June 2021 QP

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F
GCSE
COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY
Foundation Tier
Chemistry Paper 2F
Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator
1
• the periodic table (enclosed).
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
4
• Pencil should only be used for drawing.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 5
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 6
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 7
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be TOTAL
marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
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0 1 Fresh water contains low levels of dissolved salts. box
Water reacts with anhydrous copper sulfate in a reversible reaction.
The word equation for the reaction is:
water + anhydrous copper sulfate ⇌ hydrated copper sulfate
0 1 . 1 How does the equation show that the reaction is reversible?

[1 mark]
0 1 . 2 Complete the sentences.
Choose answers from the box.

[2 marks]
blue green orange white yellow
The colour of anhydrous copper sulfate is .
The colour of hydrated copper sulfate is .
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0 1 . 3 Figure 1 shows anhydrous copper sulfate in a sealed container. box
Figure 1
Suggest one reason why anhydrous copper sulfate is kept in a sealed container.
[1 mark]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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Sodium chloride dissolves in water to form sodium chloride solution. box
0 1 . 4 Draw one line from each substance to the description of the substance.
[2 marks]
Substance Description of substance
Compound
Sodium chloride solution
Element
Hydrocarbon
Water
Mixture
0 1 . 5 Name the process used to obtain solid sodium chloride from

sodium chloride solution.
[1 mark]
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0 1 . 6 Two processes used to obtain potable water from fresh water are: box
• filtering
• sterilising.
Give one reason why each process is used.

[2 marks]
Filtering
Sterilising
0 1 . 7 Which type of water is the easiest to obtain potable water from?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Ground water
Salt water
Waste water
0 1 . 8 Which of the following is the first stage of waste water treatment?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Aerobic biological treatment of effluent
Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Screening and removal of grit 11
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There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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0 2 Cars cause atmospheric pollution. box
0 2 . 1 Figure 2 shows the percentage of cars in the UK using different energy sources.
Figure 2
The percentage of cars using petrol is 54%.
Draw the bar for petrol on Figure 2.

[1 mark]
Turn over ►
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Some car emissions contain nitrogen dioxide. box
Table 1 shows the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air in three different areas
for 1 week.
Table 1
Concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air

in arbitrary units
Day City centre Countryside Motorway
Monday 35 8 22
Tuesday 37 8 23
Wednesday 37 8 23
Thursday 34 8 23
Friday 37 8 23
Saturday 29 7 20
Sunday 22 6 17
0 2 . 2 Which column of data has the greatest range?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
City centre
Countryside
Motorway
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0 2 . 3 Explain why the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air is lower on Sunday. box
[2 marks]
0 2 . 4 Calculate the mean value for the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air in the
city centre for the days from Monday to Friday.
Use Table 1.
[2 marks]
Mean value for concentration of nitrogen dioxide = arbitrary units
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Nitrogen dioxide is removed from car emissions by catalytic converters. box
0 2 . 5 Which two of the following are correct statements about catalysts?

[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.
Catalysts are included in the chemical equation for a reaction.
Catalysts are not used up in a reaction.
Catalysts decrease the surface area of the reactants.
Catalysts increase the concentration of the reactants.
Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction.
0 2 . 6 The catalyst in catalytic converters contains platinum.
Platinum is an unreactive metal obtained from the Earth’s crust.
Complete the sentence.
Choose the answer from the box.

[1 mark]
finite resource formulation renewable resource
Platinum is a .
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0 2 . 7 Emissions from cars that burn fossil fuels contain carbon dioxide. box
What is used to test for carbon dioxide?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Burning splint
Glowing splint
Limewater 10
Turn over for the next question
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0 3 An increase in greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere causes an increase box
in global temperature.
0 3 . 1 An increase in global temperature is a major cause of climate change.
Give two effects of global climate change.

[2 marks]
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. box
Figure 3 shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere

from 1750.
Figure 3
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0 3 . 2 Describe the trend in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the box
Earth’s atmosphere from 1750 to 2000.
Use Figure 3.
[2 marks]
0 3 . 3 Determine the change in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the

Earth’s atmosphere from 1950 to 2000.
Use Figure 3.
[2 marks]
Percentage of carbon dioxide in 1950
Percentage of carbon dioxide in 2000
Change in percentage of carbon dioxide = %
0 3 . 4 Give one reason why the percentage of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere is changing.
[1 mark]
0 3 . 5 Predict the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere in 2050.
You should extend the graph line on Figure 3.

