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    Diaphram

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    Ajeesh Nelson
    Anatomy

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Diaphram

    Uploaded by

    Ajeesh Nelson
    3 views2 pages
    Anatomy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Anatomy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    3 views2 pages

    Diaphram

    Uploaded by

    Ajeesh Nelson
    Anatomy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    DIAPHRAGM

    The diaphragm is a
    curved,
    musculotendinous
    sheath forming the
    inferior border of the
    thoracic cavity and
    superior border of the
    abdominal cavity. It
    presents as two domes
    rising on either side of
    a relatively flat central
    portion, inferior to the
    pericardium, with the
    apex of the right
    slight superior than the left due to the location of the heart. Its three parts-sternal, costal, and
    lumbar-arise from attachments at the circumference of the inferior thoracic aperture and superior
    lumbar vertebrae. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration and aids in increasing
    intraabdominal pressure.
    ORIGIN: The sternal part of the diaphragm originates from the posterior aspect of the xiphoid
    process, the costal part from the internal surfaces of the costal margin and ribs 11 and 12, and the
    lumbar part from the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, vertebrae L1-L3, and the anterior
    longitudinal ligament.
    INSERTION: The diaphragm converges from its circumferential origins into a central tendon,
    slightly anterior to the center of the muscle.
    FUNCTION: Upon contraction, the diaphragm lengthens the thoracic cavity during inspiration
    and assists the anterolateral abdominal muscles in increasing intraabdominal pressure. It also
    allows the aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus nerve, and inferior vena cava to
    pass from the thoracic to the abdominal cavities.
    INNERVATION: Innervation is provided by the phrenic nerves, which arise from C3- C5, and
    the sensory innervation via the lower six intercostal nerves, arising from T6-T12.
    BLOOD SUPPLY: Oxygenated blood is supplied by the inferior phrenic, superior phrenic,
    musculophrenic, subcostal, and lower five intercostal arteries.
    VENOUS DRAINAGE: Drainage is provided by the inferior phrenic, superior phrenic,
    musculophrenic, subcostal, intercostal, and subcostal veins.
    THE DIAPHRAGM HAS 3 MAJOR OPENINGS AND 5 MINOR OPENINGS.

    MAJOR
    The vena caval trunk lies at the level of the T8 vertebra in the central tendon. It allows passage of
    Inferior vena cava and some branches of the right phrenic nerve.
    The esophageal hiatus lies at the level of the T10 vertebra in a sling of muscle fibers derived
    from the right crus at the left of the median plane. It allows passage of esophagus, the right and
    left vagus trunks, the esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels, and the lymph vessels.
    The aortic hiatus lies anterior to the body of the T12 vertebra between the crura (crus- singular).
    It allows passage of aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein.
    MINOR
    The lesser aperture of right crus (permits lesser and greater splanchnic nerves)
    The lesser aperture of left crus (permits hemiazygous vein; and lesser and greater splanchnic
    nerves)
    The sympathetic trunk runs posteriorly below the medial lumbocostal arches.
    Foramen of Morgagni is found in the areolar tissue between the sternal and costal part of
    diaphragm contains the superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery and the
    lymphatics of the abdominal wall.
    The medial and lateral lumbocostal arches can contain areolar tissue that, when present,
    separates the superior and posterior surface of a kidney from the pleura.

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