Classification of Malocclusion

Classification of Orthodontic
Malocclusion
:Outlines
• Definitions.
• Classification of malocclusion from:

A. Antero-posterior plane.
B. Vertical plane.
C. Transverse plane.
– Etiology of malocclusion
Occlusion: Relationship of maxillary and mandibular
teeth when it is in functional contact during activating of
the mandible.
Ideal occlusion: theoretical occlusion has the
following characteristic(SIX KEYS OF OCCLUSION):
1-Correct crown angulation ( mesiodistal crown tip).
2-Correct crown inclination (labio_lingual / bucco_lingual
crown tip)
3- No rotation, crowding, spacing.
4-Limited curve of spee.
5- Class1 canine and molar relationship.
6- Dental arches are symetrical.
Definition of malocclusion
Malaligment of teeth.
Developmental problems cause irregularity of teeth beyond
the accepted range of normal, and form of malrelation
between maxillary and mandibular arches in any plane
(anterio-posterior , vertical and transverse).
Why do we need to classify malocclusion? “Classification is
the morphological description of the dental and skeletal
deviations from the norm…”
A. Antero-posterior Plane
• Class I normal occlusion

• Class I malocclusion
• Class II malocclusion
• Class III malocclusion
Class I normal occlusion
The mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary (upper) first
permanent molar occludes in the buccal groove of the
lower first permanent molar.
Class I malocclusion
• A normal molar relationship exists but there is
crowding, misalignment of the teeth, cross bites, etc.
adento.ru/455-nepravilnyy-prikus.html
wikisites.mcgill.ca/Dentalpedia/index.php/Class_I_Type_II
Class II Malocclusion
• The mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary
(upper) first permanent molar occludes more
anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular
(lower) first permanent molar.
Class III Malocclusion
• The mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary first
permanent molar occludes posterior to the buccal
groove of the lower first permanent molar.
Vertical Plane .2
I- Open bite
• Abnormal condition in which group of teeth do

not make occlusal contact because of lack of
vertical extension.(Swinehart)
C
Tevez
II- Over (Deep) bite
• Excessive vertical overlap between upper and lower

incisors when the teeth in maximum intercuspation.
Suarez
Transverse Plane .3
I- cross bite:
An abnormal relationship of a tooth or teeth to the
opposing teeth, in which normal bucco-lingual or labio-
lingual relationships are reversed.
mihanortho.com/en/page- chchortho.co.nz/index.php?
comment-215 page=cases
II- Scissor bite
An orthodontic malocclusion where the lower

molars bite completely lingual to the upper molars.
/www.uniondentalsurgery.com
Summary
• Malocclusion may be dental or skeletal or
dentoalveolar malocclusion.
• Malocclusion may be corrected by fixed orthodontic
appliance, myofuctional or removable appliances
depending on the age of the patient and the severity of
the case.
• Severe skeletal malocclusion cases may be corrected by
extra-oral appliances in young patients, myofunctional
appliances in adolescences or by fixed orthodontic
appliances with orthognathic surgery in adults.
Etiology of malocclusion
Local factors (Dental developmental disturbance)
A. Anomalies in the number of teeth :
1. Supernumerary teeth.
2. Missing teeth.
3. Loss of permanent teeth.
4. Early loss of deciduous teeth .
5. Retained deciduous teeth.
6. Abnormal path of eruption .
7. Abnormal labial frenum .
8. Ankylosis.
B. Anomalies in the form of teeth :
1. Peg shaped lateral incisors.

2. B-Excessive large or small teeth ( macrodontia or
microdontia).
3. Anadontia .
4. Hypodontia
A. Anomalies in the number of teeth
1. Supernumerary teeth (crowding)

The supernumerary teeth have no definite time to
develop either prior to as late as 10 to 12 years of
age and they may erupt in any area of mouth.
The most common supernumerary teeth are seen is
mesiodense and it may cause deflection of maxillary
central incisors if its eruption between two centrals
or preventing one of them or both from eruption.
2. Missing teeth
Congenital missing of the teeth are more
frequently than that of supernumerary teeth. The
patient with missing teeth have deformities in
tooth size and shapes such as peg lateral are more
frequent.
3. Loss of permanent teeth
spacing, drifting, shifting in midline

Early loss of deciduous teeth .4
In anterior region, the early loss of maxillary or mandibular
anterior teeth is seldom necessary the space maintainer because
mesial drift of anterior teeth is less in comparison with
posterior teeth.
In posterior segment, early loss of 1st or 2nd of deciduous
molar mesial drift of 1st permanent molar and blocking the
way for eruption and premolar may be occurs and sometimes
even of 2nd premolar will erupt, it may be drift buccally or
lingually in maxillary molar in addition to mesial drift it may
.be also rotated
.Retained deciduous teeth .5
It may be lead to:

a. Deflection of permanent teeth
from its path.
b. Prevent closure of contact of
permanent teeth.
. Abnormal path of eruption .6
Because of presence of a supernumery tooth, retained
deciduous tooth or root fragment, bony barrier, physical
barrier after influence the direction of eruption set up an
abnormal path of eruption.
. Abnormal labial frenum .7
• At birth frenum is attached to alveolar ridge and
the fibrous actually running into lingual
interdental papling. So when teeth erupt, this
frenum attachment is migrates superiority
sometimes this frenum persist between two
central incisors and produce diastema such as
microdentia, Macrognathia, supernumerary teeth,
habits, missing lateral incisors, heavy occlusion.
Ankylosis .8
• Ankylosis is probably due to an injury of some
periodontal ligament, as or result of which a part
of the periodontal membrane is perforated and a
bony bridge forms joining the laminae dura
Clinically in appear as sub merge tooth, surgical
removal of anakylosis tooth is require of this done
only through the buccal plate.
: b- Anomalies in the form of teeth
1. Peg shaped lateral incisors
The most common anomalies is peg shape
lateral incisors. So excessive spacing will be
occur in maxillary anterior teeth and also
central incisors vary liking certain cases
associated with congenital sdefect like cleft lip
Excessive large or small teeth ( macrodontia or .2
microdontia)
The size of teeth is largely determined by hereditary. So their
will be great variation from individual to another. So it may
affect the dental arch by possibility to produce crowding in
cases of largely teeth than with small one, and also producing
some spaces in case of small teeth and several observation are
made by several authors on tooth size and their correlation
.between tooth size and dental arch (Moores study)
Anadontia: ( completely absence of teeth due to aplasia .3
of dental lamina)
4. Hypodontia:
hypodontia is the condition at which the patient has
missing teeth as a result of the failure of those teeth to
develop (also called tooth agenesis). ( rare in deciduous but
common in permanent dentitions)
Include lateral incisos , second premolars, and third molar (in
Iraq 5%)
.Rx; close space or open space and use P.D
References
• Gurkeerat Singh (2007). Textbook Of
Orthodontics. 2nd ed. JAYPEE BROTHERS. P.
159-173.
• William R. Proffit (2012). 5th ed. Contemporary
Orthodontics, Mosby, Elsevier. P.203-219.
Thank you

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Classification of Malocclusion

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Classification of Orthodontic

• Classification of malocclusion from:

• Class I normal occlusion

• Abnormal condition in which group of teeth do

• Excessive vertical overlap between upper and lower

An orthodontic malocclusion where the lower

1. Peg shaped lateral incisors.

1. Supernumerary teeth (crowding)

spacing, drifting, shifting in midline

It may be lead to:

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