[2 marks]
9
Percentage of carbon dioxide in 2050 = %
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0 4 This question is about the atmospheres of Earth and Mars. box
0 4 . 1 Earth’s early atmosphere may have been like the atmosphere of Mars today.
Why are scientists not certain about the percentage of gases in the
Earth’s early atmosphere?
[1 mark]
0 4 . 2 What was formed from the water vapour in the Earth’s early atmosphere?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Crude oil
Limestone
Natural gas
Oceans
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0 4 . 3 The Earth’s atmosphere today consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. box
Draw one line from each gas to what produced the gas.
[2 marks]
Gas What produced the gas
Algae
Animals
Nitrogen
Fossils
Oxygen
Oceans
Volcanoes
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Table 2 shows the percentage of some gases in the atmospheres of box
Earth and Mars.
Table 2
Percentage of gas in atmosphere (%)

Gas
Earth Mars
Argon 0.9 1.9
Carbon dioxide 0.04 95
Nitrogen 78 2.6
Oxygen 21 0.2
0 4 . 4 Why are animals not able to live on Mars?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
The atmosphere of Mars does not contain enough argon.
The atmosphere of Mars does not contain enough nitrogen.
The atmosphere of Mars does not contain enough oxygen.
0 4 . 5 There is more carbon dioxide on Mars than on Earth.
Which other gas is found in larger quantities on Mars than on Earth?

[1 mark]
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0 4 . 6 Calculate how many times more nitrogen than oxygen there is in the box
atmosphere of Earth.
Use Table 2.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3 marks]
Number of times more nitrogen than oxygen (2 significant figures) = 9
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0 5 Industries use the Earth’s resources to produce useful products. box
0 5 . 1 Figure 4 shows the world population and the world production of copper between
1900 and 2020.
Figure 4
How does the change in the world population compare with the world production
of copper?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
As population decreased, copper production increased.
As population increased, copper production decreased.
As population increased, copper production increased.
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Copper is produced from copper ore and from recycling waste copper. box
0 5 . 2 The energy needed to produce 1 kg of copper from copper ore is 70 MJ.
The energy needed to produce 1 kg of recycled copper is 27 MJ.
Calculate the energy saved if 100 kg of copper is produced from recycled copper and
not from copper ore.
[3 marks]
Energy saved = MJ
0 5 . 3 Producing copper from recycling waste copper reduces emissions of sulfur dioxide.
Why is reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide important?

[1 mark]
0 5 . 4 Copper is used to make coins.
A coin of mass 8 g contains 75% copper.
Calculate the mass of copper in the coin.

[2 marks]
Mass of copper = g
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0 5 . 5 Iron and glass are both produced from the Earth’s resources. box
Some processes can reduce the use of limited resources.
Draw one line from the description of the process to the name of the process.
[2 marks]
Description of process Name of process
Extraction
Scrap steel is added to Quarrying

iron from a blast furnace
Reacting
A glass bottle is refilled

Recycling
Reusing
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0 5 . 6 Life cycle assessments are used to assess the environmental impact of producing box
iron nails and glass bottles.
There are four stages, A, B, C and D, in a life cycle assessment.
The stages are not in the correct order.
Stage A Disposal
Stage B Extracting and processing raw materials
Stage C Manufacturing and packaging
Stage D Use and operation
What is the correct order of stages A, B, C, and D?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
C, D, B, A
D, B, C, A
B, C, D, A 10
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0 6 A student investigated the reaction between magnesium and box
excess hydrochloric acid.
Figure 5 shows the apparatus.
Figure 5
This is the method used.
1. Pour 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid into a conical flask.
2. Add a piece of magnesium.
3. Insert stopper and delivery tube and start a timer.
4. Collect the gas produced in a gas syringe.
5. Record the volume of gas produced every 20 seconds for 2 minutes.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 with higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid.
0 6 . 1 Give the independent variable and one control variable in this investigation.
[2 marks]
Independent variable
Control variable
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Table 3 shows the results from the first experiment using hydrochloric acid with a box
low concentration.
Table 3
Time in seconds 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Volume of gas in cm3 0 48 72 90 97 98 98
0 6 . 2 Complete Figure 6.
You should:
• plot the data from Table 3 (the point 0,0 has been plotted for you)
• draw a line of best fit.
[3 marks]
Figure 6
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0 6 . 3 How does the rate of this reaction change with time? box
Use Table 3.
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
The rate decreases.
The rate stays the same.
The rate increases.
0 6 . 4 The student repeated the experiment using hydrochloric acid with

