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    Tutorial Sheet 1

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    Yogita Arya

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    Tutorial Sheet 1

    Uploaded by

    Yogita Arya
    7 views3 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    7 views3 pages

    Tutorial Sheet 1

    Uploaded by

    Yogita Arya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    MCL242: Heat and Mass Transfer

    Tutorial sheet 1

    Problem 1: A square silicon chip (k = 150 W/m.K) is of width w = 5 mm on a side


    and of thickness t = 1 mm. The chip is mounted in a substrate such that its side and back
    surfaces are insulated, while the front surface is exposed to a coolant.
    If 4 W are being dissipated in circuits mounted to the back surface of the chip, what is
    the steady-state temperature difference between back and front surfaces?

    Solution: Tback − Tfront = 1.1◦ C

    Problem 2: A square isothermal chip is of width w = 5 mm on a side and is mounted


    in a substrate such that its side and back surfaces are insulated, while the front surface is
    exposed to the flow of a coolant at T∞ = 15◦ C. From reliability considerations, the chip
    temperature must not exceed T = 85◦ C.
    If the coolant is air and the corresponding convection coefficient is h = 200 W/m2 .K,
    what is the maximum allowable chip power? If the coolant is a dielectric liquid for which
    h = 3000 W/m2 .K, what is the maximum allowable power?

    Solution: 0.35 W, 5.25 W

    1
    Problem 3: A spherical interplanetary probe of 0.5 m diameter contains electronics that
    dissipate 150 W. If the probe surface has an emissivity of 0.8 and the probe does not receive
    radiation from other surfaces, as for example, from the sun, what is its surface temperature?
    Solution: 254.7 K

    Problem 4: A vacuum system, as used in sputtering electrically conducting thin films on


    microcircuits, is comprised of a baseplate maintained by an electrical heater at 300 K and
    a shroud within the enclosure maintained at 77 K by a liquid nitrogen coolant loop. The
    circular baseplate, insulated on the lower side, is 0.3 m in diameter and has an emissivity of
    0.25.

    (a) How much electrical power must be provided to the baseplate heater?

    (b) At what rate must liquid nitrogen be supplied to the shroud if its heat of vaporization
    is 125 kJ/kg?

    (c) To reduce the liquid-nitrogen consumption, it is proposed to bond a thin sheet of


    aluminium foil ( = 0.09) to the baseplate. Will this have the desired effect?

    Solution: 8.1 W, 0.23 kg/h, 0.084 kg/h

    Problem 5: An experiment to determine the convection coefficient associated with airflow


    over the surface of a thick stainless steel casting involves insertion of thermocouples in the
    casting at distances of 10 and 20 mm from the surface along a hypothetical line normal to the
    surface. The steel has a thermal conductivity of 15 W/m.K. If the thermocouples measure

    2
    temperatures of 50 and 40◦ C in the steel when the air temperature is 100◦ C, what is the
    convection coefficient?
    Solution: 375 W/m2 .K

    Problem 6: Radioactive wastes are packed in a thin-walled spherical container. The


    wastes generate thermal energy nonuniformly according to the relation q̇ = q̇0 [1 − (r/r0 )2 ],
    where q̇ is a constant, and r0 is the radius of the container. Steady-state conditions are
    maintained by submerging the container in a liquid that is at T∞ and provides a uniform
    convection coefficient h.
    Obtain an expression for the total rate at which thermal energy is generated in the
    container. Use this result to obtain an expression for the temperature Ts of the container
    wall.

    Solution: T∞ + 2q0 r0 /15h

    Problem 7: A slab of ice in a thin-walled container 10 mm thick and 300 mm on each


    side is placed on a well-insulated pad. At its top surface, the ice is exposed to ambient air
    for which T∞ = 25◦ C and the convection coefficient is 25 W/m2 .K. Neglecting heat transfer
    from the sides and assuming the ice-water mixture remains at 0◦ C, how long will it take to
    completely melt the ice? The density and latent heat of fusion of ice are 920 kg/m3 and 334
    kJ/kg, respectively.
    Solution: 4916 s

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