Additional mathematics igcse pdf

Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics pdf. Igcse additional mathematics worksheets pdf. Igcse additional mathematics past papers pdf. Cambridge igcse additional mathematics coursebook pdf.
Igcse additional mathematics notes pdf. Igcse additional mathematics practice book pdf. kezugafi Igcse additional mathematics topical past papers pdf. wuhesateli Complete additional mathematics for
cambridge igcse pdf. jusezulunihi Igcse additional mathematics textbook pdf. Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics coursebook pdf.

The third edition of our popular Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level Additional Mathematics series provides full guidance for the updated Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabuses (0606/4037) for examination from 2025. The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a
variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the
Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus. This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037). The series contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s
resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom. Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark Humphries Chris Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta cyan
yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin
M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski. Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk. Production work by Katie Richer,
Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork
by John Martin. Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby CambridgeInternationalExaminations. . Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or
review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. : Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part
VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). xuyunozi For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited.
: The publishers acknowledge the cooperation of Oxford University Press, Australia, for the reproduction of material originally published in textbooks produced in association with Haese Mathematics. While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and publishers apologise for any accidental infringement where
copyright has proved untraceable. They would be pleased to come to a suitable agreement with the rightful owner. : All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of printing. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience that changes of address may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be
accepted by either the authors or the publisher. This book is copyright Copying for educational purposes Acknowledgements Disclaimer 4037 [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: PrintedinChinaby ProlongPress Limited. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow
black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\002CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 14 April 2014 4:48:46 PM BRIAN FOREWORD This book has been written to cover the ‘ ’ and the courses over a one-year period. cuyayetahuboje These syllabuses enable learners to extend the
mathematics skills, knowledge, and understanding developed in the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics courses, and use skills in the context of more advanced techniques. The syllabuses have a Pure Mathematics only content which enables learners to acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject. guhukige
Knowledge of the content of the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics syllabus (or an equivalent syllabus) is assumed. Learners who successfully complete these courses gain lifelong skills, including: This book is an attempt to cover, in one volume, the content outlined in the Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) and syllabuses. The
book can be used as a preparation for GCE Advanced Level Mathematics. The book has been endorsed by Cambridge. To reflect the principles on which the course is based, we have attempted to produce a book and CD package that embraces understanding and problem solving in order to give students different learning experiences. Review
exercises appear at the end of each chapter. Answers are given at the end of the book, followed by an index. The interactive CD contains software (see p. 5), geometry and graphics software, demonstrations and simulations. The CD also contains the text of the book so that students can load it on a home computer and keep the textbook at school.

The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked
solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus. This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037). livokavowe The series
contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom. Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark Humphries Chris
Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski.
Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk. Production work by Katie Richer, Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone:
+61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork by John Martin. Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in
Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby CambridgeInternationalExaminations. . yawusoro Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. : Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it
has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited.
: The publishers acknowledge the cooperation of Oxford University Press, Australia, for the reproduction of material originally published in textbooks produced in association with Haese Mathematics. tutowuzi While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and publishers apologise for any accidental infringement
where copyright has proved untraceable. They would be pleased to come to a suitable agreement with the rightful owner.
: All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of printing. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience that changes of address may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the authors or the publisher. This book is copyright Copying for educational purposes
Acknowledgements Disclaimer 4037 [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: PrintedinChinaby ProlongPress Limited. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100
Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\002CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 14 April 2014 4:48:46 PM BRIAN FOREWORD This book has been written to cover the ‘ ’ and the courses over a one-year period. These syllabuses enable learners to extend the mathematics skills, knowledge, and understanding developed in the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics
courses, and use skills in the context of more advanced techniques. The syllabuses have a Pure Mathematics only content which enables learners to acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject. Knowledge of the content of the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics syllabus (or an equivalent syllabus) is assumed.
Learners who successfully complete these courses gain lifelong skills, including: This book is an attempt to cover, in one volume, the content outlined in the Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) and syllabuses. The book can be used as a preparation for GCE Advanced Level Mathematics. waditopu The book has been endorsed by
Cambridge. To reflect the principles on which the course is based, we have attempted to produce a book and CD package that embraces understanding and problem solving in order to give students different learning experiences. Review exercises appear at the end of each chapter. Answers are given at the end of the book, followed by an index. The
interactive CD contains software (see p. 5), geometry and graphics software, demonstrations and simulations. The CD also contains the text of the book so that students can load it on a home computer and keep the textbook at school. The examinations for Cambridge Additional Mathematics are in the form of two papers. Many of the problems in this
textbook have been written to reflect the style of the examination questions. The questions, worked solutions and comments that appear in the book and CD were written by the authors.
