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    Health Psychology History and Tasks

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    Health psychology emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Division 38 of the American Psychological Association was created in 1978 to promote this new area. Health psychology focuses on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness, and applying this knowledge to improve health and the health care system.

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    Health Psychology History and Tasks

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    Health psychology emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Division 38 of the American Psychological Association was created in 1978 to promote this new area. Health psychology focuses on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness, and applying this knowledge to improve health and the health care system.

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    Health psychology emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Division 38 of the American Psychological Association was created in 1978 to promote this new area. Health psychology focuses on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness, and applying this knowledge to improve health and the health care system.

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    Health psychology emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Division 38 of the American Psychological Association was created in 1978 to promote this new area. Health psychology focuses on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness, and applying this knowledge to improve health and the health care system.

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    Health Psychology History and Tasks

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    Health psychology emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Division 38 of the American Psychological Association was created in 1978 to promote this new area. Health psychology focuses on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness, and applying this knowledge to improve health and the health care system.

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    of 26

    FEDERICO VILLARREAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

    FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY

    Dr. WENCESLAO FLORES


    GIRALDO

    THE PSYCHOLOGY OF HEALTH


    INTEREST IN HEALTH
    Psychologists have been interested in health issues since the
    early years of the 20th century (Rodin & Stone, 1987; Stone,
    1977).
    Some psychologists (Stanley Hall in 1904 or William James in
    1922) addressed health issues in their writings.
    YO. Historical background
    T he term and the name of "health psychology" as a singular activity, arises in
    the American Psychological Association (APA).
    In 1969, W. Schofield published an article in the journal American Psychologist ,
    stating that only about 9%. Of 4,700 articles published between 1966 and 1967 in
    the Psychological Abstract referred to topics not traditionally included within
    the field of mental health; underlines the little presence of psychology in the
    field of health services, "in number and technology" compared to that of other
    health professionals.
    @ The APA organized a working group on health research in 1973,
    coordinated by Schofield.

    Conclusion: American psychologists have not been interested in


    the problems of health and illness as fruitful areas for both basic
    and applied research activity; They have not realized the benefits
    of health maintenance, disease prevention and the care delivery
    system.
    CREATION OF DIVISION 38 OF THE APA
    In 1978 , coordinated meetings held by Weiss, Matarazzo and
    Stone, members of the Section, the Network and others, raised a
    petition to achieve Division status at the APA meeting that year in
    Toronto, and the constitution was approved. of the Division of
    Health Psychology (Division 38), whose fundamental objectives
    are the following:
    OBJECTIVES OF APA DIVISION 38
    1. Promote the contributions of psychology as a discipline interested
    in understanding health and illness through basic and clinical
    research;
    2. Encourage the integration of biomedical information about health
    and disease with current psychological knowledge;
    3. Inform the scientific and professional community, as well as the
    general public, of the main results of research and the activities and
    services in this area.
    4. Facilitate and promote the training of professionals and the creation
    of specialized services in health psychology.
    CONSTITUTED HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

    In September 1979, Joseph Matarazzo delivers the presidential


    address of the Division of Health Psychology at the American
    Psychological Association meeting in New York.
    Likewise, Stone, Cohen and Adler published the first book with the
    title Health Psychology.
    In January 1982, the first issue of the health psychology magazine
    (Health Psychology) appeared.
    PRACTICES TO TRAIN CUTTING-EDGE PEOPLE - II

    In 1983, the First North American Conference took place (which


    was also the first to be held worldwide) on the formation and
    training of health psychologists, giving a set of guidelines for the
    training of specialists in Health Psychology, and Postgraduate
    programs will be developed in this field.

    ® In July 1983, the XIX Congress of the Inter-American Society of


    Psychology was held in Quito, creating a Working Group on
    Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, thus beginning in
    Latin America.
    FACTORS THAT PROMOTED THE CREATION OF
    THE PSYCHOLOGY OF HEALTH

    ® Change in the conception of the terms of


    health and having good health
    ® Questioning the biomedical model
    ® The change in disease patterns

    ® Economic issues
    ® Behavioral technology
    First International Symposium on Health Psychology

    In 1984, sponsored by the Inter-American Society of Psychology, the


    National Group of Psychology and the Cuban Society of Psychology of the
    Cuban Health, WHO and PAHO, First Symposium was held
    International Health Psychology in Havana – Cuba.
    The topics addressed were:
    1. Reproduction, sexuality and sexual roles.
    2. Psychology and collective health.
    3. Stress and social support.
    4. Psychological care for chronically ill patients.
    5. Prenatal care.
    6. Drug and alcohol addiction
    7. Psychological pathologies and their social dimension.
    8. Health services.
    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY IN PERU
    In Peru, various Universities, including UNMSM, UNFV and the
    Women's University, have modified their master's degree programs,
    and there are majors in Clinical and Health Psychology.
    In addition, various Faculties and Schools of Psychology have
    included the Health Psychology course in their curricular plan. The
    San Martín de Porres University has created the second specialty in
    Health Psychology.
    CONCEPTS OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

    The World Health Organization (WHO, 1964) defines health as: "a
    state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
    merely the absence of disease or infirmity." This definition highlights
    the biopsychosocial nature of health and shows that health is more
    than the absence of disease.
    Sarafino (1990), Field of psychology introduced in the late 1970s to
    examine the causes of disease and study ways to promote and
    maintain health, prevent and treat disease, and improve the
    healthcare system .
    DELIMITATION OF THE PS FIELD. OF THE HEALTH
    Simón (1993), confluence of the specific contributions of the various
    areas of psychological knowledge (clinical psychology, basic
    psychology, social psychology, psychobiology), both to the promotion
    and maintenance of health and to the prevention and treatment of
    disease.

