Application of HEC-HMS model for

runoff simulation
A Thesis Presented in Partial Accomplishment of
the requisite for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Civil Engineering
By
Sandeep Kumar Sahu
112CE0057
Under the assistance of:
Prof. SANAT NALINI SAHOO

Department of civil engineering

National institute of technology
Rourkela, 2016
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ROURKELA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis id entitled, “Application of HEC-HMS model for runoff

simulation” submitted by SANDEEP KUMAR SAHU in partial fulfilment for the requirement

for the degree of Bachelor of Technology 2015-16 in Civil Engineering at National Institute

of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and

guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this report has not been

submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any Certificate.

Date:

Prof. Sanat Nalini Sahoo

Department of Civil Engineering

Rourkela-769008
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and excitement on the successful achievement of any assignment would be
inadequate without the reference of the people who made it possible, whose continual
supervision and encouragement completed out effort with success.

I am obliged to the Dept. of civil engineering, NIT Rourkela for benevolent me the opportunity
to accomplish this project, which is an vital part of the curriculum in B.Tech curriculum at the
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela.

I would like to take this prospect to express earnest gratefulness for my project guide Prof.
Sanat Nalini Sahoo, who provided me the prised inputs at the acute stages of this project
implementation. My special appreciations to Prof. S.K.Sahu, Head of the Civil Engineering
Department, for all the conveniences provided to fruitfully complete this work. I am also very
obliged to all the faculty members of the Department for their constant inspiration during the
project.

Proposing this thesis would have been a phenomenal work, without the endless help,
encouragement, support and counsel from my friends and seniors. Last but not the least I would
like to share this bit bliss with my parents. They solidify me massive support during the whole
tenure of my halt at NIT, Rourkela.

Date:

Sandeep Kumar Sahu

Roll No-112CE0057
Department of civil Engineering
NIT, Rourkela, Odisha
 ABSTRACT

Hydrologic modelling includes the mathematical models to represent the hydrologic

processes such as, precipitation, snowmelt, interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, sub-
surface flow, and surface flow, as well as the interaction between them. Hydrological modeling
is a challenging because it includes highly nonlinear processes, complexity and highly spatial
variability at basin. Physically based hydrological models are based on known scientific
principles of energy and water fluxes whereas, conceptual models are based on conceptual
storages and various model parameters that require calibration, or they are moisture accounting
models without explicitly considering energy fluxes, and so they mimic physical processes in
a simplified manner. Focus on the physically based distributed hydrologic modelling started in
order to minimize or overcome the deficiencies of the conceptual models. In physically based
hydrologic modelling the hydrologic process of water movement are modeled either by the
finite difference approximation of the partial differential equation representing the mass,
momentum and energy balance or by empirical equations. Typically the primary components
of hydrologic cycle related to the land phase are taken into consideration. These are:
interception, snowmelt, evapotranspiration, sub-surface runoff, groundwater flow, surface
runoff and channel routing. Physically based hydrologic models can be fully distributed where
a river basin is discretized as a rectangular grid mesh, or be semi-distributed when the basin is
divided into limited number of sub basins based on the terrain features and the drainage
network. Study and simulation of a watershed has been done using HEC-HMS. The Silsako
watershed located in Guwahati city has been modelled and the peak simulated discharge
obtained at the outlet of the watershed is 6793815.6 m3.
 CONTENTS

SL.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW …………………………………..........................................1

Chapter 2 LITERATURE ASSESSMENT ……………...........................................3

2.1) CRITICAL APPRAISAL……………………………………...4

2.2) OBJECTIVE…………………………………………………...4
2.3) HEC-HMS MODEL……………………………………………4
2.4) BASIC COMPONENTS OF HEC-HMS……………………....5
2.5) BASIC MODELING METHODS OF HEC-HMS………….....6
2.6) INPUT REQUIREMENTS OF HEC-HMS…………………..11
Chapter 3 STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION……………………...14

3.1) STUDY AREA………………………………………………..14

3.2) DATA COLLCETION……………………………………….15

Chapter 4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED……………………………………….19

4.1) BASIN MODEL………………………………………………19

Chapter 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION………………………………………...21

5.1) DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS HYDROLOGICAL ELEMENT 21

5.2) RESULT FOR SUB-BASIN 1…………………………………23

5.3) DISCUSSION………………………………………………….36

5.4) CONCLUSION………………………………………………...37

REFERENCE…………………………………………………………37
CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

Hydrology is the study of the water cycle that includes the knowledge of water
evaporation from sea and land. Where and how much water returns back to the earth’s surface
as precipitation and how much it get stored in soils and aquifers, as well as how water travels
through rivers and underground to the seas and oceans. Hydrologists help solve local and global
problems related to the overabundance, scarcity, or quality of water, by understanding various
physical, chemical, and biological processes in the water cycle and soil-water system.

