support we
can rescue the beautiful art of embroidery.
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What are the basic tools?

How are the materials used for?

Cross stitch embroidery designs?

What are the uses of embroidery?

How many people practice embroidery?

How many do not practice it? Why?

What is important to rescue embroidery?

 AIM
The main objective of this project is to rescue art, embroidery, mainly cross stitch, at the
COBAEH campus located in this beautiful municipality of Xochiatipan since we have
noticed that young people do not take importance to culture, it is being lost because the It
is difficult for people to practice it, due to lack of time and dedication. This beautiful art
should not disappear since we have preserved it from generation to generation. We also
aim to teach new generations how to embroider, so that they can pass it on to everyone in
the present community.

Making embroidery is truly an art although, today for society this activity does not have
much importance, for the Huasteca culture and to distinguish the different types of borders
of this town. Since it is an inheritance from our ancestors.
 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The art of embroidery can be rescued, with actions aimed at its proper use through a
product that generates impact through the participation of the population and that in a
complementary way can be a source of work and income. At the same time promoting
good teamwork, and allowing it to have continuity.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

Analyze the main problem that causes the loss of the art of embroidery.

Propose that we should practice cross-stitch embroidery from our homes, and use this
type of material.

Act by producing a product that causes impact, as well as so that the embroidery
continues to be preserved.

Make a profit for people and support something.

Cross stitch is a popular form of embroidery that uses stitches that are in the shape of an
X. It also uses other stitches, including ¼, ½, ¾ and back stitches. Cross stitch is usually
done on fabrics with a uniform and distinguishable weave, and less frequently on fabrics
with a non-uniform weft, placing on top a fabric with a uniform weft (scruff) that is removed
thread by thread at the end of the embroidery.

Its wide diffusion may be due to the great possibility of elements it offers, whether borders,
drawings, paintings, alphabets, etc. It applies to both embroidery itself and upholstery. In
this case, the cross stitch is done on previously marked scrims, which show each of the
regions of each color to be embroidered. The most important peculiarity of cross stitch is its
great possibility of diagrams and drawings in a multitude of fabrics, being applied, among
others, in tablecloths, bedspreads, cloths, bedding, towels.

History

Cross stitch flowers.

Cross stitch is one of the oldest forms of embroidery that can be found throughout the
world.1 Many popular art museums have samples of fabrics decorated with this stitch,
especially from Continental Europe and Asia. A little history of cross stitch From these
humble origins, this artisanal activity evolved to become a decorative and ornamental
technique. And so we have received ancient fragments of clothing found in archaeological
sites in Egypt (500 BC). C.) or Central Asia (850 BC). C.) where it is still used today in the
traditional costumes of those regions.

Cross stitch is one of the oldest embroidery techniques: it seems that silk scraps
embroidered with a stitch very similar to cross stitch have been found in Central Asia,
dating back to 850 AD. c. True cross stitch, identical to what is done today, made its
appearance in Europe during the Middle Ages, and then spread widely during the
Renaissance. Already in the year 1500, the first schemes began to circulate, true models of
typical and recurring themes: floral, heraldic and religious decorations, full of symbols such
as crosses, chalices and doves. The fabrics on which they were embroidered did not yet
include cotton, but were linen, silk and wool. There were also few colored threads
available. For a long time the most widespread was red, capable of withstanding washing
better than the others. In the popular embroidery of Eastern and Central Europe, two-
dimensional cross stitch (without shadows) with geometric and floral designs is
characteristic, usually worked with cotton threads on linen.2

In the United States, the first known cross-stitch sampler is located in the Pilgrim Hall
museum in Plymouth, Massachusetts [1]. This sampler was made by Loara Standish,
daughter of Captain Myles Standish, around 1653. Traditionally, cross stitch was used to
embellish fabrics such as tablecloths, lingerie and doilies (just small parts of what would
currently be embroidered, such as the edges). Although there are many embroiderers who
still use it for these uses, especially in Europe, it is increasingly common to use this stitch
to embroider on Panama or canvas fabrics and hang them on the wall as decorative
elements.

Throughout the United States and Europe there are many cross stitch associations that
offer classes, participate in large projects, knit for charities, and promote relationships
between local knitters.

Simple motif in the shape of a bouquet for a cloth.

