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    1 - 3rd Year - Industrial Chemistry-I

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    Habtamu mullu Biadgo
    The document discusses the occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and compounds of scandium and titanium. Scandium is rare and often extracted from waste residues, while titanium is more abundant and extracted from rutile using reducing agents. Scandium forms trivalent ions and its compounds include scandium oxide and scandium-aluminum alloys. Titanium forms tetravalent ions and its compounds include titanium dioxide and titanium alloys used in aerospace and medical implants.

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    1 - 3rd Year - Industrial Chemistry-I

    Uploaded by

    Habtamu mullu Biadgo
    9 views1 page
    The document discusses the occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and compounds of scandium and titanium. Scandium is rare and often extracted from waste residues, while titanium is more abundant and extracted from rutile using reducing agents. Scandium forms trivalent ions and its compounds include scandium oxide and scandium-aluminum alloys. Titanium forms tetravalent ions and its compounds include titanium dioxide and titanium alloys used in aerospace and medical implants.

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    Industrial best note

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    1_3rd Year_Industrial Chemistry-I (1)

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    The document discusses the occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and compounds of scandium and titanium. Scandium is rare and often extracted from waste residues, while titanium is more abundant and extracted from rutile using reducing agents. Scandium forms trivalent ions and its compounds include scandium oxide and scandium-aluminum alloys. Titanium forms tetravalent ions and its compounds include titanium dioxide and titanium alloys used in aerospace and medical implants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views1 page

    1 - 3rd Year - Industrial Chemistry-I

    Uploaded by

    Habtamu mullu Biadgo
    The document discusses the occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and compounds of scandium and titanium. Scandium is rare and often extracted from waste residues, while titanium is more abundant and extracted from rutile using reducing agents. Scandium forms trivalent ions and its compounds include scandium oxide and scandium-aluminum alloys. Titanium forms tetravalent ions and its compounds include titanium dioxide and titanium alloys used in aerospace and medical implants.

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    Certainly! Let’s explore the chemistry of scandium and titanium:

    1. Occurrence and Extraction:

    Scandium (Sc):
    Scandium is a rare-earth element found in association with other elements in
    ores such as titanium ores, bauxite ores, rare earth ores, uranium ores, and
    niobium ores.
    Independent scandium deposits are rare, and it generally does not participate in
    the extraction processes of these elements.
    Recovering scandium from waste water and waste residues (e.g., titanium
    dioxide waste acid) is often more economical than direct extraction from ores.
    Titanium (Ti):
    Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal on Earth.
    It is primarily extracted from rutile (TiO2) using alternative reducing agents like
    sodium or magnesium.
    The presence of TiC (titanium carbide) makes direct reduction with carbon
    impractical.

    2. Reactivity:

    Scandium:
    Scandium chemistry resembles that of other rare-earth elements in oxidation
    state +3.
    Titanium:
    Titanium forms Ti(IV) ions by losing its two 3d and two 4s electrons.
    These highest oxidation states are the most stable forms of titanium.

    3. Compounds:

    Scandium Compounds:
    Scandium oxide (Sc2O3) is used in ceramics and optical coatings.
    Scandium-aluminum alloys enhance high-temperature grain growth control.
    Titanium Compounds:
    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in pigments, sunscreen, and
    photocatalysis.
    Titanium alloys (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V) find applications in aerospace, medical implants,
    and chemical industries .

    Feel free to ask for more details or specific compounds! 😊

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