From the beginnings, there is dependably worry over the conceivable outcomes of a dangerous
atmospheric deviation, it has been broadly perceived that adjustments in the water cycle
between area, ocean, and air could have exceptionally huge effects crosswise over numerous
divisions of the economy, society, and nature. The attributes of numerous physical biological
systems, for instance, are vigorously impacted by water accessibility and, on account of in
stream environments and wetlands, by the amount and nature of water in waterways and
aquifers. Water is basic for the human life and numerous exercises—most clearly horticulture
additionally industry, power era, transportation, and waste administration—and the
accessibility of clean water frequently is an imperative on monetary improvement. Thusly, there
have been a considerable number studies into the potential impacts of environmental change on
hydrology (concentrating on cycling of water) and water assets (concentrating on human and
natural utilization of water).

Waterway bowl or a watershed is a territory over which different hydrologic procedures, for
example, precipitation, snowmelt, capture attempt, evapotranspiration, invasion, surface
overflow, and sub-surface stream are performed. Hydrological demonstrating includes figuring
the scientific models to speak to these hydrologic forms and additionally the collaboration
between them. So in hydrologic displaying the between relationship of soil, water, atmosphere,
and area use are viewed as and spoke to through numerical reflection (Gosain et al., 2009). This
can challenge since it includes exceptionally nonlinear procedures, complex communications
and high spatial variability at bowl scale.

1
Hydrological models can be classified by physical procedures required in displaying and also
the reasonable and physically based (Refsgaard, 1996) models. In reasonable models each of
the hydrologic forms, that we read into our perceptions of the catchment, are spoken to by
disentangled numerical connections, where as in physically based model the subtle element
physical procedures can be spoken to deterministically by representations of mass, force and
vitality protection.

2
CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE ASSESSMENT

• M. M. G. T. De Silva (2014) have studied a case study of incident and constant

hydrologic modelling in the Kelani River basin in Sri Lanka using the Hydrologic
Engineering Centre—Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC–HMS). An enormously high
rainfall incident in the spring month of the year 2005 was used to calibrate model
parameters, and tremendously high rainfall incidents in 2008 and 2010 were used to
evaluate the efficiency of the epitome. The standardised, uninterrupted runoff and base
flow attributes were utilized in the constant hydrologic model.

• D. Halwatura (2013) have described Hydrologic simulation employing computer

models has advanced rapidly and computerized models have become essential tools for
understanding human influences on river flows and designing ecologically sustainable
water management approaches. The HEC-HMS is a reliable model developed by the US
Army Corps of Engineers that could be used for many hydrological simulations. This
model is not calibrated and validated for Sri Lankan watersheds and need reliable data
inputs to check the suitability of the model for the study location and purpose. Therefore,
this study employed three different approaches to calibrate and validate the HEC-HMS
3.4 model to Attanagalu Oya (River) catchment and generate longterm flow data for the
Oya and the tributaries.

• M.R. Knebl (2004) have develops a framework for regional scale flood modeling that
integrates NEXRAD Level III rainfall, GIS, and a hydrological model
(HECHMS/RAS). The San Antonio River Basin (about 4000 square miles, 10,000 km2)
in Central Texas, USA, is the domain of the study because it is a region subject to
frequent occurrences of severe flash flooding. A major flood in the summer of 2002 is
chosen as a case to examine the modeling framework. The model consists of a rainfall–
runoff model (HEC-HMS) that converts precipitation excess to overland flow and
channel runoff, as well as a hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) that models unsteady state
flow through the river channel network based on the HEC-HMS-derived hydrographs.

• Reshma T (2013) have estimated accurate runoff for a given rainfall event is a difficult
task due to various influencing factors. Several computer based hydrological model have
been developed for simulation of runoff in watershed and water resource studies.