    Marks (1995), the application of psychology to health, health problems


    and health care for its promotion, maintenance and restoration.

    Taylor (1995), field of psychology dedicated to understanding the


    psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become
    ill, and how they respond when they are ill.
    DELIMITATION OF THE PS FIELD. OF THE HEALTH
    DELIMITATION OF THE PS FIELD. OF THE
    HEALTH

    1. Behavioral medicine:
    70s, defined by its Conference Foundational of Yale (1977) As the
    interdisciplinary field referring to the development and
    integration of the
    knowledge and techniques of biomedical and behavioral sciences relevant to
    health and disease, and the application of that knowledge and techniques to
    prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. The term behavioral
    medicine is an interdisciplinary field of research, education and practice,
    referring to physical health/disease, which brings together elements from
    behavioral science, such as psychology and sociology, or anthropology, and
    health education, but also epidemiology, physiology, pharmacology, nutrition,
    neuroanatomy, endocrinology, immunology, dentistry, internal medicine,
    nursing, social work and public health among others, to collaborate in health
    care and in the treatment and prevention of diseases. .
    DELIMITATION OF THE PS FIELD. OF THE HEALTH
    2. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY:
    Set of actions on subjects who present psychological problems or disorders. It
    is the establishment of a relationship between the psychologist and his patient
    with a dimension of support and help, through knowledge and psychological
    performance.
    APA: It is applied psychology that aims to determine the capabilities and
    characteristics of the individual's behavior by resorting to methods of
    measurement, analysis and observation, and that, based on an integration of
    these results with the data obtained through the physical examination and social
    stories, offers suggestions for the appropriate adaptation of the subject.
    It is applied to the traditional field of psychological intervention: emotional
    disorders (mainly anxiety and depression). It is the traditional field of
    psychological disorders, which coincides with psychiatric disorders. In addition,
    intervention in other mental problems should be included, such as
    schizophrenia, rehabilitation of chronic patients, etc.
    DELIMITATION OF THE PS FIELD. OF THE HEALTH
    3.Community psychology:
    Understanding, explaining and solving problems from a
    supra-individual (social-community) point of view, focusing
    their actions preferably on change and improvement of the
    environment.
    It emerges as an alternative to clinical psychology, oriented
    towards the understanding and resolution of certain
    problems or pathologies with a strong socio-environmental
    component (drug addiction, marginalization, crime,
    prostitution, etc.) with the approach at supra-individual or
    community levels, with the aim of the improvement of
    environments and social resources and the increase of
    personal skills and competencies in pursuit of a better
    quality of life in the community .
    4. Health Psychology:
    “It is the sum of the specific professional, scientific
    and educational contributions of psychology as a
    discipline, for the promotion and maintenance of
    health, the prevention and treatment of disease, the
    identification of the etiological and diagnostic
    correlates of health, disease and the associated
    dysfunction, in addition to the improvement of the
    health system and the formulation of a health
    policy. "
    Matarazzo (1980)
    CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
    1. It orients its actions towards the individual as well as the set of
    institutions and forces that are related to health. (Stone, 1983)
    2. It is fundamentally inclined towards health promotion and disease
    prevention.
    3. It is interested in promoting research aimed at understanding how
    behavioral factors contribute to health and developing appropriate
    strategies for their evaluation and control or modification.
    4. He is interested in analyzing and improving health policies and the health
    care system.
    SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
    GROUP 1: PROMOTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH.
    • Health education
    • Control of motivational and emotional attitudes
    • Generation of healthy habits and lifestyles
    • Learning basic skills and abilities
    • Actions towards environmental health.
    GROUP 2: PREVENTION
    • Control of attitudinal, motivational and affective-emotional risk
    variables
    • Modification of risk behaviors and habits
    • Modification of pathogenic or unhealthy conditions in the
    environment.
    • Early detection and intervention in the face of problems and reduction
    of the sequelae or consequences of the disease
    • Relapse prevention.
    SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
    GROUP 3: EVALUATION, TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DISORDERS
    • Cardiovascular disorders
    • From the central nervous system
    • Neuromuscular
    • Gastrointestinal
    • sexual
    • Food
    • Addictives, etc.
    GROUP 4: ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM AND CARE
    • Enhancement of care by other health professionals.
    • Preparation of patients for hospitalization and surgical interventions
    • Improvement in the professional-user relationship in the health system
    • Improvement to medical treatments
    GROUP 5: TRAINING
    • Training actions for professionals and paraprofessionals
    • Health management tasks.
    AREA TASKS EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES

    Basic investigation • Study of affective-emotional factors in organs and body


    Applied research systems
    INVESTIGATION • Investigation of the ways in which stress acts on
    immunity
    • Development of a program for the behavioral evaluation
    of myopia
    • Development of a program for the prevention of
    schizophrenia.
    • Evaluation of physiological dysfunctions
    Assessment
    • Program evaluation

    Health promotion • Information programs


    • Improving environmental health
    Disease prevention Treatment and • Myopia prevention programs
    rehabilitation • Stress prevention programs
    • Physical exercise programs for obese people
    APPLIED
    Advice and advice • Rehabilitation programs for spinal cord injuries
    • Design of health promotion programs
    Analysis and improvement of the • Advice and supervision of professionals
    system and healthcare • Preparation for surgical interventions
    • Improved adherence to medical treatments

    • Training • Training programs for doctors


    • Paraprofessional training programs
    • Hospital Management
    • Management
    • Resource management

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