Course: Criminal Typological Analysis

Program: BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN

CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL POLICY

WEEK 2

Tutor: Dr. Wilson E. Vincent

 Crimes motivated by
sex
• Introduction
• Sexual Crime
• TYPES OF SEXUAL CRIMES
• Sexual crimes and communication technology
INTRODUCTION
• Criminal Profiling Experts have a duty to have a thorough
understanding of the prevalence, nature and variety of sexual crimes
that may be encountered in investigation and casework. Those who
enter the profession ignorant of the subject do it a disservice, and
those who avoid the study of the subject would do better to abandon
it immediately. You cannot be a competent criminal investigator or
profiler without significant exposure to and a healthy appreciation of
human sexuality and its criminal manifestations. Translation
performed with the free version of the translator
www.DeepL.com/Translator
sexual crime
• The term sexual crime generally refers to any confluence of criminal
and sexual acts. In some cases, sexual activity is inherently criminal,
such as involving a lack of consent. In other cases, sexual activity
occurs between "consenting" parties but still involves a crime, as is
the case with prostitution in certain jurisdictions.

• They are socially and legally disapproved behaviors.

• "Sexual crime" is a term that identifies a multitude of possible

offenses towards an individual or community that relate directly or
 indirectly to sex. Some of the most common sexual crimes include
child abuse, indecent exposure, incest, rape, and *voyeurism. There
are many manifestations of each of these crimes.

• Voyeurism is the act of looking (spying) that produces excitement

and not the fact of maintaining a sexual relationship with the person
being observed.
Modalities
CONSENT
• An important factor in considering whether or not a sexual crime has been committed is
the issue of consent.
• Consent refers to the act of giving permission with full awareness of the consequences.
In some cases the victim is able but unwilling to consent to sexual contact, as is the case
with almost all crimes committed by strangers (except those involving sex workers, in
which consenting to sexual contact with strangers is part of the crime). of the job
description). However, strangers do not commit most sexual crimes; most are committed
by Most are committed by an acquaintance, a friend, a relative or even a partner. In
other cases, the victim is willing but unable to consent, as occurs when the victim is too
young or affected by drugs, alcohol, or some mental defect.
Age
• Age is a factor that influences consent when the victim is legally considered too young to consent.
That is, many societies maintain that their citizens must reach a minimum age before they are
considered mature enough, sufficiently informed, or simply aware to sign contracts, make
medical decisions for themselves, and consent to sexual activity. These things, and many others,
require informed consent in various ways.
• Many men find themselves involved in accusations of "statutory rape." These are crimes of
"consensual" sex between a person (in most cases, a woman) who is not of the legal age of
consent with someone (in most cases, a man) who is of the legal age of consent. consent. often
the male) who is of legal age to consent to sexual relations.
• Drugs and alcohol
• Alcohol is a drug; It is a substance that causes a physiological change when it enters the body. We
mention both drugs and alcohol in our discussion only because students, along with many
professionals, would not include alcohol as a drug if we used only the term drugs.
• In some cases, drugs are intentionally, but surreptitiously, given to the victim by the offender to
facilitate rape. In fact, there are many different types of "date rape" drugs, such as sedatives,
sleeping pills, etc.
• All of them can incapacitate victims, induce sleep, and cause memory loss, depending on the type
and dosage. This creates a higher risk environment wherever such activity occurs, especially
within large groups of strangers (for example, bars and certain types of parties).
Physical or mental disability
• In many jurisdictions, it is a crime to have sexual contact with a person who is incapable
of giving consent by reason of being physically or mentally incapacitated. Physical or
mental disability refers to any physical or mental illness or defect that causes a
 permanent state of inability to rationally assess the nature of one's own behavior.
• An example of a physical disability that prevents the possibility of consent is being in a
coma, and there are many cases in which healthcare personnel have been accused and
convicted of raping patients in various coma rooms. of coma. An example of a mental
disability that precludes the possibility of consent is mental retardation (or
developmental disability), which is accompanied by a below-average IQ and low
cognitive functioning.

