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    Population 2023

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    Saksham14

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    Population 2023

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    Population 2023

    Uploaded by

    Saksham14

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    Population - The Increasing Numbers and Rising

    Problems

    Human population is by far the most serious problem the world is facing today.
    WORLD POPULATION THROUGH THE AGES
    It is estimated that the total world population about 50,000 years ago would have
    been around one million (1,000,000).
    About 10,000 years ago, the total world population had reached approximately 5.3
    million.
    • He started living in settled communities in primitive huts.
    • He had started domesticating animals - dog being the first.
    • He learnt to sow crops and store food. This was the beginning of agriculture.

    RAPID RISE IN POPULATION


    (i) Industrial Revolution
    A major phase in the growth of human population started with the scientific and
    industrial revolution, which began around the seventeenth century.
    (ii) New Discoveries in Medical Science
    The twentieth century (1901-2000) witnessed remarkable discoveries in medical
    science, specially the antibiotics and the prophylactic vaccinations against many
    diseases. This resulted in a sharp reduction in the number of deaths of all age
    groups, specially the infants and the old.

    POPULATION EXPLOSION - A SERIOUS GLOBAL CONCERN


    Population explosion refers to the rapid and a massive rise in the world population
    that has occurred over the last few hundred years. It began in the middle of the
    nineteenth century. India and China make one third of the total world population.
    The total world population reached the 7 billion mark on 31st October 2011.
    Six main reasons for sharp rise in WORLD HUMAN POPULATION in the
    recent past:
    1. Better Health Care
    2. Fewer Deaths
    3. Food shortage minimised
    4. Improved Nutrition
    5. Large scale immunisation
    6. Fewer infant deaths

    Need for adopting control measures


    Problems which are serious threats, for example :
    1. Decreasing open spaces,
    2. Shrinking of forests,
    3. Increasing industrialisation causing air, water and soil pollution,
    4. Rapid and intense shortage of drinking water and other resources,
    5. Increasing pollution is a health hazard.

    POPULATION IN INDIA
    The trend of rise of population in India is as alarming as in the rest of the world.
    Except for a slight fall in 1911-21, the population of India has been steadily
    increasing for the last 100 years. Since 1951, the growth rate has been very high.
    A few years ago, it was estimated that India's population in 2001 A.D. would be
    around 760 million; but now, we find, it has already crossed one billion (1000
    million) mark.

    Indian Population Clock


    • The current Indian population is a little more than 1.35 billion and is growing
    rapidly.
    • India is the world's 7th largest country by area and the 2nd most populous
    country.
    • Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, the country grew by 17.7%, adding 181.5
    million people. India's current yearly growth rate is 1.11%.
    • The country's estimated population density in 2016 was about 445 per sq. km
    (World Bank).
    • Delhi is India's most populous city, closely followed by Mumbai.

    FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR POPULATION EXPLOSION IN INDIA


    (1) Illiteracy: Most of the rural population which forms the bulk of our society are
    still illiterate, ignorant and superstitious. They also do not know the functioning of
    the human reproductive system.
    (2) Traditional beliefs: Among the people from lower strata of society, children are
    regarded as a gift of God and a sign of prosperity. Therefore, they make no effort
    to avoid pregnancy.
    (3) Mortality rate: Due to high infant mortality rate in our country, people from the
    economically weaker section think it safer to produce more children so that at
    least some may survive.
    (4) Economic reasons: Children are considered to be helping hands to increase the
    family income.
    (5) Religious and social customs: India is a centre of various religious and social
    customs, and as such most people do not accept family planning norms.
    (6) Desire for a male child: Most Indian families still hold the view that a male child
    is essential for keeping up the name of the family. Further, a male child is usually a
    great help to the aged parents. These two reasons often contribute to getting
    several children before getting one son or sometimes not even that.
    (7) Lack of recreation: Poor standard of living and poverty provide no recreation
    other than sex.

    RISING POPULATION - PRESSURE ON NATURAL RESOURCES


    What is a resource?
    Resource is any substance (natural or artificial), energy or organism which is used
    by humans for their welfare.
    The six main resources under pressure are as follows:
    1. Food rise by arithmetic progression but Population rise by geometric
    progression
    2. Water
    3 Land
    4. Forests
    5. Energy
    6. Minerals

    POPULATION GROWTH AND URBANISATION CAUSING SERIOUS PRESSURE ON


    RESOURCES
    Changing Face of the Earth
    The human population is growing very fast throughout the world. The villages are
    turning into towns, towns into cities and cities into megacities or metropolises a
    process covered under what we call urbanisation. Some of the major changes
    occurring in the process of urbanisation are as follows:
    • More and more residential buildings, markets, schools, hospitals, etc.
    . More streets and roads, more highways, railway lines and airports.
    • More industrial installations, godowns and reservoirs, and so on.

    Rising Living Standards of Growing Population


    Living standards of the people are rising very fast.
    • More and more household equipment the furniture, the crockery, electronic
    gadgets, the decoration articles and so on per household.
    • More clothes, accessories, etc. — number of shirts, suits or sarees, skirts, belts,
    bags and shoes, etc. per individual.
    • Some means of personal conveyance - a cycle, a motor cycle, a motor car, and
    then there are taxis, and other means of transport.

    Need to Check Exploitative Use of Resources


    Sustainable means which can be continued with no ill effect on the availability of
    the required items.
    Sustainable development means the kind of development that meets the need of
    the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet
    their own needs.
    Sustainable development can be achieved mainly by:
    • Reduction of excessive use of natural resources.
    • Recycling and reuse of resources wherever possible.
    • More use of renewable resources such as solar energy, wind power, etc.

    A FEW STATISTICAL TERMS


    • Demography is the statistical study of human population. This is specially with
    reference to size and density, distribution and other vital statistics.
    • Population density is the number of individuals per square kilometre (km²) at any
    given time.
    • Birth rate or natality is the number of live births per 1000 people of population per
    year.
    • Death rate or Mortality is the number of deaths per 1000 of population per year.
    • Growth rate of population is the difference between the birth rate and the death
    rate.

    POPULATION EDUCATION AND POPULATION CONTROL


    1. The message about population problem should reach as many people as
    possible including those living in very remote areas.
    2. People should be made aware of the advantages of having small families and, at
    the same time, the disadvantages of having many children.
    3. The orthodox view, to have at least one son specially in Indian society, should
    be modified by education.
    4. Marriageable age should be higher.
    5. The married couples should be educated to delay the birth of their first child, to
    space the second with a sufficient interval for proper upbringing and to stop the
    third.

    FAMILY WELFARE
    The inverted red triangle has become a popular sign in India for family welfare.
    The term FAMILY WELFARE has three aspects:
    1. Family planning in terms of having a small family.
    2. Total welfare of the small family, including the diet and nutrition of the child and
    of the pregnant mother.
    3. Subsequent care of the children, e.g., immunisation and oral rehydration
    therapy, etc. to ensure survival of the young ones.

    METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
    The common methods of contraception are as follows:
    1. Hormonal Methods (Pills): Various hormonal preparations come in the form
    of tablets or pills.
    2. Barrier Methods
    3. Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs): The two devices commonly used in India are
    Lippe's Loop and Copper-T.

    4. Surgical methods:
    (a) Tubectomy (for female):
    (b) Vasectomy (in male)

    INDUCED ABORTION OR MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)


    Abortion is legally permitted only within 5 months of pregnancy.

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