The book can be used as a scheme of work but it is expected that the teacher will choose the order of topics. Exercises in the book range from routine practice and consolidation of basic skills, to problem solving exercises that are quite demanding.

Igcse additional mathematics textbook pdf. Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics coursebook pdf.

The third edition of our popular Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level Additional Mathematics series provides full guidance for the updated Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabuses (0606/4037) for examination from 2025. The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a
variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the
Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus. This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037). The series contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s
resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom. lejihapo Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark Humphries Chris Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta
cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin
M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski. Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk.
Production work by Katie Richer, Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics
First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork by John Martin. cosejiweze Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby CambridgeInternationalExaminations. . Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the
purposes of private study, research, criticism or review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. : Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited. : The
publishers acknowledge the cooperation of Oxford University Press, Australia, for the reproduction of material originally published in textbooks produced in association with Haese Mathematics. While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and publishers apologise for any accidental infringement where
copyright has proved untraceable. They would be pleased to come to a suitable agreement with the rightful owner. : All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of printing. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience that changes of address may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be
accepted by either the authors or the publisher. This book is copyright Copying for educational purposes Acknowledgements Disclaimer 4037 [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: PrintedinChinaby ProlongPress Limited. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow
black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\002CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 14 April 2014 4:48:46 PM BRIAN FOREWORD This book has been written to cover the ‘ ’ and the courses over a one-year period. These syllabuses enable learners to extend the mathematics skills,
knowledge, and understanding developed in the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics courses, and use skills in the context of more advanced techniques. The syllabuses have a Pure Mathematics only content which enables learners to acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject. Knowledge of the content of the
Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics syllabus (or an equivalent syllabus) is assumed. Learners who successfully complete these courses gain lifelong skills, including: This book is an attempt to cover, in one volume, the content outlined in the Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) and syllabuses. The book can be used as a
preparation for GCE Advanced Level Mathematics. The book has been endorsed by Cambridge. To reflect the principles on which the course is based, we have attempted to produce a book and CD package that embraces understanding and problem solving in order to give students different learning experiences.
Review exercises appear at the end of each chapter. Answers are given at the end of the book, followed by an index. The interactive CD contains software (see p. 5), geometry and graphics software, demonstrations and simulations. The CD also contains the text of the book so that students can load it on a home computer and keep the textbook at
school.
The examinations for Cambridge Additional Mathematics are in the form of two papers. Many of the problems in this textbook have been written to reflect the style of the examination questions. The questions, worked solutions and comments that appear in the book and CD were written by the authors. The book can be used as a scheme of work but it
is expected that the teacher will choose the order of topics.

Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics coursebook pdf.

The third edition of our popular Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level Additional Mathematics series provides full guidance for the updated Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabuses (0606/4037) for examination from 2025. The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a
variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the
Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus. This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037). The series contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s
resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom.
Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark Humphries Chris Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50
50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork
by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski. Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk. zoribomumi Production work by Katie Richer, Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond
Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork by John Martin. Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by
Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby CambridgeInternationalExaminations. .

Igcse additional mathematics topical past papers pdf. Complete additional mathematics for cambridge igcse pdf. Igcse additional mathematics textbook pdf. Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics coursebook pdf.

The third edition of our popular Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level Additional Mathematics series provides full guidance for the updated Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabuses (0606/4037) for examination from 2025. The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a
variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the
Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus.
This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037).
The series contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom. Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark
Humphries Chris Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski. Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by
Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk. Production work by Katie Richer, Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia
Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork by John Martin. Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby
CambridgeInternationalExaminations. . Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher. Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. : Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). For information,
contact the Copyright Agency Limited.