3
 In this study, Hydrologic Engineering Center –Hydrologic Modeling System
(HECHMS) hydrological model has been used to simulate runoff process in Walnut
Gulch watershed located in Arizona, USA. To compute infiltration, rainfall excess
conversion to runoff and flow routing, methods like Green-Ampt, Clark’s Unit
hydrograph and Kinematic wave routing were chosen. The model has been calibrated
and validated for the seven rainfall events. From the results, it is observed that HEC-
HMS model has performed satisfactorily for the simulation runoff for the different
rainfall events.

2.1 Critical Appraisal of Reviewed Literatures

The reviewed literatures showed that HEC-HMS successfully used for rainfall-runoff
modelling in different watersheds. Hence this can be used in the present study.

2.2 Objective

• To study different parameters required for runoff simulation in urban watersheds.

• To create a good database by collecting various physiographical and meteorological

data.

• Simulation of the runoff of the watershed by using HEC-HMS model.

2.3 HEC-HMS Model

HEC-HMS is designed to relate the precipitation-runoff processes of distinctive

watershed systems. It gave a pink slip be pertinent in a wide alps of geographic areas
for solving a taken as a whole range of problems, from ample river pot and hail
hydrology to low civic or by seat of one pants watershed runoff. Hydrographs produced
individually program boot be used urgently or indirectly by all of other software for
studies of mineral deposit availability, urban drainage, linger forecasting, forever and a
day urbanization enforcement, stockpile spillway diamond in the rough, flood price tag
reduction, floodplain style, wetlands hydrology, and systems operation. The HEC-HMS
modeling environment was swollen by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a

4
 beneficiary to HEC-1 (HEC, 2010a). HEC-HMS in its semi-distributed art an element
of uses gridded topographic reference to discretize a watershed directed toward
subbasins and incorporates the act with regard to of gridded torrent data (Zhang, Wang,
Wang, Li & Wang, 2013). The from that day forward sections will dispute the
components and calculations methods utilized by HEC-HMS.

2.4 Basic Components of HEC-HMS

A HEC-HMS model is composed of four elements – sub basin; reach; reservoir; and network
elements . These four elements, plus the meteorological model, wholly represent a modeled
Watershed and are introduced in this section.

1. Sub-basin Elements – A sub-basin is an component has me and my shadow one outflow

without whole inflow.. It is a by the number to show watershed model. Outflow is promised
from meteorological word by subtracting losses, transforming excess cat and dog weather and
adding base-flow. Sub-basin elements also subdivided into at variance watershed.

2. Reach Elements – A Reach element is an element greater number of inflow with only
one outflow. Outflow is calculated per one of the ready to be drawn methods available
3. Reservoir Elements – A reservoir element has more than one inflow to compute outflow.
Inflow can be from various elements in the watershed model. If there is preferably than a well
known inflow, en masse are reproduced together heretofore computing the outflow. It is on a
long shot that the water lift in the reservoir factor is level. Various methods are accessible for
defining computerized information properties of the reservoir. Reservoir syllabary call a spade
a spade reservoirs, lakes and ponds. (HEC 2010) Reservoir elements are not utilized in this
study

4. Network Elements – Network elements include various source, junction, diversion and
sink elements. Source fundamentals gives process to adding bodily the inflows to the go with
the tide network, or to call a spade a spade various upstream boundary conditions. Junction are
second hand to accompany more than one inflows, periodic at a confluence. The diversion
element explain locations in the linger network to what place water is not a sign of from the
channel and excused elsewhere. Sink graphic representation is the diner of a watershed. Source

5
elements are the instant way to perform flow in the watershed model. Source and pleasure
elements are not utilized in this study.

5. Meteorological model – The meteorological model is used to represent the external

vertical forcing that drive watershed hydrology during a simulation (for example, precipitation
and potential evapotranspiration). (HEC, 2010a) The following section introduces the basic
modeling functions of HEC-HMS. For this study, since reservoir elements, diversion elements
and snowmelt are not utilized, they will not be addressed in further sections.

2.5 Basic Modeling Methods of HEC-HMS

For each model element, HEC-HMS offers of variety of methods to calculate the hydrological
response to input data, including precipitation. This section will introduce the methods available
for each model element. Only those methods chosen for this study will be discussed in detail.