Currently mercerized cotton thread is the most used material. It consists of a thread made
of cotton and composed of six loosely twisted strands so that they can be easily separated.
Pearl cotton thread, silk and rayon are also commonly used. Sometimes different strands
of wool, metallic or some other special ones, are used, sometimes for the entire
embroidery or simply for details and decorations.

Realization

There are two movements at work:

• Round trip, which gives better quality and appearance when reversed; and

• I continue, which is especially recommended when embroidering borders.

Even so, many cross stitch schemes rely on backstitching (=linear stitch), used to highlight
the drawing, and, to a lesser extent, the chain stitch and the passed stitch.

Variants

Possibly it is his high practice that has made important variations from a single initial idea,
through the subtraction or addition of stitches. We must mention two other points that were
born from the famous x:
• Petit-point (=half point). Tapestries made of wool that consist of a single diagonal
stitch (which must be identical throughout the work). It is worked using a square frame with
wool on a tapestry canvas that can be purchased already marked.

• Devil's point. It consists of embroidering a cross and a cross within the same
square. It is often made in mouliné or perlé on the typical Vichy checkered fabrics (France).

Materials

Christmas detail in cross stitch.

• Fabric: Linen, Aida fabric or panama, although thanks to canvas (not to be confused
with upholstery fabric!) cross stitch is viable on any fabric. If, for example, we want to
embroider on a canvas, we should center a piece of canvas, baste it and embroider the
cross stitch according to its plot. Finally, the canvas is undone by carefully pulling its
threads. Tip: in this situation you should embroider with a little more than normal tension,
since, otherwise, when removing the threads, the embroidery would be exposed, making it
susceptible to snagging.

• Threads: Preferably mouliné, 100% cotton and worked in two strands.

• Needles: It is recommended to use a short needle, as it allows you to make the

most of the expensive thread. If you are embroidering on Aida or Panama, a pointless one
(also called blunt point) will be preferred, but if you are working on a more compact, dense
fabric, you should use a needle with a sharp point.

• Frame: In England it seems to be a very deep-rooted custom to embroider the cross

stitch on hoop frames, that is, without a foot; although the vast majority prefer to embroider
it on the finger. The use of the hoop allows for uniform tensioning of the fabric and,
therefore, of the embroidery. Likewise, it almost completely avoids the inevitable dirt from
rubbing the work with your hands. And it allows you to view the progress of the embroidery.
Embroidery is an art that consists of ornamentation, using textile threads, of a flexible
surface.

The threads used in embroidery are the same as those used for weaving, but above all
silk , wool and linen threads are used, all with varied colors, and silver and gold threads
with the different shapes that are adopted in weaving. With them, gems , pearls , beads
and metallic sequins are sometimes strung. Pliny the Elder attributed the introduction of
gold threads in embroidery to King Attalus I of Pergamon ( 3rd century BC ) and for this
reason the Romans called the pieces thus embroidered or woven attalicus amictus and
also auriphrygium if they were only embroidered. .

Cross stitch embroidery.

Embroidery, the work of embellishing a fabric through drawings made with threads and a
needle. The word embroidery derives from the medieval French border. The term was
initially applied to the decorative knitted trim woven into medieval liturgical vestments. At
that time, the word also covered the knitted decoration on any textile, as well as on leather,
paper and other materials. The invention in 1828 of the first embroidery machine by the
Alsatian Joseph Heilman made mass production of embroidery possible. However, it is still
practiced as a craft work, just as in ancient times. Its historical use also persists for the
decoration of dresses, religious garments, murals or hangings and clothing for the house,
as well as in upholstery, carpets and other domestic elements.

Materials and techniques

Embroidery has both a functional and purely decorative purpose. In the application work,
pieces of fabric that contrast with the background are superimposed on the base fabric. In
the case of the honeycomb, the decorative stitches ensure gathers, which have previously
been made in the background fabric. The decorative stitches or stitches are known by
names such as chain, blanket, feather, knot, satin, cross or gross point and gobelin, half
point or petit point. Normally the thread is silk, wool, cotton or linen. Fine wire is also used
and, in some 20th century work, synthetic fibers. Thick or precious threads sometimes form
different designs, that is, they are secured with threads simply laid on the background
fabric and fastened at intervals by cross stitches.