: The publishers acknowledge the cooperation of Oxford University Press, Australia, for the reproduction of material originally published in textbooks produced in association with Haese Mathematics. While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and publishers apologise for any accidental infringement where
copyright has proved untraceable. They would be pleased to come to a suitable agreement with the rightful owner. : All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of printing. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience that changes of address may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be
accepted by either the authors or the publisher. This book is copyright Copying for educational purposes Acknowledgements Disclaimer 4037 [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: PrintedinChinaby ProlongPress Limited. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow
black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\002CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 14 April 2014 4:48:46 PM BRIAN FOREWORD This book has been written to cover the ‘ ’ and the courses over a one-year period. These syllabuses enable learners to extend the mathematics skills,
knowledge, and understanding developed in the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics courses, and use skills in the context of more advanced techniques. The syllabuses have a Pure Mathematics only content which enables learners to acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject. Knowledge of the content of the
Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics syllabus (or an equivalent syllabus) is assumed. Learners who successfully complete these courses gain lifelong skills, including: This book is an attempt to cover, in one volume, the content outlined in the Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) and syllabuses. The book can be used as a
preparation for GCE Advanced Level Mathematics. The book has been endorsed by Cambridge. To reflect the principles on which the course is based, we have attempted to produce a book and CD package that embraces understanding and problem solving in order to give students different learning experiences. Review exercises appear at the end of
each chapter. Answers are given at the end of the book, followed by an index. The interactive CD contains software (see p. 5), geometry and graphics software, demonstrations and simulations. The CD also contains the text of the book so that students can load it on a home computer and keep the textbook at school. The examinations for Cambridge
Additional Mathematics are in the form of two papers. Many of the problems in this textbook have been written to reflect the style of the examination questions. The questions, worked solutions and comments that appear in the book and CD were written by the authors. The book can be used as a scheme of work but it is expected that the teacher will
choose the order of topics. Exercises in the book range from routine practice and consolidation of basic skills, to problem solving exercises that are quite demanding. In this changing world of mathematics education, we believe that the contextual approach shown in this book will enhance the students’ understanding, knowledge and appreciation of
mathematics, and its universal application. We welcome your feedback. Email: Web: Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) ‘ ® ’ Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics (0606) Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics (0606) PMH, SHH, MH, CS • • the further development of mathematical concepts and principles an ability to solve
problems, present solutions logically, and interpret results. [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Self Tutor IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\003CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 8 April 2014 10:17:11 AM BRIAN ABOUT THE
AUTHORS Michael Haese completed a BSc at the University of Adelaide, majoring in Infection and Immunity, and Applied Mathematics. He then completed Honours in Applied Mathematics, and a PhD in high speed fluid flows. He has a keen interest in education and a desire to see mathematics come alive in the classroom through its history and
relationship with other subject areas. Michael has been the principal editor for Haese Mathematics since 2008. Sandra Haese completed a BSc at the University of Adelaide, majoring in Pure Mathematics and Statistics. She taught mathematics at Underdale High School and later at Westminster mathematics students at high schools, and Sandra
assumed the role of proof reader. She continues to work for Haese Mathematics as an editor and proof reader, and she produces much of the audio work for the Self Tutor software. In 2007 she was awarded Life Membership of the Mathematics Association of South Australia. Mark Humphries completed an honours degree in Pure Mathematics and an
Economics degree at the University of Adelaide. His mathematical interests include public key cryptography and number theory. He has been working at Haese Mathematics since 2006. Chris Sangwin completed a BA in Mathematics at the University of Oxford, and an MSc and PhD in Mathematics at the University of Bath. He spent thirteen years in
the Mathematics Department at the University of Birmingham, and from 2000 - 2011 was seconded half time to the UK Higher Education Academy “Maths Stats and OR Network” to promote learning and teaching of university mathematics. He was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship in 2006, and is now a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics
Education in the Mathematics Education Centre at Loughborough University. His learning and teaching interests include automatic assessment of mathematics using computer algebra, and problem solving using the Moore method and similar student-centred approaches. School in Adelaide. In 1979, Sandra’s husband Bob Haese began to write
textbooks for IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\004CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 8 April 2014 10:18:39 AM BRIAN The interactive Student CD that comes with this book is designed for those who
wanttoutilisetechnologyinteachingandlearningMathematics.

Igcse additional mathematics practice book pdf. Igcse additional mathematics topical past papers pdf. Complete additional mathematics for cambridge igcse pdf. Igcse additional mathematics textbook pdf. Cambridge igcse and o level additional mathematics coursebook pdf.
The third edition of our popular Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level Additional Mathematics series provides full guidance for the updated Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabuses (0606/4037) for examination from 2025. The series helps your students to develop skills such as problem-solving, reasoning and analysis through a
variety of different features, including activities, projects, discussions, challenge questions and our Cambridge Online Mathematics digital teaching and learning platform. In response to teacher feedback, we have also included a worked solutions manual to support independent learning. Our series prepares your students for further study, such as the
Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus. This series of resources have been developed to accompany the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus (0606/4037). The series contains a student coursebook, supplementary practice book with further exercises for students to attempt, and a supporting teacher’s
resource containing extra materials for teachers to use in the classroom. Page 1 Additional Mathematics Haese Mathematics specialists in mathematics publishing Michael Haese Sandra Haese Mark Humphries Chris Sangwin Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE (0606) ® O Level (4037) IGCSE01 magenta cyan
yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\001CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 1 April 2014 4:59:45 PM BRIAN CAMBRIDGE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (0606) ( ) Michael Haese B.Sc.(Hons.), Ph.D. Sandra Haese B.Sc. Mark Humphries B.Sc.(Hons.) Chris Sangwin
M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Artwork by Brian Houston and Gregory Olesinski.