1. Subbasin Elements Methods

a. Canopy method – Used to call a spade a spade the reality of contrasting plants in the
arena and for reductions in shower based on equivocate interception. When rainfall occurs, the
canopy interception storage fills first. Precipitation intercepted becomes available to be
evaporated, thereby reducing the precipitation available for direct flow.
-

b. Surface method – represents the ground surface where all water accumulate in
depression storage areas. Net precipitation accumulated in the depression storage areas as well
as infiltration of the soil has that has the capacity to accept water, thereby reducing the
precipitation available for direct flow.

c. Loss method – loss method uses infiltration calculations. Twelve different loss methods
are available. Two of which were investigated for use in study. They are the Soil
conservation service (SCS) Curve number (CN) and Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA).

6
i. SCS CN loss method

The sub-basin SCS CN rule of thumb, HEC-HMS calculates the incremental precipitation
around a hit by re-calculating the infiltration non fiction at the accomplish of each predate
interim based on the CN and percent secure area of the sub-basin. The competition in each time
interim in infiltration is the divided loyalty in novel at the conclude of two adjacent time
intervals (HEC, 2010a). Runoff using the SCS CN method is determined by the following
equation:

………………….1

Where Q is runoff (in.) and P is precipitation (in.) (NRCS, 1986). The SCS loss method is
intended for event simulations. ii. Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) loss method

The SMA loss method is based on the USGS’s Precipitation Runoff Modeling System
(Leavesley, Litchy, Troutman & Saindon, 1982). The model simulates the various movement
of water through, and storage of water on or in the surface and groundwater layers. The SMA
loss method uses three layers to represent the dynamics of water movement in the soil. Layers
include soil storage, upper as well as lower groundwater. Groundwater layers are intended to
represent shallow interflow process. The SMA loss method is well suited for continuous
simulation since it can simulate both wet and dry weather conditions. Canopy and surface
infiltration storage are used in conjunction with the SMA loss method.

7
Figure-1: SMA Loss

d. Transform method – this method performed using Surface runoff calculations. Seven methods
are available in HEC-HMS. Two which were investigated for use in this study are SCS Unit
Hydrograph (UH) and Clark’s UH. The SCS unit hydrograph transform method has been
evaluated for use in HEC-HMS using gage rainfall data; it is not well suited for gridded
precipitation data.

Therefore, the Clark’s UH transform method for gaged precipitation data and ModClark
transform method for gridded precipitation data are utilized in this study. Clark’s UH derives a
watershed UH by explicitly representing the short-term Attenuation of precipitation and
translation of precipitation to runoff. Outflow

, is computed as:

………………..2

where R is constant linear reservoir parameter, Δt is the model time step, It isinflow into storage,

and & are routing coefficients computed as

8
 …………..3

The Mod-Clark means includes linearity, quasi-distributed renovate rule of thumb

specially based on the Clark conceptual army hydrograph. It is by and of itself represents
the sub-basin as a group of grid (cells). Clark rule of thumb used predate by area form in
to ringlets and the presage of deep thought to ensue a interpretation hydrograph, interval
the Mod-Clark method eliminates the has a head start by area writhe and contrary to uses
a am a foil to drive back and forth presage roster separately grid (cell) (HEC, 2000). The
various travel predate index for each and every lockup is scaled separately around time of
concentration. The Excess cat and dog weather on each grid penitentiary is lagged by the
scaled time index and routed at the hand of a linear reservoir.

Figure-2: Final Hydrographs

e. Base-flow method – Base-flow method uses subsurface calculations. Majorly four methods
are available. The linear emergency fund base-flow manner uses a linear reservoir ideal for the
recession trailing a raid event. It conserves group within the sub-basin. The infiltration expected
by the loss manner is accessible to inflow of the linear reservoir. When used mutually the SMA
loss way of doing thing, infiltration is installed to the coordinate outflow of the groundwater
layers.