TYPES OF SEXUAL CRIMES

• Sex offenders are varied, each with their own constellation of behaviors, motives, and capabilities
that exist on a broad continuum of intensity and severity.
• Some offenders have a fixation or preference, with a long-term pathological attraction to deviant
sexual behavior dating back to adolescence. Others may be called regressive, the deviance being
a temporary or experiential interest in response to anxiety, conflict, stress, or crisis in their adult
relationships.
Rape/sexual assault
• Depending on the legal jurisdiction, the terms rape and sexual assault may be used
almost interchangeably, but this is criminologically inappropriate. Rape is non-
consensual sexual penetration. It is a form of sexual assault, a term that generally refers
to any non-consensual sexual contact. Therefore, it is possible for a victim to be sexually
assaulted without being raped (penetrated). In neither case is force or evidence of force
required, only criminal intent on the part of the aggressor and the absence of consent on
the part of the victim.
• Like the crime of homicide, there are often different degrees of rape or sexual assault,
with increasing levels of severity and associated penalties, explicitly defined in criminal
statutes. There are too many variations to recount here, so you are encouraged to
consult Guatemalan criminal law.
• The reason is the emotional, psychological and material needs that drive and are
 satisfied by the behavior.
• Intention is the goal that guides behavior.
• The motive is the general need, and the intention is the specific plan.
• Many rapes are committed to satisfy the rapist's emotional or psychological need
to express power, anger, or sadistic desire (for typologies of rapists, see Groth,
1979; McKibbin et al., 2008; and Turvey, 2008).
• Profit may also be an add-on, as creating an opportunity to rob the victim may
play a role. In these cases, power, anger, sadism, and profit are the possible
motives (with no clear line between them), and rape is the intent.
Child sexual abuse

• Child sexual abuse is a particular subclass of sexual assault, which refers to "any
 sexual contact with a child or adolescent below the age of consent" (Torres and
van der Walt, 2009; p. 433). It includes a wide spectrum of sexual crimes, from
incest to pedophilia, and represents the largest percentage of convicted sexual
offenders (Lindsay et al., 2004).
• Despite continued societal concern about "stranger danger," the greatest threat
to children continues to come from people they know and are assumed to trust.
This is discussed in Torres and van der Walt (2009,