Fractal artwork on the cover generated using ChaosPro, Computer software by Adrian Blackburn, Ashvin Narayanan, Tim Lee, Linden May, Seth Pink, William Pietsch, and Nicole Szymanczyk. Production work by Katie Richer, Gregory Olesinski, and Anna Rijken. Haese Mathematics 152 Richmond Road, Marleston, SA 5033, AUSTRALIA Telephone:
+61 8 8210 4666, Fax: +61 8 8354 1238 Email: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-42-3 © Haese & Harris Publications 2014 Published by Haese Mathematics First Edition 2014 Cartoon artwork by John Martin. Cover design by Brian Houston. Typeset in Australia by Deanne Gallasch and Charlotte Frost. Typeset in
Times Roman 10. ThistextbookanditsaccompanyingCD havebeenendorsedby CambridgeInternationalExaminations. . Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. : Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it has given a
remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited.
: The publishers acknowledge the cooperation of Oxford University Press, Australia, for the reproduction of material originally published in textbooks produced in association with Haese Mathematics. While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and publishers apologise for any accidental infringement where
copyright has proved untraceable. They would be pleased to come to a suitable agreement with the rightful owner.
: All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of printing. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience that changes of address may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the authors or the publisher.
This book is copyright Copying for educational purposes Acknowledgements Disclaimer 4037 [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: PrintedinChinaby ProlongPress Limited. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0
5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\002CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 14 April 2014 4:48:46 PM BRIAN FOREWORD This book has been written to cover the ‘ ’ and the courses over a one-year period. These syllabuses enable learners to extend the mathematics skills, knowledge, and understanding developed in the
Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics courses, and use skills in the context of more advanced techniques. The syllabuses have a Pure Mathematics only content which enables learners to acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject. Knowledge of the content of the Cambridge IGCSE or O Level Mathematics
syllabus (or an equivalent syllabus) is assumed. Learners who successfully complete these courses gain lifelong skills, including: This book is an attempt to cover, in one volume, the content outlined in the Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) and syllabuses. The book can be used as a preparation for GCE Advanced Level Mathematics.
The book has been endorsed by Cambridge.
To reflect the principles on which the course is based, we have attempted to produce a book and CD package that embraces understanding and problem solving in order to give students different learning experiences. Review exercises appear at the end of each chapter. Answers are given at the end of the book, followed by an index. The interactive
CD contains software (see p. 5), geometry and graphics software, demonstrations and simulations. The CD also contains the text of the book so that students can load it on a home computer and keep the textbook at school. The examinations for Cambridge Additional Mathematics are in the form of two papers. Many of the problems in this textbook
have been written to reflect the style of the examination questions.
The questions, worked solutions and comments that appear in the book and CD were written by the authors. The book can be used as a scheme of work but it is expected that the teacher will choose the order of topics. Exercises in the book range from routine practice and consolidation of basic skills, to problem solving exercises that are quite
demanding. In this changing world of mathematics education, we believe that the contextual approach shown in this book will enhance the students’ understanding, knowledge and appreciation of mathematics, and its universal application. We welcome your feedback. Email: Web: Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics (4037) ‘ ® ’ Cambridge
IGCSE Additional Mathematics (0606) Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics (0606) PMH, SHH, MH, CS • • the further development of mathematical concepts and principles an ability to solve problems, present solutions logically, and interpret results. [email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Self Tutor IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow
black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\003CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 8 April 2014 10:17:11 AM BRIAN ABOUT THE AUTHORS Michael Haese completed a BSc at the University of Adelaide, majoring in Infection and Immunity, and Applied Mathematics. He then
completed Honours in Applied Mathematics, and a PhD in high speed fluid flows. He has a keen interest in education and a desire to see mathematics come alive in the classroom through its history and relationship with other subject areas. Michael has been the principal editor for Haese Mathematics since 2008. Sandra Haese completed a BSc at the
University of Adelaide, majoring in Pure Mathematics and Statistics. She taught mathematics at Underdale High School and later at Westminster mathematics students at high schools, and Sandra assumed the role of proof reader.
She continues to work for Haese Mathematics as an editor and proof reader, and she produces much of the audio work for the Self Tutor software. In 2007 she was awarded Life Membership of the Mathematics Association of South Australia. Mark Humphries completed an honours degree in Pure Mathematics and an Economics degree at the
University of Adelaide. His mathematical interests include public key cryptography and number theory. He has been working at Haese Mathematics since 2006. Chris Sangwin completed a BA in Mathematics at the University of Oxford, and an MSc and PhD in Mathematics at the University of Bath. He spent thirteen years in the Mathematics
Department at the University of Birmingham, and from 2000 - 2011 was seconded half time to the UK Higher Education Academy “Maths Stats and OR Network” to promote learning and teaching of university mathematics. He was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship in 2006, and is now a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics Education in the
Mathematics Education Centre at Loughborough University. His learning and teaching interests include automatic assessment of mathematics using computer algebra, and problem solving using the Moore method and similar student-centred approaches. School in Adelaide. In 1979, Sandra’s husband Bob Haese began to write textbooks for IGCSE01
magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\004CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 8 April 2014 10:18:39 AM BRIAN The interactive Student CD that comes with this book is designed for those who wanttoutilisetechnologyinteachingandlearningMathematics.
