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    Speech Act Types (Group 5) Evening

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    Anjiniash

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    Speech Act Types (Group 5) Evening

    Uploaded by

    Anjiniash
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    Speech Act Types ( Group 5) Evening

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    3 views14 pages

    Speech Act Types (Group 5) Evening

    Uploaded by

    Anjiniash

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Speech Act Types

    Thaha, Novydhea, Wayan


    SPEECH ACTS
    Yule (1996) states that speech acts are a study of how
    the speakers and hearers use language. Bach (1979)
    explains that an action in verbal communication has
    message in itself, so the communication is not only
    about language but also with action. In conclusion
    speech act is the utterance that occurs and act refers
    to an action.
    Locutionary
    Locutionary speech act is roughly equivalent to uttering
    certain utterance with certain sense and reference, which
    again is roughly equivalent to meaning in traditional sense
    (Austin, 1962: 108). Also proposed by Yule (1996) who states
    that locutionary act is the act of producing meaningful
    utterances.
    Example of Locutionary
    1. It’s so dark in this room.
    2. The box is heavy.

    The above two sentences represent the actual condition. The first
    sentence refers to the lighting of the room and
    the second sentence refers to the weight of the box.
    Illocutionary
    The illocutionary act is performed via the communicative
    force of an utterance, such as promising, apologizing, offering
    (Yule, 1996:48). This act is also called the act of doing
    something in saying something. The most significant level of
    action in a speech act is the illocutionary act because the
    force, which has been desired by the speakers, determines
    this act.
    Example of Illocutionary
    1. It’s so dark in this room.
    2. The box is heavy.

    Based on the examples above, the first sentence shows a


    request to switch the light on and the second sentence shows a
    request to lift up the box.
    Perlocutionary
    Hufford and Heasley (1983:250) states that perlocutionary act
    is the act that is carried out by a speaker when making an
    utterance causes in certain effect on the hearer and others.
    Perlocutionary act is also the act offering someone.
    Example of Perlocutionary
    1. It’s so dark in this room.
    2. The box is heavy.

    Based on the example it can be inferred that the first sentence is


    uttered by someone while switching the light on and the second
    sentence is done by someone while lifting up the box.
    SPEECH ACT CLASSIFICATION

    Declaration
    Speech acts that change the world via their utterance/word.

    For example:
    “Look at the mirror and you can see your family. Now you won’t feel
    lonely anymore.”
    In this speech act, the speaker changes the world via words. The
    speaker replaces the situation with the word that delivered to the
    addressee.
    Assertives
    Assertives commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed
    proposition:

    state, suggest, boast, complain, claim, report, warn (that) Notice that
    boast and complain also express an attitude to the proposition
    expressed other than a belief in its truth.

    For example:
    “ I'm the only one in school who has this new iPhones model. ”
    Commisive
    Speech acts that speakers use to commit themselves to some
    future action.

    Promises, threats, refusals, pledges -> can be performed alone or


    by a group.
    The speaker undertakes to make the world fit the words
    (via the speaker).

    For example:
    a) I'll be back.
    b) I'm going to get it right next time.
    c) I Will do this latter
    Directives
    Speech acts that speaker use to get someone else to do
    something.

    Command, orders, requests, suggesion -> can be positive or


    negative. The speaker attempts to make the world fit the
    words (via hearer).

    For example:
    a) Gimme a cup of coffee. Make it black.
    b) Could you close the window?
    c) Give me your pen.
    Declaratives
    Declarations are speech acts that the utterances effect
    immediate changes in the institutional state of affairs and
    which tend to rely on elaborate exta- linguistic institutions.
    These speech acts include excommunicating, declaring war,
    christening, firing from employment. For example “you are dead
    to me.”
    Thank
    yo!
    u !
    any question?

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