9
2. Reach Elements

a. Routing method –it’s a part of stream, and all the calculations are performed by
a routing method contained within the reach. Mainly Six methods are available in HEC-
HMS. Two which were investigated for use in this study are Muskingum-Cunge and
Kinematic Wave. The kinematic wave routing method is best suited to steep slopes and
engineered channels (HEC, 2010a). The Muskingum-Cunge is suited to a wide Alps of
applications; properly this routing rule of thumb is hand me down for this study. This
routing manner is based on the preservation of group, and the diffusion associate of the
preservation of momentum. It is mostly known as a variable coefficient manner because
the routing parameters are re-calculated every has a head start step based on channel
properties as abundantly as go with the tide depth. It represents attenuation of hail waves
and bouncecel be hand me down in reaches mutually small slopes. The governing
equation to determine discharge during the Muskingum-Cunge routing method is:

…………………4

where Q is discharge (cfs), c is wave celerity (ft/sec), qo is average discharge

per unit channel width (ft2/sec) and S is storage (ft3) (HEC, 2000).

b. Loss/Gain Method – The loss/gain approach gives the at variance losses from
the channel, in basic principle to the channel from groundwater or multi-directional raw
material movements. A loss/gain manner is optional and is not utilized in this study.

3. Network Elements

a. Junctions – Elements with one or more inflows and only one outflow, used to
represent stream confluences in this study. All the inflow that equal at merger are added
mutually to show the outflow, assuming no one at all storage. There is no spatial

10
 standing room only or under the sun properties associated mutually junctions properly
no computational methods are needed.

b. Sinks – Elements with one or more inflows but no outflow, used to represent the
outlet in this study. Various inflows are added arm in arm in-order to verify the total
meet of mineral deposit entering the elements. There are no spatial extents or mundane
properties associated by all of sinks as a consequence no computational methods are
needed.
4. Meteorological Model – The meteorological model is one of the main components of a
HECHMS model. Its principal purpose is to prepare meteorological inputs for sub basins.

a. Precipitation method – Represents the choice of precipitation data. Gridded precipitation

data and gage precipitation data are used in this study. Gridded precipitation data are inserted
directly into a HEC-HMS and require no spatial adjustment. Generally, since gage precipitation
data are not available on a sub basin basis the precipitation must be adjusted within HEC-HMS.
Spatial resolution of precipitation within the watershed. Weights are computed and assigned to
each gage in inverse proportion to the square of the gage’s distance from each sub basin
centroid.

b. Evapotranspiration method – Represents a aggregation of drawing together and from

the am a foundation for surface and transpiration by vegetation. In evapotranspiration virtually
50% of precipitation strengthen to the environment. The monthly cooking with gas way of doing
thing that is designed to what one is in to with average depth of shrinkage of raw material in
each month (HEC, 2010a)

The following section introduces the inputs required for the elements and meteorological model, as
identified in this section as being utilized, in HEC-HMS.

2.6 Input Requirements of HEC-HMS

1. Sub-basin Inputs

a. Area (km2)

b. SCS CN loss method

i. CN prepared from land cover and soil surveys ii. Impervious area (%) –
Defines the percentage of the sub-basin that are impervious.

11
c. SMA loss method

i. Soil (%), groundwater 1 (%) and groundwater 2 (%)-At the cutting edge
condition of pollute, tonic as cleanly as the sink groundwater protect specified as a
percentage of the maximum accessible soil raw material computerized information that
is realized of water, at the different of the simulation.Maximum infiltration (in./hr) –
The upper bound for the infiltration of the surface storage into the soil.
ii. Impervious area (%) –the sub-basin which is directly connected to impervious
area in percentage.

iii. Soil storage (in.) –packing available in upper soil. If set to null, infiltrated water
is passed directly to the under-groundwater.

iv. Tension storage (in.) – it represents the equal of raw material computerized
information in the besmear that does not diminish under the chattels personal of
magnitude. Filtration of the blot coat in the tonic groundwater didst the sly occurs when
the soil storage surpass the spreading too thin storage. Excess water in overex storage is
moved by evapotranspiration.

v. Soil percolation (in./hr), groundwater 1 & 2 percolation (in./hr)– it sets the upper
dump on the percolation of the if blanket directed toward the protect located soon below
it. The indisputable percolation outlay is a linear in what one is in to of the avant-garde
storage, in the supposing layer. The state-of-the-art storage in the layer located soon
below it.

vi. Groundwater 1 & 2 storage (in.) – represent the everything storage in the
motivation and sink groundwater layers. If apply to nothing, bodily the raw material that
ebb from the besmear passes soon to the ebb groundwater protect or absorbed
percolation.