Zoophilia
• Zoophilia, also known as zooerasty, refers to any sexual act with an
animal, while preferential bestiality refers to "a clear preference for
having sexual relations with animals" (Earls and Lalumiere, 2009, p.
 605).
• In some jurisdictions, zoophilia, or the mistreatment and cruelty of
animals, are crimes in their own right. In others, bestiality may be
treated as a property crime, and the offender may be charged only
with criminal trespass.
• It should be noted that, historically, zoophilia has been treated as an
extremely rare phenomenon without a large number of preferred
offenders. Case studies of curious and inexperienced rural teenagers
abound.
• However, the Internet has provided researchers with a valuable tool
to investigate the topic with greater precision and insight. As
explained in Earls and Lalumiere (2009, p. 607)
Voyeurism
• It is one of many non-contact sexual crimes, such as public masturbation and sexual
harassment. It refers to a sexual interest or the practice of spying on people engaging in
intimate or private behaviors, such as undressing, performing sexual acts, urinating, or
defecating. This includes "perpetrators who look through windows in hopes of seeing
people in various states of undress; who take photos of others in bathrooms; and who
view others in locker rooms without their knowledge" (Torres and van der Walt, 2009, p.
• Definitions of voyeurism in a clinical sense have not kept pace with culture and
technology, given the rise of sexually themed television programs and the ease with
which voyeurism-oriented pornography can be viewed, even unintentionally. oriented
towards voyeurism can be seen, even unintentionally, on the Internet.
• Metzle (2004, p. 127) explains that: he defines voyeurism as the practice of
looking specifically at “unsuspecting individuals, usually strangers, who are naked,
 in the process of undressing, or engaged in sexual activity.”
• And psychiatry textbooks use terms that further modify the diagnosis based on
the content of voyeuristic acts, such as "pictophilic voyeurism" and its reliance on
"viewing images or tapes." or pornographic videos".
• However, the evidence also suggests that the notion of voyeurism has limited
relevance in a world where it is sometimes difficult to distinguish paraphiliacs
who require psychiatric interventions from the many amateurs who simply watch
VTV programs.
fetish theft
• As mentioned above, a sexual fetish is the attribution of erotic or sexual meaning to a non-sexual
inanimate object or non-sexual body part. As explained in Lowenstein (2002, p. 136), "among the
objects frequently sought as fetishists are shoes, bras and panties, etc.
• It should be noted that fetish thieves prefer used objects and clothing. That is, they cannot simply buy
perfume, clothes or other items in the store to satisfy their desires in private. The items must have
 been previously owned, touched, or otherwise possessed by someone (often a specific person) for the
acquisition to have greater significance. However, it is not necessary for the items taken to be dirty or
recently used, as many fetish thieves take clothes, for example, directly from clotheslines or public
dryers (Gebhard et al., 1965).
• These individuals are often shy and socially withdrawn. They may be ashamed of their dependence on
their particular fetish and therefore try to keep their fetish a secret."
Necrophilia
• Necrophilia refers to a persistent sexual arousal associated with the dead, or
sexual activity with the dead.
• Necrophilia comes to public consciousness in two ways. Firstly, it is often
revealed as a complement to the activities of sexual murderers who sexually
violate the corpses of their victims. Sometimes this becomes sexual, and
sometimes it is done out of anger-motivated humiliation at the corpse of
 someone the attacker knows. from someone the criminal knows.
• Second, necrophilia is often revealed as part of a funeral home scandal, where
current or former employees are discovered to have been committing sexual acts
on the bodies in their care.
Prostitution/solicitation/sex trafficking
• In many jurisdictions, it is a crime to offer money for sex, receive
money for sex, transport people across borders for the purposes of
prostitution (also known as trafficking), or live off the earnings of a
prostitute.
• In other words, it is often a crime to be a prostitute, to solicit the
services of a prostitute, to traffic in prostitution, to traffic in
 prostitutes, or to "pimp" out to them. This is by no means universal,
as there are legalized forms of prostitution in many countries, usually
restricted to a specific area.
Development Problems
• According to the research and literature review conducted by Beauregard et al. (2004), three
factors are found that are systematically associated with the sexual preferences of rapists.
• They are described as (p. 158) "a sexually inappropriate family environment, the use of
pornography during childhood and adolescence, and deviant sexual fantasies during childhood
and adolescence."
• A sexually inappropriate home environment refers to one that involves (e.g. 155) "(1) witnessing
incestuous behavior within the family; (2) being a victim of incestuous behavior; and (3)
witnessing promiscuous sex within the family." The convergence of these circumstances creates a
perfect basis for the development and encouragement of deviant sexual preferences through
 modeling and vicarious learning. These preferences are reinforced by a cycle of fantasy,
pornography or sexual use, and the physical gratification and chemical release achieved during
masturbation.
Female sex offenders
• There are by far more male than female sex offenders, and males are by far more
aggressive. However, it must be admitted that cultural values have played a role in this
case. Women are traditionally seen as victims, and men as aggressors.
• If a man passing by an apartment stops to watch a woman undressing in front of the
window, the man is arrested as a voyeur. If a woman passing by an apartment stops to
watch a man undress in front of the window, the man is arrested as an indecent
exposureist.
• The essence of the matter is simply that women are less prone to behavior that offends
society, and society refuses to be offended by acts committed by women that, if
committed by men, would lead to arrest and conviction.
Sexual crimes and communication technology

• Technology does not cause sexual crimes, but it can facilitate them. That is,
technology is morally neutral.
• A gun, pepper spray, and handcuffs attached to a law enforcement officer's
belt serve one purpose, while the same tools in a rapist's kit may serve
another purpose. A database of names, addresses, and emails is one thing
for an old college friend, another for a salesperson, and another for a sex
offender.
• Computer technology, the Internet, and virtual worlds are the same as any
other tool or environment: they are ripe for abuse by those with criminal
intent.
Virtual worlds and exploitation
• As explained in Hughes (2002, p. 127), there is no shortage of those willing to use the Internet, and related
communications technology, for the sexual exploitation of various victim populations:

• New communication and information technologies have created a global revolution in communications,
access to information and the dissemination of media. These new communications and information are
facilitating the sexual exploitation of women and girls locally, nationally and transnationally. The sexual
exploitation of women and children is a global human rights crisis that is intensifying with the use of new
technologies.
• Using new technologies, sexual predators and pimps prey on women and children. New technical innovations
Technical innovations facilitate the sexual exploitation of women and children because they allow millions of
images and videos of sexual exploitation of women and children to be easily bought, sold and exchanged.
These technologies allow sexual predators to harm or exploit women and children efficiently and
anonymously.
Sexting as a crime
• Let's consider the legal and social issues surrounding the current practice of
"sexting": having explicit sexual conversations on mobile phones via text
messages, with equally explicit images and even videos added to enhance the
narrative. Sometimes it is a welcome form of courtship and intimacy; sometimes
it is an unwanted intrusion into privacy; and sometimes it is a crime, regardless of
the intent.
THANK YOU