Câu gián tiếp

Câu gián tiếp
1. Tổng quan
Câu trực tiếp: mệnh đề tường thuật + “mệnh đề được tường thuật”
My mother says: “You are really lazy”
Câu gián tiếp: mệnh đề tường thuật + (that) + mệnh đề được tường thuật
My mother says that I was really lazy
2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi
B1: Xác định từ tường thuật
Nam nói rằng
Với câu tường thuật, có 2 động
+ told (bảo): bắt buộc dùng khi nam nói với người thứ 3 khác
+ said: thuật lại khi không nhắc đến người thứ 3
Các động từ khác: asked, denied, promised,..
Lưu ý: có thể có that hoặc không có that trong câu gián tiếp
Nam told me: “my girlfriend will come here”
 Nam told me that his girlfriend would come here
Mai told me that her mother didn’t love her dog
Mai told: “My mother doesn’t love my dog”
This is a beatiful pen and this is mine (my pen)
B2: Lùi thì của động từ trong câu tường thuật về quá khứ
Nguyên tắc lùi thì chung
+ thì tương lai lùi về thì tương lai trong quá khứ
+ thì hiện tại lùi về thì quá khứ
+ thì qúa khứ lùi về thì quá khứ hoàn thành
B3: Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu và đại từ sở hữu

Nam told me: “My girlfriend will come here to visit me tomorrow”
Nam told me that his girlfriend would come …to visit him ….
B4: Đổi cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Nam told me: “My girlfriend will come here to visit me tomorrow”
Nam told me that his girlfriend would come there to visit him the following day
3. Chuyển đổi các loại câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
3.1 . Câu gián tiếp với dạng trần thuật
S + say(s)/ said (that) + mệnh đề được tường thuật
Ví dụ: “I’m going to study abroad next year”, she said
 She said she was going to study abroad the following year
3.2 Câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi

Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp với câu tường thuật dạng yes/no, cần
+ thêm if hoặc whether trước câu hỏi
+ đổi lại vị trí của chủ ngữ và động từ trong câu
S + asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + if/where + S + V
“Are you hungry?” My mom asked
-> My mom asked if I was hungry?
“Did you finish your homework”, he asked
He asked if I had finished my homework
Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi WH

S + asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + WH + S + V
“How is the weather? Lan asked
Lan asked how the weather was
3.3 Câu gián tiếp với câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu
Thường sử dụng từ: told/ required/ requested/..
S + asked/ told/ required/ request + O + (not) + to V
S + ordered + sb to do st
“Don’t open the door, please”,he said
-> He asked me not to open the door
4. Một số dạng đặc biệt khác của câu gián tiếp
*Shall/would dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời (to + V)
“Shall I bring you a cup of coffe?” Nam asked
-> Nam ordered to bring me a cup of coffee
*Will/would/can/could dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu lịch sự
Nam asked me: “Can you turn on the music for me”
Nam asked me to turn on the music for him
*Câu cảm thán
“What an interesting book!” She said
She exclaimed that the book was interesting
Bài tập 1: Chuyển các câu sau từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. "Where's my book?" Linh asked.
Linh asked where her book was

2. "Where are you going?" Lan asked us.
Lan asked us where we were going
3. My brother asked: "Have I cleaned the room?"
My brother asked has he the room have cleaned
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
Mother asks her daughter when she had been
5. "What color shirt do you like the most?" I asked my boyfriend.
I asked my boyfriend what color shirt he liked the most
5. "What are they doing?" My father asked.
My father wants to know what they were doing
7. "Will she go to the movies?" My brother asked Lan
My brother wants to know if she will go to the movies
8. The teacher asked: "Did the whole class do the English homework?"
Teachers want to know if the whole class did the english homework
9. "Why did you lie?" she asked me.
She asked me why i lied
10. "Have you talked to your family?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me if i had talked to my family
Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu mà nghĩa không đổi
1. “If the weather is nice, I will go on a picnic with my family,” he said.