vii. Groundwater 1 coefficient (hr) and groundwater 2 coefficient (hr) – the

foreshadow lagging on a linear fund inorder to bring up to code water facing the
computerized information to adopt lateral outflow ready to be drawn to acquire base-
flow.

d. Clark’s UH and ModClark transform method

12
 i. Time of concentration, Tc, (hr) – it defines the maximum presage taken to
commute in the subbasin. The grid dungeon in the sub-basin by all of the largest drave
back and forth time list sets the Tc arm and a leg for the subbasin.

ii. Groundwater 1 and 2 Coefficient (hr) – it is an presage constant for the linear
plant at hand in each groundwater layer.

iii. Groundwater 1 and 2 Reservoirs – Can be used to route the base flow through
several sequential reservoirs.

2. Reach Inputs

a. Muskingum-Cunge routing method

i. Length (ft) – Total length of the reach element ii. Slope (ft/ft) – Average slope for the
reach element iii. Manning’s n – Average value for the reach element. Typically estimated
through calibration, using engineering judgment and knowledge of the river/stream properties.

iv. Shape – Specifies the cross section shape of the reach element. Five options are available: circular,
triangle, rectangle, trapezoid and 8-point cross section.

3. Meteorological Inputs

a. Precipitation data (in.)

b. Evapotranspiration rates (in./month) (HEC, 2010a).

13
CHAPTER 3

STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

3.1 Study Area

The study area is Guwahati is a part of Kamrup District in Assam (North East India), which
is situated on bank of River Brahmaputra. Guwahati is divided into 7 watershed. Silsako is
one of the watershed- my study area concentrate on silsako watershed. Silsako watershed
situated in Guwahati, covers about 27.85 km2 of zone in the east of Guwahati. The city is
situated on a plane which is undulated with altitude varying between 47.0m and 55.5m
above mean sea level (MSL). The regular annual rainfall for the study site is about 1600
mm. Monsoon rainfall season starts from June and it continues up to September. Most of
the rainfall (about 900mm) in this region occurs in the month of July and August. In this
study, the city area has been divided into seven watersheds. The methodology used for the
study of runoff determination is demonstrated by considering one of the watersheds named
Silsako watershed. The silsoka basin include military area, refinery and the township of
various Industrial establishments and a major portion of Narkalbari Hill and Sunsili Hill in
the east. All the areas are sloping towards wetland (Silsako lake). As it receives all the runoff
from the whole basin, this lake is the outlet of this watershed, Hence it is known as Silsako
Watershed.

14
Figure-3 Location of Guwahati

Figure-4 Silsako watershed in Guwahati 3.2

3.2 Data Collection

Various Required data has been collected from different sources

• Base map of study area collected from Sahoo and Sreeja (2014)

15
• Daily rainfall data from 2010 to 2012 collected from IMD (Indian Meteorological Department)

• Soil data (Green Ampt infiltration parameters) collected from Rawls et al. 1983

• Imperviousness data collected from Sahoo (2014)

• Drainage network details collected from Sahoo and Sreeja (2014)

• Daily Rainfall Data from IMD.

• Basin properties have been collected from Sahoo and Sreeja (2014) and are given in Table 1.

16
Table 1: Various parameters required for simulation

17
15 323 0 0.371 210 0.508 26.2

16 92.4 0 0.371 290 0.508 16.02

17 74.16 0 210 1.016 7.4

0.154

18 137.2 0 0.371 220 0.86 2.48

19 294.8 0 220 0.86 34.92

0.371

20 156.4 0 0.371 290 0.508 68.48

21 273 0 290 0.508 13.12

0.371

22 252 0 0.371 100 0.8 14.3

18
 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

A New project being created. Then Basin model is obtained from Components on taskbar.
Then Basin map is imported – Silsako watershed. The given watershed is subdivided into 22
sub-watershed having different areas. Each area is denoted as sub-basin. Sub-basin is an element
has no inflow and only one outflow. Each sub-basin is connected by a hydrological element,
Reach element. With areas and also Green Ampt parameters as input of 22 sub-basins are given
as input. All the sub-basin are routed using reach element. Routing is finished in various
method. While routing choose none, in-order to translate all the flow instantly without
attenuation. Sometimes Junctions are also required to collect water from various sources..
Junction is also routed using Reach element. Finally all are connected to sink. Sink denotes the
a point of an interior drainage area or outlet of the basin model. Then Meteorological model
is created from components in task bar. Precipitation is chosen as Specified Hyetograph. Then
control specification is created from components in task bar. Then date of start and end date
is filled with the time interval. Then Time series data is created from components in task bar.
In precipitation gauge unit chosen in millimetre & time interval as 1 day. Then daily rainfall
data is filled in the table.