The CD icon that appears throughout the book denotes an active link on the CD. Simply click on the icon when running the CD to access a large range of interactive featuresthatincludes: printable worksheets graphing packages demonstrations simulations SELF TUTOR • • • • • revision games • USING THE INTERACTIVE CD Simply ‘click’ on the (or
anywhere in the example box) to access the worked example, with a teacher’s voice explaining each step necessary to reach the answer. Play any line as often as you like.
See how the basic processes come alive using movement and colour on the screen. Ideal for students who have missed lessons or need extra help. Self Tutor SELF TUTOR is an exciting feature of this book. The icon on each worked example denotes an active link on the CD. Self Tutor INTERACTIVE LINK See , , page 209 Chapter 8 The unit circle and
radian measure Example 10 Self Tutor Find the two angles µ on the unit circle, with 0 6 µ 6 2¼, such that: a cos µ = 1 3 b sin µ = 3 4 c tan µ = 2 a cos¡1( 1 3) ¼ 1:23 ) µ ¼ 1:23 or 2¼ ¡ 1:23 ) µ ¼ 1:23 or 5:05 b sin¡1( 3 4) ¼ 0:848 ) µ ¼ 0:848 or ¼ ¡ 0:848 ) µ ¼ 0:848 or 2:29 c tan¡1(2) ¼ 1:11 ) µ ¼ 1:11 or ¼ + 1:11 ) µ ¼ 1:11 or 4:25 x 1 -1 1 y -1 O x
1 -1 1 y -1 Er O x 1 -1 1 y -1 Qe O INTERACTIVE STUDENT CD INTERACTIVE STUDENT CD dem on stra tions • gra p hi ng soft ware • sim ul atio ns • re vi si on g am e s • pr int outs © 2014 Mathematics IGCSE (0606), O Level (4037) ® Cambridge Endorsed by Cambridge International Examinations Self Tutor includes w w w . h a e s e m a t h e m
a ti c s . c o m . a u H a e s e M a t h e m a t i c s Additional IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\005CamAdd_00.cdr Wednesday, 2 April 2014 11:39:53 AM BRIAN SYMBOLS AND NOTATION USED IN THIS BOOK N the set of natural
numbers, f1, 2, 3, ....g Z the set of integers, f0, §1, §2, §3, ....g Z + the set of positive integers, f1, 2, 3, ....g Q the set of rational numbers Q + the set of positive rational numbers, fx 2 Q , x > 0g R the set of real numbers R + the set of positive real numbers, fx 2 R , x > 0g [a, b] the closed interval fx 2 R : a 6 x 6 bg [a, b) the interval fx 2 R : a 6 x < bg
(a, b] the interval fx 2 R : a < x 6 bg (a, b) the open interval fx 2 R : a < x < bg fx1, x2, ....g the set with elements x1, x2, ....
n(A) the number of elements in the finite set A fx : ....
the set of all x such that 2 is an element of =2 is not an element of ?
or f g the empty set U the universal set [ union \ intersection µ is a subset of ½ is a proper subset of * is not a subset of 6½ is not a proper subset of A0 the complement of the set A a 1 n , npa a to the power of 1 n, nth root of a (if a > 0 then npa > 0) a 1 2 , pa a to the power 1 2, square root of a (if a > 0 then pa > 0) jxj the modulus or absolute value of
x, that is ½ x for x > 0, x 2 R ¡x for x < 0, x 2 R ´ identity or is equivalent to ¼ is approximately equal to n! n factorial for n 2 N (0! = 1) ¡ n r ¢ the binomial coefficient n! r!(n ¡ r)! for n, r 2 N , 0 6 r 6 n > is greater than ¸ or > is greater than or equal to < is less than · or 6 is less than or equal to 6 IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75
75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\006CamAdd_00.cdr Friday, 31 January 2014 11:57:28 AM BRIAN 7 nP i=1 ai a1 + a2 + :::: + an f function f f : x 7! y f is a function under which x is mapped to y f(x) the image of x under the function f f¡1 the inverse function of the function f g ± f, gf the
composite function of f and g lim x!a f(x) the limit of f(x) as x tends to a dy dx the derivative of y with respect to x d2y dx2 the second derivative of y with respect to x f 0(x) the derivative of f(x) with respect to x f00(x) the second derivative of f(x) with respect to x R y dx the indefinite integral of y with respect to x R b a y dx the definite integral of y
with respect to x for values of x between a and b e base of natural logarithms ex exponential function of x lg x logarithm of x to base 10 ln x natural logarithm of x loga x logarithm to the base a of x sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot the circular functions A(x, y) the point A in the plane with Cartesian coordinates x and y AB 8 < : the line segment with
endpoints A and B the distance from A to B the line containing points A and B bA the angle at A CbAB the angle between CA and AB 4ABC the triangle whose vertices are A, B, and C a the vector a ¡! AB the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line segment from A to B jaj the magnitude of vector a j ¡! AB j the magnitude of ¡!