He said that if the weather is nice, he will go on a picnic with his family
2. “What would you do if you had five days off?” I asked him.
I asked him what he would do if he had five days of
3. “I would come to see you if I didn't have to take the exam, James,” she said.
She said James that she would come to see him if she did’n have to take the exam
4. "I'm sure I won't be jealous if you tell me the truth", he told me
He told me he was sure he would not be jealous if i tell him the truth
5. “If there's a storm tomorrow, we won't have to go to school,” they told me.
They told me if there is a storm tomorrow, they won’t have to go to school
6. She told me: “If I were you, I wouldn't choose to give up this dream job.”
She told me if she were me, she wouldn’t choose to give up this dream job
7. “If a lot of guests come, the homestay will be full.”
They told me if a lot of guests come, the homestay will be full
8.“You will be surprised if you meet her.”, Linh told Linda.
Linh told Linda that she will be surprised if she meet her
9. She said: “I will get sick if I stay out in the sun for too long.”
She said she would get sick if she stayed out in the sun for too long
10. “What would you do if you saw him?” Linh asked me
Linh asked me that what i would do if i saw him

BT: đặt câu
- My mother told me “if you don’t do housework, you won’t camping tomorrow”
 My mother told me that if i didn’t do housework, you wouldn’t camping tomorrow
- The manager threatened the employee “if you don’t complete the work on time,
you won’t get a bonus at the end of the year”
 The manager threatened the employee that if he didn’t completed the work on
time, he wouldn’t get a bonus at the end of the year
- Killan said “I will stay at home instead of going to the party tonight”
 Killan said he would saty at home instead of going to the party that night
- She told me “tonight’s party would be bleak without him”
 Ahe told me without him, the party would be very bleak that night
- My parents said “ it would be great if the weather dosen’t rain tomorrow, we will
have a perfect camping”
 My parents said that it would be great if the weather didn’t rain the next day, we
would have a perfect camping
- She requested the students “ please do your homework and send it to me
tomorrow”
 She requested the students that please do their homework and send to her the next
day

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Câu gián tiếp

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Câu gián tiếp

My mother says: “You are really lazy”

My mother says that I was really lazy

2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi

B1: Xác định từ tường thuật

Nam nói rằng

Với câu tường thuật, có 2 động

+ said: thuật lại khi không nhắc đến người thứ 3

Các động từ khác: asked, denied, promised,..

Nam told me: “my girlfriend will come here”

 Nam told me that his girlfriend would come here

Mai told me that her mother didn’t love her dog

Mai told: “My mother doesn’t love my dog”

This is a beatiful pen and this is mine (my pen)

B3: Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu và đại từ sở hữu

3.2 Câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi

Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi WH

“Shall I bring you a cup of coffe?” Nam asked

-> Nam ordered to bring me a cup of coffee

*Will/would/can/could dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu lịch sự

Nam asked me to turn on the music for him

*Câu cảm thán

“What an interesting book!” She said

She exclaimed that the book was interesting

1. "Where's my book?" Linh asked.

Linh asked where her book was

Lan asked us where we were going

3. My brother asked: "Have I cleaned the room?"

My brother asked has he the room have cleaned

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

Mother asks her daughter when she had been

5. "What color shirt do you like the most?" I asked my boyfriend.

I asked my boyfriend what color shirt he liked the most

5. "What are they doing?" My father asked.

My father wants to know what they were doing

7. "Will she go to the movies?" My brother asked Lan

My brother wants to know if she will go to the movies

9. "Why did you lie?" she asked me.

She asked me why i lied

10. "Have you talked to your family?" my friend asked me.

My friend asked me if i had talked to my family

Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu mà nghĩa không đổi

1. “If the weather is nice, I will go on a picnic with my family,” he said.

I asked him what he would do if he had five days of

4. "I'm sure I won't be jealous if you tell me the truth", he told me

They told me if there is a storm tomorrow, they won’t have to go to school

7. “If a lot of guests come, the homestay will be full.”

They told me if a lot of guests come, the homestay will be full

8.“You will be surprised if you meet her.”, Linh told Linda.

10. “What would you do if you saw him?” Linh asked me

Linh asked me that what i would do if i saw him

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