Then simulation is run with the unit hydrograph method.

4.1 Basin model

• Divided into 22 Sub-basin

• There are 10 junction to collect and redirect the water flow

• Each sub basin & Junction is connected using reach element, consist of 31 reach elements.

• Finally one sink to collect all the water from watershed.

19
Figure-5: Basin Model

20
 CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The following table provides the various Hydrological elements such as Sub-basin, reach,
junction with the area of the drainage and the discharge of the corresponding hydrological
element.

5.1 Discharge of various Hydrological elements given in Table 2, 3, and 4:

21
 Table-2

Table-3

Table-4

22
5.2 Result for sub-basin 1

Figure 6 shows the precipitation, the corresponding precipitation loss and the discharge at the outlet
of sub-basin 1.

Figure-6: precipitation, corresponding precipitation loss and discharge at the outlet of subbasin
1.

23
Figure-7: Daily precipitation from December 2009 to June 2012

Figure-8: Soil infiltration in the sub-basin 1.

24
Figure-9: Discharge of sub-basin1.

Figure-10: discharge of sub-basin 2

25
Figure-11: Discharge of sub-basin 3

Figure-12: discharge of sub-basin 4

26
 Figure-13: discharge of sub-basin 5

Figure-14: discharge of sub-basin 6

27
Figure -15: discharge of sub-basin 7

Figure-16: discharge of sub-basin 8

28
Figure-17: discharge of sub-basin 9

Figure-18: discharge of sub-basin 10

29
Figure-19: discharge of sub-basin 11

Figurre-20: discharge of sub-basin 12

30
Figure-21: discharge of sub-basin 13

Figure-22: discharge of sub-basin 14

31
Figure-23: discharge of sub-basin 15

Figure-24: discharge of sub-basin 16

32
Figure-25: discharge of sub-basin 17

Figure-26: discharge of sub-basin 18

33
Figure-27: discharge of sub-basin 19

Figure-28: discharge of sub-basin 20

34
Figure-29: discharge of sub-basin 21

Figure-30: discharge of sub-basin 22

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 Figure-31: discharge at the outlet of the Silsako watershed

5.3 Discussion

Figure 8 shows the soil infiltration loss of the sub basin 1, that given in mm. Figure 9 shows the
discharge of sub-basin 1 about 175 m3/s, Figure 10 shows the discharge in sub-basin 2 about 270
m3/s, figure 10 shows sub-basin 3 gives discharge about 178 m3/s, figure 11 shows the discharge
in sub-basin 4 about 87 m3/s.

Figure 12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30 gives the discharges about

138 m3/s , 122 m3/s, 60 m3/s,122 m3/s ,202 m3/s, 170 m3/s, 160 m3/s, 138 m3/s,179 m3/s,135
m3/s,600 m3/s,170 m3/s,125 m3/s,249 m3/s, 520 m3/s,270 m3/s,500 m3/s,450 m3/s respectively..

Figure 31 shows the outlet where all the water is collected from all 22 sub-basin gives discharge
about 5020 m3/s.

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5.4 Conclusion

The HEC–HMS is applicable for disaster mitigation, flood control, and water
management in medium-size river basins. The ability of HEC–HMS to simulate the magnitude
and timing of the peaks in extreme floods in the river basin that underscores the significance of
the model’s application as a flood prediction tool. The model cab be useful as a tool to issue
early warnings in the lower river basin during extreme rainfall conditions in the upper basin.
The ability of HEC–HMS is to simulate long-term daily flow, which shows its applicability as
a tool for planning water resources development in the lower River basin. The HEC–HMS
successfully reproduces low flows and, thus is a useful tool to estimate low flows in advance on
the basis of drought forecasts. The HEC–HMS can be useful for analyzing future extreme
conditions by taking advantage of the characteristics of distinct modeling approaches with the
availability of various data hence is suitable for our study. In the current study, the peak
discharge at the outlet due to corresponding simulation is found to be 6793815.6 m3.

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