AB i, j unit vectors in the directions of the Cartesian coordinate axes M a matrix M M¡1 the inverse of the square matrix M det M the determinant of the square matrix M IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\007CamAdd_00.cdr Friday,
31 January 2014 2:46:05 PM BRIAN 8 Table of contents SYMBOLS AND NOTATION USED IN THIS BOOK 6 1 SETS AND VENN DIAGRAMS 11 2 FUNCTIONS 35 3 QUADRATICS 63 4 SURDS, INDICES, AND EXPONENTIALS 101 A Sets 12 B Interval notation 15 C Relations 17 D Complements of sets 18 E Properties of union and intersection 20 F
Venn diagrams 21 G Numbers in regions 26 H Problem solving with Venn diagrams 28 Review set 1A 31 Review set 1B 33 A Relations and functions 36 B Function notation 40 C Domain and range 43 D The modulus function 46 E Composite functions 49 F Sign diagrams 51 G Inverse functions 54 Review set 2A 60 Review set 2B 61 A Quadratic
equations 65 B Quadratic inequalities 72 C The discriminant of a quadratic 73 D Quadratic functions 75 E Finding a quadratic from its graph 87 F Where functions meet 91 G Problem solving with quadratics 93 H Quadratic optimisation 95 Review set 3A 98 Review set 3B 99 A Surds 102 B Indices 107 C Index laws 108 D Rational indices 111 E
Algebraic expansion and factorisation 113 F Exponential equations 116 G Exponential functions 118 H The natural exponential 123 Review set 4A 125 Review set 4B 127 A Logarithms in base 130 B Logarithms in base 133 C Laws of logarithms 135 D Logarithmic equations 138 E Natural logarithms 142 F Solving exponential equations using
logarithms 145 G The change of base rule 147 H Graphs of logarithmic functions 149 Review set 5A 152 Review set 5B 154 A Real polynomials 156 B Zeros, roots, and factors 162 C The Remainder theorem 167 D The Factor theorem 169 Review set 6A 173 Review set 6B 173 A Equations of straight lines 177 B Intersection of straight lines 183 C
Intersection of a straight line and a curve 186 D Transforming relationships to straight line form 187 E Finding relationships from data 192 Review set 7A 197 Review set 7B 199 A Radian measure 202 B Arc length and sector area 205 C The unit circle and the trigonometric ratios 208 D Applications of the unit circle 213 E Multiples of and 217 F
Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 221 Review set 8A 221 Review set 8B 222 A Periodic behaviour 226 B The sine function 230 e 10 a x "y "r 5 LOGARITHMS 129 6 POLYNOMIALS 155 7 STRAIGHT LINE GRAPHS 175 8 THE UNIT CIRCLE AND RADIAN MEASURE 201 9 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 225 TABLE OF CONTENTS IGCSE01 magenta
cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\008CamAdd_00.cdr Friday, 31 January 2014 11:53:47 AM BRIAN C The cosine function 236 D The tangent function 238 E Trigonometric equations 240 F Trigonometric relationships 246 G Trigonometric equations in
quadratic form 250 Review set 9A 251 Review set 9B 252 A The product principle 256 B Counting paths 258 C Factorial notation 259 D Permutations 262 E Combinations 267 F Binomial expansions 270 G The Binomial Theorem 273 Review set 10A 277 Review set 10B 278 A Vectors and scalars 280 B The magnitude of a vector 284 C Operations with
plane vectors 285 D The vector between two points 289 E Parallelism 292 F Problems involving vector operations 294 G Lines 296 H Constant velocity problems 298 Review set 11A 302 Review set 11B 303 A Matrix structure 307 B Matrix operations and definitions 309 C Matrix multiplication 315 D The inverse of a × matrix 323 E Simultaneous
linear equations 328 Review set 12A 330 Review set 12B 331 A Limits 335 B Rates of change 336 C The derivative function 340 D Differentiation from first principles 342 E Simple rules of differentiation 344 F The chain rule 348 G The product rule 351 H The quotient rule 353 2 2 10 COUNTING AND THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION 255 11 VECTORS
279 12 MATRICES 305 13 INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 333 I Derivatives of exponential functions 355 J Derivatives of logarithmic functions 359 K Derivatives of trigonometric functions 361 L Second derivatives 363 Review set 13A 365 Review set 13B 366 A Tangents and normals 369 B Stationary points 375 C Kinematics 380 D
Rates of change 388 E Optimisation 393 F Related rates 399 Review set 14A 402 Review set 14B 405 A The area under a curve 410 B Antidifferentiation 415 C The fundamental theorem of calculus 417 D Integration 422 E Rules for integration 424 F Integrating 428 G Definite integrals 431 Review set 15A 434 Review set 15B 435 A The area under a
curve 438 B The area between two functions 440 C Kinematics 444 Review set 16A 449 Review set 16B 450 f ax b ( + ) 14 APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 367 15 INTEGRATION 409 16 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION 437 ANSWERS 453 INDEX 503 9 Table of contents IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50
50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\009CamAdd_00.cdr Tuesday, 8 April 2014 10:19:12 AM BRIAN IGCSE01 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\010CamAdd_00.cdr Monday, 16
