PROJECT MANAGEMENT 01

7 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT COURSE

INSTRUCTOR: DR. ALI RAMMAL

 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 02

Quality is the degree to which an object or entity (e.g., process, product, or service) satisfies a
specified set of attributes or requirements. The quality of something can be determined by
comparing a set of inherent characteristics with a set of requirements.

6
Quality vs. Grade (degree of functionality)

Grade as a design intent is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but
different technical characteristics.

A camera with lots of functions is high grade and a camera which takes bad pictures is low quality.

Low Quality is always a problem; low grade may not be.

 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 03

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Quality management includes creating and following

organizational policies and procedures and tailoring them
to ensure the project also meets the needs of the
customer. We could also say it means ensuring a project is
completed in compliance with the project requirements.
Quality management includes the processes of Plan
Quality Management, Manage Quality, and Control Quality

Prevention OR Inspection
Is it better to inspect work to find problems or to prevent
them in the first place? Which takes less effort and is less
costly? Remember that quality must be planned in, not
inspected in!
PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 04

Quality means meeting requirements,

not adding extras

Quality should be checked before an activity

or work package is completed

Quality should be considered whenever

there is a change to any of the project
constraints.

The project manager should recommend

improvements to the performing
organizations standards, policies, and
processes.

Some quality activities may be performed

by a quality department.
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 05
GOLD PLATING

Gold plating refers to giving the customer extras

(extra functionality, higher-quality components, extra
scope, or better performance). Gold Plating is not
recommended as it will cause the project extra time
and cost. Possible causes of Gold plating include:
Going above and beyond: the project team thinks it
will make the client happy

COST OF QUALITY

Cost of quality (COQ) refers to the total cost of the

conformance work and the nonconformance work
that should be done as a compensatory effort
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 06

Cost of Conformance Cost of Non Conformance

Prevention Costs Internal Failure Costs

(Build a quality product) (Failures found by the project)
•Training • Rework
•Document processes • Repair
•Time to do it right • Liquidity damage
•Testing • Warranty Work
•Inspections • Lost Business

Money spent during the project to avoid Money spent during and after the project
failures because of failures
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 07

SIX LEVELS OF INCREASINGLY EFFECTIVE QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Find the defects Plan for quality

The most expensive approach is to Incorporate quality into the planning and
let the customer find the defects. designing of the project and product

Early correction Train the team

Detect and correct the defects before the
QUALITY Create a culture throughout the
IMPROVEMENT organization that is aware and committed
deliverables are sent to the customer as to quality in processes and products
part of the quality control process.
Quality team
Assign and train a quality team to inspect
Quality Assurance
Use quality assurance to examine and correct the product before delivery and during its
the process itself and not just special defects life cycle
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 08

Responsibility for Quality:

The project manager has the ultimate responsibility for the quality of the product of the
project, but each team member must check their work by inspecting it themselves

Prevention OR Inspection
Is it better to inspect work to find problems or to prevent
them in the first place? Which takes less effort and is less
costly? Remember that quality must be planned in, not
inspected in!
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 09
Knowledge MONITORING &
INTIATING PLANNING EXECTUING CLOSE OUT
Area CONTROLING
PROJECT
Plan Quality Management Perform Quality Control Quality
QUALITY
Assurance
MANAGEMENT
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 10

PLAN QUALITY MANAGEMENT The level of quality efforts should be appropriate

to the needs of the project
This process focuses on defining quality for the
project, the product, and project management, and
planning how it will be achieved.
Tim must be balanced with the other project
Quality
constraints
e

WBS help the project manager maintain the proper

perspective and plan quality to the appropriate level

Quality requirements are documented,

analyzed, and prioritized according to the
requirements management plan
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 11

CONTENTS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The quality practices and standards
that apply to the project

What processes will be followed to

help ensure quality

QUALITY The reports that will address quality

What Criteria will be used to measure

quality

What parts of the project or

deliverables will be measured and
when
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 11

PERFORM QUALITY ASSURANCE

Performing quality assurance ensures that the processes are in place to produce the project deliverables
at the applicable level of quality. In the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Quality Assurance is
part of the Executing process group and is performed throughout the duration of the project. When
quality assurance activities identify a quality problem which leads to project changes, the project
management plan may need to be updated.

Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control

Quality assurance creates the systems to measure and control quality, in order to create
confidence that quality products will be produced.

Quality control measures the quality level of individual products/deliverables, and accepts/rejects
them based on the criteria developed by quality assurance.
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 12

TOOLS & TECHNQUES

COST ANALYSIS

Using this data analysis technique, the project manager analyzes the benefits
versus the costs of quality efforts to determine the appropriate quality level and
requirements for the project.

COST OF QUALITY

Evaluating the cost of quality means making sure the project is not spending too
much to achieve a particular level of quality
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 13

BENCHMARKING

It compares actual or planned project practices to

those projects to generate ideas for improvement
and to provide a basis by which to measure
performance. These other projects can be within
the performing organization or outside of it, and
can be within the same or in another application
area
PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 14
Seven Basic Quality Tools
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 15
1. Cause and Effect Diagram (Ishikawa diagrams or fishbone diagrams): It
illustrates how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects.
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 16

Pareto diagrams:

Exist as a special form of vertical bar

chart and are used to identify the vital few
sources that are responsible for causing
most of a problem’s effects
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 17
HISTOGRAMS

A histogram is a graphical representation of data.

The data is represented by columns on a graph
that varies in height depending on the
frequency(how many times) the specific range of
data occurs

Focus on the most critical issues to improve

quality
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 03
QUALITY AUDIT
An audit is a structured, independent process used to determine if project activities comply with
organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures. A quality audit is usually conducted by a team
external to the project, such as the organization’s internal audit department, PMO, or by an auditor external
to the organization

Process analysis

It is a part of continuous improvement effort on a project and focuses on identifying improvements that
might be needed in processes.
 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 18

STATISTICAL SAMPLING

It is one of the tools and techniques used in Control

Quality. It is defined as selecting part of a population
in question or interest for inspection. The samples are
chosen and tested according to the quality
management plan.

QUESTIONNAIRES AND SURVEYS

Questionnaires and surveys may be used in Control Quality

to gather data on details of problems or defects, or to confirm
that customers or end users are satisfied with deliverables
that have been deployed on the project. The results can be
used to determine whether conformance to quality has been
achieved