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    OPME Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Singh
    Opme

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    OPME Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Singh
    5 views9 pages
    Opme

    Original Title

    OPME assignment

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Opme

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    5 views9 pages

    OPME Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Singh
    Opme

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 9

    Structural malformations in OPME

    1.Nose
    Nasal septum consists of three parts:
    i. Columellar Septum
    ii. Membranous Septum
    iii. Septum Proper

    Normal external nose structure

    Deviated nasal septum

    1.Anterior Deflection
    Septal cartilage may be dislocated into one of the nasal chambers.

    2. C-shaped Deformity
    Septum is deviated in a simple curve to one side.
    3. S-shaped Deformity
    Either in a vertical or anteroposterior plane. Such a deformity may cause bilateral nasal obstruction.

    4.Spurs
    A spur is a shelf-like projection often found at the junction of bone and cartilage.

    5. Thickening
    It may be due to organized haematoma
    or overriding of dislocated septal fragments.

    LIPS
    Short upper lip due to scarring
    This causes difficulty with bilabial competence at rest and with bilabial sound production.
    2. Asymmetry of the lip

    3. Flattening of Cupid’s bow

    3. Mouth
    Congenital abnormalities of the size and shape of the mouth can occur.

    1.Macrostomia refers to an excessively large mouth opening.


    2. Miicrostomia refers to a small mouth
    opening.

    4. Facial Clefts
    Facial cleft is a collective term that includes not only clefts of the lip and palate but also incudes
    clefts of the forehead, eyes, ears, nose, cheeks, mouth, and jaws.

    (A) Mild midline cleft of the lip only.

    -notch in the midline of the vermilion or a slight cleft of the upper lip is seen.

    (B). Midline facial clefts that affect the nose


    Midline clefts can also affect brain development, causing cranial base anomalies, an encephalocele
    (a congenital gap in the skull, with herniation of brain tissue into the nose or palate), or an absent
    corpus callosum.

    ( C) A midline cleft may


    be associated with holoprosencephaly (failure of the forebrain to divide into two hemispheres).

    (D) Oblique clefts An oblique cleft begins at the mouth and then courses laterally, horizontally, and
    upward so that it may affect the facial bones, nasal
    structures, orbits, and even the ears. It can be either unilateral or bilateral.

    5. Tongue

    1.Macroglossia is a condition
    in which the tongue is abnormally large.
    2. Lobulated tongue
    The tongue may appear to have
    multiple lobes, with fissures between each lobe.

    3.Ankyloglossia
    Commonly referred to as tongue-tie is a condition where there is abnormal restriction of tongue-tip
    movement from either a short lingual frenulum or a frenulum that is attached near the tip of the
    tongue .
    6.Palate

    A fistula is an abnormal opening between two epithelialized organs that do not normally connect. A
    palatal fistula/oronasal fistula is an opening between the oral surface of the palate or velum and the
    nasal cavity. A common site for a fistula is at the junction of the hard and soft palate. Other site of
    location of fistulas are the premaxilla and lateral segment.
    7. Tonsils and Adenoids

    Tonsilar hypertrophy
    Hypertrophy (abnormal enlargement
    of a part of the body caused by enlargement of its constituent cells). It's graded on 4 point scale.

    i.Tonsils that are 1+ in size are contained within the faucial pillars

    ii.While tonsils that are 2+ extend minimally beyond the faucial pillars.

    iii. Tonsils that are 3+ obstruct the oropharyngeal inlet to a moderate degree;
    iv. Tonsils that are 4+ in size touch in the midline

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