December 2013 10:41:33 AM BRIAN Sets and Venn diagrams 1 Contents: A Sets B Interval notation C Relations D Complements of sets E Properties of union and intersection F Venn diagrams G Numbers in regions H Problem solving with Venn diagrams 4037 Cambridge Additional Mathematics magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50
95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_01\011CamAdd_01.cdr Thursday, 19 December 2013 9:47:09 AM GR8GREG 12 Sets and Venn diagrams (Chapter 1) Opening problem A city has three football teams in the national league: A, B, and C. In the last season, 20% of the city’s population saw team A play,
24% saw team B, and 28% saw team C. Of these, 4% saw both A and B, 5% saw both A and C, and 6% saw both B and C. 1% saw all three teams play. Things to think about: a Writing out all of this information in sentences is very complicated. How can we represent this information more simply on a diagram? b What percentage of the population: i
saw only team A play ii saw team A or team B play but not team C iii did not see any of the teams play? SET NOTATION A set is a collection of numbers or objects. For example: ² the set of digits which we use to write numbers is f0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9g ² if V is the set of all vowels, then V = fa, e, i, o, ug. The numbers or objects in a set are called the
elements or members of the set. We use the symbol 2 to mean is an element of and =2 to mean is not an element of. So, for the set A = f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7g we can say 4 2 A but 9 =2 A. The set f g or ? is called the empty set and contains no elements. SPECIAL NUMBER SETS The following is a list of some special number sets you should be familiar
with: ² N = f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ....g is the set of all natural or counting numbers. ² Z = f0, §1, §2, §3, §4, ....g is the set of all integers. ² Z + = f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ....g is the set of all positive integers.
² Z ¡ = f¡1, ¡2, ¡3, ¡4, ¡5, ....g is the set of all negative integers. ² Q is the set of all rational numbers, or numbers which can be written in the form p q where p and q are integers and q 6= 0.
² R is the set of all real numbers, which are all numbers which can be placed on the number line. SETS A The set of natural numbers is often defined to include .
N 0 magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 4037 Cambridge Additional Mathematics Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_01\012CamAdd_01.cdr Friday, 29 November 2013 10:10:17 AM GR8GREG Sets and Venn diagrams (Chapter 1) 13 COUNTING ELEMENTS OF SETS The number of
elements in set A is written n(A). For example, the set A = f2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21g has 6 elements, so we write n(A) = 6. A set which has a finite number of elements is called a finite set. For example: A = f2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21g is a finite set. ? is also a finite set, since n(?) = 0. Infinite sets are sets which have infinitely many elements. For example, the set of
positive integers f1, 2, 3, 4, ....g does not have a largest element, but rather keeps on going forever. It is therefore an infinite set. In fact, the sets N , Z , Z +, Z ¡, Q , and R are all infinite sets. SUBSETS Suppose A and B are two sets. A is a subset of B if every element of A is also an element of B. We write A µ B. For example, f2, 3, 5g µ f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6g
as every element in the first set is also in the second set. A is a proper subset of B if A is a subset of B but is not equal to B. We write A ½ B. For example, Z ½ Q since any integer n = n 1 2 Q . However, 1 2 2 Q but 1 2 =2 Z . We use A * B to indicate that A is not a subset of B and A 6½ B to indicate that A is not a proper subset of B. UNION AND
INTERSECTION If A and B are two sets, then ² A \ B is the intersection of A and B, and consists of all elements which are in both A and B ² A [ B is the union of A and B, and consists of all elements which are in A or B. For example: ² If A = f1, 3, 4g and B = f2, 3, 5g then A \ B = f3g and A [ B = f1, 2, 3, 4, 5g. ² The set of integers is made up of the set of
negative integers, zero, and the set of positive integers: Z = (Z ¡ [ f0g [ Z +) DEMO Every element in and every element in is found in . A B A B [ 4037 Cambridge Additional Mathematics magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_01\013CamAdd_01.cdr
Friday, 29 November 2013 10:10:36 AM GR8GREG 14 Sets and Venn diagrams (Chapter 1) DISJOINT SETS Two sets are disjoint or mutually exclusive if they have no elements in common. If A and B are disjoint then A \ B = ?. Example 1 Self Tutor M = f2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9g and N = f3, 4, 6, 9, 10g a True or false? i 4 2 M ii 6 =2 M b List the sets: i M \ N ii
M [ N c Is i M µ N ii f9, 6, 3g µ N? a i 4 is not an element of M, so 4 2 M is false. ii 6 is not an element of M, so 6 =2 M is true. b i M \N = f3, 9g since 3 and 9 are elements of both sets. ii Every element which is in either M or N is in the union of M and N.
