Economic and Ecological implication on

environmental auditing System

Energy Audit and Management

System
Lecture 5
Environmental Concerns
 Biodiversity. Biodiversity is the most complex and vital
feature of our planet. ...
 Water. Water pollution is a huge concern for us and our
environment. ...
 Deforestation. We need plants and trees to survive. ...
 Pollution. ...
 Climate Change.
Environment Impacts

 Climate change including Global warming.

 Acid rain, photochemical smog and other forms
of pollution.
 Ocean acidification.
 Displacement/extinction of wildlife.
 Resource depletion - forests, water, food
Global warming
Global war ming is the
l o n g - t e r m h e at i n g o f
Earth's surface due to
human activities,
pr imar ily fossil fuel
burning, which increases
h e at - t r ap p i n g
greenhouse gas levels in
Earth's atmosphere.
 What causes global warming?
 Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air
pollutants collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar
radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface.
 Normally this radiation would escape into space, but these
pollutants, last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the
heat and cause the planet to get hotter.
 These heat-trapping pollutants—specifically carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and synthetic fluorinated
gases—are known as greenhouse gases, and their impact is called
the greenhouse effect.
Photochemical smog is a mixture
of pollutants that are formed
when nitrogen oxides and
volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) react to sunlight,
creating a brown haze above
cities. It tends to occur more
often in summer due to more
sunlight.
 3 major ingredients of
photochemical smog are
nitrogen oxides,
hydrocarbons, and sunlight.
 Environmental Auditing
 It is a management tool comprising of a systematic,
documented, periodic & objective evaluation of how well
the environment management systems are performing
with the aim of:
 Waste prevention and reduction.
 Assessing compliance with regulatory requirements.
 Facilitating control of environmental practices by a
company's management and
 Placing environmental information in the public domain.
An Audit team shall consist of 4 members in the
form of an Environmental Engineer, Chemical
Engineer, Chemist and Micro Biology/Bio-
Chemistry or Chemistry or Biotechnology or
Zoology or Environment Science or Climate
Change or Forensic Science or Life Science.
 List of basic laboratory Instruments
 Balance: - a. Analytical 5 digit balance
 b. Routine lab analytical balance
 pH meter
 COD Assembly
 BOD Incubator
 Hot Air Oven
 Muffle furnace
 Conductivity Meter
 Turbidity Meter
 Spectrophotometer
 Flame Photometer
 Noise level Meter
 RDS – for PM2.5 micron & PM10 micron
 Stack Monitoring Kit
 Phenol Distillation
 Hot plate
 Stirrer
 Water Bath
 Microscope
 Centrifuge
 Refrigerator
 Autoclave
 CO2 Analyzer for Stack monitoring
 In addition it is desirable to have:
 DO Meter
 Laminar Air Flow
 Water Analysis Parameters
 pH
 Temperature & colour
 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
 Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
 Conductivity
 Turbidity
 Alkalinity
 Oil & Grease
 Chloride
 Phenolic Compounds
 Sulphate
 Nitrite
 Heavy metals like Cr, Cu, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Hg etc
Hazardous Waste Parameters
 Acidity
 Total Phenol
 Heavy Metals viz. Cr, Cu, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Hg etc.
 Total Organic Compounds
 Cyanide
Ambient Air Analysis
 R.S.P.M. (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter)
 S.P.M. (Suspended Particulate Matter)
 SO2 (Sulphure dioxide)
 NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)
 Cl (Free Chlorine)
 H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)
 HCl (Hydrogen Chloride)
 NH3 ( Ammonia)
 CS2 (Carbon Disulfide)
 Acid Mis
Flue gas parameters
 R.S.P.M. (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter)
 S.P.M. (Suspended Particulate Matter)
 SO2 (Sulphure dioxide)
 NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)
 Cl (Free Chlorine)
 H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)
 HCl (Hydrogen Chloride)
 NH3 ( Ammonia)
 CS2 (Carbon Disulfide)
 Acid Mis
Environmental Management System: Include
treatment plants, equipments and processes for
liquid effluents, air emissions, noise, solid wastes
and other pollutants. Also collection, treatment,
conveyance and disposal system for such wastes
and other pollutants
 An environmental management system, or EMS, is an approach a
tool … a set of procedures … a planned and organized way of
doing things in a system. It is any planning and implementation
system that an enterprise employs to manage the way it interacts
with the natural environment.
 An EMS is built around the way an enterprise operates. It focuses
on an enterprise's production processes and general management
system — not on its emissions, effluents, and solid waste, as
environmental regulations do. An EMS enables an enterprise to
address major and costly aspects of its operations proactively,
strategically, and comprehensively, as any good manager would
want to do. Without an EMS, an enterprise can only react to
environmental disasters, to environmental regulations ,to threats
of fines and lawsuits, to being undercut by more progressive and
efficient competitors.
EMS can be implemented using two methods
 Cleaner production techniques
 Pollution control systems.
The key difference between cleaner production and
other methods like pollution control is the choice
of timing, cost, and sustainability. Pollution
control follows a “react and treat” approach, while
cleaner production adopts a “prevent better than
cure” approach.
 Cleaner production therefore focuses on before-the-event techniques
that are as follows:
 Source reduction:
 Good housekeeping
 Process changes:
♦ Better process control
♦ Equipment modification
♦ Technology change
♦ Input material change.
 Recycling:
–On-site recycling
–Useful byproducts through off-site recycling.
•Product modification.
 Advantages of Cleaner Production
Technology
Ø Reduce waste disposal cost.
Ø Reduce raw material cost.
Ø Reduce health, safety and environment (HSE) damage cost.
Ø Improve public relations/image.
Ø Improve company's performance.
Ø Improve local and international market competitiveness.
Ø Help comply with environmental protection regulations.
Ø On a broader scale, cleaner production can help alleviate the serious and
increasing problems of air and water pollution, ozone depletion, global
warming, landscape degradation, solid and liquid wastes, resource
depletion, acidification of the natural and built environment, visual
pollution, and reduced bio-diversity.
The EMS can provide a company with a decision-making
structure and action plan to bring cleaner production
into the company's strategy, management, and day-to-day
operations. Integrating cleaner production techniques
with EMS will help the system to approach zero
pollution and maximize the benefits where both CP
benefits and EMS benefits will be integrated together.
 Examples of EMS System
 Forest Stewardship Council's SmartWood EMS for forest
property and forest products
 The World Travel and Tourism Council's Green Globe 21 for
the travel and tourism industr
 The U.S. Government's Code of Environmental Management
Principles for federal agencies.
Planning and Implementation Process
F i g u re 1 : g o a l s , o b j e c t i ve s , o p t i o n s ,
comparative assessment, and planning. “Act”
is called “implementation;” “review”
translates into “evaluation;” and “revise” —
which involves making corrections that feed
into a further round of planning, acting, and
so on
 Sound Planning Involves......
1)Establishing an overall policy (broad goals, aims, mission, values)
to guide everything that follows (this can be considered part of the
planning activity or a step that comes before it)
2)Assessing the current situation
3) Determining exactly what you want to achieve (setting explicit
goals, objectives, targets, performance standards)
4) Examining different ways of achieving it
5) Working out in detail what seems like the best course of action
(type of program, project, plan, action plan, initiative)
6) Carrying out the plan (implementation)
7) Monitoring how things are going
8) Making corrections as needed to stay on course