Answers Chapter 3 Test

EMINENCE
Chapter 3 Current Electricity

Physics
Class : XII
Roll No. : Time - 1:00 Hour

Date : MM - 30
Kirchhoff’s first law, i.e. Σi = 0 at a junction is based on the law of conservation of __________. 1
Ans : charge
2. The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why? Give reason. 1
Ans : The current always flows from higher to lower potential. To produce the current to an
external circuit, the emf must be greater than the terminal voltage, i.e. the potential
difference across the external circuit.
= V + Ir
3. Two wires of equal length, one of copper and the other of manganin have the same resistance. 1
Which wire is thicker?
Ans :
As the resistivity of manganin (ρ2) is greater than the resistivity of copper (ρ1). So, the
manganin wire is thicker.
4. A car battery is of 12 V. Eight dry cells of 1.5 V connected in series also give 12 V, but such a 1
combination is not used to start a car. Why?
Ans : Dry cells used in series will have high resistance (=10 Ω) and hence provide low current,
while a car battery has low internal resistance (0.1 Ω) and hence gives high current for
the same emf, needed to start the car.
5. The electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few mm s–1 for currents in the range of a few 1
amperes? How then is current established almost the instant a circuit is closed?
Ans : It is the electric field which spreads throughout a circuit with speed of light. At every
point, a local electron drift is induced by the field. This way, the current attains its steady
value almost instantaneously.
6. Out of V – I graph for parallel and series combination of two metallic resistors, which one 1
represents parallel combination of resistors? Justify your answer.
Ans : The resistance of parallel combination is less than of series combination of a given
set of resistors. Hence, B represents a parallel combination, since is more.
Hence, the resistance, i.e. is less.

or
As slope of A < slope of B and resistance (R) =
RA > RB
Hence, B will represent the parallel combination.
Define drift velocity. Write its relationship with relaxation time in terms of the electric field 2
applied to a conductor.
A potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length L. How is the drift velocity
affected when V is doubled and L is halved?
Ans : Drift velocity It is an average velocity of electrons moving through

any cross-section of a conductor under the influence of an external electric field.
where г is the relaxation time.

As V is doubled and L is halved,
The drift velocity will get four times.
8. Define relaxation time of the free electrons drifting in a conductor. How is it related to the drift 3
velocity of free electrons? Use this relation to deduce the expression for the electrical resistivity of
the material.
Ans : Relaxation time is the duration for which an electron drifting through a conductor
does not suffer any collision.
Relation between drift velocity of free electrons and relaxation time
where E is the electric field across the conductor drifting the electrons.
We have the relation
where V is the potential difference and l is the length of the conductor.
Substituting the value of vd from equation (ii) in equation (i), we get
ρ is called the resistivity of the material of the conductor
9. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw the 3
plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I.
It is found that when R = 4 Ω, the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 Ω, the current reduces
to 0.5 A. Find the values of the emf e and internal resistance r.
Ans :
Given: R1 = 4 Ω, I1 = 1 A, R2 = 9 Ω, I2 = 0.5 A
I=
ε = I(R + r)
ε = 1 × (4 + r) = 4 + r ...(i)
When R is increased then ε = 0.5(9 + r) = 4.5 + 0.5 r ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5 r ⇒ 0.5r = 0.5 ⇒ r = 1 Ω
ε = 1 × (4 + 1) = 5 V
10. (a) State the Kirchoff ’s law. 3

(b) A battery of 10V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite
corners of a cubical network consisting of 12 resistors each of resistance 1Ω in figure. Determine
the equivalent resistance of the network and the current along each edge of the cube.
Ans : (a) Refer to Point no. 16 [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae]
(b) Ist Step: We specify current in all the 12 edges of the cube in terms of I1 using the
Kirchhoff ’s first law and the symmetry in the problem.
2nd Step: We take closed loop ABCC′EA and apply Kirchhoff ’s second rule.
Suppose the equivalent resistance of the network is
Current through each edge of the cube is now obvious from the diagram.
11. Two resistances 5Ω and 7Ω are joined as shown to two batteries of emf 2 V and 3 V. If the 3 V 4
battery
is short circuited. What will be the current through 5Ω?
Ans : When 3 V is short-circuited in the loop then, circuit will become as shown in the figure.
12. In the given network, find the values of the currents, I1, I2 and I3. 4
Ans : Here, I1 = I2 + I3 …(i)

From the loop ADBA,
3I1 + 3I2 = 2 – 1 ; 3I1 + 3I2 = 1 …(ii)
From the loop DCBD,
4I3 – 3I2 = 3 – 1 ; 4I3 – 3I2 = 2 …(iii)
4(I1 – I2) – 3I2 = 2 ( I3 = I1– I2)
4I1 – 7I2 = 2 …(iv)
From equations (ii) and (iv), we get
3I1 + 3I2 = 1
4I1 – 7I2 = 2
State Kirchhoff ’s laws of an electrical network. Using Kirchhoff ’s laws, calculate the potential 5
difference across the 8 Ω resistor.
Ans : Kirchhoff's Rules: Refer to Point no. 16. [Important terms, Definitions and Formulae]
i = i1 + i2 …(i)
Consider a loop ADCBA,
8i + 6i + 2i1 = 4
8i + 8i1 = 4
2i + 2i1 = 1 …(ii)
Consider a loop DCQPD,
8i + i2 + 4i2 = 6
8i + 5i2 = 6 …(iii)
On solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
Thus, potential drop across the 8 Ω resistor is

V=i×8
V=
V= volt

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EMINENCE

Chapter 3 Current Electricity

Roll No. : Time - 1:00 Hour

Hence, the resistance, i.e. is less.

Ans : Drift velocity It is an average velocity of electrons moving through

where г is the relaxation time.

The drift velocity will get four times.

We have the relation

where V is the potential difference and l is the length of the conductor.

Substituting the value of vd from equation (ii) in equation (i), we get

ρ is called the resistivity of the material of the conductor

10. (a) State the Kirchoff ’s law. 3

Suppose the equivalent resistance of the network is

Ans : Here, I1 = I2 + I3 …(i)

Thus, potential drop across the 8 Ω resistor is

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