) M [ N = f2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10g c i No. Not every element of M is an element of N. ii Yes, as 9, 6, and 3 are also in N. EXERCISE 1A 1 Write using set notation: a 5 is an element of set D b 6 is not an element of set G c d is not an element of the set of all English vowels d f2, 5g is a subset of f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6g e f3, 8, 6g is not a subset of f1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6g. 2 Find i A \ B ii A [ B for: a A = f6, 7, 9, 11, 12g and B = f5, 8, 10, 13, 9g b A = f1, 2, 3, 4g and B = f5, 6, 7, 8g c A = f1, 3, 5, 7g and B = f1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9g 3 Suppose A = f0, 3, 5, 8, 14g and B = f1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13g. Write down the number of elements in: a A b B c A \ B d A [ B 4 True or false? a Z + µ N b N ½ Z c N = Z + d Z ¡ µ Z e Q ½ Z f f0g
µ Z g Z µ Q h Z + [ Z ¡ = Z 5 Describe the following sets as either finite or infinite: a the set of counting numbers between 10 and 20 b the set of counting numbers greater than 5 c the set of all rational numbers Q d the set of all rational numbers between 0 and 1. To write down , start with and add to it the elements of which are not in .
M N M N M [ magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 4037 Cambridge Additional Mathematics Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_01\014CamAdd_01.cdr Friday, 29 November 2013 10:11:25 AM GR8GREG Sets and Venn diagrams (Chapter 1) 15 6 True or false? a 127 2 N b 138 279 2 Q
c 3 1 7 =2 Q d ¡ 4 11 2 Q 7 Which of these pairs of sets are disjoint? a A = f3, 5, 7, 9g and B = f2, 4, 6, 8g b P = f3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10g and Q = f4, 9, 10g 8 True or false? If R and S are two non-empty sets and R \ S = ?, then R and S are disjoint. 9 a How many proper subsets does the set fa, b, c, dg have? b Copy and complete: “If a set has n elements then
it has ...... proper subsets.” To avoid having to list all members of a set, we often use a general description of its members. We often describe a set of all values of x with a particular property.
The notation fx : ::::::g or fx j ::::::g is used to describe “the set of all x such that ......”. For example: ² A = fx 2 Z : ¡2 6 x 6 4g reads “the set of all integers x such that x is between ¡2 and 4, including ¡2 and 4.” We can represent A on a number line as: A is a finite set, and n(A) = 7.
² B = fx 2 R : ¡2 6 x < 4g reads “the set of all real x such that x is greater than or equal to ¡2 and less than 4.” We represent B on a number line as: B is an infinite set, and n(B) = 1. We could also write B = fx : ¡2 6 x < 4g, in which case we would assume that x 2 R . Example 2 Self Tutor Suppose A = fx 2 Z : 3 < x 6 10g.
a Write down the meaning of the interval notation. b List the elements of set A. c Find n(A). a The set of all integers x such that x is between 3 and 10, including 10. b A = f4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10g c There are 7 elements, so n(A) = 7. INTERVAL NOTATION B the set of all such that x -2 0 4 a filled in circle indicates is included -2 an open circle indicates is
not included 4 x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 4037 Cambridge Additional Mathematics magenta cyan yellow black 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 0 0 5 5 25 25 75 75 50 50 95 95 100 100 Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_01\015CamAdd_01.cdr Thursday, 3 April 2014 3:32:13 PM BRIAN