Some embroidery techniques achieve a practically flat surface, while others create relief
designs. In openwork, the threads are removed from the background fabric, its edges are
embroidered and the intermediate spaces are filled with decorative stitches or stitches. In
this type of embroidery, some warp threads, weft threads, or both, are unraveled from the
base and the remaining threads are grouped with various stitches such as hemstitching.
Some embroidery is named according to the type of thread used, as in the case of crewel
work (from the English crewel, 'worsted'), with stitches of brightly colored worsted wool on
a beige, white or linen background fabric. woolen. Other types are named according to the
background fabric used, such as chiffon embroidery. In 'counted thread' embroidery, the
drawing is made following the weave of the base fabric or a scrim that overlaps it, which is
removed once the work is finished.

The embroidery known as 'needle tapestry' is also done on canvas. In this case, the entire
surface of the fabric is covered with identical stitches that form a drawing. The most
commonly used stitches to carry out this work are the half point or petit point and the cross
or gros point.

The first embroidery

Ancient literary and artistic sources indicate that embroidery was applied to clothing and
other fabrics from ancient times. The first embroidered garment that survives, thanks to the
dry climate of the desert, is Egyptian. The Egyptians were very skilled embroiderers who
also decorated fabrics with leather applications and beads. Some pieces that come from
ancient Mediterranean peoples and indigenous American peoples are also preserved.
Centers of delicate embroidery were created in Persia, Babylon, Israel, Phoenicia and
Syria. In Peru, for example, cotton fabrics with geometric and colorful wool embroidery
have been found in the necropolis of Ancón. See Latin American fabrics.

17th and 18th centuries

During these centuries the techniques of previous centuries continued. Although they were
not common, books of embroidery designs appeared in the early 17th century. During this
period the sampler was used as a sample of different types of knitting and embroidery. In
the 18th century, samplers were created in the form of printed images.
In the 17th century two important techniques appeared. In stumpwork, the designs (usually
biblical scenes with figures dressed in 17th century dresses) were made in relief on silk or
cotton wool background fabrics. This embroidery was often used to decorate objects such
as boxes or mirror frames. In the wool work of the time of James I Stuart, a variety of
crewel work, large wool fabrics and fabrics were made with exotic foliage, birds and scenes
in various stitches and colors. These works were used as tapestries, curtains, bedspreads
and other domestic items. Another trend was the use of repetitive figures, such as the
'flame point' or Bargello used, for example, in upholstery. Embroidery on clothing for men
and women reached its peak in the 17th and 18th centuries. At the end of the 18th century,
white Saxon embroidery became famous for decorating cuffs, handkerchiefs and similar
items.

19th century trends

After the French Revolution there was a tendency towards simpler forms. Embroidery on
tulle became popular, as did appliqué work, which was sometimes complemented by
painting. The most widespread popular technique during the 19th century was the Berlin
wool stitch, a variety of needlepoint or scrim tapestry made of silk, sometimes with beads,
on brightly colored wool. At the end of the 19th century the Arts & Crafts movement led by
the British designer William Morris included embroidery.

ESSENTIAL MATERIALS

DMC's special mouliné thread is the most used and preferred by embroiderers.

Each skein is made up of six strands. In its 100% cotton version and thanks to its double
Mercerization, the Mouliné DMC Threads have a shine and a luxurious finish with a very
wide range: 465 solid colors to choose from. Normally two strands are used for cross stitch
and one for backstitching. In the legend of the graph they will tell you the number of strands
you should use.

The fabric

The most used fabric for cross stitching is 100% Cotton Aida Fabric. DMC fabric is made
from the best quality cotton fibers. For this reason, we recommend that you use the Aida
fabric from the DMC brand.

The fabric is designed in the shape of a well-defined mat and incorporates visible holes
that make it a very easy fabric to use. Aida fabric is available in versions of different sizes
(squares). The larger the square, the easier it will be to embroider. The range of colors is
very wide, ask for it at your usual haberdashery.

The needle

The number 24 embroidery needle is recommended for cross stitching on a size 14 Aida
surface. It has a large eyelet that makes threading easy, and the round tip slides smoothly
between holes in the fabric.