a higher concentration.
Which statement is correct?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
The activation energy for the reaction was higher.
The magnesium reacted more quickly.
The reaction finished at the same time.
The total volume of gas collected was smaller.
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0 6 . 5 Temperature also affects the rate of the reaction. box
Explain how increasing the temperature affects the rate of the reaction.
You should refer to particles and collisions.

[3 marks]
10
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0 7 Crude oil is a resource found in rocks. box
Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.
0 7 . 1 Complete the sentence.

[1 mark]
Crude oil is formed by the decomposition of .
0 7 . 2 Alkanes are hydrocarbons.
Give the name of the alkane molecule that has three carbon atoms.
[1 mark]
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0 7 . 3 Figure 7 shows two alkane molecules. box
Figure 7
Table 4 shows the melting points and boiling points of methane and hexane.
Table 4
Melting point in °C Boiling point in °C
Methane −183 −162
Hexane −95 69
Compare the structure and properties of methane and hexane.

[6 marks]
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Hydrocarbons are cracked to produce more useful alkanes and alkenes. box
0 7 . 4 Decane (C10H22) is cracked to produce two products.
Complete the equation for the reaction.

[1 mark]
C10H22 → + C2H4
0 7 . 5 C2H4 is an alkene.
What is the test for alkenes?
Give the result of the test if an alkene is present.

[2 marks]
Test
Result
11
END OF QUESTIONS
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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

Water reacts with anhydrous copper sulfate in a reversible reaction.

The word equation for the reaction is:

water + anhydrous copper sulfate ⇌ hydrated copper sulfate

0 1 . 1 How does the equation show that the reaction is reversible?

0 1 . 2 Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

blue green orange white yellow

The colour of anhydrous copper sulfate is .

The colour of hydrated copper sulfate is .

Question 1 continues on the next page

Substance Description of substance

Sodium chloride solution

0 1 . 5 Name the process used to obtain solid sodium chloride from

Give one reason why each process is used.

0 1 . 7 Which type of water is the easiest to obtain potable water from?

0 1 . 8 Which of the following is the first stage of waste water treatment?

Aerobic biological treatment of effluent

Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Screening and removal of grit 11

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

The percentage of cars using petrol is 54%.

Draw the bar for petrol on Figure 2.

Question 2 continues on the next page

Concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air

Day City centre Countryside Motorway

0 2 . 2 Which column of data has the greatest range?

Mean value for concentration of nitrogen dioxide = arbitrary units

Question 2 continues on the next page

0 2 . 5 Which two of the following are correct statements about catalysts?

Catalysts are included in the chemical equation for a reaction.

Catalysts are not used up in a reaction.

Catalysts decrease the surface area of the reactants.

Catalysts increase the concentration of the reactants.

Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction.

0 2 . 6 The catalyst in catalytic converters contains platinum.

Platinum is an unreactive metal obtained from the Earth’s crust.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

finite resource formulation renewable resource

What is used to test for carbon dioxide?

Turn over for the next question

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

0 3 . 1 An increase in global temperature is a major cause of climate change.

Give two effects of global climate change.

Question 3 continues on the next page

Figure 3 shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere

Earth’s atmosphere from 1750 to 2000.

0 3 . 3 Determine the change in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the

Percentage of carbon dioxide in 1950

Percentage of carbon dioxide in 2000

Change in percentage of carbon dioxide = %

0 3 . 4 Give one reason why the percentage of carbon dioxide in the

0 3 . 5 Predict the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere in 2050.

You should extend the graph line on Figure 3.

Gas What produced the gas

Question 4 continues on the next page

Earth and Mars.