The graphic

The chart is the guide for developing any cross stitch project and in which you will find the
color number of the Mouliné thread, the type of stitch and the number of threads that you
should use at all times.
 BEFORE STARTING

Work with the thread

1. Short strands of yarn are easier to work with. So, to prepare your work, cut the strands
of approximately 45 cm.

2. Separate the 6 strands of thread you are going to work with by taking one end of the
thread between two fingers and pulling the strands one by one. Take the number of strands
needed (as indicated in the graph) and regroup them.

3. If the thread wraps around itself while embroidering, leave the thread hanging over the
needle, the thread will unwind itself.

Work with the fabric

1. Before you begin, cut the edges of the fabric with scissors to prevent fraying.

2. You can use, if you want, a stretcher to keep the fabric perfectly taut. Although, we
advise you to undo the frame as long as you do not edge it to avoid leaving marks.

Prepare the needle

To thread the thread, take two strands of thread and wet the thread at one end to stiffen
and flatten it. Then slide the thread through the needle hole.

Use the graph

“Little squares”: The little squares of the graph correspond to the grids of the fabric. Each
“square” on the graph that requires one stitch is marked with a symbol.
Thread colors and meaning of the symbols: In each graph a section appears showing
symbols that indicate the type of stitch and color you should use.

Chart Interpretation: The most common stitch is cross stitch. When the square of your
design contains a large symbol, you must use a complete cross stitch. The second most
used point is backstitching. Backstitching is often used to define profiles and letters. When
a square contains a straight line or dotted lines joining two corners, use a backstitch. When
there is a symbol on the square and it is on both sides of the stitching symbol, you must
make a cross stitch and then add a stitch.

LET'S START EMBROIDERING

1. The first thing to do to start embroidering is to center the graphic, to do this you have to
fold the fabric in half and pinch it so that a mark remains, repeat the process making a
vertical double. The center is the place where the 2 brands intersect.

2. Match the center of the fabric to the center of the graphic. You will find arrows at the
bottom and side of the graph that make it easy for you to know which is the center.

3. You can start embroidering in the center or count the number of squares from the center
of the graphic to the point where you want to start.

4. Thread the needle with the necessary number of threads that you are going to work with.

5. To do the cross stitch you can make a line of half crosses and then finish the cross by
going back in the opposite direction or you can complete each cross one by one, all of
them in the same direction.

6. The beauty of cross stitch is that all the stitches are identical and have a smooth,
uniform surface. Keep in mind that each stitch has the same tension, this way you will have
a perfect piece ready to say “I did it”.
 THE BASIC POINTS

THE CROSS STITCH

1. The easiest method to use to start a cross stitch project is the “lost knot” method.
This is a temporary knot that will be cut later. To start, tie a knot at the end of the thread.
Pass the needle from the right side of the fabric downwards, about 2 or 3 cm from the
place of the first cross stitch. Take the needle through the small square of the fabric that
you have selected as a starting point and make the first series of cross stitches. You can
now carefully cut the missing knot. To continue embroidering in the same area, rethread
the needle and pass it under several stitches on the wrong side of the fabric to secure the
thread. Then resume stitching.

2. Work embroidering semicircular lines and finish by embroidering the diagonals in the
opposite direction.

3. The beauty of cross stitch is that all the stitches are identical and have a regular and
uniform appearance. Make sure all the stitches are embroidered in the same direction and
tightened in the same way. If the stitches are too tight, the fabric will warp and the holes will
become larger. If the thread is too loose, the cross stitch shape will be less clean.

If you make a mistake while embroidering, it is very easy to correct, go back and undo the
stitches with the head of the needle. Now you just have to start again. DMC provides you
with enough thread to make your creations.

4. To finish the thread, pass it over 4 stitches on the wrong side of the work.

SKIP THE POINTS

Sometimes it may happen that you embroider some stitches on one part of the work and
have to embroider again with the same color of thread on another part of the work.

Skipping points may be easier than finishing and starting over.

However, when you jump the thread from one place to another in the work, the thread may
show through the fabric. Therefore, you should only jump when the distance is short and
the thread color is light. Once the cross stitches are done, you can start backstitching.

THE STITCHING

1. Start by passing your thread over 3 or 4 stitches on the back of the work.

2. Work with the holes in the fabric, take the needle out at 1, put it in 2, take it out in 3, put
it in 4 (same hole as 1), take it out in 5, put it in 6 (same hole as 3), and so on. successively
until finished.

3. To finish the thread, pass it over 4 stitches on the wrong side of the work.